awmudkawmh &vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh...

awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg?

opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

oAÁ'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd?

oAÁ&oH "r®&aom Zdemwd/

oAÁ&wð "r®&wd Zdemwd?

wPSu©a,m oAÁ'ku©H Zdemwd/

'getm;vkH;udk "r®'geu atmifEdkif\/

t&omtm;vkH;udk w&m;t&omu atmifEdkif\/

arGUavsmfzG,ftm;vkH;udk w&m;ü arGUavsmfjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

'ku©tm;vkH;udk wPSmukefjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

pd&H wd|wk o'¨ar®m? "ar® a[mEÅ K o*g&0g/

bk&m;&Sif\ tqHk;tr omoemawmfonf

t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapownf;/

o'¨r®oHk;jzmü ½kdaoav;pm;jcif; &SdMuygapukefownf;/

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

ed'geuxm ................................ !rGefjrwfaom touf&Sifjcif; ...................... !tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef ............ PyPmr 0E´em ............................... 1

tcef; (1) ................................. 3

0eH qdE´x = awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg ................. 3ypöKyÜefZmwfaMumif;0w¬K ......................... 5a&S;jzpfa[mif;atmufarhzG,f Zmwfvrf; ............... 9udavom awmcsKHykwfESifh tpG,ftyGm;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muyg .. 11udavom awmcsKHykwfESifh tpG,ftyGm;rsm; ............ 12xyfrH&Sif;vif;csuf ........................... 14t0dZÆmqdkwm bmvJ¿ ......................... 14t0dZÆmaemufodkY tpOfvdkufaewJh tukodkvfw&m;qdk;rsm; .... 16t0dZÆmaemufodkY tpOfvdkufaewJh rdpämr*¾ifrsm; .......... 17t[d&du taemwåyÜwdkY\ pGrf;tm;rsm; ............... 19tawmif;t&rf; xlajymvSwJh tmV0D&[ef;awmfrsm; ....... 21tawmif;t&rf; xlajymrIudk wd&pämefrsm;aomfyif rESpfoufyg. 23iSufawGaomfrSvnf; awmif;&rf;jcif;udk rESpfNcdKufMuyg ..... 26awmif;&rf;rIudk &GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJh &|ygv &Sif&aoh..... 28MunfndKzG,f&m a&S;q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; .............. 29

tcef; (2) ................................ 33

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;)..................... 33bk&m;&SifajymMum;apawmfrlvdkaom pum; q,fcGef; ....... 33

] u u u u u

1/ tyÜdpäuxm = tvdkenf;yg;jcif;ESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum;.... 35tBwdpä = tydktvGef tvdk&Sdjcif; ................... 35rdwå0dE´uZmwf ............................. 36o'¨ga',s 0dedygw ........................... 41avmouwdórax&f tavmif;tvsm.............. 43ygydpä = ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;...................... 47olcdk;BuD; ig;OD; .............................. 51y"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg; ......................... 551/ o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif;........................... 562/ tyÜgAm" = tema&m*guif;jcif; = usef;rma&;aumif;rGefjcif; 583/ rm,m omaX,s uif;pifjcif; .................. 594/ tm&'¨0D&d, = tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJh

vkHYv0D&d,&Sdjcif; .......................... 605/ 0dyóemÓPfynmESifh jynfhpkHjcif; ................ 61

tcef; (3) ................................ 63

opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; ............. 63opömav;&yf w&m;jrwf ........................ 63yXraum#d*grokwåef ......................... 63ul#m*g&okwåef ............................. 660dyóemor®m'd|dÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odjriftyfwJh opömav;yg; . 68'ku©opöm ................................. 68ork',opöm .............................. 69eda&m"opöm ............................... 71taMumif;-tusKd;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rnfhtcsdef.............. 730dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh opömw&m; .......... 74

c c c c c ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh


0dyóemqdkwm bmvJ¿........................ 76tvGefcufcJwJh vkyfief;&yf ...................... 77orm"dudk xlaxmifyg ......................... 79orm"dxlaxmifjcif;vkyfief;...................... 80vrf;okH;oG,f .............................. 82vrf;ESpfoG,f ............................... 84tMunf"mwfqdkwm bmvJ¿ ..................... 87tmumo"mwfqdkwm bmvJ¿ .................... 91taemufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo, ................... 92½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk pwifodwJhtcsdef .............. 93Oyg'g½kyfqdkwm ............................. 94emrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;jcif; ............... 94b0ifraemtMunf"mwfqdkwm bmvJ¿ .............. 96b0ifpdwfeJY ,SOfaewJh ÓPf&JU pGrf;tifBuD;rm;rI .......... 98psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;ykHpepf .............. 1000dyóemÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odjriftyfwJh opömav;yg; ..... 102eda&m"opömtaMumif; ........................ 119t&d,r*¾ or®m'd|dÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odjriftyfwJh opömav;yg; 125tbd"r®mudk y,f&Sm;aeolrsm; ................... 128omoemawmfudk uG,faysmufatmifvkyfaeolrsm; ....... 134a0om&ZÆÓPfawmfjrwf (4)yg; .................. 135a0om&ZÆokwåef ........................... 135yxra0om&ZÆÓPfawmf ...................... 136'kwd,a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf ..................... 136wwd,a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf .................... 136

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum ] * * * * *


pwkw¬a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf ..................... 137tbd"r®ma'oemawmf[m bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfjzpfygw,f 142ur®owåd&JUpGrf;tif .......................... 147ygydpä ed*kH;csKyf ............................. 151

tcef; (4) ............................... 153

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) .................. 153tyÜdpäuxmtquf.......................... 153r[dpäqdkwm bmvJ¿ ......................... 153ra&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;rsKd; ..................... 159tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf .............................. 160tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf av;rsKd; ......................... 162rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD; ....................... 1652/ oEÅK|duxm = a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;ESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum; .. 168oaEÅmow&m; (12)yg; ....................... 169oEÅK|duxmqdkwm .......................... 1793/ y0da0uuxm = uif;qdwfrI 0da0uokH;jzmESifh pyfwJh

w&m;pum; ............................ 1804/ toHo*¾uxm = a&ma&maESmaESm raexdkifjcif;ESifh pyfwJh

w&m;pum; ............................ 192vlyif tdkaomfvnf; &m*uawmh rtdkyg ............. 205toHo*¾uxm (5)rsKd; ........................ 2105/ 0D&d,m&rÇuxm = BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; vkHYv0D&d,ESifh

qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum; ................... 211um,du0D&d, ............................. 212apwodu0D&d,............................ 215

C C C C C ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh


or®yÜ"mevkHYv0D&d, (4)rsKd; ..................... 219t*Fgav;yg;&SdwJh 0D&d, ........................ 220tm&'¨0D&d, .............................. 2226/ oDvuxm = oDvusifhpOfESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum; ..... 223avmuDoDv.............................. 223avmukwå&moDv .......................... 2257/ orm"duxm = orm"dusifhpOfESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum; ... 226orm"d\ tusKd;*kPftiftmedoif (5)yg; ............ 2278/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifhpOfESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum; 2299/ 0drkwåduxm = udavomwdkYrS vGwfajrmufrI 0drkwådESifh pyfwJh

w&m;pum; ............................ 23010/ 0drkwådÓP'óeuxm = t&d,zdkvf toD;toD;udk

&NyD;aemuf jzpfay:vmwJh ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrifESifh pyfwJh .w&m;pum; ........................... 231

tcef; (5) ............................... 233

udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; .... 233uRwfxdkufool a0ae,swdkY&JU tqifhtwef;odkY vdkufum

w&m;a[mMum;awmfrlykH .................... 233tEkykAÁduxm = tpOftwdkif;aom w&m;pum; ......... 234oDv+orm"d+ynmuxm ..................... 235orm"d+ynmuxm ......................... 236ynmuxm .............................. 236tZÑmo,"mwfESifh avsmfnDwJh ñTefMum;csufrsm; ........ 237&m*udk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ................... 238orxydkif;qdkif&m o0dnmPutokb (= &Siftokb)½IuGuf. 239

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum ] i i i i i


orxydkif;qdkif&m t0dnmPutokb (= aotokb)½IuGuf 2420dyóemydkif;qdkif&m tokbbm0em ½IuGuf ........... 242cRif;csufawmh rxm;ygeJY ....................... 246okH;q,fhESpfaum|mowdkY&JU tokbtjcif;t&m ......... 248ydk;avmufawGeJY jynfhaewJh cE¨mtdrf ................ 249½kyfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JU tokbtjcif;t&m............. 250emrfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JU tokbtjcif;t&m ............ 251Zmwd'ku© Z&m'ku© r&P'ku© ................... 254twdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóem................... 255w&m;ESifh avsmfnDwJh ESdyfuGyfrI wpfrsKd; .............. 256tEkaAm"ÓPf y#da0"ÓPf .................... 257tbdnmPfESifh 0dyóemÓPf ................... 259r[mwdórax&fjrwfBuD; ..................... 261a'goudk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; .................. 264omrm0wDESifh rdzk&m; (500) .................... 264Owå&m eE´rmwm ........................... 265arwåmokwfvm &[ef;awmfrsm; .................. 2670d[ðoudk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ................. 270£óm-rpä&d,udk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ............ 272rpä&d, (5)rsKd; ............................. 273rkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;ESifh arm[udk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ..... 279tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;udk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ...... 283tmemygepwkuú (4)rsKd; ....................... 284yxrpwkuú (= um,mEkyóem) ................. 284tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfqdkwm ................... 286


p p p p p ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

ar;jref;aewJh ar;cGef;wpf&yf .................... 288"mwfur®|mef; ............................. 289'kwd,pwkuú (= a0'emEkyóem)................. 291yDwdy#doHa0'D (orxydkif;) ..................... 291yDwdy#doHa0'D (0dyóemydkif;) ................... 292okcy#doHa0'D (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;) ............ 292pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)......... 293yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)......... 293wwd,pwkuú (= a0'emEkyóem) ................ 294pdwåy#doHa0'D (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;) ............ 294tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;) ......... 295orm'[H pdwåH (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;) ............ 2960dyóemydkif;rSm qdkvdkwJh cPduorm"d .............. 2980darmp,H pdwåH (orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;) ............ 298pwkw¬pwkuú (= "r®mEkyóem) .................. 300tedpömEkyóD = tedpövdkY ½INyD;awmh touf½SLaeyg ....... 301tedpöEÅd yÍöu©E¨m ........................... 3010d&m*gEkyóD = 0d&m*oabmudk ½INyD;awmh touf½SLaeyg .. 303eda&m"mEkyóD = eda&m"oabmudk ½INyD;awmh touf½SLaeyg 304y#dedó*¾gEkyóD = y#dedó*¾oabmudk ½INyD;awmh

touf½SLaeyg........................... 305tmemygeur®|mef;&JU tusKd;*kPftiftmedoif ......... 310rmeESifh 'd|dudk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; ............... 311vu©Pma&;okH;wef ......................... 312bk&m;&Sif&JU tBudrfBudrf wdkufwGef;awmfrlcsuf .......... 314


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum ] q q q q q

tcef; (6) ............................... 317

or*¾geH wayg okacg ........................ 317nDñGwfrIudk wGef;tm;ay;aewJh pGrf;tifrsm; ........... 317rnDñGwfrIudk wGef;tm;ay;aewJh w&m;qdk;rsm; ......... 320aumorÁDjynfu &[ef;awmfrsm; .................. 321nDñGwfaeolwdkY&JU nDñGwfaewJhusifhpOf .............. 325Oyuúdavow&m; (11)yg; ..................... 331ta&miftvif;ESifhwuG jzpfaom pdwf .............. 3331/ 0dpdudpäm = ,kHrSm;oHo,jzpfjcif; ............... 3372/ treodum& = ESvkH;roGif;jcif; ............... 3383/ xderd'¨ = pdwfapwodufawG&JU av;vHxdkif;rIdif;jcif; ... 3404/ qrÇdwwå = xdwfvefYjcif; = ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif; .... 3415/ OyÜdv = ay:ay:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm;

Munf&TifESpfoufrIyDwd jzpfay:vmjcif; ........... 3426/ 'k|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefrI = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;rI = udk,f&JUysif;&drI

= udk,f&JUavsmh&J&JjzpfaerI jzpfay:vmjcif; ......... 3447/ tpöm&'¨0D&d, = tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; ... 3458/ twdvDe0D&d, = tvGef avsmhvGef;aom 0D&d,&Sdjcif; .. 3479/ tbdZyÜ = tvGefvdkvm;awmifhwrI jzpfay:vmjcif; ... 348

10/ emewåonm = trsKd;rsKd;aom onm jzpfay:vmjcif; .. 35011/ twdedZÑm,dwwå = tvGef pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Munfh½Ijcif; ... 351a'oemawmfed*kH; ........................... 353okH;rsKd;aom orm"dudk yGm;rsm;awmfrlykH .............. 354bk&m;&Sif&JU avmukwå&mpsmefrsm; ................. 362ypöa0u©PmÓPfrsm; ........................ 364


Z Z Z Z Z ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

ysufpD;jcif; r&SdwJh t&[wåzdkvf0drkwåd ............... 365ygvdav,suawmtkyfodkY ...................... 366r[myk&do0dwuú ........................... 366t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwf t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrljcif;371

tcef; (7) ............................... 377

opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh .................... 377bk&m;tqlaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif ............. 3780dyóemydkif;ü qdkvdkwJh cPduorm"d .............. 381or®m'd|d opfyifBuD; ......................... 383oHCm&wem opfyifBuD; ...................... 386"r®um,cE¨mtdrfBuD;......................... 387t½IH;BuD; ½IH;oGm;Muolrsm; ...................... 391Mumyef;eJY yrmwlwJh bk&m;&Sif ................... 397r[ma*god*FtifMuif;awmBuD;udk wifhw,fapolrsm; ..... 402omoemawmfudk t&Snf cdkifchH wnfwhHapolrsm; ........ 411avmuBuD;[m &[EÅmyk*d¾KvfwdkYjzifh b,fawmhrS rqdwfokOf;Edkifyg 412bk&m;&Sif&JU OD;wnfcsuf ....................... 415

tcef; (8) ............................... 417

udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm; ...................... 4170eawm Zm,aw b,H = awmcsKHykwfaMumifh ab;'ku©trsKd;rsKd;

jzpfwwfygw,f ......................... 417tm'dwåy&d,m,okwf aumufEkwfcsuf.............. 419½lyg½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf .............. 419o'´g½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf ............. 422


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum ] ps ps ps ps ps

*E¨m½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf .............. 423&om½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf ............. 424rdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD; ......................... 428,kwfrmvSwJh &owPSm ...................... 431azm|AÁm½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf ........... 433"r®m½kHtay:rSm om,mwyfrufrItjypf .............. 435anmifndKyifpcef; vrf;qkHblwm½kH ................. 437

tcef; (9) ............................... 439

udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf ......... 439tm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhpOf................... 439½lyg½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf .............. 4401/ pu©K tedpöH = pu©Kudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg .......... 4412/ ½lyg tedpöm = ½lyg½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ......... 4443/ pu©K0dnmPH tedpöH = pu©K0dnmPfudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 4454/ pu©Koræaóm tedapöm = pu©Koræóudk tedpövdkY

ESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 4485/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 448o'´g½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf .............. 4501/ aomwH tedpöH = aomwudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg...... 4502/ o'´g tedpöm = o'´g½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ........ 4503/ aomw0dnmPH tedpöH = aomw0dnmPfudk tedpövdkY

ESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 4504/ aomworæaóm tedapöm = aomworæóudk tedpövdkY

ESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 4515/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 451


Ú Ú Ú Ú Ú ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

*E¨m½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf .............. 4511/ CmeH tedpöH = Cmeudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ......... 4512/ *E¨m tedpöm = *E¨m½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ........ 4523/ Cme0dnmPH tedpöH = Cme0dnmPfudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 4524/ Cmeoræaóm tedapöm = Cmeoræóudk tedpövdkY

ESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 4525/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 452&om½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf ............. 4531/ Zd0Sg tedpöm = Zd0Sgudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg .......... 4532/ &om tedpöm = &om½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ....... 4533/ Zd0Sg0dnmPH tedpöH = Zd0Sg0dnmPfudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 4534/ Zd0Sgoræaóm tedapöm = Zd0Sgoræóudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 4545/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 454azm|AÁm½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf ........... 4541/ uma,m tedapöm = um,udk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg .... 4542/ azm|AÁm tedpöm = azm|AÁm½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ... 4543/ um,0dnmPH tedpöH = um,0dnmPfudk tedpövdkY

ESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 4554/ um,oræaóm tedapöm = um,oræóudk tedpövdkY... 455ESvkH;oGif;yg .............................. 4555/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 455"r®m½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf .............. 4561/ raem tedapöm = raem'Gg&udk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg .... 4562/ "r®m tedpöm = "r®m½kHudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg ........ 457


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum ] # # # # #

3/ raem0dnmPH tedpöH = raem0dnmPfudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 457

4/ raemoræaóm tedapöm = raemoræóudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg ............................ 460

5/ wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH = a0'emudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg . 460a'oemawmfed*kH; ........................... 461emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfESifh ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf ............ 462t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf ...................... 4640drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg; ................... 466wpfenf; 0drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg; ............. 467rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; ................. 475


X X X X X ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

ed'geuxm

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'ó/

rGefjrwfaom rGefjrwfaom rGefjrwfaom rGefjrwfaom rGefjrwfaom tttttouf&Sifjouf&Sifjouf&Sifjouf&Sifjouf&Sifjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

a,m p 0óowH ZDa0? 'kóDavm torm[dawm?{um[H ZD0dwH aoa,sm? oDv0EÅó psm,daem/1

a,m p = tMuifyk*d¾Kvfonfum;/ 'kóDavm = udk,fusifhoDvr&SdygbJvsuf/ torm[dawm = Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom wnfMunfaom orm"d r&SdygbJvsuf/ 0óowH = ESpfaygif; (100) umvMumatmif/ ap ZDa0 = tu,fí touf&Sifum ae&apumrl/ wó =xdkyk*d¾Kvf\/ 0óowH = ESpfaygif; (100) umvMumatmif/ ZD0dwH =touf&Sifae&jcif;onfum;/ e aoa,sm = rjrwfonfomwnf;/wó 'kóDvó = xdkudk,fusifhoDv r&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\/ 0óowH= ESpfaygif; (100) umvMumatmif/ ZD0eawm = touf&Sifum ae&

1 ("r®y'?29/ *gxmeHygwf?110/)

] ! ! ! ! !

jcif;xuf/ oDv0EÅó = udk,fusifhoDvESifh jynfhpkHaom/ psm,daem =tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef[k ac:qdktyfaom ESpfrsKd;aom psmefwdkYudk 0ifpm;avh&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\/ {um[H = wpfaeYwpf&ufwpfeHeufrQ/ ZD0dwH = touf&Sifae&jcif;onfum;/ aoa,sm = omvGefí rGefjrwfvSygay\/

udk,fusifhoDvvnf; r&Sdaomç Oypm&psmeform"d tyÜempsmeform"dqdkonfh ESpfrsKd;aom orm"dwdkYwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom orm"djzifhpdwfwnfMunfrI orm"dvnf; r&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\ ESpfaygif; (100) umvMumatmif touf&Sifae&jcif;onfum; rjrwfaom touf&Sifaejcif;om jzpfygonf/ þuJhodkY udk,fusifhoDv r&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\ ESpfaygif;(100) umvMumatmif touf&Sifae&jcif;xuf udk,fusifhoDvESifhvnf; jynfhpkHaomç tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmefqdkonfhESpfrsKd;aom psmefawGudkvnf; 0ifpm;aeavh&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\ wpfaeYwpf&uf wpfeHeufrQ touf&Sifae&jcif;onfum; omvGefí rGefjrwfvSygayonf/1

þuJhodkY "r®y' a'oemawmfjrwfü bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; w&m;bm0emudk avhvmvdkufpm;aeawmfrlMuonfh olawmfaumif;wdkY\ oEÅmefü udk,fusifhoDvawGESihf jynfhpkHvmEdkifa&;twGufvnf; tcgtcGifhoifhvQif oifhovdk tqkH;tr Mo0g'pum;rsm;udk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfum xyfum ay;cJhzl;ygonf/ tvm;wlyiftm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmefqdkonfh ESpfrsKd;aom psmefawGudk 0ifpm;Edkifa&;twGufvnf; ]r*¾} ac:onfhh vrf;rSefESifh ]ukr®*¾} ac:qdkonfh vrf;rSm;udk cGJjcm;pdwfjzmod&SdEdkif&ef &nfoefawmifhwum tcgtcGifhoifhvQif oifhovdk tqkH;tr Mo0g'pum;rsm;udkvnf; ay;cJhzl;ygonf/

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

tttttm&r®PlyedZÑmem&r®PlyedZÑmem&r®PlyedZÑmem&r®PlyedZÑmem&r®PlyedZÑmepppppsmef vu©PlyedZÑmesmef vu©PlyedZÑmesmef vu©PlyedZÑmesmef vu©PlyedZÑmesmef vu©PlyedZÑmepppppsmefsmefsmefsmefsmef

þae&mwGif t|omvdeDt|uxmu2 tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmefESifhvu©PlyedZÑmepsmefwdkYudk þuJhodkY &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;\/

psmeEÅdEÅdEÅdEÅdEÅd 'k0d"H'k0d"H'k0d"H'k0d"H'k0d"H psmeH psmeH psmeH psmeH psmeH ----------- - - - - tm&r®PlyedZÑmeHtm&r®PlyedZÑmeHtm&r®PlyedZÑmeHtm&r®PlyedZÑmeHtm&r®PlyedZÑmeH vu©PlyedZÑmeEdÅ/vu©PlyedZÑmeEdÅ/vu©PlyedZÑmeEdÅ/vu©PlyedZÑmeEdÅ/vu©PlyedZÑmeEdÅ/ww¬ t| ormywåda,m yx0duodPm'dtm&r®PH OyedZÑm,EÅDwdww¬ t| ormywåda,m yx0duodPm'dtm&r®PH OyedZÑm,EÅDwdww¬ t| ormywåda,m yx0duodPm'dtm&r®PH OyedZÑm,EÅDwdww¬ t| ormywåda,m yx0duodPm'dtm&r®PH OyedZÑm,EÅDwdww¬ t| ormywåda,m yx0duodPm'dtm&r®PH OyedZÑm,EÅDwd]]tm&r®PlyedZÑme}}EÅd ocøs *wm/ 0dyóemr*¾zvmed ye vu©Ply-]]tm&r®PlyedZÑme}}EÅd ocøs *wm/ 0dyóemr*¾zvmed ye vu©Ply-]]tm&r®PlyedZÑme}}EÅd ocøs *wm/ 0dyóemr*¾zvmed ye vu©Ply-]]tm&r®PlyedZÑme}}EÅd ocøs *wm/ 0dyóemr*¾zvmed ye vu©Ply-]]tm&r®PlyedZÑme}}EÅd ocøs *wm/ 0dyóemr*¾zvmed ye vu©Ply-edZÑmeH emr/ ww¬ 0dyóem tedpöm'dvu©Pó OyedZÑmeawmedZÑmeH emr/ ww¬ 0dyóem tedpöm'dvu©Pó OyedZÑmeawmedZÑmeH emr/ ww¬ 0dyóem tedpöm'dvu©Pó OyedZÑmeawmedZÑmeH emr/ ww¬ 0dyóem tedpöm'dvu©Pó OyedZÑmeawmedZÑmeH emr/ ww¬ 0dyóem tedpöm'dvu©Pó OyedZÑmeawmvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ 0dyóem, uwudpöó ra*¾e £ZÑeawm ra*¾gvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ 0dyóem, uwudpöó ra*¾e £ZÑeawm ra*¾gvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ 0dyóem, uwudpöó ra*¾e £ZÑeawm ra*¾gvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ 0dyóem, uwudpöó ra*¾e £ZÑeawm ra*¾gvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ 0dyóem, uwudpöó ra*¾e £ZÑeawm ra*¾gvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ zvH ye eda&m"opHö wxvu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwdvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ zvH ye eda&m"opHö wxvu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwdvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ zvH ye eda&m"opHö wxvu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwdvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ zvH ye eda&m"opHö wxvu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwdvu©PlyedZÑmeH/ zvH ye eda&m"opHö wxvu©PH OyedZÑm,wDwdvu©PlyedZÑmeH emr/vu©PlyedZÑmeH emr/vu©PlyedZÑmeH emr/vu©PlyedZÑmeH emr/vu©PlyedZÑmeH emr/2

psmef[lonf tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef[k psmef(2)rsKd; &Sd\/ xdk (2)rsKd;wdkYwGif avmuDpsmeformywf (8)yg;wdkYudk --yx0DuodkPf;paom orxedrdwftm½kHudk uyfí pdkufpdkufpl;pl; ½IwwfukefaomaMumifh tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmeftm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmeftm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmeftm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmeftm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef [lí ac:qdk\/ 0dyóemÓPfr*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfwdkYonf vu©PlyedZÑmepsmefvu©PlyedZÑmepsmefvu©PlyedZÑmepsmefvu©PlyedZÑmepsmefvu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\/ xdkwGif 0dyó-emÓPfonf ocFg&w&m;wdkY\ tedpöpaom vu©Pmudk uyfí pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½IwwfaomaMumifh vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\/ 0dyóem-ÓPf\ jyKoifhjyKxdkufaom ocFg&w&m;wdkY\ tedpöpaom vu©Pmudkpl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½Ijcif;vkyfief;udpö\ r*fÓPfaMumifh NyD;pD;jynhfpkHvm&um;r*fÓPfonf vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\/ t&d,r*fw&m;onftocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;\ tm&r®Pypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;jyKay;rI owådt&Sdeft0gudk &&Sdojzifh ocFg&w&m;wdkY\tedpöpaom vu©Pmudk rodatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfaom arm[udk

2 (tbd?|?1?211/)

ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ] P P P P P

t<uif;rJh y,fowfvdkuf\/ rodrIudk y,fowfvdkufojzifh odrIonfNyD;pD; jynhfpkHoGm;\/ þodkY NyD;pD; jynhfpkHjcif;udk udpöod'¨dtm;jzifh NyD;pD;jynhfpkHjcif;[k qdk\/ xdkaMumifh t&d,r*fw&m;onf udpöod'¨dtm;jzifhvu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\[k qdkvdkygonf/ t&d,zdkvfw&m;onfum;eda&m"opömtrnf&aom tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwf\ [kwfrSefwdkif;aom oEÅdvu©Pmudk uyfí pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½IwwfaomaMumifh vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef rnf\/2

þuJhodkYaom tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmefESifh vu©PlyedZÑmepsmefwdkYudkrsufarSmufacwfwGif w&m;bm0emudk avhvmvdkufpm;aeMuukefaomolawmfpifwdkYudkvnf; 0ifpm;um aexdkifapvdkaom OD;wnfcsufjzifh]r*¾} ac:onfhh vrf;rSefESifh ]ukr®*¾} ac:qdkonfh vrf;rSm;udk cGJjcm;umtcgtcGifhoifhvQif oifhovdk &Sif;vif;wifjyay;cJhygonf/ tm;ay;pum;wkdufwGef;pum;awGudkvnf; tBudrfrsm;pGm ajyma[may;cJh&ygonf/

þuJhodkY tqkH;tray;xm;aom w&m;pum;rsm; a[mMum;ay;xm;aom w&m;pum;rsm;udk em,l&aom a,m*DolawmfpiftcsKdUawGupmtkyfpmwrf;tjzpf rSwfwrf;wifxm;onfudk zwf½IvdkygaMumif; wifjyavQmufxm;vmMuygonf/ þuJhodkY wifjyavQmufxm;vmMuonfhtwGuf oifhawmfaom Mo0g'pum;rsm;ESifh oifhawmfaom a[mMum;xm;onfh w&m;pum;rsm;udk aygif;pkum oifhavsmfaom tpDtpOfjzifh]r*¾} ac:onfh vrf;rSefESifh ]ukr®*¾} ac:qdkonfh vrf;rSm;udk cGJjcm;od&SdEdkifa&;twGuf &nf&G,fawmifhwum ]]awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg?opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh}} ..qdkonfh þusrf;pmi,fudk a&;om;jyKpkay;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfygonf/

w w w w w ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

þusrf;pmi,fü vrf;rSm;ESifh vrf;rSefudkom OD;pm;ay;um &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;onfhtwGuf usifhpOft&yf&yfudkum; tao;pdwf azmfjyxm;rIr&Sdyg/ orxydkif;qdkif&musifhpOfrsm; 0dyóemydkif;qdkif&musifhpOfrsm;udkedAÁme*grdedy#dy'g trnf&Sdonfh usrf;pmBuD; (5)wGJESifh usrf;pmi,f (9)wGJwdkYwGif jynfhjynfhpkHpkH azmfjyxm;NyD;onfhtwGufaMumifh jzpfygonf/xdkaMumifh orxydkif;qdkif&musifhpOfESifh 0dyóemydkif;qdkif&musifhpOfwdkYudkjynfhjynfhpkHpkH od&Sdvdkygu xdkusrf;pmrsm;ü Munfh½IMuygukef/

þusrf;pmi,fudk zwf½IaeMuukefaom olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkYonfvnf; bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif pdkufysKd;wnfaxmifxm;awmfrlcJhonfh omoemhtifMuif;awmO,smOfBuD;twGif;ü at;jronfht&dyftm0go &SdaeMuonfh omoemhtifMuif;yifBuD;wdkY\ t&dyfudkckdvIHum tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef vu©PlyedZÑmepsmefwdkYudk atmifatmifjrifjrif 0ifpm;EdkifMuonfh olawmfaumif; oljrwfavmif;rsm; jzpfMuygapaom0f ...

tmoDoyw¬emjzifh jzefYMuufvsuf ...

ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ed'geuxm ] x x x x x

zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf

1371-ck? uqkefvjynfh? Ak'aeY

8.5.2009

awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg ] 1 1 1 1 1

yPmr 0E´em

r*¾*Fem0H rked'u©em0daum?r*¾*Fem0H rked'u©em0daum?r*¾*Fem0H rked'u©em0daum?r*¾*Fem0H rked'u©em0daum?r*¾*Fem0H rked'u©em0daum?þ[mzd,H ÓPua&e *g[aum/þ[mzd,H ÓPua&e *g[aum/þ[mzd,H ÓPua&e *g[aum/þ[mzd,H ÓPua&e *g[aum/þ[mzd,H ÓPua&e *g[aum/tm½k,S a,m wm, A[l b0PÖ0g?tm½k,S a,m wm, A[l b0PÖ0g?tm½k,S a,m wm, A[l b0PÖ0g?tm½k,S a,m wm, A[l b0PÖ0g?tm½k,S a,m wm, A[l b0PÖ0g?wma&od wH Ak'¨rCyÜ[H ear/wma&od wH Ak'¨rCyÜ[H ear/wma&od wH Ak'¨rCyÜ[H ear/wma&od wH Ak'¨rCyÜ[H ear/wma&od wH Ak'¨rCyÜ[H ear/3

þ[mzd,H þ[mzd,H þ[mzd,H þ[mzd,H þ[mzd,H ===== 0D&d,wnf;[laom wufrudk/

ÓPua&e ÓPua&e ÓPua&e ÓPua&e ÓPua&e ===== oAÁnKwÓPfawmfjrwfwnf;[laom vufawmfjzifh/

*g[aum *g[aum *g[aum *g[aum *g[aum ===== jrJjrHpGm udkifpGJxm;awmfrlaom/

a,m rked'u©em0daum a,m rked'u©em0daum a,m rked'u©em0daum a,m rked'u©em0daum a,m rked'u©em0daum ===== tMuif rkedxGwfxm; jrwfpGmbk&m;wnf;[laom vdr®mvSpGmaom oabFmavSrSL;onf/

r*¾*Fem0H r*¾*Fem0H r*¾*Fem0H r*¾*Fem0H r*¾*Fem0H ===== r*¾if&Spfyg; tusifhjrwfw&m;wnf;[laom oabFmavSxufodkY/

tm½k,S tm½k,S tm½k,S tm½k,S tm½k,S ===== wufpD;awmfrlNyD;í/

3 (r[meruúm&ygVd? *gxmeHygwf-10/)

2 2 2 2 2 ] awmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifhawmudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg? opfyifudkawmh rckwfvJSygESifh

wm, wm, wm, wm, wm, = = = = = xdkr*¾if&Spfyg; tusifhjrwfw&m;wnf;[laom oabFmavSjzifh/

A[l A[l A[l A[l A[l ===== uRwfxdkufool ewf vl jA[®m a0ae,srsm;pGm owå0gwdkYudk/

b0PÖ0g b0PÖ0g b0PÖ0g b0PÖ0g b0PÖ0g ===== ul;cwfvGefajrmufzdkY&ef tvGef cJ,Of;vSpGmaomç tajym-us,fonfh b0okH;jzm yifv,fr[mork'´&mrS/

wma&od wma&od wma&od wma&od wma&od ===== edAÁmefwnf;[laom xdkrSmbufurf;odkY a&mufatmifxkwfaqmif u,fwifawmfrlcJhavNyD/

tCyÜ[HtCyÜ[HtCyÜ[HtCyÜ[HtCyÜ[H = = = = = ajymxlrsm;pGm owå0gwdkY\ udavom0#fqif;&J oHo&m0#fqif;&Judk tjrpf r<uif;atmif y,f&Sif;ay;awmfrlwwfxaom/

Ak'H Ak'H Ak'H Ak'H Ak'H ===== opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfudk udk,fawmfwdkif xGif;azmuf odjrifawmfrlNyD;onfjzpfí uRwfxdkufool ewfvljA[®m a0ae,sMum owå0g-wdkYudkvnf; xGif;azmuf odjrifapawmfrlwwfxaom/

wH rked'uHwH rked'uHwH rked'uHwH rked'uHwH rked'uH©© ©© © ===== xdk rkedxGwfxm; jrwfpGmbk&m;wnf;[laom vdr®mvSpGmaom oabFmavSrSL;udk/

t[H t[H t[H t[H t[H ===== w&m;a[m w&m;em[k ac:qdkorkwftyfaom wynfhawmfonf/

ear ear ear ear ear ===== ermrd ermrd ermrd ermrd ermrd = = = = = um, 0pD raemcsDvsuf tÍÆvD½dkusKd; vufq,fjzmxdyfrSmrdk;í &dScdk;OD;ñTwfyg\ jrwfpGmbk&m; ../3

om"k om"k om"k

d d d d


tcef; (1)

0eH qdE´x = awmudkom &Sif;vif;yg

0eH qdE´x rm ½ku©H? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eH qdE´x rm ½ku©H? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eH qdE´x rm ½ku©H? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eH qdE´x rm ½ku©H? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eH qdE´x rm ½ku©H? 0eawm Zm,aw b,H/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/4

'D*gxmudk vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif; (2500)ausmfu aZw0efausmif;wdkufawmfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m; oDwif;okH;pHaeawmfrlpOf oufawmf&G,fawmf BuD;&ifhrS &Sif&[ef;jyKawmfrlvmMuwJh &[ef;awmfBuD;rsm;udktaMumif;jyKNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwJh *gxma'oemawmfwpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Da'oemawmfjrwf[m ,aeY w&m;em,laeMuwJh tcsKdUaom &[ef;a,m*DawG &SifomraPa,m*DawGoDv&Sifa,m*DawG trsKd;om;a,m*DawG trsKd;orD;a,m*DawGeJYawmhtH0ifcGifus jzpfaeykH&ygw,f/ 'D*gxma'oemawmf&JU t"dyÜm,fudkemMum;MunfhMu&atmif ../

4 ("r®y'?54/ *gxmeHygwf?283/)


bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g = &[ef;awmfrsm; tdk cspfom;wkdY .../ 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH = awmcsKHudk/qdExqdExqdExqdExqdEx = &Sif;vif;Mu jzwfawmufMuygukefavmh/ ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H = opfyifudk/ rmrmrmrmrmqdEx qdEx qdEx qdEx qdEx = rckwfvSJMuygukefvifh/

]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ...awmcsKHudkawmh &Sif;vif;Mu jzwfawmufMuyg/ odkYr[kwf ckwfxGifMuyg &Sif;vif;Muyg/ odkYaomf opfyifudkawmhrckwfvSJMuygeJY ..}}wJh/

b,fhES,fwkH; w&m;emy&dowfawG em;vnfMuovm;¿ ]]awmcsKHudkawmh &Sif;vif;yg/ opfyifawmh rckwfvSJygeJY}}wJh/ em;vnfMuovm;¿aemufwpfck --- jrwfpGmbk&m; qufvufNyD; a[mMum;awmfrljyefw,f/

0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eawm Zm,aw b,H/0eawm Zm,aw b,H/4

0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm = awmcsKHaMumifh/ b,H b,H b,H b,H b,H = ab;'ku© trsKd;rsKd;onf/Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw = jzpfay:í vmwwfay\/

awmcsKHykwfudk bmaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu t&Sif;ckdif;awmfrl&ovJ¿awmcsKHykwfaMumifh ab;'ku©trsKd;rsKd; jzpfay:vmEdkifw,fwJh ../'gaMumifh awmcsKHykwfudkawmh &Sif;yg/ opfyifudkawmh rckwfvSJygeJYwJh/em;vnfMuovm;¿ aemufwpfck --- qufvufNyD; a[mMum;awmfrljyefw,f ../

aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/4

bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g = &[ef;awmfrsm; tdk cspfom;wkdY .../ 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö = awmcsKHudkvnf;aumif;/ 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö = awmcsKHrS jzpfay:vmwJh tqG,ftyGm; opfyif-i,f csKHEG,f ydwfaygif;udkvnf;aumif;/ aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm = jzwfawmufEdkifMuukefonfjzpfí/ edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem = tylrD; Nidrf;at;Muukefonf/ a[mxa[mxa[mxa[mxa[mx = jzpfMuygukefavmh/


awmcsKHudkvnf; jzwfawmufypfyg &Sif;vif;yg/ tJ'DawmcsKHuxyfqifh jzpfay:vmwJh tqG,ftyGm;uav;awG &SdMuw,f/ tJ'D tqG,ftyGm;uav;awGudkvnf; jzwfawmufypfyg &Sif;vif;yg/ tJ'Dvdkjzwfawmufypfrnf &Sif;vif;ypfrnfqkdvkdY&Sd&ifawmh tylrD;awG Nidrf;at;oGm;Muygvdrfhrnf .. qdkNyD;awmh 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;jyoqdkqkH;rawmfrlcJhygw,f/ b,fvdktaMumif;aMumifh bk&m;&Sifu ,ckvdka[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rawmfrl&ygovJ¿ taMumif;&if; ed'gef;uawmh'Dvdkyg ../5

yyyyypöpöpöpöpöKyÜefKyÜefKyÜefKyÜefKyÜefZZZZZmwfmwfmwfmwfmwfaaaaaMumif;0Mumif;0Mumif;0Mumif;0Mumif;0w¬w¬w¬w¬w¬KKKKK

wpfcsdefrSm .. bkef;BuD;wdkY&JU q&mwpfql jzpfawmfrlwJh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;[m om0wd¬jynfrGef aZw0efausmif;wdkufawmfrSmoDwif;okH;pHaeawmfrlcJhygw,f/ om0wd¬rSmvnf; <u,f0csrf;omMuwJhaumif;rIukodkvf twljyKbufjzpfMuwJh cifrif&if;ESD;MuwJh trsKd;aumif;-om; rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;ig;OD;wdkY &Sd Muw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JUxHawmf-arSmufrSm oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rS xGufajrmufaMumif;jzpfwJh ed,smeduw&m;aumif;wdkYudk emMum;cGifh &&SdMuwJhtcg olwdkYwpfawG[m owdoHa0*awG &&SdoGm;MuwJhtwGuf ]]igwdkYwpfawG[m touft&G,fBuD;&ifhMuukefNyD jzpfMuw,f? wdkYwpfawG tdrf&mwnfaxmif vlUabmifrSmaexdkifMujcif;jzifh bmtusKd;&SdEdkifMuawmhrSmvJ ..? tdrf&mwnfaxmifvlUabmifudk pGefYcGmNyD;awmh tdrf&mraxmifwJh &[ef;abmifodkY 0ifa&mufum &Sif&[ef;jyKNyD; oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udkwdkYBudK;pm;tm;xkwfMupdkY}}[k --- 'Dvkd tnDtñGwf wkdifyifMuw,f/wkdifyifvkdufwJhtcg tm;vkH; oabmwlnDrIvnf; &&SdoGm;Muw,f?&SdaeMuwJh pnf;pdrfOpömESpfawGudk om;r,m;wdkYtm; tyfESif;NyD;awmh

5 ("r®y'?|?2?264-266/)


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'ku©odkY a&muf&SdMujcif; jzpfw,f/ xdk&m* a'go arm[wnf;[laomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;jzwfawmufzdkY&ef oifhwifhvSayw,f/ 'DvdkjzwfawmufEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQif oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawG[m qif;&J'ku© r&Sdcsrf;omtwd NyD;jynfhpkHMurSm jzpfMuygw,f/}} 7

'Dvdk qdkqkH;rawmfrlNyD;aemuf jrwfpGmbk&m;u w&m;ed'gef;rSmtpysKd;cJhwJh 'D*gxma'oemudk a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f/ xyfNyD;emMum;MunfhMu&atmif ../

udududududaaaaavom vom vom vom vom aaaaawmwmwmwmwmcccccsKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh tqtqtqtqtq G,fG,fG,fG,fG,ftttttyGm;yGm;yGm;yGm;yGm;rrrrrsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muygsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muygsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muygsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muygsm;udk &Sif;vif;Muyg


bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g = &[ef;awmfrsm; tdk cspfom;wkdY ... / 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH = awmcsKHudk/qdExqdExqdExqdExqdEx = &Sif;vif;Mu jzwfawmufMuygukefavmh/ ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H ½ku©H = opfyifudk/ rmrmrmrmrmqdEx qdEx qdEx qdEx qdEx = rckwfvSJMuygukefvifh/ 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm = awmcsKHaMumifh/ b,H b,H b,H b,H b,H =ab;'ku© trsKd;rsKd;onf/ Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw Zm,aw = jzpfay:í vmwwfay\/ 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö =awmcsKHudkvnf;aumif;/ 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö = awmcsKHrS jzpfay:vmwJh tqG,ftyGm;opfyifi,f csKHEG,f ydwfaygif;udkvnf;aumif;/ aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm aqwGm = jzwfawmufEdkifMuukefonfjzpfí/ edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem = tylrD; Nidrf;at;Muukefonf/ a[mxa[mxa[mxa[mxa[mx =jzpfMuygukefavmh/

bk&m;&Sifu 'Dw&m;awmfudk a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rawmfrlvdkufawmh touft&G,f BuD;&ifhrS &Sif&[ef;jyKvmMuwJh udk,fawmfBuD;awGu]bk&m;&Sifu wdkYudkawmh awmt&Sif;ckdif;aeNyD? wkdYawmh aygufwl;awGwl&Gif;awG oGm;&Sm&awmhrnf} 'Dvkd em;vnfoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'Dvkd

7 bdu©a0 &m*a'goarm[0eH edóm, wkarS[d £'H 'ku©H ywåH? wH 0eHqdEdwkH 0¥wd? {0H ed'´Ku©m b0dóx/ ("r®y'?|?2?265/)


em;vnfMuwJhtwGuf igbk&m;&Sif qkdvkdwJh awmu bmvJ ..qkdwmukdod&SdoGm;atmif jrwfpGmbk&m;u qufvufNyD; a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rawmfrlygw,f/

udududududaaaaavom vom vom vom vom aaaaawmwmwmwmwmcccccsKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh sKHykwfESifh tqtqtqtqtqG,fG,fG,fG,fG,ftttttyGm;yGm;yGm;yGm;yGm;rrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

'Dae&mrSm qkdvkdwmu udavomawGudk bk&m;&Sifu awmcsKHeJYOyrm ay;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ udavomawGu q,frsKd; &Sdaew,f/

1/ avmb (= &m*) = qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq; pwJh ouf&SdoufrJhtm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYtay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmrIoabm?

2/ a'go = ouf&SdoufrJh tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYtay:rSm pdwf"mwfcufxefMurf;wrf;rI zsufqD;vdkrIoabm?

3/ arm[ = ½kyfemrfy&rwfodk Y qdkufatmif rodbJ tay:,HynwfrSmom aomifwifum a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0gponfjzifh todrSm;rIoabm?

4/ rme = pdwf"mwf wuf<ujrifharmufrIoabmç tay:pD;u tjrJwrf; aevdkrIoabmç tnhHrcHvdkwJhoabm?

5/ 'd|d = t,lrSm;rIç ig olwpfyg; a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g vlewf jA[®m toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twå-aumif wu,fxif&Sm; &Sdw,fvdkY pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI t,lrSm;rIoabmç uH-uH&JUtusKd;w&m; r&Sdbl;vdkY pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI ponfjzifht,lrSm;rItrsKd;rsKd;?

6/ 0dpdudpäm = &wemokH;wef uH-uH&JUtusKd;w&m; ponfwdkYtay:rSm,kHrSm;oHo,&SdrIoabm?

7/ xde (rd'¨) = orx 0dyóem pwJh ukodkvfa&;vkyfief;awGrSmpdwf"mwf wufwuf<u<u xufxufoefoef r&SdbJ pdwf"mwf


aysmhnHhaerI wGefYqkwfaerI ysif;&daerI av;vHxdkif;rIdif;rIoabm?

8/ O'pö = orx 0dyóem pwJh ukodkvfa&;qdkif&m tm½kHwdkYtay:rSmpdwf"mwf Nidrf0yfwnfMunfrI r&SdbJ jyifytm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYtay:rSmpdwf"mwf ysHUvGifhaerIoabm?

9/ t[d&du = tukodkvfw&m;awG jzpf&rSmudk r&SufrIç 'kp½kdufrItrsKd;rsKd;awGudk vGefusL;&rSmudk r&SufrIoabm?

10/ taemwåyÜ = tukodkvfw&m;awG jzpf&rSmudk raMumufrIç 'kp½kdufrItrsKd;rsKd;awGudk vGefusL;&rSmudk raMumufvefYrIoabm ---

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh udavom q,frsKd;udavom q,frsKd;udavom q,frsKd;udavom q,frsKd;udavom q,frsKd;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

'Dudavom q,frsKd;xJrSm ]avmb a'go arm[} -- 'DudavomokH;rsKd;udkawmh 0e (= awmcsKHykwf)qdkwJh trnfeJY bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ usefudavom (7)rsKd;eJY razmfjy&ao;wJh tukodkvfw&m;trsKd;rsKd;awGudkawmh 0ex = awmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm; csKHEG,fydwfaygif; opfyifi,frsm;tjzpf wifpm;um a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

aemufwpfenf; t|uxmu zGifhqdkxm;wmuawmh --- tyg,fav;bkHodkY a&mufapaMumif;jzpfMuwJhç tyg,fav;bkHrSm y#doaE¨wnfae&aMumif;jzpfMuwJh pGrf;tif tvGefYtvGef BuD;rm;MuwJhudavomawGudk 0e0e0e0e0e (= udavomawmcsKHykwf)vdkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ tyg,fav;bkHESifhwuG vlUbkH ewfbkHawGrSm y#doaE¨ESifhpkwdtMum; wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh arG;jcif;ESifh aojcif;tMum; ]y0wåd}vdkY ac:qdkwJh b0wpfavQmufrSm raumif;wJh qif;&JwJh tusKd;trsKd;rsKd;udk ay;jcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifwJh udavomawGudkawmh 0ex0ex0ex0ex0ex (= udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm; csKHEG,fydwfaygif; opfyifi,frsm;)tjzpfwifpm;um a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh


a&S;OD;tpjzpfay:aeMuwJh udavomawGudkawmh 0e0e0e0e0e (= udavomawmcsKHykwf)ç aemufydkif;umv xyfum xyfum jzpfay:aewJh udavomawGudkawmh 0ex 0ex 0ex 0ex 0ex (= udavomawmcsKHykwf&JUtqG,ftyGm; udavomawG)vdkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/8

xyfxyfxyfxyfxyfrrrrr H&Sif;vif;H&Sif;vif;H&Sif;vif;H&Sif;vif;H&Sif;vif;cccccsufsufsufsufsuf

xyfNyD;awmh &Sif;jyOD;rnf/ ]avmb a'go arm[} -- 'Dudavom(3)rsKd;uawmh tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkY&JU tajccHtaMumif; t&if;tjrpf (a[wkypönf;)jzpfwJhtwGuf awmcsKHykwfBuD;toGif wifpm;uma[mMum;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ avmb a'go arm[ -- 'Dw&m;(3)rsKd;xJrSmvnf; arm[u ydkNyD; tajccH taMumif;&if; usygw,f/'Darm[udkyJ t0dZÆmqdkwJh trnfwpfrsKd;eJYvnf; bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ t0dZÆmqdkwJh pum;vkH;&JU t"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfatmifxyfNyD; &Sif;vif;Mu&atmif ../

ttttt0d0d0d0d0dZÆZÆZÆZÆZÆmmmmmqqqqq dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿

]] ]t0dZÆm t0dZÆm}wd baEÅ 0kpöwd/ uwrm Ek acg baEÅ t0dZÆmç]] ]t0dZÆm t0dZÆm}wd baEÅ 0kpöwd/ uwrm Ek acg baEÅ t0dZÆmç]] ]t0dZÆm t0dZÆm}wd baEÅ 0kpöwd/ uwrm Ek acg baEÅ t0dZÆmç]] ]t0dZÆm t0dZÆm}wd baEÅ 0kpöwd/ uwrm Ek acg baEÅ t0dZÆmç]] ]t0dZÆm t0dZÆm}wd baEÅ 0kpöwd/ uwrm Ek acg baEÅ t0dZÆmçudwåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd¿ ]]£" bdu©K tókw0gudwåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd¿ ]]£" bdu©K tókw0gudwåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd¿ ]]£" bdu©K tókw0gudwåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd¿ ]]£" bdu©K tókw0gudwåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd¿ ]]£" bdu©K tókw0gykxkZÆaem ½lyH eyÜZmemwd? ½lyork',H eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"HykxkZÆaem ½lyH eyÜZmemwd? ½lyork',H eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"HykxkZÆaem ½lyH eyÜZmemwd? ½lyork',H eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"HykxkZÆaem ½lyH eyÜZmemwd? ½lyork',H eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"HykxkZÆaem ½lyH eyÜZmemwd? ½lyork',H eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"HeyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ a0'eH eyÜZmemwd/eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ a0'eH eyÜZmemwd/eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ a0'eH eyÜZmemwd/eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ a0'eH eyÜZmemwd/eyÜZmemwd? ½lyeda&m"*grdeð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ a0'eH eyÜZmemwd/onH/ ocFga& eyÜZmemwd/ y/ 0dnmPeda&m"*grdonH/ ocFga& eyÜZmemwd/ y/ 0dnmPeda&m"*grdonH/ ocFga& eyÜZmemwd/ y/ 0dnmPeda&m"*grdonH/ ocFga& eyÜZmemwd/ y/ 0dnmPeda&m"*grdonH/ ocFga& eyÜZmemwd/ y/ 0dnmPeda&m"*grdeeeee ð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/ð y#dy'H eyÜZmemwd/t,H 0kpöwd bdu©K t0dZÆm/ {wåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd/t,H 0kpöwd bdu©K t0dZÆm/ {wåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd/t,H 0kpöwd bdu©K t0dZÆm/ {wåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd/t,H 0kpöwd bdu©K t0dZÆm/ {wåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd/t,H 0kpöwd bdu©K t0dZÆm/ {wåm0wm p t0dZÆm*awm a[mwD}}wd/9

8 {0ar0 r[EÅr[EÅm b0gu¹eum udavom 0eH emr? y0wåd,H0dygu'g,um 0exm emr/ ykAÁyÜwådum 0eH emr? ty&my½kyÜwådum0exm emr/ ("r®y'?|?2?265/)

9 (oH?2?132/ t0dZÆmokwf)


wpfcsdefrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;u bk&m;&SifxHawmfodkY csOf;uyfNyD;awmh 'Dvdk avQmufxm;ar;jref;awmfrlw,f --- ]]jrwfpGmbk&m; ...t0dZÆm t0dZÆmvdkY ajymqdkaeygw,f jrwfpGmbk&m;? tb,fudk t0dZÆmvdkYac:qdkygovJ jrwfpGmbk&m;¿ tb,frQaom twdkif;t&Snfjzifh t0dZÆmodkYqdkufa&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygovJ jrwfpGmbk&m;¿}}.. 'Dvdk oluar;jref;avQmufxm;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk ar;jref;avQmufxm;wJhtcgrSmjrwfpGmbk&m;u 'Dvdk tajzay;awmfrlygw,f ../

cspfom;&[ef; ... igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm oifod(= y&d,wådtod)ç usifhod (= y#da0"tod)10vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh todESpfrsKd;jzifh tMum;+tjrif = A[kókwr&SdwJh ykxkZefwpfOD;[m ---

1/ ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfvdkY ac:qdkwJh cE¨mig;yg; 'ku©-opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm rodjcif;?

2/ 'D'ku©opömw&m;udk jzpfay:apwwfwJh taMumif;&if; ork',-opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm rodjcif;?

3/ 'D'ku©opömw&m;&JU csKyfNidrf;&m eda&m"opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm rodjcif;?

4/ 'D'ku©opömw&m;&JU csKyfNidrf;&m eda&m"opömodkY qdkufa&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾if (8)yg; = r*¾opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGmrodjcif; ---

'Dvdk rodjcif;rsKd;udk t0dZÆmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk rodjcif;rsKd;odkYqdkufa&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvfudk t0dZÆmodkY qdkufa&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvfvdkYac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu rdefYMum;awmfrlvkdufygw,f/

10 (ty'ge?|?1?264/)


'Dvdk bk&m;&Sif&JU &Sif;vif;a[mMum;awmfrlcsufudk tajcwnfumoar®m[0daem'eDESifh 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmwdkYu t0dZÆmqdkwJh pum;vkH;&JUt"dyÜm,fudk 'Dvdk xyfqifhNyD;awmh &Sif;vif; wifjyxm;awmfrljyefw,f/

y&rw¬tm;jzifh wu,fxif&Sm;&SdaewJh odoifhodxdkufwJh cEmig;yg;'ku©opömw&m;pwJh opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYü wu,frodbJ ..½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;vdkY rodbJç taMumif;w&m; tusKd;w&m;vdkY rodbJçtedpöw&m;tpktykH 'ku©w&m;tpktykH tewåw&m;tpktykHvdkY rodbJajymif;jyefvSefum a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g vl ewf jA[®mponfjzifh todrSm;aerIoabmç ,if;cEmig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;awGxJucEmwpfyg;yg;udk odkYr[kwf cEmtrsm;pkudk toufaumif vdyfjymaumif0dnmPfaumif twåaumifvdkY todrSm;aerIoabmudk t0dZÆmvdYk ac:qdkaMumif; &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygw,f/11

ttttt0d0d0d0d0dZÆZÆZÆZÆZÆmmmmmaaaaaemufodkY emufodkY emufodkY emufodkY emufodkY tptptptptpOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufaaaaaewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh tttttukodkvfw&m;ukodkvfw&m;ukodkvfw&m;ukodkvfw&m;ukodkvfw&m;qqqqq dk;dk;dk;dk;dk;rrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

]t0dZÆm = arm[}uawmh tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkY&JU a&SUoGm;acgif;aqmifBuD; wpfOD; jzpfw,f/ ,if;t0dZÆmodkY qdkufa&mufaewJhyk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm ,if; todrSm;rI ]t0dZÆm = arm[}udk tajcwnfum'kp½kdufw&m;wdkYudk vGefusL;&rSmudkç tukodkvfw&m;awG pdwftpOfrSmjzpfay:vm&rSmudk r&SufrI (= t[d&du)ç raMumufvefYrI (= taemwåyÜ)'Dw&m;ESpfyg;[mvnf; t0dZÆmaemufodkY tpOfvdkufum jzpfay:vmwwfMujyefw,f/ 'gwGifyJvm;qdkawmh ruao;bl;? trsm;BuD; &Sdaeao;w,f/ bmawGvJ ..¿

,if;t0dZÆmodkY qdkufa&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm a,mufsm; rdef;ryk*¾dKvf owå0g vl ewf jA[®m ponfjzifh todrSm;aerIoabmç11 y&rw¬awm t0dZÆrmaeok £w¬dyk&dom'Dok Z0wd? 0dZÆrmaeokyd cEm'Dok

e Z0wDwd t0dZÆmt0dZÆmt0dZÆmt0dZÆmt0dZÆm/ (tbd?|?2?127/ 0dok'd?2?157/)


,if;cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;awGxJu cE¨mwpfyg;yg;udk odkYr[kwfcE¨mtrsm;pkudk toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twå-aumifvdkY todrSm;rIoabmç edpö okc okbvdkY todrSm;rIoabm ---'Dvdk todrSm;rIqdkwJh t0dZÆm arm[udk trSDjyKum a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvfowå0g vl ewf jA[®m ponfjzifh wu,fxif&Sm; &Sdw,fvdYk pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI (= t,lrSm;rI = cH,lcsufrSm;rI)oabmç ,if;cEmig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;awGxJu cE¨mwpfyg;yg;udk odkYr[kwf cE¨mtrsm;pkudk touf-aumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twåaumif[k pGJvrf;,HkMunfrI(= t,lrSm;rI = cH,lcsufrSm;rI)oabmç ,if;cEmwpfyg;yg;xJrSm odkYr[kwfcE¨mtrsm;pkxJrSm toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twå-aumif wu,fxif&Sm;&Sdw,fvdYk pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI (= t,lrSm;rI = cH,lcsufrSm;rI)oabmç edpö okc okbvdkY pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI (= t,lrSm;rI = cH,lcsufrSm;rI)oabmqdkwJh 'Dvdk t,lrSm;rI rdpäm'd|doabmw&m; trsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMujyefw,f/

todrSm;rIum; t0dZÆm jzpfw,f/ t,lrSm;rIuawmh rdpäm'd|djzpfw,f/ todrSm;rI t0dZÆmqdkwJh awmcsKHykwfudk trSDjyKNyD;awmh t,lrSm;rI'd|dç r&SufrI raMumufrI ]t[d&du taemwåyÜ}qdkwJh 'DawmcsKHykwf&JUtqG,ftyGm; csKHEG,fydwfaygif; opfyifi,frsm; wdk;yGm;vmjcif; jzpfygw,f/

ttttt0d0d0d0d0dZÆZÆZÆZÆZÆmmmmmaaaaaemufodkY emufodkY emufodkY emufodkY emufodkY tptptptptpOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufOfvdkufaaaaaewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh rrrrr dd dd dpäpäpäpäpämmmmmrrrrr*¾if*¾if*¾if*¾if*¾ifrrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

rdpäm'd|d xif&Sm;&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm rdpämouFyÜvdkY ac:qdkwJhrSm;,Gif;wJh MuHpnfpdwful;rI trsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwwfjyefw,f/ rdpämouFyÜ xif&Sm;&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm rdpäm0gpmvdkYac:qdkwJh 0pD'kp½kduftrsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwwfjyefw,f/rdpäm0gpmxif&Sm;&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm rdpämur®EÅvdkY ac:qdkwJh


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12 t0dZÆm bdu©a0 ykAÁ*Frm tukovmeH "r®meH ormywåd,m? tEGa'0t[d&duH taemwåyÜH/ t0dZÆm*wó bdu©a0 t0d'´okaem rdpäm'd|dya[mwd? rdpäm'd|dó rdpämouFayÜg ya[mwd? rdpämouFyÜó rdpäm0gpmya[mwd? rdpäm0gpó rdpämur®aEÅm ya[mwd? rdpämur®EÅórdpämtmZDa0g ya[mwd? rdpämtmZD0ó rdpäm0g,marm ya[mwd?rdpäm0g,mró rdpämowd ya[mwd? rdpämowdó rdpämorm"d ya[mwd/(r[m0*¾oH,kwf/ oH?3?1/)


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txdrcHEdkifwJh pdwfxm; pwJh udavomawGuawmh a'goç arm[qdkwJhawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;awGom jzpfMuygw,f/

&m*awG wpfykHBuD;jzifh ypönf;vmbfvmbawG &vdkaMumif;udkoG,f0dkufíjzpfapç wdkuf½kdufjzpfap aqGrsKd;rawmfol rzdwfMum;xm;olwdkYxHrSm ajymqdkaejcif;? a'goawG wpfykHBuD;jzifhç rmefrme £óm rpä&d,awG wpfykHBuD;jzifh tcsif;csif; jyKrlajymqdkqufqHaejcif;wdkYudk bk&m;&Sif[mtvGef&GH&Smpufqkyfawmfrlygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfudk rSDcdkqnf;uyfNyD; aexdkifaewJh olawmfaumif; rSefcJhvQif bk&m;&Sif &GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJh vkyfief;&yfawGudk a&Smif&Sm;zdkY y,f&Sm;zdkY oifhwifhvSygayw,f/

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tatatatatawmif;wmif;wmif;wmif;wmif;ttttt&&&&&rrrrr f; xlf; xlf; xlf; xlf; xlaaaaajymvSwJh jymvSwJh jymvSwJh jymvSwJh jymvSwJh tttttmmmmmVVVVV00000 DD DD D&[ef;&[ef;&[ef;&[ef;&[ef;aaaaawmfwmfwmfwmfwmfrrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

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tatatatatawmif;wmif;wmif;wmif;wmif;ttttt&&&&&rrrrr f; xlf; xlf; xlf; xlf; xlaaaaajymjymjymjymjymrrrrr Iudk wd&Iudk wd&Iudk wd&Iudk wd&Iudk wd&päpäpäpäpämefmefmefmefmefrrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;aaaaaomfyif omfyif omfyif omfyif omfyif rrrrrESESESESESppppp foufygfoufygfoufygfoufygfoufyg

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xlajymvGef;vSwJh 'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;xHodkY aemufxyf b,fawmhrS rvmvdkaMumif;}} ponfwdkYudk ajymqdkum jyefoGm;vdkufygw,f/ aemufxyfvnf;&aohi,fxHodkY b,fawmhrS rvma&mufawmhyg/

xdktcgusrS &aohi,fvnf; e*g;rif;rvmawmhwJhtwGuf pdwfraumif;jzpfum a&S;uxuf ydkíydkí usKHvSDoGm;cJhw,f? ½kkyftqif;awGvnf; ydkíydkí azmufjyefysufpD;vmw,f? tom;ta&miftqif;awGvnf; zuf&GufavsmfuJhodkY ydkíydkí azsmhawmhvmw,f? cEmudk,fvnf;ydkíydkí taMumNydKif;NydKif; xvmw,f/

'Dvdktjcif;t&mudk jrifawGU&wJhtcg aemifawmf&aohu enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh w&m;"r®jyum qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlygw,f/

'D0w¬KZmwfaMumif;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifu&[ef;awmfawGudk qufvufum 'Dvdk qdkqkH;rawmfrlygw,f ../

awoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygb0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ 13

]]&[ef;wdkY ...wd&pämefjzpfMuwJh owå0gawGaomfrSvnf; awmif;-&rf;jcif;udk rESpfNcdKufjcif; jzpfwkHao;\? awmif;qdkrIudk tvdkr&Sdjcif;jzpfwkHao;\/ vlom;jzpfMuwJh olawGrSm tb,frSmvQif ajymqdkzG,f&SdEdkifygawmhtHhenf; ..}} 13

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu qufvufum qdkqkH;rawmfrlvdkufygw,f/

13 (0d?1?221/)


iSufiSufiSufiSufiSufaaaaawGwGwGwGwGaaaaaomfomfomfomfomfrrrrr Svnf; Svnf; Svnf; Svnf; Svnf; aaaaawmif;&wmif;&wmif;&wmif;&wmif;&rrrrr f;jf;jf;jf;jf;jcccccif;udk if;udk if;udk if;udk if;udk rrrrrESESESESESppppp fNfNfNfNfNccccc dKufMuygdKufMuygdKufMuygdKufMuygdKufMuyg

wpfcsdefrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m [dr0EÅmawmtwGif; awmif0Srf;wpfae&mrSm oDwif;okH;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'D&[ef;awmf oDwif;okH;awmfrlwJh ae&ma'oESifh rvSrf;rurf;rSm ñGeftdkifBuD; wpfck &Sdaew,f/ xdkñGeftdkifudk trSDjyKum ñGeftdkif0ef;usifrSm wnf&SdwJh awmtkyfBuD;twGif;rSm 'DiSufawGu aexdkifMuw,f/ 'DñGeftdkifBuD;rSm aeYtcg usufpm;NyD;awmh ntcg awmtkyfBuD;twGif;odkY jyefvmMuw,f/ nOfhOD;,mrfrSma&m rdk;aomuf,mrfrSma&m 'DiSufawGu qlnHrI trsKd;rsKd;awGudk jyKvkyfMuw,f/ 'DiSufoHawG&JU qlnHrIaMumifh &[ef;awmf[m xdkawmtkyftwGif;rSm raysmfarGUrI jzpfvmw,f/ 0gqdk0guyfzdkY&ef tcsdef eD;uyfvmwJhtcg xdk&[ef;awmf[m bk&m;&SifxHawmfarSmufodkY jyefvnf<ua&mufoGm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ rdrdaexdkifoDwif;okH;&m awmtkyftwGif;rSm jzpfay:aewJh iSufawG&JU qlnHrI trsKd;rsKd;udkvnf; bk&m;&Siftm;wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

xdktcgrSm bk&m;&Sifu ]]cspfom;&[ef; ... oif[m 'DiSufawG&JU'DawmtkyftwGif;odkY rvmjcif;udk tvdk&Sdygovm;¿}} -- 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifuar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ tvdk&SdygaMumif;udk 'D&[ef;awmfubk&m;&Siftm; wifjyavQmufxm;vdkufwJhtcg bk&m;&Sifu xdkawmodkYwpfzef jyefoGm;um nOfhOD;,mrfü okH;Budrfç rZÑdr,mrfü okH;Budrfçrdk;aomuf,mrfü okH;Budrf - wpfnvQif udk;Budrf udk;Budrf atmufygtwdkif; &Gwfqdk&ef awmif;cH&ef tMuHay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

okPEÅK ar abmaEÅm oukPm? ,m0wdum £ro®ð 0eoa@okPEÅK ar abmaEÅm oukPm? ,m0wdum £ro®ð 0eoa@okPEÅK ar abmaEÅm oukPm? ,m0wdum £ro®ð 0eoa@okPEÅK ar abmaEÅm oukPm? ,m0wdum £ro®ð 0eoa@okPEÅK ar abmaEÅm oukPm? ,m0wdum £ro®ð 0eoa@0goH Oy*wm? yawåe ar taw¬m/ {auuH ar abmaEÅm ywåH0goH Oy*wm? yawåe ar taw¬m/ {auuH ar abmaEÅm ywåH0goH Oy*wm? yawåe ar taw¬m/ {auuH ar abmaEÅm ywåH0goH Oy*wm? yawåe ar taw¬m/ {auuH ar abmaEÅm ywåH0goH Oy*wm? yawåe ar taw¬m/ {auuH ar abmaEÅm ywåH''EÅK/''EÅK/''EÅK/''EÅK/''EÅK/14

14 (0d?1?222/)


þawmtkyftwGif; rSDwif;aexdkifMuukefaom tdkiSuftaygif;wdkY...ig\ pum;udk em;axmifMuygukefavmh? ightm; iSufawmifjzifh tvdk&Sd\?iSufwpfaumif wpfaumifonf tawmif wpfckpD wpfckpD ightm;ay;vSLMuyg/14

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu tMuHay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JU tMuHay;awmfrlcsuftwdkif; 'D&[ef;u xdkawmtkyfodkYyif wpfzef jyef<uawmfrlum wpfnvQif udk;Budrf udk;Budrf txufygtwdkif; &GwfqdkumiSufawmifrsm;udk tvSLcHawmfrlygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm 'D&[ef;&JU awmif;cHrIudk iSuftaygif;wdkY Mum;odEdkif&efem;vnfEdkif&eftwGuf bk&m;&Sifu wefcdk;tmEkabmfjzifh t"d|mefxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif\ wefcdk;tmEkabmfaMumifh iSuftaygif;wdkYuvnf; ]]&[ef;awmfu iSufawmifawGudk tvSLcH,laeaMumif;udk}}em;vnfoabmaygufcJhMuw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgrSm xdkiSufawG[m xdkawmtkyftwGif;rSm raexdkifMuawmhbJ tjcm;wpfae&modkY ajymif;a&TUoGm;cJhMuw,f/ aemufxyf b,fawmhrS xdkawmtkyfodkY jyefrvmMuawmhyg/

'D0w¬KZmwfaMumif;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf bk&m;&SifutmV0D&[ef;awmfawGudk qufvufum 'Dvdk qdkqkH;rawmfrlygw,f ../

awoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygawoO§d emr bdu©a0 wd&päme*wmeH ygPmeH tremygb0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ b0dówd ,mpem tremyg 0dnwåd/ udr*ø ye rEkóblwmeHµ 15

]]&[ef;wdk Y ... wd&pämefjzpfMuwJh owå0gawGaomfrSvnf;awmif;&rf;jcif;udk rESpfNcdKufjcif; jzpfwkHao;\? awmif;qdkrIudk tvdkr&Sdjcif; jzpfwkHao;\/ vlom;jzpfMuwJh olawGrSm tb,frSmvQif

15 (0dd?1?222/)


ajymqdkzG,f &SdEdkifygawmhtHhenf;}} 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu qufvufum qdkqkH;rawmfrlvdkufygw,f/15

aaaaawmif;&wmif;&wmif;&wmif;&wmif;&rrrrrf;f;f;f;f;rrrrrIudk &GIudk &GIudk &GIudk &GIudk &GHH HH H&Sm&Sm&Sm&Sm&SmpppppufufufufufqqqqqkyfkyfkyfkyfkyfaaaaawmfwmfwmfwmfwmfrrrrrlwJh lwJh lwJh lwJh lwJh &&&&&|ygv &Sif&|ygv &Sif&|ygv &Sif&|ygv &Sif&|ygv &Sif&aaaaaohohohohoh

a&S;,cifwpfcsdefu jzpfcJhzl;wJh Zmwfvrf;wpfckudk xkwfazmfumbk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfawGudk qufvufqkH;rawmfrljyefw,f/ wpfcsdef-wkef;u &|ygv trnf&SdwJh &Sif&aohwpfOD; &SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ tJ'D&Sif&aoh&JUzcifum; <u,f0csrf;omol wpfOD;vnf; jzpfw,f/ o'¨gw&m;vnf;aumif;rGefoljzpfw,f/ tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf rsm;xdkxdkwdkYudkvnf; t,kwftjrwfra&G; tenf;trsm;ra&G; ay;urf;vSL'gef;avh &SdcJhw,f? om;jzpfol&|ygv &Sif&aohudkvnf; tvdk&Sd&mudk awmif;cHyg&ef tBudrfBudrfavQmufxm;cJhw,f/ odkYaomf &|ygv &Sif&aohum; zcifjzpfolxHüwpfBudrfwpfcgrQaomfvnf;yJ rawmif;cHcJhpzl;yg/ wpfaeYrSm zcifjzpfolu &Sif&aohtm; tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh ol&JUxHrSm tvdk&Sd&mypönf;udkrawmif;cHygovJvdkY ar;jref;avQmufxm;cJhw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm &|ygv&Sif&aohu tvGefrSwfom;zG,f&m MunfndKzG,f&m twk,lzG,f&maumif;vSwJh *gxmuav; wpfyk'fjzifh tajz jyefay;cJhw,f/ 'D*gxmuav;udk emMunfhMu&atmif ../

,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd? ,mpH t''ryÜda,m/,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd? ,mpH t''ryÜda,m/,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd? ,mpH t''ryÜda,m/,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd? ,mpH t''ryÜda,m/,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd? ,mpH t''ryÜda,m/wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd? rm ar 0da'óem t[k/wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd? rm ar 0da'óem t[k/wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd? rm ar 0da'óem t[k/wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd? rm ar 0da'óem t[k/wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd? rm ar 0da'óem t[k/16

'D*gxm&JU t"dyÜm,fuawmh ---

1/ awmif;vQif rkef;wwfw,f/ (,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd,mpaum tyÜda,m a[mwd)2/ awmif;vdkY ray;vQifvnf; rkef;wwfw,f/ (,mpH t''ryÜda,m,mpH t''ryÜda,m,mpH t''ryÜda,m,mpH t''ryÜda,m,mpH t''ryÜda,m)3/ 'gaMumifh ig rawmif;jcif; jzpfygw,f/ (wo®m[H wH e ,mpmrdwo®m[H wH e ,mpmrdwo®m[H wH e ,mpmrdwo®m[H wH e ,mpmrdwo®m[H wH e ,mpmrd)

16 (0d?1?222/)


4/ oifESifh igwdkY arwåmw&m; ysufjym;jcif; rjzpfapcsifyg/ (rm arrm arrm arrm arrm ar0da'óem t[k0da'óem t[k0da'óem t[k0da'óem t[k0da'óem t[k) ..'Dvdk &Sif&aohu jyefNyD;awmh tajzay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

'DxkH;a[mif;udk twk,lum usifhapawmfrlvdkwJhtwGuf bk&m;&Sifuvnf; 'DxkH;a[mif;udk xkwfaqmifum &[ef;awmfwdkYudk qdkqkH;rawmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm .. 0denf;a'oemawmfudk tvGefMunfndKav;pm;awmfrlwJhç aqGrsKd;rawmfol rzdwfMum;xm;olwdkYxHü awmif;cHrIudkvnf; tvGef&GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJhç trnfrazmfvdkwJh a&S;q&mawmfBuD; wpfyg;&JUtaMumif;udk ajymvdkufOD;rnf/

MunfndKMunfndKMunfndKMunfndKMunfndKzzzzz G,f&m G,f&m G,f&m G,f&m G,f&m aaaaa&S;&S;&S;&S;&S;qqqqq&m&m&m&m&maaaaawmfBuwmfBuwmfBuwmfBuwmfBu DD DD D;w;w;w;w;wppppp fyg;fyg;fyg;fyg;fyg;

a&S;,cifu jrefrmjynfrSm oHoydwfawGu tvGefBuD; acwfrpm;Muao;wJhtwGuf a&S;a&S; q&mawmfBuD;rsm;[m rsm;aomtm;jzifhajroydwfawGudkyJ ½kd½kdaoaoeJY tokH;jyKawmfrlcJhMuygw,f/ wpfaeYrSm,if;q&mawmfBuD;u rdcifjzpfol ausmif;odkYa&muf&SdvmwJhtcg rdcifxHüajroydwfwpfvkH;udk tvdk&SdaMumif; rdefYMum;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ rdcifjzpfoluvnf; ]]t&Sifbk&m;&JU crnf;awmfxHrSm awmif;cHawmfrlyg}} 'DvdkavQmufxm;NyD;awmh jyefoGm;cJhw,f/ tcsdefawmfawmf Mumanmif;oGm;wJhtcg q&mawmfBuD;u rdcifxHrSm 'kwd,tBudrf xyfrHNyD;awmhawmif;awmfrlygw,f/ 'kwd,tBudrfrSmvnf; ]]t&Sifbk&m;&JU crnf;-awmfxHrSm awmif;cHawmfrlyg}}vdkY ajymqdkum jyefoGm;cJhjyefw,f/ aemuftcsdef awmfawmfMumoGm;jyefwJhtcg wwd,tBudrf xyfrHNyD;awmhrdcifxHü q&mawmfBuD;u oydwfudk tvSLcHjyefw,f/ wwd,tBudrf


rSmvnf; rdcifjzpfolu ]]t&Sifbk&m;&JU crnf;awmfxHrSmyJ awmif;cHawmfrlyg}}vdkY xyfrHNyD; avQmufxm;jyefw,f/

'Dvdk okH;Budrfwdkifwdkif awmif;cHawmfrlwJhtcg okH;BudrfpvkH;rSmyJrdcifjzpfolu ykHpHwl tajzay;aewJhtwGuf q&mawmfBuD;u rdcif jzpfoltm; ar;cGef;wpfckudk ar;Munfhawmfrlygw,f/ b,fvdk ar;awmfrlovJ¿

]]'D'g,umBuD;[m bkef;BuD;&JU zcift&if; [kwfyg&JUvm;}} ..

tJ'Dvdk ar;jref;Munhfawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm rdcifjzpfoluzcift&if; jzpfygaMumif;udk 0efcHavQmufxm;oGm;cJhw,f/

q&mawmfBuD;u bmaMumifh 'Dvdk ar;&wmvJ¿ taMumif;uawmhaqGrsKd;rawmfolxH rzdwfMum;xm;olwdkYxHü rawmif;cH&ef bk&m;&Sifuodu©myk'fawmfjzifh ynwfxm;awmfrlNyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh zcift&if; r[kwfcJhvQif aqGrsKd;rawmfolbJ jzpfaeygw,f/ 0denf;awmft&'Dvdk aqGrsKd;rawmfolxHü rawmif;cHvdkwJhtwGuf ,ckvdk zcift&if;[kwfr[kwfudk rdcifjzpfoltm; ar;jref;cJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/

omoemawmfrSm rSDwif;aexdkifMuwJh &Sif&[ef;awG[m 'Dvdk 0denf;a'oemawmfudk av;pm;um aqGrsKd;rawmfolrsm;xHü rawmif;cHjcif;çaqGrsKd;awmfolrsm;xHüvnf; tawmif;t&rf; rxlajymjcif; tvdkenf;yg;jcif;udk bk&m;&Sifu ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f/

,ckvdk tawmif;t&rf; xlajymvSjcif; pwJh tawmrowfEdkifwJhavmbOD;aqmifaewJh udavom awmcsKHykwfESifh awmcsKHykwf&JU tpG,ftyGm;jzpfMuwJh tukodkvfw&m; trsKd;rsKd;awGudk &Sif;vif;okwfoifypfzdkY&ef 'DokwåefrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;u qdkqkH;raeawmfrlw,f/ b,fvdk&Sif;MurvJ¿


r*¾if &Spfyg; usifhpOfw&m;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh .. oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGudk wu,fvufawGU atmifatmifjrifjrifrSefrSefuefuef wdwdusus t&d,r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzifh 'DudavomawmcsKHykwfESifh tqG,ftyGm;awGudk &Sif;vif;ypfMu&rSm jzpfw,f/ bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh oDvusifhpOfydkif;qdkif&m a'oemawGuawmhtvGefus,f0ef;vSygw,f/ rdrdwdkYpGrf;tm;&Sdoavmuf avhvmumusifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfw,f/ tvm;wlyJ orm"dusifhpOfydkif;awGuvnf; txdkuftavsmuf us,f0ef;wJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; rdrdwdkYpGrf;tm;&Sdoavmuf psmeform"dawGudk0dyóemÓPfawG&JU tajccHyg'upsmef jzpfEdkifavmufatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 0dyóemydkif;qdkif&musifhpOfawGuawmh ydkrdkNyD;awmh euf½Idif;wJh oabmvnf; &Sdygw,f?cufcJwJhoabmvnf; &Sdygw,f/

b,fvdkyif eufeJcufcJaomfvnf; jzLpifoefY&Sif;aewJh oDvqkdwJhajray:rSm &yfwnfNyD;awmh psmeform"dqdkwJh ausmufzsmxufrSm0dyóemÓPfqdkwJh oefvsufudk jrjrxufoGm;atmif ravsmhwJhZJGvkHYv0D&d,ç rarhaysmufwwfwJh xifvif;wJhowdwdkY tjrJwrf; jcH&Humtqufrjywf aoG;aecJhrnfqdkvQifawmh wpfaeYrSmawmh 'D0dyóemÓPfoefvsuf[m xufjrufpl;&SvmrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'D0dyóem ÓPf-oefvsuf[m xufjrufpl;&SvmcJhvQif b,fvdkyif cufcJeufeJaomfvnf;wpfaeYrSmawmh o'¨gw&m; tjynfht0jzifh tdrf&mwnfaxmifwJhvlUabmifudk pGefYcGmum tdrf&mrwnfaxmifwJh &[ef;abmifodkY 0if-a&mufNyD; &Sif&[ef;jyKvmwJh trsKd;aumif;om; trsKd;aumif;orD;wdkYarQmfrSef;aewJh t&[wåzdkvfyef;udk qifjref;EdkifMurSm jzpfygw,f/t&[wåzdkvfodk Y qdkufa&mufoGm;NyDqdkvQifawmh .. udavom


awmcsKHykwfESifh udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;awGudk tEko,-"mwfikwfyg rusef t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif &Sif;vif;okwfoifNyD;jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

'DusifhpOft&yf&yfawGxJu a&S;OD;pGm .. uxm0w¬K q,fyg;taMumif;udk w&m;emy&dowfawGeJY rdwfqufay;vdkygw,f ../

d d d d

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) ] 33 33 33 33 33

tcef; ( 2)

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;)

bk&m;&Sifbk&m;&Sifbk&m;&Sifbk&m;&Sifbk&m;&SifaaaaajymMum;jymMum;jymMum;jymMum;jymMum;apaapaapaapaapawmfwmfwmfwmfwmfrrrrr lvdklvdklvdklvdklvdkaaaaaom om om om om pppppum; um; um; um; um; qqqqq,f,f,f,f,fccccc Gef;Gef;Gef;Gef;Gef;

a&S;OD;pGm oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGESifh qufpyfaewJh bk&m;&Sifbufu ajymMum;apawmfrlvdkwJh pum; (10)cGef;taMumif;udk qufNyD; ajymMu&atmif ../

&yftaMumif; &GmtaMumif; tpm;taMumif; t0wftaMumif;aqGrsKd;taMumif; rdwfaqGtaMumif; pwJh r*fzdkvfedAÁmefodkY oGm;&mvrf;aMumif;rS zDvmuefYvefY jzpfaewJhç r*fzdkvfedAÁmefodkY a&mufaMumif;usifhpOfESifh xdyfwdkuf qefYusifbuf jzpfaeMuwJh wd&pämeuxmvdkYbk&m;&Sifu ½Iwfcsum ac:a0:okH;pGJxm;awmfrlwJh pum;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk0dkif;zGJUum ajymqdkaewmrsKd;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifu ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlygbl;/bk&m;&Sif ajymMum;apawmfrlvdkwJh pum; (10)cGef;udkawmh t*kFwådK&f


'ouedygwf yXruxm0w¬KokwåefrSm17 jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dpum; q,fcGef;u bmawGvJ¿

1/ tyÜdpäuxm = tvdkenf;yg;jcif;ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

2/ oEÅK|duxm = a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

3/ y0da0uuxm = uif;qdwfrI 0da0uokH;jzmESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

4/ toHo*¾uxm = a&ma&maESmaESm raexdkifjcif;ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

5/ 0D&d,m&rÇuxm = orx 0dyóem bm0emvkyfief;&yfwdkYütjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; vkHYv0D&d,ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

6/ oDvuxm = oDvusifhpOfESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

7/ orm"duxm = orm"dusifhpOfESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifhpOfESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum;?

9/ 0drkwåduxm = udavomwdkYrS vGwfajrmufrI 0drkwådESifhpyfwJhw&m;pum;?

10/ 0drkwådÓP'óeuxm = t&d,zdkvf toD;toD;udk &NyD;aemufjzpfay:vmwJh ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrifESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum; -----

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh pum; (10)rsKd; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dpum;(10)rsKd;udkawmh ajymoifhwJh tcsdeftcgrSm ajymoifhwJh twdkif;twmyrmPudk EdIif;csdefNyD;awmh ajymwefoavmuf ajymqdkzdkY&ef bk&m;&SifucGifhjyKxm;awmfrlygw,f/ odkYaomf ajymoifhwJh pum;awGyJ qdkNyD;awmh0dkif;zGJUum ]]ajymrqkH;aygif awmokH;awmif}} vkyfum ]][dr0EÅm csD;rGrf;cef;awG}} zGifhqdkaeMujcif;rsKd;udkawmh jrwfpGmbk&m; ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlygbl;/

17 (tH?3?359/)


'Dpum; (10)cGef;wdkY&JU t"dyÜm,fudk xyfrHNyD;awmh &Sifvif;wifjyMu&atmif ../

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ tttttyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdpäpäpäpäpäuxm = uxm = uxm = uxm = uxm = tttttvdkenf;yg;jvdkenf;yg;jvdkenf;yg;jvdkenf;yg;jvdkenf;yg;jcccccif;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh pppppyfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

bk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfudk rSDcdktm;xm;NyD; aexdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;qdkwm tvdkvnf; enf;yg;&rnf? tvdkqE enf;yg;wJh pum;rsKd;udkvnf;ajymqdkwwf&rnf? tvdk&r®ufawG tm;aumif;apwJh pum;rsKd;udkrajymqdkbJ a&SmifMuOfEdkif&rnf/

'Dae&mrSm t|uxm #Dumrsm;u18 &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;awmfrlMuwJh £päm (= tvdk&SdykH) trsKd;rsKd;awGudk ajymMu&atmif ../

1/ tBwdpä = tydktvGef tvdk&Sdjcif;?2/ ygydpä = ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;&Sdjcif;?3/ r[dpä = rdrd&JU twdkif;twmyrmPudk rodbJ rMunhfbJ cH,ljcif;?4/ tyÜdpä = tvdkenf;yg;jcif; ..

'Dvdk (4)rsKd;cGJum zGifhqdkxm;Muygw,f/ 'D (4)rsKd;udk wpfckNyD;wpfcktpOftwdkif; &Sif;vif;Mu&atmif/ a&S;OD;pGm tBwdpä taMumif;udk pwifajymMupdkY ../

tttttBwBwBwBwBwdd dd dpäpäpäpäpä = = = = = tttttydkydkydkydkydktttttvGef vGef vGef vGef vGef tttttvdk&Svdk&Svdk&Svdk&Svdk&Sdd dd d jjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

tBwdpä qdkwmuawmh rdrd&&SdwJh vmbfvmbESifh rauseyfbJtydkawG xyfcgxyfcg vdkcsifrIrsKd;udk qdkvdkw,f/ Oyrm --- qGrf;wpfaumfavmif;vSLvdkufvQif rauseyfao;bl;? ESpfaumfavmuf vdkcsifjyefw,f?okH;aumfavmuf vdkcsifjyefw,f? [if;wpfcGufavmuf avmif;vSL

18 (O'ge?|?205/ tH?#D?3?275-276/)


vdkufvQif rauseyfao;bl;? ESpfcGuf okH;cGufavmuf vdkcsifjyefw,f?wpfZGef;avmuf avmif;vSLvdkufvQif rauseyfao;bl;? ESpfZGef; okH;ZGef;avmuf vdkcsifjyefw,f? 'Dvdk &&orQESifh rauseyfEdkifbJ rQw½kHESifhrauseyfEdkifbJ tydktvGefawGudk vdkcsifaewmrsKd;udk tBwdpävdkY ac:qdkw,f/ bmaMumifh 'Dvdk tydktvGefawGudk vdkcsifae&wmvJ/ tm;vkH;odMuygvdrfhrnf? ]]bmav;awGtwGuf nmav;awGtwGuf}} 'DvdktaMumif;trsKd;rsKd;awG jyum tydktvGefawGudk vdkcsifaeMujcif;jzpfw,f? pm;rukefawmhvnf; oGefypfMujyefw,f/

'Dvdk tydktvGefawGudk vdkvm;awmifhwaewJh tBwdpäyk*¾dKvfrsKd;awGudk &nfñTef;um bk&m;&Sifu rdwå0dEuZmwfawmfrsm;udk19 a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhaMumif;udk t|uxm #DumwdkYu18 zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

rrrrr dwå0dEúdwå0dEúdwå0dEúdwå0dEúdwå0dEúZZZZZmwfmwfmwfmwfmwf

'DZmwfawmfuawmh uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufawmftcgujzpfay:cJhwJh ZmwfaMumif; 0w¬K jzpfygw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgu uka#&Spfq,fru <u,f0csrf;omwJh rdom;pkwpfck &SdcJhw,f/ ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;wdkY[m uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif&JU wynfhom0u aomwmyeft&d,molawmfaumif;awG jzpfMuw,f/ olwdkYrSm om;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ 'Dom;uawmh omoemawmfudk MunfndKav;pm;wJhpdwfxm;r&Sd jzpfcJhw,f/ 'Dom;udk t|uxmrsm;u aomwmyeft&d,m olawmfaumif;jzpfwJh rdcifuJhodkYaom rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;awGudkyif jypfrSm;wwfwJhtwGuf rdwå0dEúvdkY ac:qdkxm;w,f/ rdbawGu 'gejyKzdkYoDvaqmufwnfusifhokH;zd k Y OykofaqmufwnfusifhokH;zd k Y orx0dyóembm0emawGudk usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkY tBudrfBudrf19 (Zm?|?4?1 ../)


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odkYaomf ckepf&ufavmuf Mumanmif;oGm;wJhtcg avSoabFm[mausmufcsxm;ovdk ae&mra&GUawmhbJ yifv,fxJrSm &yfwefY wnfaecJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm umVuPÖDac:wJh vl,kwfrmpma&;wHrJ aumuf,l&ef tm;vkH;u oabmwlnDMuwJhtwGuf pma&;wHrJ aumufav&mokH;Budrfwdkifwdkif 'Dpma&;wHrJ[m rdwå0dEúvufxJudkyJ a&muf&SdoGm;cJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm avSoabFmom;rsm;[m opfom;ysOfcsyf wpfckjzifhazmifzGJUcsnfNyD;wJhaemuf rdwå0dEúudk azmifay:wifum yifv,fxJudkarQmvTwfvdkufMuw,f/ xdktcgusrS avSoabFm[m jrm;udk av;n§dKUrSypfvTwfvdkufovdk vsifjrefpGm oGm;vdkY &&SdoGm;cJhygw,f/

rdwå0dEúvnf; opfom;ysOfcsyfazmifjzifh yifv,fxJ arsmoGm;av&m uRef;wpfckudk qdkufa&mufoGm;cJhw,f/ tJ'DuRef;rSm a0rmeduNydwåmtrsKd;orD; (4)OD;wdkY[m zefAdrmefeJY aexdkifaeMuw,f/ olwdkY[molwdkYxlaxmifcJhwJh tukodkvfuHaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh qif;&J'ku©trsKd;rsKd;udk ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif cHpm;Mu&NyD;aemuf olwdkY jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhukodkvfuH&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh tJ'DzefAdrmefxJrSm ckepf&ufwdkifwdkifewfpnf;pdrfvdk pnf;pdrfcsrf;omokct00udk okH;aqmifcHpm;aeMu&wJha0rmeduNydwåmrsKd;awG jzpfMuw,f/ rdwå0dEúvnf; xdktrsKd;orD;(4)OD;wdkYESifhtwl tJ'DzefAdrmefxJrSmyJ ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif pnf;pdrfcsrf;omawGudk okH;aqmifcHpm;aecJhygw,f/ ckepf&ufjynfhwJhtcg xdktrsKd;orD;awG[mvnf; qif;&J'ku©cHpm;zdkY&eftwGuf AdrmefrS xGufcGmcgeD;rSm]]ckepf&ufMumvQif olwdkY jyefvmrSmjzpfwJhtaMumif; 'DAdrmefrS tjcm;t&yfwpfyg;odkY rxGufcGmzdkYtaMumif;wdkYudk rSmMum;NyD;aemuf}} xGufcGmoGm;Muw,f/

rdwå0dEuvnf; 'Dpnf;pdrfavmufeJY ra&mifh&JEdkifao;bJ aemufxyfpnf;pdrf tydktvGefawGudk vdkvm;wJhtwGuf rdrd&JU rlvysOfcsyfazmifjzifh


arQmum yifv,fc&D;udk qufcJhjyefw,f/ uRef;wpfuRef;udk qdkufa&mufoGm;wJhtcg aiGAdrmefeJY pnf;pdrfcHpHaeMuwJh tvm;wl a0rmeduNydwåmtrsKd;orD; (8)OD;wdkYESifh qkHpnf;rdjyefw,f/ xdk (8)OD;wdkYESifh ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif pnf;pdrfcHpm;ae&½kHrQjzifh rwif;wdrf ra&mifh&JEdkifao;bJxdktrsKd;orD;wdkY qif;&J'ku©cHzdkY&ef xGufcGmoGm;MuwJhtcg rdrd&JU ysOfcsyfazmifi,fjzifh arQmum yifv,fc&D;udk qufcJhjyefw,f/ uRef;wpfuRef;udkqdkufa&mufoGm;wJhtcg ywåjrm;AdrmefeJY pnf;pdrfcHpm;aeMuwJh tvm;wla0rmeduNydwåmtrsKd;orD; (16)OD;wdkYESifh qkHpnf;rdjyefw,f/ xdktrsKd;orD;(16)OD;wdkYESifh ywåjrm;AdrmeftwGif;rSm ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif pnf;pdrfcHpm;ae&½kHrQjzifh ra&mifh&J rwif;wdrfEdkifao;wJhtwGuf xdktrsKd;orD;wdkYqif;&J'ku©cHzdkY&ef xGufcGmoGm;MuwJhtcg rdrd&JU ysOfcsyfazmifi,fjzifharQmum yifv,fc&D;udk qufcJhjyefw,f/ uRef;wpfuRef;udk qdkufa&mufoGm;wJhtcg a&TAdrmefxJrSm pnf;pdrfcHpHaeMuwJh tvm;wl a0rmeduNydwåmtrsKd;orD; (32)OD;wdkYESifh qkHpnf;rdjyefw,f/ xdktrsKd;orD; (32)OD;wdkYESifhtwl ewfpnf;pdrfwrQ BuD;us,fvSwJh csrf;omokct00awGudkckepf&ufwdkifwdkif okH;aqmifcHpm;jyefw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dpnf;pdrfrQavmufeJYvnf; rauseyfEdkifao; ra&mifh&JEdkifao; rwif;wdrfEdkifao; jzpfaejyefw,f/ aemufxyf tydktvGefawGudk xyfrHNyD;awmh tvdk&Sdaejyefw,f/

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rdrd&&SdxdkufwJh twdkif;twmyrmPxuf ydkvGefum tvdk&SdaewJhtBwdpä avmborm;wdkY oGm;&rnfhvrf;udk bk&m;&Sifu xkwfaqmifum&[ef;awmfwdkYudk qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhwJh xkH;a[mif;wpfck jzpfygw,f/

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aemufwpfck xyfajymOD;rnf/ qGrf;awGudk tydktvGef tvSLcHNyD;awmhpm;rukefvdkY pGefYypfMujyefw,f/ [dkae&mrSm oGm;pGefYypfvdkuf 'Dae&mrSmoGm;pGefYypfvdkuf jyKvkyfMuw,f/ ywf0ef;usif roefY&Sif;rIawGvnf;jzpfay:vmMujyefw,f/ 'Dvdk tjyKtrlrsKd;awGudk bk&m;&Sif[m ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlygbl;/ 'DqGrf;awG[m tvSL&SifwdkYu &wemokH;wefwdkY&JU *kPfaus;Zl;awmfawGESifh uH-uH&JUtusKd;w&m;wdkYudk &nfarQmfum vSL'gef;ylaZmfxm;wJh 'u©dPac:wJh jrwfaom tvSL'geypönf;awGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dvdko'gw&m;jy"mef;vsuf vSL'gef;ylaZmfxm;wJh ypönf;awGudk z½kdz&J jzefYusJvsuf ysufpD;atmif zsufqD;cJhvQifç wpfenf; ajym&vQifawmh tvGJokH;

20 (0d?3?412/)


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21 (Zmwu?|?1?251-259/)


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22 vmbouúm&odavmuedumr,wm, toEÅ*kPorÇm0em"dyÜga,mygydapämygydapämygydapämygydapämygydapäm/ (O'ge?|?205/)


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bmaMumifh 'Dvdk ajymqdkae&wmvJ¿

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23 ygydapäm £pämyuawm tnH Asmua&mwd/ (tH?2?104/)


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2/ rdrdu jzLpifwJhoDv r&SdygbJvsuf rdrdudk jzLpifwJhoDv&Sdol[kvltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

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24 (tH?|?3?65/) 25 (tbd?2?364/) 26 (r?2?19/ r?|?2?155/ tH?|?2?364/)


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5/ rdrdu tysif;aMumawG trsKd;rsKd;xlaeol jzpfygvsuf tjyif;txefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfwwfwJh vkHYv0D&d,&Sdol[k vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

6/ rdrdu owdvufvGwfaeol wpfOD; jzpfygvsuf owdy|mef av;yg;udk tpOfyGm;aewJh owdw&m;ESifh jynfhpkHol[k vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

7/ Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom pdwfwnfMunfrI orm"dawG rdrdrSmxif&Sm; r&SdygbJvsuf Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom pdwfwnfMunfrIorm"dawG xif&Sm;&Sdaeol[k vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudktvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

8/ wu,fh y&rwftppf "mwftESpfjzpfMuwJh ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd;(= ocFg&) w&m;awG&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudk wu,fxifxif&Sm;&Sm; xdk;xGif;odjrifwwfwJhwu,fh0dyóemÓPfynm tppfawG rdrdrSm wu,fxif&Sm; r&Sd


ygbJvsufç ½kyfemrftwkta,mifavmufudkom ½Iaewwfol jzpfygvsuf wu,fh0dyóemÓPfynm tppfawG xif&Sm;&Sdaeol[kvltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

9/ rdrdu udavomtmoa0gw&m;awG uif;pifaewJh wu,fh&[EÅmtppf r[kwfygbJvsuf &[EÅmtwkta,mifrQom jzpfaeygvsufwu,fh&[EÅmtppfyg[k vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&Sdjyefw,f/

'Dvdk twkta,miftrsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmwwfwJh&m*ESifh twl,SOfwGJum jzpfay:aewJh vdkvm;awmifhwrItrsKd;rsKd; &Sdaejcif;udk ygydpä (= ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;&SdrI)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;awGudk &nfñTef;NyD;awmh bk&m;&Sifu pwkw¬yg&mZduygVdawmfrSm27 ]]olcdk;BuD; ig;OD;}} taMumif;udk xkwfazmfum .. &[ef;-awmfwdkYtm; qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dolcdk;BuD; ig;OD; taMumif;udkvdk&if;twdkcsKyfum ajymMu&atmif ../

olololololccccc dk;Budk;Budk;Budk;Budk;Bu DD DD D; ig;O; ig;O; ig;O; ig;O; ig;O DD DD D;;;;;

wpfaeYrSm olcdk;AdkvfBuD; wpfa,muf[m rdrd&JUaemufvdkuf olcdk;aygif; &maxmifwdkY jcH&Hvsuf NrdKU&GmawGudk 0ifa&mufum vk,ufwdkufcdkufNyD;awmh ypönf;awG odrf;ydkufum pm;aomufaexdkifzdkY&ef tMuHtpnf wpfck jzpfcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk MuHpnfxm;cJhwJhtwdkif; wpfaeYrSmawmhaemufvdkuf olcdk;aygif; &maxmif jcH&Hvsuf NrdKU&GmawGudk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufum ypönf;awG odrf;ydkufNyD;awmh pm;aomuf aexdkifcJhw,f/

27 (0d?1?114-116/)


'Dolcdk;BuD;taMumif;udkawmh OyrmtaeeJY jrwfpGmbk&m;uxkwfaqmifum a[mMum;awmfrlchJjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf &[ef;awmfawGudk bk&m;&Sifu atmufygtwdkif;omoemawmfrSm xif&Sm;wnf&SdaewJh olcdk;BuD; ig;OD;taMumif;udkxkwfazmfum qdkqkH;rawmfrlygw,f/

trSwf (1) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (1) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (1) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (1) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (1) olcdk;BuD; --- tvm;wlyJ cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ...igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSmvnf; ,kwfnhHwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm;&SdwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m ]]ig[m b,faomtcgusrSaemufvdkuf&[ef;aygif; &maxmifwdkYjcH&Hvsuf &Gm ed*kH; rif;aejynfawmfwdkYrSm vSnfhvnfNyD;awmh &[ef;&SifvlwdkY&JU t½kdtaojyKrI tav;*½kjyKrIjrwfEdk;rI ylaZmfrI yorIwdkYudk cH,l&yghrvJ¿ ouFef; qGrf; ausmif; aq;pwJhvmbfvmbawGudk aygaygrsm;rsm; &&SdyghrvJ ..¿}}vdkY 'Dvdk oluwpfaeYrSm pOf;pm;cef; 0ifrdcJhw,f/

wpfcsdefrSmawmh tJ'D&[ef;[m aemufvdkuf&[ef;aygif; &maxmifwdkYjcH&Hvsuf &Gm ed*kH; rif;aejynfawmfwdkYrSm vSnfhvnfNyD;awmh &[ef;&SifvlwdkY&JU t½kdtaojyKrI tav;*½kjyKrI jrwfEdk;rI ylaZmfrI yorIwdkYudk cH,lcJh&w,f? ouFef; qGrf; ausmif; aq;pwJh ypönf; vmbfvmbawGudkvnf;rsm;pGm &&SdcJhw,f/ &[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk&[ef;rsKd;[m igbk&m;&Sif&JUomoemawmfrSm trSwf (1) yxrolcdk;BuD;yJ jzpfw,f/

trSwf (2) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (2) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (2) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (2) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (2) olcdk;BuD; --- cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm ,kwfnhHwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm;&SdwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m igbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh"r®0de,w&m;awmfrsm;udk q&morm;rsm;xHrSm oif,lNyD;aemufy&dowftv,fodkY a&muf&SdwJhtcg udk,fawGUÓPfjrifw&m; jyKvkyfumtoHae toHxm; aumif;rGefpGmjzifh y&dowfESpfNcdKufatmif w&m;awmf


udk a[mMum;jyojyefw,f/ &[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk&[ef;rsKd;[m igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm trSwf (2) 'kwd,olcdk;BuD;yJ jzpfw,f/

'D'kwd,olcdk;BuD;uawmh bk&m;&Sif&JU w&m;awmfrsm;udk bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh w&m;awmfawGyJvdkY 0efrcHvdkbJ rdrd&JU udk,fawGUÓPfjrifw&m; jyKvkyfum a[mMum;jyoaewJhtwGuf olcdk;b0odkYa&muf&SdoGm;jcif; jzpfw,f/28

trSwf (3) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (3) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (3) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (3) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (3) olcdk;BuD; --- cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm ,kwfnhHwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm;&SdwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSmoDv wu,fjzLpifaewJhç jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOfynmusifhpOfawGudk wu,fvufawGU jzLjzLpifpif usifhMuHBudK;ukwfyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh oDwif;okH;azmf &[ef;awmf wpfyg;udk tajctjrpfr&SdwJh rrSefuefwJhpGJcsufjzifh rjrwfwJh arxkeftusifh tjA[®p&d,odu©myk'fjzifh pGyfpGJjyefw,f/ &[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk&[ef;rsKd;[m igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm trSwf (3) wwd,olcdk;BuD;yJ jzpfw,f/

trSwf (4) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (4) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (4) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (4) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (4) olcdk;BuD; --- cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm ,kwfnhHwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm;&SdwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m igbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmftwGif;rSm t&yfav;rsufESmrSm wnf&SdaewJh a&mufNyD;a&mufqJ oHCmawmfrsm;udk &nfñTef;um vSL'gef;ylaZmfxm;wJhç tvGeftav;*½kjyKum ½kd½kdaoao av;av;pm;pm; xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufum okH;pGJ&rnfh *½k-b@mvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh ausmif;taqmuftOD;rsm;ESifh uk#if anmif-apmif; tdk;cGuf yef;uef pwJh ausmif;tokH;taqmif ypönf;awGudk vl'um 'umrwdkYtm; ay;urf;um csD;ajr§mufrIudk jyKw,f? xdkypönf;awGudk

28 (0d?|?2?76/)


ay;urf;jcif;jzifh vl 'um 'umrwdkYu rdrdtay:rSm MunfndKjrwfEdk;vmatmif ypönf;vmbfvmbawG jyefvnfvSL'gef;vmatmif aoG;-aqmifjyefw,f? jzm;a,mif;jyefw,f/ &[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk &[ef;rsKd;[migbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfrSm trSwf (4) pwkw¬olcdk;BuD;yJ jzpfw,f/

trSwf (5) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (5) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (5) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (5) olcdk;BuD;trSwf (5) olcdk;BuD; --- cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... igbk&m;&Sif&JUomoemawmfrSm ,kwfnhHwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm;&SdwJh &[ef;-awmfwpfyg;[m rdrdrSm xif&Sm;r&SdwJh psmefr*fzdkvfw&m;awGudk xif&Sm;&Sdaeoa,mif [efaqmifum 0g<um;yvTm;NyD; ajymqdkw,f/ 'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk umrm0p&ewfjynf ig;xyfESifhwuGaom rm&fewfom;wnf&Sd&m 0o0wåDewfjynfESifhwuGaom ewfavmurSma&mç jA[®mhjynfESpfq,fvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh jA[®mhavmurSma&mç orkwdewfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh &Sifbk&ifawGESifhwuG &[ef;ykPÖm;awGESifhwuGaom vlUavmurSma&m wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY vSL'gef;ylaZmfaewJh qGrf;udk cdk;NyD; pm;aewJhtwGufaMumifh olcdk;tm;vkH;xJrSm xdyfwef;tusqkH; tBuD;rm;qkH;tqdk;qkH; olcdk;BuD; jzpfw,f/29

'DeHygwf (5) olcdk;BuD;ESifh qufpyfNyD;awmh bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfwdkYudk *gxma'oemawmfwdkYjzifh qufvufum qdkqkH;r xm;awmfrlygw,f/ xdka'oemawmfwdkY&JU qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜm,fuawmh ]]'Dvdk wdkif;oljynfom;wdkY&JU qGrf;awGudk cdk;NyD;awmh pm;aernfhtpm; tvQHwajymif-ajymif rD;w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifaewJh oHawGcJawGudk rsKdaejcif;ujrwfao;w,f/ 'Dyk*¾dKvfrsKd;[m aoonf\ tjcm;rJhü i&JodkY usa&muf

29 ]]oa'0au bdu©a0 avmau orm&au ojA[®au oórP-jAm[®Pd,m yZm, oa'0rEkóm, t,H ta*¾g r[mapma&m a,mtoEÅH tblwH Owå&drEkó"r®H Ov’ywd/ wH udó a[wk¿ ax,sm,a0g bdu©a0 &|yda@m bkawåm}}wd/ (0d?1?115/)


um i&J'ku©rsKd;pkHudk cHpm;&rSm jzpfw,f}} ponfjzifh qufvufum qdkqkH;rawmfrlygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm .. bkef;BuD;bufuvnf; w&m;emy&dowfawGudk]]w&m;tm;xkwf&if;jzifh rdwå0dEuuJhodkY i&JodkY wpfcgwpfacgufavmuftvnftywf c&D;a'opm&D <ucsDcsifMuovm;¿}} 'Dvdk ar;cGef;wpfckawmh ar;Munhfcsifygw,f/ b,fvdk tajzay;MurvJ¿ ezl;ay:udkvufwifíjzpfapç vufay:udk ezl;wifíjzpfap tajzay;Edkifatmifaoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;xm;Muyg/

aemufwpfckuawmh w&m;ppf w&m;rSefudk wu,ftvdk&SdaeMuwJha,m*DolawmfpifawG&JU oEÅmefrSm wu,fxif&Sm; wnf&Sdae&rnfh]]y"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;}} taMumif;udkvnf;30 'Dae&mrSm qufNyD;awmhajymcsifao;w,f/

yyyyy"""""med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;

wpfcsdefrSm aAm"drif;om;u jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; ar;cGef;wpfckudkar;jref;avQmufxm;cJhzl;w,f/ b,fvdkavQmufxm;ovJ ..¿

]]jrwfpGmbk&m;... bk&m;&SifuJhodkYaom qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlrnfhçedAÁmef[lonfh xdkrSmbufurf;odkY a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifay;awmfrlrnfhq&mwpfqludk &&Sdxm;wJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m tb,frQavmuftwdkif;twm yrmP tcsdefumvtxd usihfMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQifç t&[wåzdkvfudk &nfñTef;um tdrf&mwnfaxmifwJh vlabmifudk pGefYcGmNyD;awmh tdrf&mraxmifwJh &[ef;abmifodkY0ifa&mufum &Sif&[ef;jyKvmMuwJh trsKd;aumif;om; trsKd;aumif;orD;wdkY a&mufoifha&mufxdkufwJhç twkr&Sd vGefjrwfwJh t&d,r*fwnf;

30 (r?2?297/)


[laom jrwfaom r*¾jA[®p&d,vQif tqkH;tydkif;tjcm; &SdaewJht&[wåzdkvfodkY a&muf&SdEdkifygovJ jrwfpGmbk&m; ..¿}} 'Dvdk olubk&m;&Siftm; ar;jref;avQmufxm;cJhw,f/

xdktcgrSm bk&m;&Sifu y"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;ESifh jynfhpkHatmifjynfhjynhfpkHpkH tnDtñGwf usihfMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh&[ef;awmfomrSefvQif (7)ESpfudk tpxm;í wpfaeYwmtwGif;rSmyifnaecsrf;tcgü qkdqkH;rawmfrlcJhvQif eHeufrdk;aomufxtcgüç eHeufrdk;aomufxtcgü qkdqkH;rawmfrlcJhvQif naecsrf;tcgüyif t&[wå-zdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifygaMumif;udk jyefvnfrdefYMum;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/'Dy"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;taMumif;udk qufvufNyD;awmh &Sif;vif;Mu&atmif ../

1/ o1/ o1/ o1/ o1/ o'¨''¨''¨gw&m;&Sgw&m;&Sgw&m;&Sgw&m;&Sgw&m;&Sdd dd d jjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

'Dae&mrSm o'¨gw&m;u av;rsKd; &Sdaeygw,f ../

oAÁnKbk&m;tavmif;awmfwdkY&JU oEÅmefrSm jzpfay:aewJh o'¨gw&m;uawmh oAÁnKwÓPf&&SdzdkY&ef &nfoefawmifhwawmfrlumqkxl;yefxGmawmfrlcJhwJhtcsdeftcgumvrS pNyD;awmh qif;oufvmawmfrljcif;aMumifh tm*reo'¨gvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

t&d,molawmfaumif;wdk Y&JU o'¨gw&m;uawmh t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk xdk;xGif;odjrifjcif;jzifhç wpfenf;qdk&vQift&d,r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf edAÁmefwdkYudk xdk;xGif;odjrifjcif;jzihf &&SdvmwJho'¨gw&m;jzpfjcif;aMumifh t"d*ro'¨gvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

ykxkZefolawmfaumif;wdkY&JU oEÅmef0,f -- ]]Aka'g "ar®m oHaCm}}]]Aka'g "ar®m oHaCm}}]]Aka'g "ar®m oHaCm}}]]Aka'g "ar®m oHaCm}}]]Aka'g "ar®m oHaCm}}vdkYajymqdkoHudk Mum;vdkufwJhtcg &wemokH;yg;wdkYtay:ü vIyf&Sm;rI


r&SdawmhbJ rwkefrvIyf ouf0if,kHMunfaewJh o'¨gw&m;udkawmhMouyÜeo'¨gvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

ykxkZefolawmfaumif;wdkY&JU oEÅmef0,f &wemokH;yg;wdkY tay:üpdwfMunfvif½kHrQ jzpfay:vmwJh o'¨gw&m;udkawmh yom'o'¨gvdkYac:qdkygw,f/

'Dae&mrSmuawmh MouyÜeo'¨gw&m; xif&Sm;&Sdjcif;udk &nfñTef;xm;awmfrlygw,f/31

t&[Ht&[Ht&[Ht&[Ht&[Htp b*0gb*0gb*0gb*0gb*0gtqkH;&SdwJh bk&m;&Sif&JU *kPfawmf udk;yg;vdkYac:qdktyfwJh aAm"dÓPfawmfjrwftay:ü ,HkMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m;tjynfht0 &Sd&rnf/ 'Dae&mrSm w&m;tm;xkwfaewJh wynfhom0uwpfOD;[m txl;ojzifh bk&m;&Sif&JU or®morÁK'¨*kPfawmf Ak'¨*kPfawmf'D*kPfawmf ESpfrsKd;wdkYtay:ü txl;ojzifh ydkí ydkí ,HkMunfcsufo'¨gw&m; tjynfht0&SdzdkYuawmh txl;vdktyfygw,f/

bk&m;&Sifonf q&mrul o,rÇLÓPfawmfjrwfjzifh t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlcJhw,f? 'guawmh or®morÁK'¨*kPfawmf jzpfygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifonfq&mrul o,rÇLÓPfawmfjrwfjzifh t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcg wynfhom0uwdkYudkvnf;yJ t&d,mopömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifatmif a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlygw,f? 'guawmh Ak'¨*kPfawmf jzpfygw,f/ w&m;tm;xkwfaewJhbk&m;&Sif&JU wynfhom0uwpfOD;[m 'D*kPfawmf ESpfrsKd;wdkYtay:ü txl;tav;*½kjyKum ydkíydkí ,HkMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m; xif&Sm;&SdzdkYuawmh

31 (r?|?3?225)


txl;vdktyfaeygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ ..¿ y"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg;vkH;udk&Sif;vif;wifjyNyD;wJhtcg tajzudk ajymMu&atmif ../

2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ tttttyÜgyÜgyÜgyÜgyÜgAAAAAmmmmm""""" = = = = = tttttemememememaaaaa&m*guif;j&m*guif;j&m*guif;j&m*guif;j&m*guif;jcccccif; = usef;if; = usef;if; = usef;if; = usef;if; = usef;rrrrrmmmmmaaaaa&; &; &; &; &; aaaaaumif;umif;umif;umif;umif;rrrrr GefjGefjGefjGefjGefjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

'Dt*Fg&yfrSmawmh bk&m;&Sifu tema&m*guif;jcif; (= usef;rma&;aumif;rGefjcif;)&JU taMumif;&if;jzpfwJhç pm;vdkufwJhtm[m&awGudk tnDtrQ aMuusufapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh rylvGef; rat;vGef;wJh ygpu0rf;rD;ESifh jynfhpkHrIudk t"du&nfñTef;NyD;awmh a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ygpu0rf;rD;qdkwmuawmh twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh ukodkvfuH&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ur®Z½kyfawGxJrSm tusKH;0ifaewJhç ZD0dwvQifudk;ckajrmuf&SdwJh ZD0dwe0u½kyfuvmyfawGxJrSm yg0ifaewJhawaZm"mwfwpfrsKd;udkyif tpmudk aMuusufoGm;atmif acscsufay;EdkifwJhtwGuf ygpu0rf;rD;vdkY ac:qdkjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dygpu0rf;rD;utvGefjyif;xefvdkY tvGeft&Sdeft0gaumif;vdkY pm;vdkufwJh tpmtm[m&awGudk wpfcPcsif;twGif;rSmyif acszsufypfvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemufxyftpmopfawGudk xyfcgxyfcg xnfhay;&rSmjzpfw,f/ tu,fíxyfxnfhray;EdkifvQif tpmopftdrf 0rf;a&vTmudk avmifNrdKufaewJhtwGuf usef;rma&;awGu csKdUwJhvmEdkifw,f? tpmtdrfa&m*gawGjzpfay:vmEdkifw,f/ tu,fí 'Dygpu0rf;rD;u tvGefat;vGef;vdkYtvGefnhHvdkY tvGefEkHYvdkY pm;vdkufwJh tpmtm[m&awGudk aumif;rGefpGmracszsufEdkifbl;qdkvQifvnf; tpmraMuusufjcif;pwJh a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;awG jzpfay:vmum cGeftm;awG qkwf,kwfvmwwfjyefw,f/

'Dvdk usef;rma&; raumif;rGefwJholawG[m w&m;bm0emudkpGrf;pGrf;wrH usifhMuHBudK;ukwf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIudk rjyKvkyfEdkifMuawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'Dt*Fg&yfrSm tpmudk tnDtrQ aMuusuf


apwwfwJh ygpu0rf;rD; &Sdjcif;udk y"mexm;um a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfygw,f/

3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ rrrrrm,m omm,m omm,m omm,m omm,m omaaaaaX,s uif;X,s uif;X,s uif;X,s uif;X,s uif;pppppifjifjifjifjifjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJh tjypftemtqmawGudk zkH;uG,fxm;jcif;zkH;uG,faejcif;oabmudk rm,m? rdrdrSm xif&Sm;r&SdwJh oDvw&m;psmeform"dw&m; 0dyóemÓPf r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPfwdkYudk xif&Sm;&Sdoa,mif xkwfazmfjyaejcif; csD;rGrf;pum;awG ajymqdkaejcif;udkomaX,svdkY ac:qdkygw,f/32 rm,m omaX,s 'DESpfrsKd;xJrSm omaX,su rm,mxuf omvGeftm;aumif;wJh vSnfhywfwwfwJh 0Íöemac:wJhavmbOD;aqmifwJh tukodkvfwpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/33

orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk r*fqdkufzdkvfqdkufonfhwdkifatmifwu,fwrf; atmifatmifjrifjrif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvdkwJh olawmfaumif;rSefvQif 'Dvdk rm,m omaX,s tvSnfhtywfawGuif;uif;&Sif;&Sif;eJY bk&m;&Sif&JU xHawmfarSmufüjzpfap odkYr[kwfq&morm;&JUxHüjzpfap oDwif;okH;azmfwdkY&JUxHüjzpfap odvQif odonfhtwdkif;ç rodvQifrodonfhtwdkif;ç ½IvdkY&vQif ½IvdkY&onfhtwdkif;ç ½IvdkYr&vQif ½IvdkYr&onfhtwdkif;ç trSefudk trSeftwdkif;om 0efcH avQmuf-xm;ajymMum;&rSmjzpfw,f/

'Dt*Fg&yfuawmh w&m;ppf w&m;rSefudk wu,fwrf; tvdk&SdaewJholawmfaumif;awGtwGuf tvGefta&;BuD;wJh t*Fg&yf wpfckyJ jzpfyg32 oEÅa'goy#dpäm'evu©Pm rm,m/ toEÅ*kPorÇm0evu©PH

omaX,sH/ (r[m#Dum?1?84/) oEÅa'goy#dpä'evu©Pm rm,mrm,mrm,mrm,mrm,m/toEÅ*kPyumoevu©PH omaX,sHomaX,sHomaX,sHomaX,sHomaX,sH/ (r[m#Dum?1?128/)

33 awaewH omaX,sH rm,mawm Av0w&m 0Íöemwd '|AÁH/ (tEk#Dum?2?219/)


w,f/ psmeform"dawGudk wu,fxlaxmifvdkY r&bJ xlaxmifvdkY &ygw,fvdkYç ½kyfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif wu,f½IvdkYr&bJ ½IvdkY&ygw,fvdkYç emrfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif wu,f½IvdkY r&bJ½IvdkY&ygw,fvdkYç aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;awGudk wu,f½IvdkYr&bJ ½IvdkY&ygw,fvdkYç ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd;(= ocFg&)w&m;awG&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudk wu,f½IvdkYr&bJ ½IvdkY&ygw,fvdkY -- 'Dvdk trSwf (5) olcdk;tBuD;pm; vkyfaewJh a,m*DwpfOD;udk q&morm;awGbufuvnf; opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfawGudk ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm xdk;xGif;odjrifonfhwdkifatmif b,fykHb,fyef; b,fenf;vrf;tm;jzifh oifMum;ay;vdkY &EdkifawmhrSmvJ..¿ olcdk;BuD;awG oGm;wJhvrf;twdkif;omacsmacsmarmarm at;at;aq;aq;eJY oGm;ygawmhvdkY ajym&awmhrvdkjzpfaeygw,f/

4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ tttttm&m&m&m&m&'¨''¨''¨00000 DD DD D&d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = tttttjyif;jyif;jyif;jyif;jyif;tttttxef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;pppppm;m;m;m;m;tttttm;xkwfwJhm;xkwfwJhm;xkwfwJhm;xkwfwJhm;xkwfwJhvkHYv0vkHYv0vkHYv0vkHYv0vkHYv0 DD DD D&d,&Sdj&d,&Sdj&d,&Sdj&d,&Sdj&d,&Sdjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

tukodkvfw&m;awGudk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf r&&Sdao;wJh oDvukodkvfç Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom psmeform"dukodkvfç 0dyóemukodkvfç t&d,r*fukodkvfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh ukodkvfw&m; trsKd;rsKd;awGudk &&Sda&;twGuf jynfhjynfhpkHpkH jzpfay:vmapa&;twGuf pGrf;tifBuD;rm;wJh vkHYv0D&d,ç jrJjrHcdkifcHhwJh vkHYv0D&d,ç wpfqifhxuf wpfqifh jrifhoxufjrifhatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJh vkHYv0D&d,ç aemufaMumif;odkY b,fawmhrS jyefrqkwfwJh ukodkvfw&m;awG jynfhpkHvma&;twGuf rdrdxrf;aqmif&rnfh oDv orm"d ynmqdkwJh 0efxkyf0efydk;awGudk ypfcsrxm;wJh tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJh vkHYv0D&d, &Sd&rnf/


'Dt*Fg&yfuvnf; tvGef vdktyfygw,f/ ]][dk[mawGudk taMumif;jyç xdk[mawGudk taMumif;jyç anmifnufanmifnuf vkyfaewmawGudkawmh bk&m;&Sifu ESpfNcdKufawmf rrlygbl;/ r*fzdkvf edAÁmefudk wu,fvdkcsifvQif bk&m;rBudKufwJh tvkyfudkawmh rvkyfrdatmifom BudK;pm;yg/

5/ 0dyóemÓ5/ 0dyóemÓ5/ 0dyóemÓ5/ 0dyóemÓ5/ 0dyóemÓPPPPP fynmESifh jynfhfynmESifh jynfhfynmESifh jynfhfynmESifh jynfhfynmESifh jynfhppppp kHjkHjkHjkHjkHjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uH pwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;wdkY&JU xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cEmig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JUxif&Sm;jzpfay:vmykHudkvnf;aumif;ç t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg&uH pwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;wdkY&JU t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cEmig;yg; 'ku©opöm w&m;wdkY&JUt<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;ç t0dZÆmwPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uH pwJh taMumif; ork',opöm w&m;wdkYESifhwuG tusKd; cE¨mig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JU cPtm;jzifh O',+0,oabmudkvnf;aumif; [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm ydkif;ydkif;jcm;jcm; xdk;xGif;odjrifwwfwJh O',AÁ,ÓPfESifhvnf; jynfhpkH&rnf/ taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom cEmig;yg;wdkY&JU jzpfrI ysufrIudk xdk;xGif;odaewJh Oyuúdavoq,fyg;wdkYrS vGwfajrmufoGm;wJh 0dyóemÓPfç ,if;ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JUtysuf oufoufudk odaewJh 0dyóemÓPf -- 'D0dyóemÓPfawGuawmh jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJhç udavomxk tpdkiftcJawGudk w'*Ftm;jzifhNzdKcGJ zsufqD;jcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifwJh 0dyóemÓPfynmawG jzpfMuygw,f/'Dvdk 0dyóemÓPfawGeJYvnf; jynfhpkH&rnf/34

34 ynm0g a[mwd O',w¬*grded,m ynm, orEém*awm t&d,m,edaAÁ"dum, or®m'ku©u©,*grded,m/ (r?2?299/)


'Dpum;&yftm;vkH;uawmh 0dyóemÓPftm;vkH;udkyif &nfñTef;xm;aMumif;udk t|uxmrsm;u zGifhqdkxm;Muygw,f/35

'Dvdk 0dyóemÓPftm;vkH; t0iftygjzpfaewJh y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;pvkH;ESifh jynfhpkHnDñGwfaewJh uRwfxdkufool wynfha0ae,som0uwpfOD;udk bk&m;&SifuJhodkYaom q&mwpfqlu naecsrf;tcgüqkdqkH;rawmfrlcJhvQif eHeufrdk;aomufxtcgüç eHeufrdk;aomufxtcgüqkdqkH;rawmfrlcJhvQif naecsrf;tcgüyif t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifygaMumif;udk bk&m;&Sifu 'DaAm"d&mZukrm&okwåefrSm30 a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

or®morÁK'¨*kPfawmfESihf Ak'¨*kPfawmfwdk Ytay:ü ,HkMunfrIo'¨gw&m; &SdrI&JU ta&;BuD;ykHudk qufajymMu&atmif ../

d d d d

35 O',w¬*grded,mwd O',Íö tw¬Íö *EÅKH y&dpädEdwkH orw¬m,? {aweynmovu©Py&d*¾g[duH O',AÁ,ÓPH 0kwåH/ t&d,m,mwd y&d-ok'¨g,/ edaAÁ"dum,mwd tedAÁd'¨ykaAÁ avmbu©E¨m'a,m edAÁdZÑdwkHorw¬m,/ or®m'ku©u©,*grded,mwd w'*F0aoe udavomeHy[Dewåm ,H 'ku©H cD,wd? wó 'ku©ó c,*grded,m/ £wd oaAÁ[dyd£ar[d ya'[d 0dyóemynm0 uxdwm/ (r?|?3?225/)

opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; ] 63 63 63 63 63

tcef; (3)

opömav;yg;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif;

ooooopöpöpöpöpömmmmmaaaaav;&yf w&m;jv;&yf w&m;jv;&yf w&m;jv;&yf w&m;jv;&yf w&m;jrrrrrwfwfwfwfwf

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yXyXyXyXyXrararararaumumumumum##### d*gd*gd*gd*gd*grrrrrokwåefokwåefokwåefokwåefokwåef

bk&m;&Sif[m y&dedAÁmefpHawmfrlrnfh aemufqkH;ESpfrSm y&dedAÁmefrpHawmfrlrD tcsdefumvwdk Yü 0ZÆ Dwdkif;twGif;&S d a0omvDjynfywf0ef;usifwdkYü vSnfhvnfum oDwif;okH;pHaeawmfrlvsuf &SdcJhygw,f/wpfcsdefrSmawmh aum#d*gr&GmodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlcJhygw,f/ xdk&GmrSmbk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfwdkYudk opömav;yg;eJYpyfwJh w&m;pum;awmfudk'Dvdk a[mMum;ay;awmfrlcJhygw,f/


cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudktEkaAm"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemÓPfjzifhvnf; Budrfzefrsm;pGmxyfcgxyfcg xdk;xGif;í rodrjrifjcif;aMumifh y#da0"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifhvnf; xdk;xGif;í rodrjrifjcif;aMumifh36ç 37

igbk&m;&Sifa&m oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawGa&m þodkYuavmuf &Snfvsm;vSwJh oHo&mc&D;xJrSm &SnfjrifhvSpGmaom tcsdefumvwdkYywfvkH; þb0rS xdkb0odkYç xdkb0rS þb0odkY wajymif;jyefjyef usifvnfusufpm;ajy;oGm;cJh&w,f/ wpfckaomb0rSmvnf; xyfcgxyfcg usifvnfusufpm; ajy;oGm;cJh&w,f/

tb,f t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfudk rodwmvJ..¿'ku©t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m"t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&meda&m" edAÁmefodkY a&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;udktEkaAm"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemÓPfjzifhvnf; Budrfzefrsm;pGmxyfcgxyfcg xdk;xGif;í rodrjrifjcif;aMumifhç y#da0"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifhvnf; xdk;xGif;í rodrjrifjcif;aMumifhigbk&m;&Sifa&m oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawGa&m þodkYuavmuf &Snfvsm;vSwJh oHo&mc&D;xJrSm &SnfjrifhvSpGmaom tcsdefumvwdkYywfvkH; þb0rS xdkb0odkYç xdkb0rS þb0odkY wajymif;jyefjyef usifvnf usufpm;ajy;oGm;cJh&w,f/ wpfckaomb0rSmvnf; xyfcgxyfcg usifvnfusufpm; ajy;oGm;cJh&w,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... ,cktcgrSmawmh igbk&m;&Sif[m 'ku©-

36 teEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mwd teEkAkZÑaee/ tyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mwd tyÜ#d0dZÑaee/ (oH?|?3?329??)37 teEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mwd y#da0"ó tEk½lyaAm"mbma0e/ tyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mwd opömeH

y#drkcH a0"mbma0e/ (oH?#D?2?543/)


t&d,opömw&m;/ y / 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',t&d,opömw&m;/ y /'ku©csKyf&m eda&m"t&d,opömw&m;/ y / 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m" edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m; -- þt&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk tEkaAm"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemÓPfjzifhvnf; Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfcgxyfcg xdk;xGif;í odjriftyfNyD;NyD? y#da0"-ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifhvnf; xdk;xGif;í odjriftyfNyD;NyD? b0&JUt&if;tjrpfjzpfwJh wPSmudk t<uif;rJh jzwfawmufNyD;NyD?b0udk oG,fwef;ay;aewJh ajrmif;eJYwlwJh wPSmw&m;udk t<uif;rJhy,fEkwftyfNyD;NyD? ,cktcgrSm b0opfü xyfrHjzpf&jcif;onf r&SdawmhNyD[k 'Dvdk rdefYMum;awmfrlygw,f/

'DokwåefrSm bk&m;&Sif[m rdrdudk,fawmfwdkif t&d,opömav;&yfw&m;jrwfwdkYudk tEkaAm"ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemÓPfjzifhvnf; Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfcgxyfcg xdk;xGif;í odjrifygaMumif;ç y#da0"-ÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifhvnf; xdk;xGif;í odjrifygaMumif;ç 'Dvdk xdk;xGif;odjrifwJhtwGuf b0awG&JU taMumif;&if;jrpfjzpfwJh wPSmork',opömw&m;udk y,fEkwfEdkifaMumif;ç 'Dvdk y,fEkwfEdkifwJhtwGuf b0&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;odkY a&muf&SdaeygaMumif;wdkYudk0efcHum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/38

tvm;wlyif wynfhom0uawGudkvnf; b0tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;vdkYac:qdktyfwJh oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;odkY a&mufatmif twkvdkufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfapawmfrlvdkwJhtwGuf ul#m*g&okwåefrSm39 bk&m;&Sifu 'Dvdk wdkufwGef;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

38 (oH?3?377-378/) 39 (oH?3?394/ eHygwf 1114/)


ululululul#####m*g&okwåefm*g&okwåefm*g&okwåefm*g&okwåefm*g&okwåef

cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufuawmh ajymvmNyD/b,fvdk ajymovJ¿ - ]]ig[m 'ku©t&d,opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGmor®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf rodrjrifbJç'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m"t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m" edAÁmefodkY a&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf rodrjrifbJ ..ig[moHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfjyrnf}}vdkY 'DvdkajymqdkvmcJhrnfqdkvQif ajymqdkwJhtwdkif; jzpfEdkif&mwJh 'DtaMumif;t&mrsKd;[m r&SdEdkifygbl;/

'Dvdk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifu Oyrmwpfckjyumw&m;awmfudk qufvufNyD; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ 'DOyrm&JUqdkvdk&if;uawmh 'Dvdkyg/

txG#fwyfwJh jymom'faqmifaygufaewJh tdrfwpftdrfudk aqmuf-vkyfvdkwJhol[m tdrf&JU atmufydkif;taqmuftOD;awGudk vkH;0 raqmufvkyfbJ tdrf&JU tay:ydkif;taqmuftOD;oufoufudkom aqmufvkyfum txG#fwyfwJh jymom'faqmifaygufaewJh tdrfudk aqmufvkyfrnfqdkvQif b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifovdk -- tvm;wlyJ t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmufxGif;azmuf rodrjrifbJ oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udkjyKvkyfvdkY&EdkifwJh 'DtaMumif;t&mrsKd;[m b,fvdkrS r&SdEdkifygbl;/ 'DvdkOyrmjyum qufvufa[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfvdkY&EdkifwJhtaMumif;t&mudkvnf; qufvufum a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/


cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... yk*¾dKvfwpfa,mufuawmh ajymvmNyD/b,fvdk ajymovJ¿ -- ]]ig[m 'ku©t&d,opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGmor®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf odjrifNyD;wJhtcg? 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&meda&m"t&d,opömw&m;udk/ y / 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m" edAÁmefodk Ya&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGmor®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifNyD;wJhtcg..ig[m oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfjyrnf}}vdkY 'Dvdk ajymqdkvmcJhrnfqdkvQif ajymqdkwJhtwdkif; jzpfEdkif&mwJh'DtaMumif;t&mrsKd;[m xif&Sm;&Sdaeygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ Oyrmjyum w&m;awmfudk qufvufa[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/ 'DOyrm&JU qdkvdk&if;uawmh 'Dvdkyg/

txG#fwyfwJh jymom'faqmifaygufaewJh tdrfwpftdrfudk aqmufvkyfvdkwJhol[m tdrf&JU atmufydkif;taqmuftOD;awGudk aqmufvkyfNyD;rS tdrf&JU tay:ydkif;taqmuftOD;awGudk aqmufvkyfum txG#fwyfwJhjymom'faqmifaygufaewJh tdrfudk aqmufvkyfrnfqdkvQif jzpfEdkifwJhoabmw&m;&Sdovdk -- tvm;wlyJ t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk[kwfwdkif;rSefpGm or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifNyD;wJhtcg oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfrnfqdkvQif jyKvkyfvdkY&EdkifwJh 'DtaMumif;t&mrsKd;[m xif&Sm;&Sdaeygw,f/'Dvdk Oyrmjyum a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfwdkYudk atmufygtwdkif; qufvufum wdkufwGef;awmfrlygw,f/

cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... 'ghaMumifh oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawG[m ..þum; 'ku©t&d,opömw&m;vdkY odatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuprf;yg?þum; 'ku©jzpfaMumif; ork',t&d,opömw&m;vdkY odatmif BudK;pm;


tm;xkwfMuprf;yg? þum; 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m"t&d,opömw&m;vdkYodatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuprf;yg? þum; 'ku©csKyf&m eda&m" edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfwJh r*¾t&d,opömw&m;vdkY odatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfMuprf;yg/

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu wdkufwGef;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'gaMumifh oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfvdkwJhç oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©&JU tqkH;tydkif;tjcm;jzpfwJh edAÁmefudk a&mufvdkwJh olawmfaumif;wdkif; olawmfaumif;wdkif;[m tEkaAm"ÓPfvdkYac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemÓPfjzifhvnf; t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfcgxyfcg xdk;xGif;odjrifatmifç y#da0"ÓPfvdkYac:qdktyfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfjzifhvnf; t&d,opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfwdkYudk xdk;xGif;odjrifatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rSmjzpfw,f/

'Dae&mrSm opömav;yg;udk twdkcsKyfum ajymMu&atmif ../

0dyóemo0dyóemo0dyóemo0dyóemo0dyóemorrrrr ®m®m®m®m®m''''' d|dÓd|dÓd|dÓd|dÓd|dÓPPPPP fjfjfjfjfjzzzzzifh xdk;xGif;odjifh xdk;xGif;odjifh xdk;xGif;odjifh xdk;xGif;odjifh xdk;xGif;odjrrrrrifififififtttttyfwJh oyfwJh oyfwJh oyfwJh oyfwJh opöpöpöpöpömmmmmaaaaav;yg;v;yg;v;yg;v;yg;v;yg;

''''' ku©oku©oku©oku©oku©opöpöpöpöpömmmmm

oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/oHcdawåe yÍöKyg'geu©E¨m 'ku©m/40

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; ½lykyg'geu©Emç a0'Ek-yg'geu©Emç onKyg'geu©Emç ocFg½kyg'geu©Emç 0dnmPkyg'geu©EmvdkYac:qdktyfwJh Oyg'geu©E¨m ig;yg;wdkY[m 'ku©opömw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/

40 (oH?3?369/ 'D?2?243/)


bmudk ½lykyg'geu©EmvdkY/ y / 0dnmPkyg'geu©EmvdkY ac:qdkovJ¿'Dar;cGef;&JU tajzudkawmh bk&m;&Sifu cE0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf cEokwåefrSm41 --- tmoa0gw&m;wdkY&JU tm½kH,l&m (31)bkHe,fajrtwGif;rSmwnf&SdaewJhç wPSm 'd|dwdkYuyfa&muftyfwJh uHu ig&JUtusKd;w&m;vdkYpGJ,ltyfwJh twdwfç tem*wfç ypöKyÜefç tZÑwåç A[d'¨ç MoVm&du(= tMurf;)ç okckr (= tEk)ç [De (= t,kwf)ç yPDw (= tjrwf)ç 'l&(= ta0;)ç oEÅdu (= teD;)vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaeMuwJh ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPfwdkYudk½lykyg'geu©E¨mç a0'Ekyg'geu©E¨mç onKyg'geu©E¨mç ocFg½kyg'geu©E¨mç0dnmPkyg'geu©EmvdkY toD;toD; ac:qdkaMumif;udk &Sif;vif;a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

'Dvdk (11)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh wnfaewJh Oyg'geu©E¨mig;yg;wdkY[m 'ku©opömw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'ku©opömpm&if;xJrSm twdwf cE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f? tem*wfcE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f? ypöKyÜefcE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f? tZÑwåcE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f? A[d'¨ cE¨mig;yg;awGvnf; yg0ifMuw,f .. 'Dvdkponfjzifh oabmaygufMuyg/

ooooorrrrr kk kk k''''',o,o,o,o,opöpöpöpöpömmmmm

bk&m;&Sifonf uRwfxdkwfool wynfha0ae,swdkY&JU tvdktBudKuftZÑmo,"mwfudk vkdufumç £a`E tEkHYtxuf tEkt&ifhodkY vdkufumenf;rsKd;pkHjzifh ork',opömudk a[mMum;jyoawmfrlcJhygw,f/ enf;rsKd;pkHa[mMum;xm;awmfrlaomfvnf; qdkvdk&if;t"dyÜm,frSm tm;vkH;yifwlnDvsuf &Sdygw,f/ tm;vkH;uawmh aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI(= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)oabmw&m;udk OD;wnfvsufyif &Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh

41 (oH?2?39/)


bk&m;&Sifu t*FkwådK&f wduedygwf wdw¬m,weokwåefrSm42 aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)oabmw&m;wdkY&JU ]]taMumif;ESifh]]taMumif;ESifh]]taMumif;ESifh]]taMumif;ESifh]]taMumif;ESifhtusKd; qufpyfum txyfxyf jzpfay:ykHtpOf}}tusKd; qufpyfum txyfxyf jzpfay:ykHtpOf}}tusKd; qufpyfum txyfxyf jzpfay:ykHtpOf}}tusKd; qufpyfum txyfxyf jzpfay:ykHtpOf}}tusKd; qufpyfum txyfxyf jzpfay:ykHtpOf}}udk ork',opömvdYk'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

]]&[ef;wdkY ... tb,fudk ork',opömvdkY ac:qdkygovJ¿

t0dZÆmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ocFg&jzpf\?ocFg&jzpfjcif;aMumifh 0dnmPfjzpf\?0dnmPfjzpfjcif;aMumifh emrf-½kyfjzpf\?emrf-½kyfjzpfjcif;aMumifh oVm,wejzpf\?oVm,wejzpfjcif;aMumifh zójzpf\?zójzpfjcif;aMumifh a0'emjzpf\?a0'emjzpfjcif;aMumifh wPSmjzpf\?wPSmjzpfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'gefjzpf\?Oyg'gefjzpfjcif;aMumifh ur®b0+Oyywådb0jzpf\?ur®b0jzpfjcif;aMumifh y#doaEwnfae&jcif; Zmwdjzpf\?Zmwdjzpfjcif;aMumifh tkd&jcif; (= Z&m)ç ao&jcif; (= r&P) jzpf\?

pdk;&drf&jcif; (= aomu)ç idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif; (= y&da'0)ç udk,fqif;&J&jcif; (= 'ku©)ç pdwfqif;&J&jcif; (= a'greó)ç jyif;pGm ylyef&jcif;(= Oyg,mo)w&m;wdkY xif&Sm;jzpfMuukef\/

þodkYvQif csrf;omokcrzuf oufoufaom qif;&J'ku© tpktykHonf xif&Sm;jzpfay:vm\/ &[ef;wdkY ... þaMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI(= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)oabmw&m;wdkY&JU jzpfpOfudk ork',opömvdkY ac:qdkygw,f}} --- 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

42 (tH?1?178/ wdw¬m,weokwåef)


'Dy#dpöorkyÜg'fa'oemawmfudk tusOf;csKyfvdkufvQif t0dZÆm wPSmOyg'gef ocFg& uHwdkYu taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG jzpfMuw,f/0dnmPf emrf-½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emwdkYu tusKd; 'ku©opömw&m;awG jzpfMuw,f/

twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJhtaMumif; ork',opömw&m;awGaMumifh 'DypöKyÜefb0rSm 0dnmPf emrf-½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emqdkwJh tusKd; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMu&w,f/

tvm;wlyJ .. 'DypöKyÜefb0rSm jyKpkysKd;axmifaewJh t0dZÆm wPSmOyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awGaMumifhaemiftem*wfrSm 0dnmPf emrf-½kyf oVm,we zó a0'emqdkwJhtusKd; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMuvdrfhrnf/

tvm;wlyJ .. twdwftqufqufb0awGESifh oHo&mc&D;rqkH;ao;olwdkYtwGuf tem*wfb0tqufqufawGudkvnf; ykHpHwloabmaygufyg/

a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m 'Dvdk ork',opömw&m;awGaMumifh'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:aeykHudk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifhudk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rSm jzpfygw,f/

edededededaaaaa&m&m&m&m&m"""""ooooopöpöpöpöpömmmmm

bk&m;&Sif[m]]aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabm]]aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabm]]aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabm]]aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabm]]aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOf}}w&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOf}}w&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOf}}w&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOf}}w&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOf}}udkvnf; eda&m"opömtjzpfeJY 'Dwdw¬m,we-okwåefrSmyJ42 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

]]&[ef;wdkY ... tb,fudk eda&m"opömvdkY ac:qdkygovJ¿


t0dZÆm&JU (t&[wår*faMumifh) t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmifcsKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh ocFg&csKyf\?

ocFg&csKyfjcif;aMumifh 0dnmPfcsKyf\?0dnmPfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh emrf-½kyfcsKyf\?emrf-½kyfcsKyfjcif;aMumifh oVm,wecsKyf\?oVm,wecsKyfjcif;aMumifh zócsKyf\?zócsKyfjcif;aMumifh a0'emcsKyf\?a0'emcsKyfjcif;aMumifh wPSmcsKyf\?wPSmcsKyfjcif;aMumifh Oyg'gefcsKyf\?Oyg'gefcsKyfjcif;aMumifh ur®b0+Oyywådb0csKyf\?ur®b0csKyfjcif;aMumifh (tem*wfb00,f) y#doaEwnfae&jcif;

(= Zmwd) csKyf\?ZmwdcsKyfjcif;aMumifh tkd&jcif; (= Z&m)ç ao&jcif; (= r&P) csKyf\?

pdk;&drf&jcif; (= aomu)ç idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif; (= y&da'0)ç udk,fqif;&J&jcif; (= 'ku©)ç pdwfqif;&J&jcif; (= a'greó)ç jyif;pGm ylyef&jcif;(= Oyg,mo)w&m;wdkY csKyfMuukef\/

þodkYvQif csrf;omokcrzuf oufoufaom qif;&J'ku©tpktykH\csKyfNidrf;jcif;onf xif&Sm;jzpfay:vm\/ &[ef;wdkY ... þ aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;wdkY&JU csKyfNidrf;rItpOfudkeda&m"opömvdkY ac:qdkygw,f}} ---

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'Dae&mrSmvnf; t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif;ork',opömw&m;wdkY&JU (t&[wår*faMumifh) t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;aMumifh 0dnmPf emrf-½kyf oVm,we zóa0'emqdkwJh tusKd; cEmig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JU t<uif;tusef r&Sd


ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;udk eda&m"opömvdkY bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ b,ftcsdeftcgrSm 'Dvdk taMumif;-tusKd;awG[mcsKyfNidrf;oGm;MurSmvJ¿

tatatatataMumif;-Mumif;-Mumif;-Mumif;-Mumif;-tttttusKd;wdkY&JU usKd;wdkY&JU usKd;wdkY&JU usKd;wdkY&JU usKd;wdkY&JU cccccsKyfNidsKyfNidsKyfNidsKyfNidsKyfNidrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;rrrrrnfhnfhnfhnfhnfhtctctctctcsdefsdefsdefsdefsdef

a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpDtpOfwus pD;jzef;vmav&m O',AÁ,ÓPfydkif;udk a&muf&SdwJhtcgtxufu &Sif;jycJhwJhtwdkif; taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨mig;yg; 'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JU xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmjcif;udkom 0dyóemÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh odatmif jrifatmif½I&onfom r[kwfao;? taMumif; ork',opömw&m;wdkY&JU t<uif;tusef r&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨mig;yg;'ku©opömw&m;wdkY&JU t<uif;tusef r&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;ykHudkvnf; odatmif jrifatmif ½I&awmhrSm jzpfygw,f/ y#dorÇd'gr*¾t|uxmESifh 0dok'¨dr*¾r[m#DumwdkY&JU43ç44 zGifhqdkcsuft& 'DO',AÁ,0dyóemÓPfydkif;udk tm;opfvsuf&SdaewJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvf[m 'Db0rSmaomfvnf;aumif;ç aemiftem*wfb0wpfckckrSmaomfvnf;aumif;tem*wfwpfcsdefcsdefrSm t&[wår*fudk &&SdawmhrSm jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdkt&[wår*fodkY qdkufa&mufwJhtcgrSm t&[wår*fÓPf&JU pGrf;tm;

43 t0dZÆmeda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd tem*wb0ó ypö,blwm, £ro®ðba0 t0dZÆm, t&[wår*¾ÓaPe eda&ma" uaw ypö,mbm0gtem*wó ½lyó tEkyÜg'eda&ma"m a[mwDwd taw¬m/

(y#doH?|?1?236/)44 t0dZÆmeda&m"m ½lyeda&ma"mwd t*¾r*¾ÓaPe t0dZÆm, tEkyÜg'-

eda&m"awm tem*wó ½lyó tEkyÜg'eda&ma"m a[mwd ypö,m-bma0 tbm0awm/ (r[m#D?2?421/)


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'Dvdk 0¥opömw&m; 0d0¥opömw&m; ESpfrsKd;&SdwJhteufu 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;aewJh &[ef;awmf[m 'ku©opöm ork',opömac:wJh 0¥opöm w&m;ESpfyg;udk tm½kH,lum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;&rnfvdkY45 'Dvdk owfrSwfcsufay;xm;ygw,f/qdkvdkwmuawmh ---

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2/ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHvdkY ac:qdktyfwJhç 'ku©opömjzpfay:vmaMumif; ork',opömw&m; ..

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ur®|membdeda0aom a[mwd? 0d0a¥ ew¬d tbdeda0aom/(tbd?|?2?109/)


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46 tedpöm'd0aoe 0d0da"[d tmuma&[d "ar® yówDwd 0dyóem0dyóem0dyóem0dyóem0dyóem/(tbd?|?1?175/)


'Dae&mrSm 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;aewJh a,m*g0p&olawmfpifwpfOD;[m ---

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tcgusrS tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkY wpfvSnfhpD ½I&rnf/

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47 (rdvdE´?94/ tbd?|?1?186-187/ r|?2?244-245/)


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48 (0denf;r[m0g? 5-6/) 49 (0denf;r[m0g?9/)50 orm" ð bdu©a0 bma0x? orm[dawm bdu©a0 bdu©K ,xmblwH

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51 (tH?1?456/)


vvvvvrrrrr f;okH;oG,ff;okH;oG,ff;okH;oG,ff;okH;oG,ff;okH;oG,f

'Dvdk (32)aum|moawGudk tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSmEdkifEdkifeif;eif; t0g;0pGm ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh odrf;qnf;Ekdif ydkif;jcm;Ekdif½IvdkY&EdkifwJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m vrf;okH;oG,fwdkYwGif BudKuf&mvrf;udk a&G;cs,fum ½IyGm;EdkifaMumif;udk oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxmrSm52 zGifhqdkvsuf &Sdygw,f/ vrf;okH;oG,fqdkwmuawmh 'Dae&mrSm --

1/ y#dulvreodum&vrf;?2/ ta&mifuodkPf;vrf;?3/ "mwfur®|mef;tus,f½IyGm;enf;vrf;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm ta&mifuodkPf;vrf;udk a&S;OD;pGm ajymMu&atmif ../

tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm (32)aum|moawGudk EdkifEdkifeif;eif; t0g;0pGm ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh odrf;qnf;Ekdif ydkif;jcm;Ekdif ½IvYdk&EdkifwJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m tZÑwåaum|moawGudk tm½kH,lvdkYjzpfapç A[d'¨aum|moawGudk tm½kH,lvdkYjzpfap ydkí ½IvdkY aumif;wJhtZÑwå A[d'¨aum|moawGudk tm½kH,lum ta&mifuodkPf;awGudk½IEdkifygw,f/53

1/ qHyifuJhodkY ta&mifndKaewJh aum|mowpfckckudk tm½kH,lumtndKa&mifuodkPf; = eDvuodkPf;?

2/ usifi,fuJhodkYaom t0ga&mifaum|mowpfckckudk tm½kH,lumt0ga&mifuodkPf; = yDwuodkPf;?

3/ ESvkH;tdrftwGif;&Sd aoG;uJhodkYaom teDa&mifaum|mowpfckckudktm½kH,lum teDa&mifuodkPf; = avm[dwuodkPf;?

4/ t½kd;pkuJhodkY txl;ojzifh OD;acgif;cGHuJhodkYaom tjzLa&mifaum|mo

52 (tbd?|?2?243/) 53 (tbd?|?1?235/)


wpfckckudk tm½kH,lum tjzLa&mifuodkPf; = Mo'gwuodkPf; --

'DuodkPf; (4)rsKd;wdkYudk pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif½IEd kifygw,f/ 'DuodkPf; (4)rsKd;xJrSmvnf; t*FkwådK&f wwd,wGJyXraumovokwåefrSm54 bk&m;&Sifu tjzLa&mifuodkPf; (= Mo'gwuodkPf;)udk tomqkH; tjrwfqkH;uodkPf;tjzpf csD;rGrf;ajr§mufpm;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tjzLa&mifuodkPf;udk pwkw¬psmeform"dodkYqdkufonfhwdkifatmif atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;EdkifMuwJh a,m*D trsm;pkuvnf; tjzLa&mifuodkPf;udk ½I&wm tjcm;uodkPf;awGudk yGm;rsm;&wmxuf orm"du ydkíydkí euf½Idif;aMumif; pdwf"mwfuvnf; txl;ojzifh ydkíydkí MunfvifaMumif;udk 0efcHpum;ajymMum;Muygw,f/

'Dvdk ta&mifuodkPf; (4)rsKd;wdkYudk pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;EdkifwJh a,m*DwpfOD;[m <uif;usefaeao;wJh yx0DuodkPf;ç tmayguodkPf;ç awaZmuodkPf;ç 0ga,muodkPf;ç tmavmuuodkPf;ç tmumouodkPf;wdkYudk ½IyGm;rnfqdk&ifvnf; atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;vdkY&Edkifygw,f/

uodkPf; (10)yg;wdkYudk wpfckpD wpfckpD tm½kH,lum uodkPf;wkdif;uodkPf;wdkif;ü pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfxm;NyD;wJh a,m*Dolawmfpif[m t½lypsmef (4)yg;wdkYudkqufvufum ½IyGm;rnfqdkvQifvnf; vG,fulaernfom jzpfygw,f/

½lyg0p&psmef (4)yg;ç t½lyg0p&psmef (4)yg;qdkwJh psmeformywf(8)yg;wdkYudk yx0DuodkPf;rSonf tvif;a&mif (= tmavmuuodkPf;)odkYwdkifatmifaom uodkPf; (9)rsKd;wdkYü ½IvdkY&Edkifygw,f/ tmumouodkPf;udk tm½kH,lum ½IrnfqdkvQifawmh ½lyg0p&psmef (4)yg;avmufudkom &&SdEdkifygw,f/

54 (tH?3?306/)


'Dvdk uodkPf; (10)yg; psmeformywf (8)yg;wdkYudk EkdifEdkifeif;eif;atmifatmifjrifjrif ½Ixm;NyD;wJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;&JU orm"d[mtvGeftm;aumif;wJh orm"dtqifhodkY a&muf&SdvmNyDjzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk tm;aumif;wJh psmeform"dawGudk tajccHNyD;awmh arwåmu½kPm rk'dwm Oayu©mqdkwJh jA[®0d[m&psmefawGudk tm;xkwfrnfqdkvQifvnf; atmifatmifjrifjrif tm;xkwfvkdY&Edkifygw,f/ vdifwltavmif;aumifwpfckudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;cJhrnfqdkvQifvnf; yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufonftxd vG,fvG,fululyGm;rsm;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/ tvm;wlyif Ak'¨gEkówd r&PmEkówdur®|mef;awGudk qufvufum pD;jzef;rnfqdkvQifvnf; Oypm&orm"dodkYqdkufonfhwdkifatmif tvG,fwul pD;jzef;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/ 'Dpsmeform"dvkyfief;cGif tqifhqifhudk tao;pdwf od&Sdvdkygu 0dok'dr*fusrf;BuD;ESifhedAÁme*grdedy#dy'gusrf;BuD;wdkYrSm Munfh½Iygav/

vvvvvrrrrr f;ESf;ESf;ESf;ESf;ESppppp foG,ffoG,ffoG,ffoG,ffoG,f

'Dvdk orm"dawGudk atmifatmifjrifjrif tm;xkwfNyD;wJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m 0dyóemodkY ul;vdkygu orxpsmef,mOf&SdaewJhorx,meduyk*¾dKvf jzpfaejcif;aMumifh w&m;xdkifwdkif; xdkifwdkif; rdrdESpfNcdKufwJh psmeform"dwpfckckudk 0dyóem&JUtajccH psmeform"dtjzpfxlaxmifyg/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh a,m*D awmfawmfcyfrsm;rsm;[mtjzLa&mifuodkPf;udk tm½kH,lum pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif orm"dudk xlaxmifavh&SdMuygw,f/

orx,meduyk*¾dKvfawG[m psmeft*FgawGudk odrf;qnf;wwfMuNyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf psmeft*FgawGudk pwifodrf;qnf;um ÓPfynmjzifhydkif;jcm;,lum 'Dpsmeft*FgawGeJY pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl ,SOfwGJ


um jzpfay:aeMuwJh psmefemrfw&m;awGudk qufvuf odrf;qnf;rnfqdkvQifvnf; odrf;qnf;vdkY&Edkifygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awGESifh psmeormywåd0Dxdwpfck&JUtwGif;rSm twlwuG jzpfaeMuwJhpsmeormywåd0Dxdemrfw&m;awGudk qufvufum odrf;qnf;rnfqdkvQifvnf; odrf;qnf;vdkY&Edkifygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh 0dyóemodkYul;&mü emrfur®|mef;upí ½Ijcif;ç ½kyfur®|mef;upí ½Ijcif; -- 'Dvdk½IyGm;jcif; ESpfrsKd;&SdwJhteuf orx,meduyk*¾dKvf[m emrfur®|mef;upNyD;awmh emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;rnf ½IyGm;rnfqdkvQifvnf;atmifjrifrIudk &&SdEdkifw,fvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/55

tu,fí orx,meduyk*¾dKvf[m emrfur®|mef;upí r½IvdkwJhtwGuf ½kyfur®|mef;upNyD;awmh ½Icsifw,fqdkvQifvnf; psmeforx,mOfr&SdwJh ok'0dyóem,meduyk*¾dKvfvdkyJ "mwfBuD; (4)yg;udk pwifumodrf;qnf;½IyGm;&ef 0dok'dr*ft|uxmu56 ñTefMum;vsuf&Sdygw,f/

b,fvdktaMumif;aMumifh 0dok'dr*ft|uxmu 'DvdkñTefMum;csufawGudk xkwfjyefaMunmae&ygovJ¿ 'Dar;cGef;&JU tajzudkawmh ouúyO§okwåefudk zGifhqdkaewJh 'DCedum,ft|uxmç rZÑdredum,f r[mowd-y|meokwåefudk zGifhqdkaewJh rZÑdredum,ft|uxmç ck'´uedum,f£wd0kwft|uxmç owdy|me0dbif;udk zGifhqdkaewJh 0dbif;t|uxm(= oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxm)wdkYu57 'Dvdk &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/

55 (0dok'¨d?2?222/) 56 (0dok'¨d?2?222/)57 'k0d"O§d ur®|meH ---- ½lyur®|meH t½lyur®|meÍö/ ½lyy&d*¾a[m

t½lyy&d*¾a[mwdyd {wa'0 0kpöwd/ ww¬ b*0g ½lyur®|meH uaxaEÅmoacFyreodum&0aoe 0g 0dw¬m&reodum&0aoe 0g pwk"mwk-00w¬meH uaxod/ ('D?|?2?314/ r?|?1?280/ £wd0kwf?|?179/tbd?|?2?252/)


0dyóemykdif;odkY a&muf&SdvmwJhtcg ½kyfur®|mef; emrfur®|mef;vdkYac:qdkwJh ur®|mef;ESpfrsKd; &Sdygw,f/ ½kyfur®|mef;udk ½lyy&d*¾[(= ½kyfw&m;udk odrf;qnf;jcif; = ½kyfw&m;udk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,ljcif;)çemrfur®|mef;udk t½lyy&d*¾[ (= emrfw&m;udk odrf;qnf;jcif; =emrfw&m;udk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,ljcif;) 'Dvdkvnf; trnfwpfrsKd;pDESifhac:qdkygw,f/ 'DESpfrsKd;xJrSm bk&m;&Sif[m ½kyfur®|mef;½IuGufudka[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rawmfrlwJhtcg "mwfur®|mef;tusOf;enf;tm;jzifh"mwfBuD; (4)yg;udk pwifum odrf;qnf;½IyGm;zdkY&efvnf; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f? "mwfur®|mef;tus,fenf;jzifhvnf; "mwfBuD; (4)yg;udkpwifum odrf;qnf;½IyGm;zdkY&efvnf; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/

bk&m;&Sif[m "mwfur®|mef;tusOf;½IyGm;enf;udk emrnfausmfjzpfwJhr[mowdy|meokwåef "mwkreodum&yAÁydkif;rSm58 a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ "mwfur®|mef;tus,fenf;udkawmh r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefç "mwk0db*Fokwåefç tbd"r®m0db*F "mwk0dbif;ygVdawmfawGrSm59

a[mMum;jyoawmfrlcJhygw,f/ tvm;wlyif t&Sifom&dykwå&m udk,f-awmfjrwfBuD;uvnf; ajc&mtaygif;wdkYwGif tBuD;rm;qkH;ajc&mjzpfwJhqifajc&mBuD;udk Oyrmaqmifum a[mjyxm;awmfrlcJhwJh r[m[w¬d-ya'gyrokwåefrSm60 "mwfur®|mef;tus,f½IyGm;enf;udk wpfrsKd;wpfzkHwefqmqifNyD;awmh a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'ghaMumifh bk&m;a[ma'oemawmft&yf&yfawGudk OD;xdyf&Gufyefqifum 0dok'¨dr*ft|uxmu 0dyóemydkif;odkY a&muf&SdvmwJha,m*DwpfOD;udk ½kyfur®|mef;u pwifum odrf;qnf;vdk ½IyGm;vdkcJhvQif"mwfur®|mef;tusOf;enf; "mwfur®|mef;tus,fenf; 'Denf;vrf;

58 ('D?2?234/ r?1?73/) 59 (r?2?83-89/ r?3?281-290/ tbd?2?83-87/)60 (r?1?242-249/)


ESpfrsKd;wdkYwGif BudKufESpfouf&menf;vrf;jzifh "mwfBuD; (4)yg;udk pwifodrf;qnf;&ef ñTefMum;csufudk xkwfjyefaMunmxm;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ a,m*Dolawmfaumif;wpfOD;[mvnf; bk&m;a[m a'oemawmft&yf&yfwdkYrSm vm&SdwJhtwdkif; bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh½kyfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkY ÓPftjrifqdkufonfhwdkifatmif or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifvdkygu bk&m;&SifñTefMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif;om usifhMuHBudK;ukwfyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;uomvQif ydkí pdwfcs,kHMunf&wJh vkyfief;cGifjzpfw,fvdkYom ,kHMunf,lqyg/ bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfudk ausmcdkif;um q&mhtajymESifhom tvGrf;BuD;vGrf;aernfqdkvQif bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrifa&;rSm rarQmfrSef;tyfwJh yef;wdkifwpfckom jzpfaezG,f&m &Sdygw,f/bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; rusifhwJhtwGuf bk&m;&Sif a[m-Mum;xm;awmfrlwJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk rodrjrifjcif;uawmhbk&m;&Sif&JUtjypf r[kwf? rdrd&JU bk&m;a[ma'oemawmfudk ausmay;xm;wJh rvdkufemwJh tjypfom jzpfw,fqdkwmudkawmh oabmaygufoifhygw,f/

tttttMunfMunfMunfMunfMunf"""""mwfmwfmwfmwfmwfqqqqq dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿

'Dae&mrSm .. "mwfur®|mef;tusOf;enf;udk tusOf;csKyfumaqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

bk&m;&Sif[m "r®o*FPDygVdawmf61 ponfwdkYrSm -----

1/ yx0D"mwf0,f rm-Murf;-av;-aysmh-acsm-aygh[k oabmw&m;(6)rsKd;?

61 (tbd?1?170/)


2/ tmayg"mwf0,f ,dkpD;-zGJUpnf;[k oabmw&m; (2)rsKd;?3/ awaZm"mwf0,f ylrI at;rI[k oabmw&m; (2)rsKd;?4/ 0ga,m"mwf0,f axmufuefrI wGef;uefrI[k oabmw&m; (2)rsKd;

'Dvdk "mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkYrSm tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufvQif "mwfoabmw&m; (12)rsKd;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/61

'D"mwfur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;vdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m orx,meduyk*¾dKvf jzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif xdkifwdkif; xdkifwdkif; BudKufESpfouf&mpsmeform"dwpfckckudk 0dyóem&JUtajccH yg'upsmeftjzpf jyefvnfxlaxmifyg? odkYr[kwf Mo'gwuodkPf;udk tm½kH,lum pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif orm"dudk xlaxmifyg/ xdkpsmeform"dawGESifh psmefpdwåu©PwpfckwpfcktwGif;0,f twl,SOfwGJum jzpfay:aewJh ÓPf&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh tvif;a&mifawGu NydK;NydK;jyufjyufta&mifwvufvuf awmufyvmwJhtcg psmefrSxum ---

rm-Murf;-av;-aysmh-acsm-ayghç ,dkpD;-zGJUpnf;ç yl-at;ç axmufuef-wGef;uefqdkwJh "mwfoabmw&m; (12)rsKd;udk wpfvkH;pD wpfvkH;pD ajcqkH;acgif;qkH; oGufoGufvufvuf ÓPfjzifh jrifaeatmif odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;yg/ tu,fí ok'0dyóem,meduyk*¾dKvf jzpfcJhrnfqdkvQifvnf; 'D"mwfoabmw&m; (12)rsKd;udkyJ pwifum ykHpHwl ½IyGm;yg/

oGufoGufvufvuf ½IjrifEdkifwJhtcg wpfudk,fvkH;udk jcHKikHí ,if;oabmw&m; (12)rsKd;udk ÓPfxJrSm NydKifwlvdkvdk xifvm jrifvmonfhwdkifatmif qufvuf ½IyGm; odrf;qnf;yg/ NydKifwlvdkvdk ÓPfxJrSmxifvm jrifvmwJhtcg ---

1/ rm-Murf;-av;-aysmh-acsm-ayghudk Munfhí yx0D"mwf?2/ ,dkpD;-zGJUpnf;udk Munfhí tmayg"mwf?


3/ yl-at;udk Munfhí awaZm"mwf?4/ axmufuef-wGef;uefudk Munfhí 0ga,m"mwf - vdkY

'Dvdk (4)tkyfpk cGJum ,if;"mwf (4)yg;tm½kHü bm0empdwfudkNidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaeatmif orm"dudk qufvufxlaxmifyg/orm"du ydkíydkí tm;aumif;vmwJhtcg euf½Idif;vmwJhtcg "mwf(4)yg;tm½kHü tvGefNidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaewJhtcg cEmudk,fBuD;udkrawGUawmhbJ "mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU tpktykHBuD;udkom ÓPfxJrSmawGUjrifaernfjzpfygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm ,if;"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkYudkyif tm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufxlaxmifvdkufwJhtcg orm"duvnf; a&S;uxuf ydkíydkí euf½Idif;oxuf euf½Idif;vmwJhtcg a&cJwkH;zefwkH; rSefwkH;uJhokdY MunfvifaewJh "mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU tMunf"mwftwkH;tcJ tpktykHBuD;udk pwifawGU&Sdygvdrfhrnf/

'Dae&mrSm tMunf"mwf twkH;tcJqdkwm bmvJvdkY ar;p&m&Sdw,f/0dok'dr*ft|uxmu62 'Dvdk tajzay;xm;ygw,f/

1/ pu©Kyom' (= pu©KtMunf"mwf = rsufpdtMunf"mwf)qdkwm½lyg½kkHudk tm½kH,lwwfwJh pu©K0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JU rSD&m 0w¬K½kyfom jzpfw,f/

2/ aomwyom' (= aomwtMunf"mwf = em;tMunf"mwf)qdkwmtoH o'´g½kkHudk tm½kH,lwwfwJh aomw0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JUrSD&m 0w¬K½kyfom jzpfw,f/

3/ Cmeyom' (= CmetMunf"mwf = ESmacgif;tMunf"mwf)qdkwmteHY *E¨m½kkHudk tm½kH,laewJh Cme0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JU rSD&m0w¬K½kyfom jzpfw,f/

62 pu©m'dyÍö0d"H ½lyg'DeH *[Pypö,bma0e tm'gowvH 0d, 0dyÜoEéwåmyom'½lyHyom'½lyHyom'½lyHyom'½lyHyom'½lyH/ (0dok'd?2?81/)


4/ Zd0Sgyom' (= Zd0SgtMunf"mwf = vQmtMunf"mwf)qdkwm t&om&om½kHudk tm½kH,laewJh Zd0Sg0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JU rSD&m 0w¬K½kyfom jzpfw,f/

5/ um,yom' (= um,tMunf"mwf = udk,ftMunf"mwf)qdkwmtawGU azm|AÁm½kkHudk tm½kH,laewJh um,0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JUrSD&m 0w¬K½kyfom jzpfw,f/

'Dpu©Kyom' pwJh yom'½kyf tMunf½kyf (5)ckwdkY[m ½lyg½kHpwJhqdkif&m tm½kHwdkYudk tm½kH,lwwfwJh pu©K0dnmPfemrfw&m;pk pwJh qdkif&mqdkif&m emrfw&m;pkawGudk rSD&m 0w¬K½kyftjzpfjzifh (0w¬Kyka&Zmwypö,owådjzifh) aus;Zl;jyKay;aewJh rSD&m 0w¬K½kyfw&m;awG jzpfMuw,f/'Dvdk rSD&m 0w¬K½kyfjzpfaeMuwJh yom'½kyf tMunf½kyfawG[m ]]aMu;rkHrSef]]aMu;rkHrSef]]aMu;rkHrSef]]aMu;rkHrSef]]aMu;rkHrSeftjyifvdk MunfvifaewJhtwGufaMumifh}}tjyifvdk MunfvifaewJhtwGufaMumifh}}tjyifvdk MunfvifaewJhtwGufaMumifh}}tjyifvdk MunfvifaewJhtwGufaMumifh}}tjyifvdk MunfvifaewJhtwGufaMumifh}} yom'½kyf (= tMunf½kyf)awGvdkY ac:qdkjcif; jzpfygw,f/62

'DtMunf½kyfawG&JU taygif;tpkudk CeCeCeCeCevdkYac:qdkwJh ½kyfwkH;½kyfcJawGudk ÓPfESifh rNzdKcGJEdkifrDç ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ÓPfESifh rawGUjrifrDtcsdefumvtwGif;rSm ,if;tMunf½kyfawGudk tpkvdkuf tjyHKvdkuftwkH;vdkuf tcJvdkuf awGUjrifaejcif;om jzpfygw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgrsKd;rSm]]tmumo"mwf}}udk jrifatmif ½I&ef ..txufrSm azmfjyxm;cJhwJhr[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefç "mwk0db*FokwåefESifh tbd"r®m0db*F"mwk0dbif;ygVdawmfwdkYrSm63 bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/tvm;wlyif t&Sifom&dykwå&mudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;uvnf; r[m[w¬dya'gyrokwåefrSm64 ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk ñTefMum;awmfrlcsufawGeJY ywfoufvdkY r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefudk zGifhqdkxm;wJhrZÑdryPÖmot|uxmu pmykd'f (114)rSm65 'Dvdk &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/63 (r?2?83-89/ r?3?281-290/ tbd?2?83-87/) 64 (r?1?242-249/)65 (r?|?3?97/)


1/ tmumo"mwfudk OD;wnfum qdkif&mqdkif&m ½kyfuvmyfwpfckwpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh qdkif&mqdkif&m "mwfBuD; (4)yg;udkrSDwG,f jzpfay:aeMuwJh qdkif&mqdkif&m Oyg'g½kyfawGudk odrf;qnf;zdkY&ef ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lzdkY&ef ñTefMum;jyoawmfrlvdkjcif;?

2/ ½kyfw&m;awGudk ½kyfy&rwfodkYqdkufatmif ½IyGm;odrf;qnf;&müvG,fulaom enf;pepfudk ñTefMum;jyoawmfrlvdkjcif; ..

'Dvdk OD;wnfcsufESpfrsKd;jzifh tmumo"mwfudk ½IyGm;odrf;qnf;&efñTefMum;xm;awmfrljcif; jzpfaMumif;udk &Sif;vif;zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

tttttmumomumomumomumomumo"""""mwfmwfmwfmwfmwfqqqqq dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿

tmumo"mwfqdkwm 0dok'dr*¾t|uxm66ç r[m#Dum67ç 68ESifhy&rw¬'DyeD69wdkYu &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; ½kyfuvmyfwpfckESifh ½kyfuvmyfwpfckwdkY a&m,Suf½IyfaxG;rI r&Sd&ef ydkif;jcm;jyaMumif;jzpfwJh ydkif;jcm;ay;ovdkjzpfaewJh ½kyfuvmyfawG&JU e,fjcm;a'o tydkif;tjcm;udk tmumo"mwfvdkY 'Dae&mrSm ac:qdkvdk&if; jzpfygw,f/

a&SUuajymcJhwJhtwdkif; "mwfur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvm&mtMunf"mwfawGudk tpkvdkuf tjyHKvdkuf twkH;vdkuf tcJvdkuf

66 tEÅ&y&dapä'rwåumed (0dok'¨d?2?225/)67 tEÅ&y&dapäa'gtEÅ&y&dapäa'gtEÅ&y&dapäa'gtEÅ&y&dapäa'gtEÅ&y&dapäa'gwd wHwHuvmygeH touF&um&Pwm, tEÅ&blawm

y&dapäa'g/ (r[m#D?2?354/)68 t,H [d tmumo"mwk wH wH ½lyuvmyH y&dpädE´EÅD 0d, a[mwd/

(r[m#D?2?101/)69 tmumoocFgwm "mwlwd tmumo"mwktmumo"mwktmumo"mwktmumo"mwktmumo"mwk/ y&dawm orEÅawm qdEwd

uvmyEÅ&blwmed uvmyEÅ&blaw[d o'¨ð toHrdóH {uwåHtEky*reH ua&mwDwd y&dapäa'g/ (y&rw¬'DyeD?279/)


tjyifvdkuf ÓPfeJYawGUjrifaewJhtcg xdktMunfjyif twkH;tcJrSmwnf&SdaewJh tmumo"mwfudk jrifatmif pdkuf½Iyg/ 'Dvdk pdkuf½IvdkufwJhtcg tmumo"mwf tMum;taygufawGudk awGUjrifwmeJY wpfNydKifeufwnf; ½kyfuvmyfawGudk pwifum awGU&SdrSmjzpfygw,f/

tatatatataemufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo,emufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo,emufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo,emufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo,emufwdkif;om;wdkY&JU oHo,

'Dae&mrSm taemufwdkif;om;a,m*Dawmfawmfrsm;rsm;uawmh 'Dvdk½kyfuvmyfawGudk ÓPfeJYjrifatmif ½I&rIESifh ywfoufvdkY --- ]bk&m;&Sifu]bk&m;&Sifu]bk&m;&Sifu]bk&m;&Sifu]bk&m;&Sifu½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&ef b,fokwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygovJ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&ef b,fokwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygovJ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&ef b,fokwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygovJ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&ef b,fokwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygovJ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&ef b,fokwåefrSm a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygovJ¿¿¿¿¿}}}}}}}}}}'Dar;cGef;udk cPcP ar;jref;wwfMuw,f/

bk&m;&Sif[m ½kyfuvmyfqdkwJh emrnfwyfum ½IyGm;odrf;qnf;zdkY&efokwåefa'oemawmfwdk YrSm wdkuf½kdufñTefMum;rI rjyKcJhaomfvnf;½kyfuvmyfawG&JU tMum;tayguf e,fjcm;a'ojzpfwJhç ½kyfuvmyfawGudk wpfckESifhwpfck a&m,SufrI r&Sdatmif ydkif;jcm;ay;aMumif;jzpfwJhçy&dapä'½kyfvdkY ac:qdkwJh tmumo"mwfudkawmh ÓPfjzifh jrifatmifodrf;qnf;½IyGm;zdk Y&ef txufrSmwifjyxm;wJh r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefpwJh xdkxdkokwåefawGrSm ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlNyD; jzpfygw,f/

'gaMumifh ]]]]]]]]]]t*Fvdyftpdk;&t*Fvdyftpdk;&t*Fvdyftpdk;&t*Fvdyftpdk;&t*Fvdyftpdk;&}}}}}}}}}}qdkwJh pum;vkH;eJU ]]]]]]]]]]NAdwdoQtpdk;&NAdwdoQtpdk;&NAdwdoQtpdk;&NAdwdoQtpdk;&NAdwdoQtpdk;&}}}}}}}}}}qdkwJhpum;vkH;wdkY[m wlnDwJht"dyÜm,f&SdwJh tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;wpfckwnf;udkom &nfñTef;xm;MuwJh pum;vkH;awG jzpfMuovdk -- tvm;wlyJ] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}}}}}}qdkwJh pum;vkH;eJY ] ]] ]] ]] ]] ]tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}}}}}}qdkwJhpum;vkH;wdkY[m wlnDwJhteuft"dyÜm,f&SdaewJhç ½kyfwdkY&JU tao;qkH;tzGJUtpnf;udk jrifatmif½Ijcif;qdkwJh ½kyfur®|mef;½IuGufvkyfief;cGifwpfckwnf;udkom &nfñTef;aewJh pum;vkH;awG jzpfMuw,f/ 'Dawmh]]½kyfuvmyfudk ½Iyg}}qdkwmeJY ]]tmumo"mwfudk ½Iyg}}qdkwm teuf


t"dyÜm,f twlwlyJ jzpfygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ¿ ½kyfuvmyfqdkwm½kyfw&m;wdkY&JU tao;qkH;tzGJUtpnf;wpfckom jzpfygw,f/ a,m*DwpfOD;[m tmumo"mwfudk ½IvdkYjrifonfESifh wpfNydKifeufwnf;'D½kyfw&m;awG&JU tao;qkH;tzGJUtpnf;udkvnf; NydKifwlawGUjrifaeNyD;omjzpfygw,f/

½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&rrrrrwfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;aaaaawGudk wGudk wGudk wGudk wGudk pppppwifodwJhwifodwJhwifodwJhwifodwJhwifodwJhtctctctctcsdefsdefsdefsdefsdef

'Dvdk ½kyfuvmyfawGudk awGUjrifwJhtcg ½kyfuvmyfwpfckwpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh "mwfBuD; (4)yg;udkvnf; odrf;qnf;yg/'D"mwfBuD; (4)yg;udk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aewJh uvmyfwl½kyfw&m;rsm; jzpfMuwJh tqif; teHY t&om MoZmpwJh Oyg'g½kyfawGudkvnf; qufvufodrf;qnf;yg/ 'Dvdkodrf;qnf;EdkifcJhvQifawmh tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif pwif od&SdNyDjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkodrf;qnf;EdkifwJhtcg rsufpd em; ESm vQm udk,f ESvkH;vdkY ac:qdktyfwJh'Gg& (6)yg;wdkYrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfuvmyfawGudkvnf; ÓPfeJYjrifatmif ½Iyg? ,if;½kyfuvmyfawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh blw½kyfvdkYac:qdkwJh "mwfBuD; (4)yg;ç ,if;"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkYudk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aeMuwJh uvmyfwlOyg'g½kyfawGudkvnf; ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg/ 'Gg&(6)yg;wdkYrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;jcif; ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,ljcif;qdkwJh 'D½IuGufuawmh "mwfur®|mef;tusOf;½IyGm;enf;xJrSm tusKH;0ifaeygw,f/ qHyif arG;nif;pwJh (42)aum|mo tpktykHawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfuvmyfawGudk jrifatmif ½Ijcif;ç ,if;½kyfuvmyfawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyfawGudk odrf;qnf;jcif; ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,ljcif;qdkwJh 'Dvkyfief;cGifuawmh "mwfur®|mef;tus,f½IyGm;enf;xJrSm tusKH;0ifvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/


OygOygOygOygOyg'''''g½kyfg½kyfg½kyfg½kyfg½kyfqqqqq dkwmdkwmdkwmdkwmdkwm

uvmyfwl "mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkYudk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aeMuwJh uvmyfwltqif; teHY t&om MoZmpwJh ½kyfw&m;awGudk Oyg'g½kyfvdk Yac:qdkygw,f/ b,fvdk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aeMuwmvJ¿ Oyrm -- ½kyfuvmyfwpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh 0PÖ (= tqif;)qdkwm uvmyfwl"mwfBuD;(4)yg;wdkY&JU ta&miftqif;rQom jzpfw,f? *E (= teHY)qdkwm uvmyfwl"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU teHYrQom jzpfw,f? &o (= t&om)qdkwmuvmyfwl"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU t&omrQom jzpfw,f? MoZm (= tqDtap;)qdkwm uvmyfwl"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU tqDtap;rQom jzpfw,f?ZD0dw (= touf&SifrIoabm)qdkwm uvmyfwl"mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JUtouf&SifaerIoabmrQom jzpfw,f? yom' (= tMunf"mwf)qdkwmuvmyfwl "mwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&JU MunfaewJhoabmrQom jzpfw,f --þodkYponfjzifh oabmaygufyg/

emememememrrrrr fy&fy&fy&fy&fy&rrrrrwfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;wfw&m;aaaaawGudk odwGudk odwGudk odwGudk odwGudk odrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;qqqqqnf;jnf;jnf;jnf;jnf;jcccccif;if;if;if;if;

½kyfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcgemrfw&m;awGudkvnf; y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif odrf;qnf;&rSmjzpfw,f/orx,meduyk*¾dKvfawGuawmh orxpsmefawGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfpOftcguwnf;u psmeft*FgawGudk ½IwwfMuNyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf ,if;psmeft*FgawGudk OD;wnfum ,if;psmeft*FgawGESifh pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl,SOfwGJum jzpfay:oGm;MuwJh psmefemrfw&m;awGudkqufvufum odrf;qnf;rnfqdkvQif vG,fvG,fulul odrf;qnf;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/ psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;ykHeJYywfoufvdkY t&Sifom&d-ykwå&mudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;&JU psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;ykH 0dyóem


½IyGm;ykHenf;pepfawGudk Oy&dyPÖmoygVdawmf tEky'okwåefrSm70

bk&m;&Sifukd,fawmfwdkifu xkwfazmfum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

psmeformywfwpfckwpfck&JUtwGif;rSm pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;üwnf&SdaeMuwJh zó a0'em onm apwempwJh 'Dpsmefemrfw&m;awGudk wpfvkH;pD wpfvkH;pD tm½kH,lum ,if;psmefemrfw&m;wdkY&JU jzpfrIOyg'fumv wnfrIXDumv ysufrIbifumvwdkYudk ÓPfjzifh jrifatmifMunfhvsuf vu©Pma&;okH;wefwifum ½IyGm;okH;oyfaewJh 0dyóem½Ienf;udkawmh tEky'"r®tEky'"r®tEky'"r®tEky'"r®tEky'"r® 0dyóemvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ t&Sifom&dykwå&mudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;[m yxrpsmefuae pNyD;awmh tmudÍönm,we-psmeftxd ormywf (7)yg;wdkYrSm tEky'"r® 0dyóemenf;jzifh 0dyóem½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlygw,f/

odkYaomf ae0onmemonm,wepsmefudk qdkufa&mufwJhtcg,if;psmefemrfw&m;awGu tvGefYtvGef odrfarGUwJhtwGufaMumifhpsmefemrfw&m; wpfvkH;pD wpfvkH;pDudk tm½kH,lum tEky'"r® 0dyóemenf;jzifh 0dyóem r½IawmhbJ ,if;ae0onmemonm,wepsmeftwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYudk aygif;pk jcHKikHumtaygif;vdkuf tpkvdkuf vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóem½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk 0dyóem½Ienf;udkawmh uvmyor®oeuvmyor®oeuvmyor®oeuvmyor®oeuvmyor®oe0dyóem½Ienf;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/70

tEky'okwåeft|uxmuvnf;71 ,ckuJhodkY psmefemrfw&m;awGudkt&Sifom&dykwå&mudk,fawmfjrwfBuD; 0dyóemÓPfjzifh ½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlEdkifjcif;rSm --- 0w¬m&r®PmeH y&d*¾[dwwm, .. 0w¬m&r®PmeH y&d*¾[dwwm, .. 0w¬m&r®PmeH y&d*¾[dwwm, .. 0w¬m&r®PmeH y&d*¾[dwwm, .. 0w¬m&r®PmeH y&d*¾[dwwm, .. ,if;psmefemrfw&m;wdkY&JU rSD&m0w¬K½kyfESifh ,if;psmefemrfw&m;wdkY&JU tm½kHjzpfwJh uodkPf;y#dbm*edrdwfpwJh qdkif&mtm½kHudk yl;wGJum ÓPfjzifh odrf;qnf;

70 (r?3?75-79/) 71 (r?|?4?60/)


xm;EdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh ,ckvdk 0dyóem ½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlEdkifjcif;jzpfaMumif;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygw,f/

'D&Sif;vif;wifjycsufawGuawmh rsufarSmufacwfrSm emrfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;vdkwJh 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk ½IyGm;okH;oyfvdkwJh a,m*g0p&olawmfrGefwdkY twk,lumusifhoifhusifhxdkufwJh enf;vrf;Oya'oaumif;awG jzpfMuygw,f/Oyrm --- tmemyge yxrpsmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;vdkwJha,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvfrGef[m tmemyge yxrpsmefudk jyef0ifpm;yg/ psmefrSxvQifxcsif; ---

1/ tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHESifh2/ tmemyge yxrpsmefemrfw&m;wdkY&JU pGJrSDí jzpf&mjzpfwJh b0ifraem

tMunf"mwf (= raem'Gg&)wdkYudk yl;wGJ odrf;qnf;yg/

'Dvdk yl;wGJ odrf;qnf;EdkifygrS tmemygeyxrpsmefemrfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;½IyGm;vdkY&rSm jzpfygw,f/

b0ifb0ifb0ifb0ifb0ifrararararaemememememtttttMunfMunfMunfMunfMunf"""""mwfmwfmwfmwfmwfqqqqq dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿

bk&m;&Sif[m t*kFwådK&fygVdawmf tpä&moCFmw0*fwkd YrSm72

b0ifpdwfukd --- ybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåHybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåHybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåHybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåHybó&rd'H bdu©a0 pdwåH = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf wvufvufawmufywJh ta&mif&SdwJhpdwfvdkY a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'Da[mMum;csufukdvnf; t|uxm #DumwkdYu 'Da'oemawmf[mrkcsa'oemawmf r[kwf? y&d,m,uxm (= taMumif;y&d,m,f wpfrsKd;tm;jzifh wifpm;um a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJh) a'oemawmf wpfckomjzpfaMumif;ukd &Sif;jyxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh NydK;NydK;

72 (tH?1?9/)


jyufjyuf wvufvufawmufyrI (= ybó&) qdkwm 0PÖ"mwf(= ½lyg½kH)ü &oifh&xkdufwJh *kPfxl;0daoo wpfrsKd;om jzpfwJhtwGufçb0ifpdwfuvnf; emrfw&m;rQom jzpfaewJhtwGuf ,if;b0ifpdwfrSmta&miftvif;uawmh r&Sdyg/73 'gayrJh ,if;b0ifpdwf[m orxbm0empdwf 0dyóembm0empdwfwkdYvdk ta&miftvif;ukd txdkuftavsmufawmh jzpfapEkdifwJh pGrf;tm; &Sdaeygw,f/

qdkvdkwmuawmh [',0w¬K½kyfudk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aewJh tdrf&Sifb0ifpdwf[m pdwåu©Pwdkif; pdwåu©Pwdkif;rSm pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfaygif;rsm;pGmudk tqufrjywf jzpfapEkdifwJhpGrf;tm; &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk b0ifpdwfawGaMumifh qufumqufum jzpfay:aeMuwJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfwkdif;rSmyg0ifaewJh 0PÖ"mwf½lyg½kH[m ,if;b0ifpdwfESifh ,SOfwGJum jzpfay:aewJh ynmÓPfu pGrf;tifBuD;rm;vQif BuD;rm;ovdk NydK;NydK;jyufjyufwvufvufawmufywJh ta&miftqif; &Sdygw,f/ tqufrjywfqufumqufum jzpfaewJh ,if;b0ifpdwåZ½kyfuvmyfaygif; rsm;pGmwdkYaygif;pnf;rdwJhtcg ,if;½kyfuvmyfwdkY&JU NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf wvufvufawmufyaewJh ta&miftqif;awG[m wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; tpkvdkuftjyHKvdkuf a&m,Sufum qufpyfum jzpfay:vmMuygw,f/

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73 (tH?|?1?45/)


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pppppsmefemsmefemsmefemsmefemsmefemrrrrr fw&m;fw&m;fw&m;fw&m;fw&m;aaaaawGudk odwGudk odwGudk odwGudk odwGudk odrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;qqqqqnf;ykHnf;ykHnf;ykHnf;ykHnf;ykHpppppeeeeeppppp ff ff f

psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;vdkwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m psmeormywådpdwftpOftwdkif; jzpfay:oGm;MuwJh psmefemrfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dvdkodrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm psmeft*FgawGudkomodrf;qnf;&onfr[kwfao;? psmeft*FgawGeJY twl,SOfwGJjzpfaeMuwJhpsmefemrfw&m;tm;vkH;udk odrf;qnf;&rSmjzpfw,f/ ykHpHwpfck xkwfajymMupdkY ../ tmemygeyxrpsmefemrfw&m;awGudk ykHpHxkwfum a&wGufjyrnf/

todpdwf 1-vkH;?tnormef;apwoduf 13-vkH;?aombPom"m&Papwoduf 19-vkH;?ynda`E´apwoduf 1-vkH;?tm;vkH;aygif;aomf psmefemrfw&m; (34)vkH;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

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bk&m;&Sif[m r[mowdy|meokwåefa'oemawmfwdkYrSm74 rdrd&JUudk,fwGif;tZÑwåoEÅmefrSmvnf; um, a0'em pdwå "r®vdkY ac:qdkwJhcEm (5)yg; ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;&ef? tjyifA[d'rSmvnf; um, a0'em pdwå "r®vdkY ac:qdkwJh cE¨m (5)yg; ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/'DvdkñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwGuf a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m tZÑwåcEm (5)yg;awGudk odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcg A[d'¨cE¨m (5)yg;awGudk qufvufumodrf;qnf;½IyGm;yg/

'DavmufeJYawmh rNyD;ao;bl;? ork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfykHudk rdrd&JU or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifa&;twGuf twdwfcEm (5)yg; ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;ç tem*wfcEm(5)yg; ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;awGudkvnf; qufvufum odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;yg/ 'D½IuGufudkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu r[mowdy|meokwåef a'oemawmfawGrSm ..74 £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? A[d'¨g 0g uma,

um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? ('D?2?232/)


ork',"r®mEkyóD 0g um,o®ð 0d[&wd? 0,"r®mEkyóD 0gum,o®ð 0d[&wd ..? 75

þodkY ponfjzifh ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

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xdkpepfudk pHxm;um ½IuGufudk em;vnfoabmaygufap&eftwGuf a,m*DwpfOD;&JU ½IuGufykHpHudk ajymMu&atmif ../

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75 ('D?2?232/) 76 (oH?1?253-254/)


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toD;toD; jzpfMuw,f/

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aAm"awm/ cPawm O','óaee 'ku©opö'ku©opö'ku©opö'ku©opö'ku©opö H H H H H ygu#H a[mwdZmwd'ku©m0aAm"awm/ ypö,awm 0,'óaee eda&m"opöH eda&m"opöH eda&m"opöH eda&m"opöH eda&m"opöH ygu#Ha[mwd ypö,mEkyÜga'e ypö,0wH tEkyÜg'g0aAm"awm/ cPawm0,'óaee 'ku©opöar0 'ku©opöar0 'ku©opöar0 'ku©opöar0 'ku©opöar0 ygu#H a[mwd r&P'ku©m0aAm"awm/,Íöó O',AÁ,'óeH? ra*¾g0g,H avmudaumwd r*¾opöH r*¾opöH r*¾opöH r*¾opöH r*¾opöH ygu#Ha[mwd wMw oar®m[0dCmwawm/ (0dok'¨d?2?267-268/ y#doH?|?1?237/ r[m#D?2?423-424/)


1/ ypö,awm O','óe2/ cPawm O','óe3/ ypö,awm 0,'óe4/ cPawm 0,'óe5/ ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óe + cPawm O',AÁ,'óe

1/ yyyyypöpöpöpöpö,,,,,aaaaawm Owm Owm Owm Owm O''''',,,,,'''''óe -óe -óe -óe -óe - ypö,awm O','óeÓPfqdkwmtwdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJhtaMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh 'Db0rSm cE¨m (5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awGxif&Sm;jzpfykHç 'Db0rSm jyKpkysKd;axmifvdkufwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif;w&m;awGaMumifh aemiftem*wfrSm cE¨m(5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfykHudk xkd;xGif;odjrifaewJh 0dyó-emÓPfudk ypö,awm O','óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdkypö,awm O','óeÓPfjzifh taMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd;w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfaeyHkudk ½IjrifvdkufwJhtcg cEm (5)yg;'ku©opömw&m;awGudk wdkuf½kdufjzpfay:apwwfwJh ZeutaMumif;vdkYac:qdktyfwJh ork',opömw&m;udk udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh xdktcsdeftcgrSm xdka,m*Dolawmfaumif;&JUoEÅmefrSm ork',opömork',opömork',opömork',opömork',opömw&m;[m xif&Sm;vmygw,f/

2/ cPacPacPacPacPawm Owm Owm Owm Owm O''''',,,,,'''''óeóeóeóeóe - - - - - cPawm O','óeÓPfqdkwmuawmh ,if;½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JU cPtm;jzifh jzpfaerIudk tqufrjywf tjzpfoufoufudkom ½IjrifaewJhÓPfudk cPawm O','óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk umv (3)yg;ç oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSmwnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awG&JU tjzpfoufoufudkcPawm O','óeÓPfjzifh xkd;xGif;odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifhxdktcsdeftcgrSm xdka,m*Dolawmfaumif;&JUoEÅmefrSm ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&


w&m;wdkY&JU tqufrjywf jzpfaerI Zmwd'ku©ukd xkd;xGif;odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh 'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opömw&m;[m xif&Sm;vmygw,f/

3/ yyyyypöpöpöpöpö,,,,,aaaaawm 0,wm 0,wm 0,wm 0,wm 0,'''''óeóeóeóeóe - - - - - ypö,awm 0,'óeÓPfqdkwmuawmh --- ,ckb0rSmyJ t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufrnfholawmfaumif;rsm;twGuf ,ckb0tem*wfwpfcsdefcsdefrSmç aemiftem*wfb0a&muf&SdygrS t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufrnfholawmfaumif;rsm;twGuf aemiftem*wfb0 wpfcsdefcsdefrSm jzpfay:vmrnfh t&[wår*fÓPf&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG[m aemifwpfzefb,fawmhrS xyfrjzpfjcif;qdkwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtwGufaMumifh tusKd; cE¨m(5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG[mvnf; y&dedAÁmepkwdudk aemufqkH;xm;umaemifwpfzef b,fawmhrS xyfrjzpfjcif;qdkwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;Muw,f/ ----'Dvdk csKyfNidrf;rIudk xkd;xGif; odjrifaewJh 0dyóemÓPfudk ypö,awm0,'óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk ypö,awm 0,'óeÓPftjrif &SdaewJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m ---- taMumif;w&m;awGuaemifwpfzef b,fawmhrS xyfrjzpfjcif;qdkwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;wJhtwGufaMumifhtaMumif;w&m;awG xif&Sm;&SdygrS xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdMuwJh tusKd;w&m;awG[mvnf; jzpfEdkifwJhpGrf;tm;awG ukefcef;umaemifwpfzef b,fawmhrS xyfrjzpfjcif;qdkwJh tEkyÜg'eda&m"oabmtm;jzifh t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif csKyfNidrf;oGm;jcif;qdkwJh 'DvdktaMumif; tusKd; ESpf&yfvkH;&JU csKyfNidrf;rIukd odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh ---xdktcsdeftcgrSm xdka,m*Dolawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSm eda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömeda&m"opömw&m;[m xif&Sm;vmygw,f/


4/ cPacPacPacPacPawm 0,wm 0,wm 0,wm 0,wm 0,'''''óeóeóeóeóe - - - - - cPawm 0,'óeÓPfqdkwmuawmh ---- umv (3)yg;ç oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awG&JU cPbiftm;jzifh tqufrjywf ysufaerIudkawGUjrifaewJh 0dyóemÓPfudk cPawm 0,'óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk cPawm 0,'óeÓPftjrifudk &&SdaewJh olawmfaumif;&JUoEÅmefrSm ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;wkdY&JU cPbiftm;jzifh tqufrjywfaoausysufpD;aerI r&P'ku©ukd xkd;xGif;um odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opöm'ku©opömw&m;[m xif&Sm;vmygw,f/

5/ yyyyypöpöpöpöpö,,,,,aaaaawm Owm Owm Owm Owm O''''',,,,,AÁAÁAÁAÁAÁ,,,,,'''''óe + óe + óe + óe + óe + cPacPacPacPacPawmwmwmwmwm OOOOO''''',,,,,AÁAÁAÁAÁAÁ,,,,,'''''óe -óe -óe -óe -óe -ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfqdkwmuawmh ---- t0dZÆm wPSmOyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfykHçt0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awGcsKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cEm (5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG csKyfNidrf;yHkudkwpfqufwnf; yl;wGJodrf;qnf;um ½IaewJh 0dyóemÓPfudk ypö,-awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ Oyrm ..

t0dZÆmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\? t0dZÆmcsKyfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfcsKyf\..

ponfjzifh jzpfaMumif;oabmESifh csKyfaMumif;oabmudk wpfckNyD;wpfck yl;wGJum qufwdkuf½IaewJh 0dyóemÓPfrsKd;udk qdkvdkygw,f/

cPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfqdkwmuawmh ---- umv (3)yg;oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom,if;½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awG&JU jzpfrI ysufrI ESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk jrifatmifMunhfum vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpDwifum tqufrjywf½IjrifaewJh 0dyóemÓPfudk cPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdk


ygw,f/ Oyrm ..

t0dZÆmjzpfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfjzpf\? t0dZÆmcsKyfjcif;aMumifh ½kyfcsKyf\ -

þodkYponfjzifh ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfjzifh ½IjrifNyD;wJhtcg --

t0dZÆmvnf; jzpf-ysuf tedpö? ½kyfvnf; jzpf-ysuf tedpö ..

þodk Yponfjzifh ½IjrifwwfwJh 0dyóemÓPfudk cPawmO',AÁ,'óeÓPfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

,if; ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óe + cPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfwdkYum; or®m'd|d jzpfygw,f? 0dyóemor®m'd|dvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/,if;0dyóemor®m'd|dÓPfESifh pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl,SOfwGJjzpfay:oGm;MuwJh or®mouFyÜ (= ypö,awm O',AÁ, + cPawmO',AÁ,vdkY ac:qdkwJh ESpfrsKd;aom O',AÁ,tm½kHay:odkY 0dyóempdwfudk a&SU½Iwifay;jcif;oabm)? or®m0g,mr (= ESpfrsKd;aom O',AÁ,oabmudk odatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaejcif;oabm)? or®mowd(= ESpfrsKd;aom O',AÁ,tm½kHudk trSwf&aejcif;oabm)? or®morm"d(= ESpfrsKd;aom O',AÁ,tm½kHü 0dyóempdwf&JU wnfNidrfaerIoabmwnfMunfaerIoabm) --- tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh or®m'd|d or®mouFyÜor®m0g,mr or®mowd or®morm"dqdkwJh r*¾ifw&m;udk,f (5)yg;wdkYjzpfMuygw,f/ 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk rpD;jzef;rD BudKwifaqmufwnfum usifhokH;aewJh or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0qdkwJh oDvr*¾if (3)yg;wdkYudkyg xyfNyD;aygif;vdkufvQif r*¾if (8)yg; jzpfoGm;Muygw,f/'DavmuDr*¾ifw&m;udk,f (8)yg;uawmh 0dyóemÓPftcdkufrSmjzpfay:aeMuwJh ]]'ku©eda&m"*grdedy#dy'g = 'ku©csKyf&meda&m"odkYa&mufaMumif;usifhpOf}}vdkY ac:qdkwJh r*¾opömw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/


0dyóem½IaewJh a,m*g0p&yk*¾dKvf[m t½lyowåu0dyóem½Ienf;pwJh 0dyóem½IuGufawGudk aphaphpkHpkH 0dyóem½IaewJhtcgwpfcgwpf&H rdrd&JU 0dyóemÓPfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 0dyóemaZm0DxdpdwftpOfemrfw&m;pkawGudkvnf; wpfzefjyefum vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkYwpfvSnfhpDwifum 0dyóem½Iay;&ygw,f/

'Dvdk 0dyóemÓPf OD;aqmifaewJh 0dyóemaZm0DxdpdwftpOfemrfw&m;pkawGudk wpfzefjyefum 0dyóem½IEdkifwJhtcg 'D0dyóemaZmemrfw&m;pkawGxJrSm tusKH;0ifaewJh txufuazmfjycJhwJh or®m'd|dor®mouFyÜ or®m0g,mr or®mowd or®morm"dqdkwJh avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awGudkvnf; a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfu xdk;xGif;odjrifaeygw,f/ ,if;avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awG[m ----

'ku©opömtrnf&wJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkY ÓPftjrifqdkufonftxd xdk;xGif;rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[?emrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkY ÓPftjrifqdkufonftxd xdk;xGif;rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[?

t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg; (= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m; = 'ku©opömw&m;)awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmjcif;qdkwJh ork',opömudk rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[?

t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cEm (5)yg; (= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;= 'ku©opömw&m;)awG csKyfNidrf;jcif;qdkwJh eda&m"opömw&m;udk rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[?

0dyóemÓPfESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awGudk rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[ ----


'Dvdk opömav;yg;udk rodrjrifatmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[w&m;udk w'*Ftm;jzifh y,f&Sm;EdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh ,if;r*¾ifw&m;udk,f(5)yg;wdkYudk avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awGvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm or®m'd|d or®mouFyÜ or®m0g,mr or®mowd or®m-orm"dvdkY ac:qdkwJh avmuDr*¾ifw&m;udk,fawGudk jcHKikHum ajymMupdkYqdkvQif 'Dr*¾ifw&m;udk,f (5)yg;wdkY[m umv (3)yg;ç oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ,if;½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudkvnf; xGif;azmufum odjrifaeMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh 'Dvdkrodrjrif&atmif zkH;vTrf;xm;wwfwJh arm[w&m;udkvnf; w'*Ftm;jzifh y,f&Sm;vsufyif &SdaeMuygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ BudKwifaqmufwnfum usifhokH;aeqJjzpfwJh oDvr*¾if(3)yg;xJrSm or®m0gpmu rdpäm0gpmjzpfatmifç or®mur®EÅu rdpämur®EÅjzpfatmifç or®mtmZD0u rdpämtmZD0jzpfatmif wm;jrpfaESmifh,SufwwfwJh udavomtnpftaMu;awGudk w'*Ftm;jzifh y,f&Sm;EdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh ,if;oDvr*¾if (3)yg;wdkYudkvnf; avmuDr*¾opöm pm&if;wGif xnfhoGif;um avmuDr*¾opömw&m;awGvdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh 0dyóemÓPftcdkufrSm jzpfay:aeMuwJhO',AÁ,ÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifaewJh opömav;yg;w&m;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

,ckajymcJhwJh ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfESifh cPawmO',AÁ,'óeÓPfwdkYjzifh ½IjrifaewJh 0dyóemvkyfief;cGifudk &nfñTef;awmfrlum bk&m;&Sifu owdy|mefa'oemawmftm;vkH;wdkYrSm ork',-ork',-ork',-ork',-ork',-"r®mEkyóD"r®mEkyóD"r®mEkyóD"r®mEkyóD"r®mEkyóD = t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;ork',opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg;


(= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m; = 'ku©opömw&m;)awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmykHudkvnf;aumif;ç tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg;wdkY&JU cPtm;jzifh tqufrjywfjzpfaerIoabmudkvnf;aumif; tzefzef txyfxyf ½IyGm;okH;oyfíae&ef ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/

aemufwpfck ajymMuOD;pdkY --- ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfESifhcPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfwdkYjzifh ½IjriftyfwJh 0dyóemvkyfief;cGifudk &nfñTef;awmfrlum bk&m;&Sifu owdy|mefa'oemawmftm;vkH;wdkYrSm 0,"r®mEkyóD0,"r®mEkyóD0,"r®mEkyóD0,"r®mEkyóD0,"r®mEkyóD = t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;ork',opömw&m;awG csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg;(= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m; = 'ku©opömw&m;)awG csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;çtusKd; cEm (5)yg;wdkY&JU cPtm;jzifh tqufrjywf ysufaerIoabmudkvnf;aumif; tzefzef txyfxyf ½IyGm;okH;oyfíae&ef ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/

aemufwpfck ajymMuOD;pdkY --- ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfESifhcPawm O',AÁ,'óeÓPfwdkYjzifh ½IjriftyfwJh 0dyóemvkyfief;cGifudk &nfñTef;awmfrlum bk&m;&Sifu owdy|mefa'oemawmf tm;vkH;wdkYrSm ork',0,"r®mEkyóDork',0,"r®mEkyóDork',0,"r®mEkyóDork',0,"r®mEkyóDork',0,"r®mEkyóD = t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJhtaMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd; cE¨m(5)yg; (= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m; = 'ku©opömw&m;)awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmykHç t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awG csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd; cEm (5)yg; (= ½kyfw&m;emrfw&m;= 'ku©opömw&m;)awG csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf;aumif;ç taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom tusKd; cE¨m (5)yg;wdkY&JU cPtm;jzifh tqufrjywf jzpf-ysufaerIoabmudkvnf;aumif; tzefzef txyfxyf ½IyGm;okH;oyfíae&ef ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/


qdkvdkwmuawmh ckwifjyaewJh O',AÁ,ÓPfydkif; ½IuGuftrsKd;rsKd;awG[m owdy|mefa'oemawmfjrwfrSm bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif;omvQif ½IaewJh ½IuGuftrsKd;rsKd;awGom jzpfw,fqdkwmudkbk&m;&Sif&JU aAm"dÓPfawmfjrwftay:ü tav;teuf rwkefrvIyfouf0if,kHMunfaewJh MouyÜeo'¨gw&m;jzifh ,kH,kHMunfMunf em,lrSwfom;ygav/

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84 ww¬ udavoy&dedAÁmeH aAm"dyv’auF ta[mod? cEÿ&dedAÁmeHukodem&m,H/ ('D?|?3?83/ r?|?4?81/ tH?|?1?70/ oar®m[0daem'eD?413??)


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85 uwar "r®m tocFwm¿ a,m {0 aom "ar®m tyÜpöa,m? aom {0aom "ar®m tocFawm/ (tbd?1?219/)

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87 edAÁmeH edpöH "k0H oówH t0dy&dPmr"r®H (uxm0w¬KygVdawmf?101/)


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88 eda&m"H tm&r®PH u&dwGm pwåm&dyd opömed ygykPmwd yówd y#d0dZÑwd/(0dok'¨d?2?331/)

89 eda&m"opöaruH tm&r®Py#da0a"e pwåm&dyd opömed toar®m[-y#da0a"e r*¾ÓPH y#d0dZÑwd/ (r[m#D?2?504/)


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91 tbd"r®H y#dAma[aEÅm £ro®ð Zdepauú y[m&H a'wd? oAÁnKwnmPHy#dAm[wd? ow¬K a0om&ZÆnmPH y#ded0awåwd? aomwkumrH y&doH0doH0ga'wd? t&d,ra*¾ tm0&PH AEwd? t|m&ook ab'u&0w¬Lok{uo®ð oEdówd Oau©yeD,ur®wZÆeD,ur®m&a[m a[mwd/ wH wHur®H uwGm Oa,smaZwaAÁm ]*pä 0dCmoma'g [kwGm ZD0dóoD}wd/

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92 (0denf;r[m0g?501/)


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93 (tH?1?18-19/)


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94 (tH?1?315/)


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95 (oH?2?249-250/ ck?1?197/)


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bk&m;&Sif[m owdy|mefusifhpOfa'oemawmfü cEm (5)yg; ½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;qdkwJh 'ku©opömudk odwJhÓPfç ,if;'ku©opöm&JU taMumif;&if;jzpfwJh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh ork',opömudkodwJhÓPfç ,if;'ku©opöm&JU csKyf&m eda&m"opömudk odwJhÓPfç ,if;

96 ('D?|?2?338/) 97 ('D?2?250-251/)


'ku©opöm&JU csKyf&m eda&m"odkY a&mufaMumif;usifhpOfudk odwJhÓPf -'DÓPf (4)rsKd;udk or®m'd|dvdkY ac:qdkaMumif;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/98

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98 ('D?2?249/)


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5/ tbd"ar® 0daewkH99

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101 tbd"ar®tbd"ar®tbd"ar®tbd"ar®tbd"ar®wd emr½lyy&dapäa' 0daewkH e y#dAavmwd taw¬m/tbd0dea,tbd0dea,tbd0dea,tbd0dea,tbd0dea,wd ouav 0de,yd#au 0daewkH e y#dAavmwd taw¬m/0daewkH e y#dAavm0daewkH e y#dAavm0daewkH e y#dAavm0daewkH e y#dAavm0daewkH e y#dAavmwd p oAÁw¬ odu©maywkH e oauúmwDwd taw¬m/(0denf;r[m0g?|?271-272/)


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tvm;wlyJ tcsKdUtcsKdUaom okwåefa'oemawmfjrwfwdkYrSm102

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aemufwpfck -- ur®owådpGrf;tifur®owådpGrf;tifur®owådpGrf;tifur®owådpGrf;tifur®owådpGrf;tiftaMumif;udk qufvufumaqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

tcsKdUtcsKdUaom olawmfaumif;rsm;u t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefocFg& uHpwJh taMumif; ork',opömw&m;awGxJrSm tusKH;0ifaewJhuHqdkwJh ur®owåd&JUpGrf;tifudk ½IyGm;okH;oyfrIeJY ywfoufvdkY oHo,&SdaeMujyefw,f/ tEko,"mwfawG[m owå0gwpfOD;&JU ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOfrSm tikyf"mwftaetm;jzifh udef;0yfwnfaeum tpOfwpdkufvdkufygvsuf wnf&SdaeMuygw,f/ xdktEko,"mwfudk om0uawG[mxdk;xGif;rodEkdifMubJ oAÁnKor®morÁK'bk&m;&SifwdkYom odjrifMuygw,f/owå0gwdkY&JU tvdktZÑmo, tEko,"mwfudk xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlwJhtmo,mEko,ÓPfawmfjrwf[m oAÁnKbk&m;&SifwdkY&JU oEÅmefrSmomoD;oefYwnf&SdaewJh tma0Pdu*kPfawmfwpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ owå0gwdkY jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJh ukodkvfocFg& tuk-odkvfocFg&w&m;awG[mvnf; tedpöw&m;awGom jzpfMujcif;aMumifhjzpfNyD;aemuf csKyfysufoGm;Muw,f/ odkYaomf xdkocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU pGrf;tifur®owåduawmh owå0gtoD;toD;&JU ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOf toD;toD;rSm tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygum udef;0yfwnfaevsuf &Sdygw,f/ ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOfrSm tikyf"mwftaejzifh udef;0yfwnfaewJh tEko,"mwfudk om0uawG xdk;xGif;rodEkdifovdk 'Dvdk ½kyfemrfoEÅmeftpOfrSm tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygum udef;0yfwnfaewJh 'Dur®owådudkvnf; ]Oyg'f XD biftaetm;jzifh xif&Sm;wnf&SdaewJh w&m;rsKd; r[kwfjcif;aMumifh} om0uwpfOD;taejzifh 'Dur®owådudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif; odjrifrIudktcsKdUolawmfaumif;rsm;u jiif;qdkMujyefw,f/


'Dae&mrSm vlUb0odkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhrnfh a,m*D wpfOD;&JUoEÅmefrSm twdwfb0aocgeD;tcsdeftcgumvrSm xifjrifvmcJhwJh ..(1) uHç (2) ur®edrdwfç (3) *wdedrdwftaMumif;udkom OD;wnfumaqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

a,m*DwpfOD;&JUoEÅmefrSm twdwfb0xdkxdku jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhukodkvfocFg&+uHç tukodkvfocFg&+uHawG[m rsm;pGm &SdMuygw,f/'DuHawGxJrSm ukodkvfuH wpfckcku &ifhusufvmvdkY vlUb0 vlUcE¨m(5)yg;udk jzpfay:vmapzdkY&ef tqifoifh jzpfvmNyDqdkvQifç 'Dvdk tusKd;ay;zdkY&ef &ifhusufvmwJh ukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh uH ur®edrdwf *wdedrdwfqdkwJh edrdwf (3)rsKd;xJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;[m twdwfb0aocgeD;umvr&PoEéaZmtcdkufrSm odkYr[kwf r&PmoEéaZm rapmrD tcsdeftcguwnf;u pwifum xifvmjrJ"r®wm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk edrdwf (3)rsKd;wpfrsKd;rsKd; xifvmjcif;[m tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh uH&JU pGrf;tifowådaMumifhom xifvmjcif; jzpfygw,f/103

Oyrm --- 'geukodkvfocFg&uH wpfcku &ifhusufvmvdkY tusKd;ay;awmhrnfqdkvQif ..

1/ xdkuHudk topfwpfzef xyfrHum xlaxmifaewJh ukodkvfuHtm½kHaomfvnf; xifvmwwfygw,f/ Oyrm --- oHCmawmftm; qGrf;vSLcJhwJh ukodkvfocFg&uHu &ifhusufvmvdkY tusKd;ay;awmhrnfqdkvQif aocgeD;umv0,f oHCmawmftm; topfwpfzef qGrf;vSLaewJh uHtm½kHaomfvnf; xifvmwwfygw,f/ odkYr[kwf ..

103 wxm p r&EÅmeH ye r&Pumav ,xm&[H tbdrkcDblwH b0EÅa&y#doEdZeuH ur®H 0g? wHur®u&Pumav ½lyg'durkyv'ykAÁrkyu&P-blwÍö ur®edrdwåH 0g? teEÅ&rkyÜZÆrmeba0 OyvbdwAÁrkyabm*blwÍö*wdedrdwåH 0g ur®Aave qEéH 'Gg&meH tnw&o®ð ypöKy|mwd?

(tbd"r®w¬o*F[?37/)


2/ ,if;ukodkvfuHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhpOfu yg0ifaewJh tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfodkYr[kwf vSLzG,f0w¬KpwJh ur®edrdwftm½kHaomfvnf; xifvmwwfygw,f/ tu,fí orxukodkvfuHu tusKd;ay;awmhrnfqdkvQifvnf; xdkorxukodkvfuH&JU tm½kHedrdwfjzpfwJh uodkPf; y#d-bm*edrdwfpwJh y#dbm*edrdwftm½kHawGvnf; xifaewwfygw,f/tu,fí 0dyóembm0emuHu tusKd;ay;awmhrnfqdkvQifvnf;0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfMuwJh ocFg&w&m;awG&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mqdkwJh tjcif;t&m(3)rsKd;xJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mqdkwJh ur®edrdwftm½kH[mxifvmwwfygw,f/ odkYr[kwf ..

3/ vlom;rsm;twGuf 0uGufum ajymqdk&vQif rdrdoGm;a&muf&awmhrnfh ae&ma'ojzpfwJh urÁvmteDa&miftqif;&SdwJh trd0rf;a&vTmvdkY ac:qdkwJh *wdedrdwfaomfvnf; xifaewwfygw,f/

'D uH ur®edrdwf *wdedrdwfwdkY[m tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh ukodkvfuH&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifhomvQif xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMu&wm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm uHtm½kHudk tav;*½kjyKum ajymvdkygw,f/

'Dvdk y#doaEudk jzpfapawmhrnfh ukodkvfuH&JUpGrf;tifowådaMumifh'DukodkvfuHudk topfwpfzef xyfrHum jyKpkysKd;axmifaewJh taetxm;tm;jzifh 'DukodkvfuHtm½kH[m aocgeD;umv b0ifraemtMunf"mwfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh raem'Gg&rSm a&S;&SLusa&mufum a&S;&SLqdkufa&mufumxifvmaeygw,f/104 qdkvdkwmuawmh aocgeD;umvrSm tvm;wlukodkvfuHw&m;awG[m aornfhol&JU raem'Gg&udk tpGJjyKNyD;awmhtopfwpfzef xyfrHum jzpfay:aeMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk xifvmwJhtcgrSm

104 war0 0g ye ZeublwH ur®H tbde0u&P0aoe 'Gg&yÜwåH a[mwd/(tbd"r®w¬o*F[?37/)


'DvdkuHudk jyKpkysKd;axmifaewJh ukodkvfaZm0DxdpdwftpOf emrfw&m;pkawGudk ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf 0dyóemÓPfwdkYjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;vdkufvQif tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh ukodkvfocFg& emrfw&m;pkawGudkodrf;qnf;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/ 'Dvdk odrf;qnf;EdkifwJh tcsdeftcgrSm raorDtwdwfbufodkY wmplum ½kyfemrfawGudk qufvufum ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf 0dyóemÓPfwdkYjzifh ½IyGm;odrf;qnf;oGm;vdkufwJhtcg twdwfb0wpfcsdefrSm xdkuHudk wu,fxlaxmifaepOfu jzpfay:cJhwJh ½kyfemrfawGESifhwuG ,if;ukodkvfocFg& emrfw&m;pkawGudkyg ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lvdkY odrf;qnf;½IyGm;vdkY &&SdEdkifygw,f/

Oyrm --- txufuwifjycJhwJh a,m*DwpfOD;[m raorD a&SUydkif;tcsdefumvwpfcku iSufuav;awGudk ZD0dw'ge (= ab;rJh)tvSLay;vSLcJhzl;ygw,f/ aocgeD;umvrSm iSufuav;awG[m avSmiftdrfycsKyfxJrS tpDt&D ysHxGufaewJh ur®edrdwftm½kH[m xdka,m*D&JU b0ifraemtMunf (= raem'Gg&)rSm xifaecJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk ur®edrdwftm½kHudkawGU&SdwJhtcg iSufuav;awGudk wu,f ab;rJhtvSL vSLaewJh tcsdeftcgrSm jzpfay:cJhwJh ½kyfemrfawGudk qufvufodrf;qnf;vdkufwJhtcgZD0dw'ge (= ab;rJh)tvSL ay;vSLaewJh u½kPm jy"mef;vsuf&SdwJhukodkvfocFg& apwemtkyfpk emrfw&m; (35)vkH;wdkYudk aZm0DxdpdwftpOftwdkif; odrf;qnf;vdkY &&SdcJhygw,f/ tJ'Demrfw&m;awG[m avSmiftdrfycsKyfxJrS tpDt&D ysHxGufaewJh iSufuav;awGudk tm½kH,lumjzpfay:aecJhMuygw,f/ 'DukodkvfocFg&w&m;awG[mvnf; tedpöw&m;awGom jzpfMuwJhtwGuf jzpfNyD;wmeJY csKyfysufoGm;Muw,f/ 'Dvdk ukodkvfocFg&w&m;awGudk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif xyfumxyfum odrf;qnf;vdkufwJhtcg'DocFg&w&m;awG csKyfysufNyD;aemuf usef&pfcJhwJh aemifb0opfudk jzpfapEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh ]]pGrf;tifur®owåd}}]]pGrf;tifur®owåd}}]]pGrf;tifur®owåd}}]]pGrf;tifur®owåd}}]]pGrf;tifur®owåd}}udkyg ÓPfjzifh odrf;qnf;vdkY½IyGm;vdkY &cJhygw,f? tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh ur®owådpGrf;tm;yJ jzpfygw,f/


'DpGrf;tm;[m tusKd;ay;awmhrSm jzpfaewJhtwGuf xif&Sm;ay:vGifvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk xif&Sm;ay:vGifaewJhtwGufaMumifh ckvdk ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf 0dyóemÓPfwdkYjzifh odrf;qnf;vdkY ½IvdkY &&Sdjcif; jzpfygw,f/

'gaMumifh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh ork',opömudkxdk;xGif;odjrifrIeJY ywfoufvdkY oH,, r&Sdoifhyg/ bk&m;&Sif&JU aAm"dÓPfawmfjrwftay:ü ,kHMunfcsufo'¨gw&m;&SdzdkY txl; vdktyfygw,f/

ygydygydygydygydygydpäpäpäpäpä ed*kH; ed*kH; ed*kH; ed*kH; ed*kH;cccccsKyfsKyfsKyfsKyfsKyf

'Dae&mrSm ygydpä (= ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;)eJY qufpyfvdkY ed*kH;csKyfajymvdkwmuawmh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;awG[m rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJhtjypfawGudk zkH;uG,fxm;jcif;qdkwJh rm,mw&m;awG uif;pifatmifusifhMuyg/ rdrdrSm xif&Sm;r&SdwJh oDv*kPfaus;Zl;awG psmeform"d*kPfaus;Zl;awGudk &Sdoa,mifESifh [efaqmifum xkwfazmf0g<um;rIrjyKMuygESifh? q&morm;awGudkvnf; wu,fwrf; psmeform"dawGudkxlaxmifvdkY r&bJeJY &ygw,fvdkY ravQmufxm;MuygESifh? ½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk wu,frodbJ odoa,mifç aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI(= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)oabmw&m;awGudk wu,frodbJ odoa,mifç ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudkvnf; wu,fwrf; 0dyóemÓPfjzifhudk,fwdkif xdk;xGif;rodbJ rjrifbJ odoa,mif jrifoa,mif [efaqmifum olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; ajymMum;rI rjyKMuygESifh? q&morm;wdkYtm;vnf; wifjyavQmufxm;rI rjyKMuygESifh? tbd"r®ma'oemawmfjrwfudkvnf; bk&m;a[ma'oemawmf r[kwfyg[k oHa,mifvdkufuma<u;aMumfrI rjyKMuygESifh/ w&m;bm0em tm;xkwf&if;jzifh i&J&Gmc&D;udk


pdwfajyvufaysmuf wpfcgwpfacgufavmuf tvnftywf oGm;a&mufum aysmfyGJpm;xGufvdkwJh ,kwfrmwJh pdwfxm;uav;awGudkawmh y,f&Sm;MuygvdkY aemufqkH; wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/

d d d d

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;) ] 153 153 153 153 153

tcef; (4)

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (aemufydkif;)

tttttyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdpäpäpäpäpäuxmuxmuxmuxmuxmtqtqtqtqtqufufufufuf

ygydpätaMumif;udk ajymjyNyD;wJhaemuf r[dpätaMumif;udkqufvufNyD;awmh aqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

rrrrr[d[d[d[d[dpäqpäqpäqpäqpäq dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿dkwm bmvJ¿

r[dpäqdkwmuawmh rdrdrSm&SdwJh *kPfawGudk xkwfazmfum rdrdtaMumif;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif csD;rGrf;pum;awG cyfrsm;rsm; ajymcsifw,f/ypönf;av;jzmudk tvSLcH,lwJhae&mrSmvnf; rdrd&JU twdkif;twm yrmPudk rodbJ cyfrsm;rsm; tvSLcH,ljyefw,f/ 'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk r[dpä(= tvdkrsm;jym;wJh yk*¾dKvf)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/105

105 oEÅ*kPorÇm0em"dyÜga,m y#d*¾[aP trwånL r[dapäm/ ,H oEm,0kwåH - ]]£a"uapöm oa'¨g ormaem ]oa'¨gwd rH Zaem Zmemwl}wd£päwd ? oDv0g ormaem ]oDv0gwd r H Zaem Zmemwl}wd£päwD}}wdtm'd (0dbif;? 851/ O'ge?|?206/)


'Dvdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;[m rdrdu wu,foDvjzLpifaeol jzpfcJhvQifvnf;rdrdoDvjzLpifaMumif;udk olwpfyg;awGudk odyfNyD;awmh odapcsifw,f?odatmifvnf; ajymwwfjyefw,f/ rdrdrSm Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaompsmeform"dawG wu,fxif&Sm;&SdaevQifvnf; rdrdrSm Oypm& tyÜemESpfjzmaom psmeform"dawG xif&Sm;&Sdaewmudk olwpfyg;awGudk odyfodapcsifw,f? odatmifvnf; ajymjywwfjyefw,f/ rdrdrSm wu,fhy&rwftppf "mwftESpfjzpfMuwJh ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awG&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudk wu,fxifxif&Sm;&Sm; xdk;xGif;odjrifwwfwJh wu,fh0dyóemÓPfynmtppfawG wu,fxif&Sm;&SdaejyefvQifvnf; 'Dvdk 0dyóemÓPfawG wu,fxif&Sm;&Sdaewmudk olwpfyg;awGudk odyfNyD;awmhodapcsifw,f? odatmifvnf; ajymjywwfjyefw,f/ tvm;wlyJ rdrdrSmxif&Sm;&SdaewJh tjcm;tjcm;aom *kPfyk'fawGudkvnf; xkwfazmfumrdrdtaMumif;udk rdrdudk,fwdkif ] ]] ]] ]] ]] ][dr0EÅmcsD;rGrf;cef;awG[dr0EÅmcsD;rGrf;cef;awG[dr0EÅmcsD;rGrf;cef;awG[dr0EÅmcsD;rGrf;cef;awG[dr0EÅmcsD;rGrf;cef;awG} }} }} }} }} } zGifhqdkaewwfjyefw,f/

'gwGifvm;qdkawmh ruao;ygbl; ../ 'Dvdk r[dpäyk*¾dKvfESifhywfoufvdkY O'get|uxm ponfwdkYrSm106 twdkif;t&SnfyrmPudkrodrIç tvdkrsm;jym;rIESifh qufpyfum av;rsKd;av;pm; zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

1/ y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif;ç2/ y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif;ç3/ y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif;ç4/ 0dóZÆe = pGefYvTwfjcif;

qdkNyD;awmh av;rsKd;av;pm; zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

106 (O'ge?|?231/ oH?|?3?67/ r?|?2?166/)


1/ y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif;y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif;y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif;y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif;y&da,oe = &SmrSD;jcif; ---- rdrdrSm wu,fvdktyfaewJh twdkif;twmyrmPavmufudkom tyfaomenf;jzifh &SmazGjcif;udkyJ bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlygw,f/ tyfaomenf;jzifh &SmazGjcif;qdkwmuawmhqGrf;cH0wfjzifh &SmazGjcif;ç aqGrsKd;awmfpyfol ypönf;av;yg; tvSLcH&efawmif;cH&ef rdrdtm; zdwfMum;xm;olwdkYxHüom rdrdrSm wu,fvdktyfaewJh twdkif;twmyrmPavmufudk EIdif;csdefNyD;awmh qGrf;ypönf;aq;ypönf; pwJh &[ef;awmfwdkYESifh tyfpyfwJh ypönf;rsm;udkomvQiftvSLcH,ljcif; awmif;cHjcif;udk 0denf;a'oemawmfESifhtnD tyfpyfwJhenf;vrf;jzifh ypönf;av;yg;udk &SmazGjcif;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

odkYaomf rdrdrSm wu,fwrf;vdktyfaewJh twdkif;twmyrmPxufydkí tvSLcH,ljcif;ç aqGrsKd;rawmfol ypönf;av;yg; awmif;cH&ef rzdwfMum;xm;olwdkYxHü rdrdtvdk&SdwJh ypönf;rsm;udk awmif;cHjcif; tvSLcH,ljcif;rsm;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifu wm;jrpfxm;awmfrlygw,f? rtyfaom&SmrSD;jcif;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ opfoD;ay;jcif; yef;ay;jcif;aq;ukjcif; aA'ifa[mjcif;ponfjzifh 'g,umwdkY&JU &wemokH;yg;udkMunfndKaewJh ppfrSefwJh o'¨gw&m;udk ysufpD;oGm;atmif zsufqD;umopfoD;ay;vdkY yef;ay;vdkY aq;ukvdkY aA'ifa[mvdkY rdrdtay:rSm MunfndKvmjcif; pwJh o'gtwkta,mifawG jzpfay:vmatmif jyKvkyfjcif;jzifhypönf;av;yg;udk &&Sdatmif &SmazGjcif;udkvnf; rtyfaom &SmazGjcif;vdkYyJac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk rtyfaom &SmrSD;jcif;jzifh ypönf;av;yg;udk &SmazGjcif;rsKd;udk ypönf;av;yg;udk &SmazG&mü r[dpä (= tvdk&r®uf rsm;jym;ol)[kac:qdkygw,f/

2/ y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif;y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif;y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif;y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif;y#d*¾[P = cH,ljcif; ---- ypönf;av;yg;udk tvSLcH,lwJh ae&mrSmvnf; twdkif;twmyrmPudk odzdkYvdkygw,f/


(u) vSLzG,f0w¬Kuawmh rsm;aew,f? odkYaomf tvSL'g,umuenf;enf;yJ vSLcsifw,fqdkvQif enf;enf;yJ vSLcsifaewJh 'g,um&JUtvdkqE´udk vdkufavsmum enf;enf;yJ tvSLcH,l&ygw,f/

( c ) tvSL'g,umuawmh cyfrsm;rsm;yJ vSLcsifw,f? odkYaomfvSLzG,f0w¬Ku enf;aew,fqdkvQifvnf; vSLzG,f0w¬Kenf;yg;rIudkMunhfNyD;awmh enf;enf;yJ tvSLcH,l&ygw,f/

( * ) vSLzG,f0w¬Kuvnf; rsm;aew,f? tvSL'g,umuvnf;rsm;rsm;yJ vSLcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh rdrd pm;okH;EdkifwJh okH;pGJEdkifwJh twdkif;twmyrmPudk EIdif;csdefum rdrdESifh rQw½kHavmufudkom cH,lyg/

'Dvdk tvSLcH,lwJh enf;pepfuawmh bk&m;&Sifu wynfhom0uawGudk ay;oem;oGm;awmfrlwJh tvSLcH,lykH enf;pepfaumif;wpfckyJjzpfygw,f/ tvSLcH,l&mü twdkif;t&SnfyrmPudk odwJh tvSLcH,lenf;rsKd; jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJh pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsuf enf;pepfudk ausmfvGefum rdrdtwdkif;twmyrmPudkrodbJ rsm;rsm;tvSLcH,laewJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk r[dpä (= tvdk&r®ufrsm;jym;ol)vdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/

3/ y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif;y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif;y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif;y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif;y&dabm* = okH;aqmifjcif; ---- ypönf;av;yg;udk okH;pGJwJhtydkif;rSmvnf; bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJh -- y#docFg a,medaompD0&H y#dao0grd .. pwJh qdkif&mqdkif&m ypöa0u©PmqifjcifykH enf;pepfawGudk ypöa0u©PmÓPftoD;toD;jzifh qifjcifum .. ypönf;av;yg;udk okH;aqmifyg/ ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifh rqifjcifbJ ypönf;av;yg;udkokH;pGJrIrsKd;udk bk&m;&Sif[m ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlyg? £Py&dabm* = a<u;NrD,lum okH;pGJolç ypöa0u©PmÓPfta<u;awG wpfykHBuD;jzifh ypönf;av;yg;udk okH;pGJaeolvdkY bk&m;&Sifu owfrSwfxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dvdkypönf;av;yg;udk okH;aqmifwJhtcgrSm ypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifh qifjcifrI


rjyKawmhbJ -- ][dkypönf;udk okH;pGJvdkufç 'Dypönf;udk okH;pGJvdkuf} ponfjzifhrdrdokH;pGJcsifwJh ypönf;udk okH;pGJcsifovdk okH;pGJaewJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk r[dpä(= ypönf;av;yg;udk okH;aqmif&mü tvdk&r®uf rsm;jym;ol)vdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/

aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh aq;ypönf;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk tema&m*gqdkwJhtaMumif;w&m; xif&Sm;&SdygrS okH;pGJzdkY&ef bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ pyg; (7)rsKd;wdkYjzihf pDrHazmfpyfxm;wJh bmvDazsmf&nfvdktazsmf,rumtrsKd;rsKd;ç o*Fg,emrax&fjrwfwdkY 0denf;r[mya'o(4)yg;ESifh n§dum y,f&Sm;xm;awmfrlcJhwJh ocGm;okH;rsKd; ydEéJESpfrsKd; tkef;oD;xef;oD; bl; z½kHqdkwJh toD;BuD; (9)rsKd;wdkYjzifh pDrHjyKjyifxm;wJh azsmf&nftrsKd;rsKd; -- 'Dvdk rtyfwJh azsmf&nftrsKd;rsKd;rSvGJí &[ef;awmfwdkYESifhtyfpyfwJh a&at;jzifh azsmfpyfxm;wJh tazsmf,rumrsm;udkvnf;rGef;vGJydkif;ü qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m; xif&Sm;&SdygrSomvQif okH;aqmif&ef bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

rusef;rmol *dvmeyk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; wifvJcJudk (= xef;vsufcJudk =MuHoumcJudk) okH;aqmif&efç axmywf qDO qD ysm;&nfwdkYudkvnf;okH;aqmif&ef bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf usef;rma&;aumif;rGefaewJh &[ef; omraPrsm;udkawmh rGef;vGJtcgüqmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m;aMumifh ,if;wifvJcJ(= xef;vsufcJ = oMum;cJ = oMum;vkH; = MuHoumcJ)udk okH;aqmifjcif;çaxmywf qDO qD ysm;&nfwdkYudk okH;aqmifjcif;wdkYudk bk&m;&Sifu wm;jrpfxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh usef;rma&;aumif;aewJh qmavmifrGwfodyfaewJh &[ef;omraPrsm;udkawmh rGef;vGJydkif;tcgü a&jzifhazsmfpyfxm;wJh wifvJazsmf&nf (= xef;vsufazsmf&nf = MuHoumazsmf&nf = oMum;&nf = MuH&nf)wdkYudk bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKawmfrlcJhyg


w,f/107 'Dae&mrSmvnf; tema&m*gr&SdbJ aq;trsKd;rsKd;udk okH;pGJjcif;çrGef;vGJydkif;ü qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;aMumifh wifvJcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh axmywf qDO qD ysm;&nfwdkYudk okH;pGJjcif;ç qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m; xif&Sm;r&SdbJ rGef;vGJydkif;ü azsmf&nftrsKd;rsKd;ESifhwifvJazsmf&nf (= xef;vsufazsmf&nf = MuHoumazsmf&nf = MuH&nf)wdkYudk aomufokH;jcif;ç qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;w&m;xif&Sm;&Sdonfyifjzpfap r&Sdonfyifjzpfap rGef;vGJydkif;ü 0denf;r[m0gygVdawmfü108 bk&m;&Sif wm;jrpfxm;awmfrlNyD;jzpfwJh ]]yuú!mu&o}}vdkY109

ac:qdkwJh rD;jzifh usKdcsufxm;wJh opf&Gufazsmf&nf trsKd;rsKd; opfoD;azsmf&nftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk aomufokH;jcif;wdkY[mvnf; r[dpä (= aq;ypönf;azsmf&nfypönf;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk okH;aqmif&mü tvdk&r®uf rsm;jym;ol)vdkYyJac:qdkygw,f/

4/ 0dó0dó0dó0dó0dóZÆe = ZÆe = ZÆe = ZÆe = ZÆe = pGefYvTwfjcif;pGefYvTwfjcif;pGefYvTwfjcif;pGefYvTwfjcif;pGefYvTwfjcif; ---- ausmif;wnf&majrç ausmif;taqmuftOD;ç ausmif;tokH;taqmify&dabm*ypönf;rsm; jzpfMuwJhtdk;cGufyef;uef pwJh *½kbPfypönf;trsKd;rsKd;awGuawmh rnfolUudkrQrpGefYvTwfaumif;wJh ypönf;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ odkYaomf qGrf;ypönf;aq;ypönf; pwJh *½kbPf r[kwfwJh tcsKdUtcsKdUaom ypönf;rsm;udkawmhrdbt&if;jzpfolwdkYtm; pGefYvTwfjcif;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/110 <uif;usefaewJhyk*¾dKvfawGudk 'Dypönf;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk

107 tEkZmemrd bdu©Ka0 *dvmeó *kVH? t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH/(0denf;r[m0g?320/)

108 tEkZmemrd bdu©Ka0 oAÁH zv&oH XaywGm "nzv&oH/ tEkZmemrdbdu©Ka0 oAÁH ywå&oH XaywGm !mu&oH/ (0denf;r[m0g?344/)

109 !mu&o!mu&o!mu&o!mu&o!mu&oEÅd yuú!mu&oH/ (0denf;r[m0g?|?383/)110 rdrda0,sm0pö oHCmha0,sm0pöwdkYudk tzdk;tcr,lbJ aqmif&GufaewJh

bdu©Kedódwua0,sm0pöorm;ESifh rdba0,sm0pöwdkYudk tzdk;tcr,lbJaqmif&GufaewJh a0,sm0pöorm;rsm;udk cRif;csufxm;xm;ygw,f/


pGefYvTwfjcif;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifu odu©myk'fawmfrsm; ynwfum wm;jrpfxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf &[ef;awmf wpfyg;[m bk&m;&Sifub,fvdkyif wm;jrpfxm;aomfvnf; vdkufemrIrjyKbJ rdrdpGefYcsifwJhypönf;udkrdrday;csifwJhypönf;udk rdrdpGefYcsifwJhyk*¾dKvftm; rdrday;csifwJhyk*¾dKvftm;pGefYcsifovdkpGefYw,f ay;csifovdkay;w,f? 'Dvdk&[ef;awmfrsKd;[m r[dpä(= ypönf;udk pGefY&mü tvdkrsm;jym;ol)vdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dvdk ypönf;awGudk rtyfaomenf;jzifh pGefYcsifovdkpGefYaewJh &[ef;-awmf&JUpdwfxm;udk tuJcwfMunfhvdkufvQif olUpdwfxm;&JU aemufcHbuf*a&mif;rSmawmh vQKdU0Sufcsuf tvdkqEtrsKd;rsKd;awGawmh &Sdaew,fvdkY okH;oyfvdkY&Edkifygw,f? ]iSufaysmoD;ay;vQif tkef;oD;&vdrfhrnf}qdkwJharQmfvifhcsufrsKd;uawmh &Sdaewwfygw,f/ 'Dvkd tvdkqE´trsKd;rsKd;awGudkyJ r[dpä (= tvdk&r®uf rsm;jym;ol)vdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/

ckajymcJhwJh r[dpäyk*¾dKvf (4)rsKd;xJu ypönf;av;yg;udk cH,l&mürdrd&JUtwdkif;t&SnfyrmPudk wwfodem;vnfrI r&SdwJhç wif;wdrfa&mifh&JrIvnf; r&SdwJh r[dpäyk*¾dKvf&JUtvdkqE´udk wif;wdrfa&mifh&JoGm;atmifjyKvkyfay;zdkY&ef tvGefcufcJvSygw,f/ 'Dvdk cufcJwJhtwGufaMumifharG;rdcift&if;uaomfvnf;yJ olU&JUpdwf"mwfudk auseyfrI&oGm;atmifodrf;oGif;qGJaqmifzdkY&ef rpGrf;Edkifjzpfaewwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh O'get|uxmu 'Dvdk qufvufum zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlygw,f ../

rarararara&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;&mifh&JEdkifwJh w&m;okH;rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

t*¾du©aE¨m orka'´g p? r[dapäm pmyd yk*¾avm/t*¾du©aE¨m orka'´g p? r[dapäm pmyd yk*¾avm/t*¾du©aE¨m orka'´g p? r[dapäm pmyd yk*¾avm/t*¾du©aE¨m orka'´g p? r[dapäm pmyd yk*¾avm/t*¾du©aE¨m orka'´g p? r[dapäm pmyd yk*¾avm/oua#[d ypöa, a'Eoua#[d ypöa, a'Eoua#[d ypöa, a'Eoua#[d ypöa, a'Eoua#[d ypöa, a'EÅÅ ÅÅ Å K? wa,mayaw twyÜd,m/K? wa,mayaw twyÜd,m/K? wa,mayaw twyÜd,m/K? wa,mayaw twyÜd,m/K? wa,mayaw twyÜd,m/111

111 (O'ge?|?206/)


1/ t*¾du©E¨ = rD;ykHBuD;2/ ork'´ = ork'´&myifv,f3/ r[dpä = tvdkrsm;jym;ol ..

'D (3)rsKd;wdkYudk ypönf;awGudk vSnf;tjynfhwifum xyfumxyfumxnfhay;aeaomfvnf; a&mifh&JoGm;atmif jyKvkyfay;zdkY&efum; rpGrf;Edkifay/

rD;ykHBuD;xJodkY ypönf;awGudk vSnf;tjynfhwifum xyfumxyfumxnfhay;aeaomfvnf; 'DrD;ykHBuD;rSm a&mifh&JoGm;w,fvdkY r&Sdyg/ ork'&myifv,fjyifBuD;xJodkY ypönf;awGudk vSnf;tjynfhwifum xyfumxyfumoGefcsay;aeayr,fhvdkY r[mork'´&myifv,fBuD;uvnf; a&mifh&JoGm;w,fvdkY r&Sdyg/ tvm;wlyJ r[dpä (= tvdkrsm;jym;ol)udk ypönf;awGudkvSnf;tjynfhwifum xyfumxyfum ay;vSLaeaomfvnf; xdkyk*¾dKvfrsKd;&JU tvdkqEawGudk a&mifh&JoGm;atmif wif;wdrfoGm;atmif arG;rdcif&if;uaomfvnf; jyKvkyfay;zdkY&ef rpGrf;Edkifyg/

tttttyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdpäpäpäpäpäyk*¾dKvfyk*¾dKvfyk*¾dKvfyk*¾dKvfyk*¾dKvf

tyÜdpäqdkwmuawmh 'Dvdkyg/ ckajymcJhNyD;wJh ..

1/ tydktvGefawGudk tvdk&Sdjcif; tBwdpä2/ ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;&dSjcif; ygydpä3/ tvdk&r®ufrsm;jym;jcif; r[dpä ..

qdkwJh 'Dvdk ,kwfnHhwJh tukodkvftvdkqdk; (3)rsKd;udk cyfa0;a0;ua&Smif&Sm;NyD;awmh rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJh oDv orm"d ynmpwJh*kPfaus;Zl;t&yf&yfawGudk xkwfazmfcsD;usL;rI xif&Sm;azmfjyrI rjyKvkyfbJypönf;av;jzmudk tvSLcH,l&mü rdrd&JU twdkif;t&SnfyrmPudk EIdif;&Snfhum rdrdESifh rQwavmuf½kHrQudkom tvSLcH,ljcif; tvdk&Sdjcif;rsKd;udk


tvdkenf;yg;jcif; (= tyÜdpä)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;aewJhyk*¾dKvfrsKd;udkvnf; tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dvdk tyÜdpä*kPfESifh jynfhpkHaewJh tvdkenf;yg;aewJh olawmfaumif;[m rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJh *kPfawGudk zkH;uG,fxm;vdkwJh aumif;rGefwJhrGefjrwfwJh tvdkqE´awGom xif&Sm;&SdaewJhtwGuf ..

1/ rdrdrSm o'¨gw&m; xif&Sm;&Sdaeaomfvnf; o'¨gw&m; xif&Sm;&SdaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;yJvdkY rdrdudk vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdkr&Sd?

2/ rdrdrSm oDv*kPfaus;Zl;w&m; ..

3/ tMum;+tjrif A[kókwrsm;jym;jcif; *kPfaus;Zl;w&m; ..

4/ 0da0uokH;jzmü arGUavsmfaysmfydkuf ESpfNcdKufjcif;*kPfaus;Zl;w&m;..

5/ tukodkvfw&m;awGudk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&; ukodkvfw&m;awG jynhfpkHvma&;twGuf tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJh vkHYv0D&d,*kPfaus;Zl;w&m; ..

6/ owdy|mef (4)yg;wdkYü tpOfyGm;rsm;aewJh xifvif;wJh owdw&m;xif&Sm;&Sdjcif; *kPfaus;Zl;w&m; ..

7/ Oypm& tyÜem ESpfjzmaom orm"dw&m; xif&Sm;&Sd jcif; *kPfaus;Zl;w&m; ..

8/ 0dyóemÓPfynmtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh jynhfpkHaejcif; *kPfaus;Zl;w&m;..

'Dvdk trsKd;rsKd;aom *kPfaus;Zl;w&m;awG rdrdrSm wu,fxif&Sm;wnf&Sdaeaomfvnf; rdrdudk 'Dvdk *kPfaus;Zl;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh jynhfpkHaewJholawmfaumif;ygvdkY vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdkr&Sd/112

112 (O'ge?|?206/)


tttttyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdyÜdpäpäpäpäpäyk*¾dKvf yk*¾dKvf yk*¾dKvf yk*¾dKvf yk*¾dKvf aaaaav;v;v;v;v;rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

'Dae&mrSm O'get|uxmu tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf av;rsKd;taMumif;udkqufvufum &Sif;vif;zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ 'Dtvdkenf;yg;aewJh (= tyÜdpä)yk*¾dKvfav;rsKd;qdkwmuawmh ..

1/ ypö,tyÜdpä = ypönf;av;yg;ü tvdkenf;yg;ol

2/ "kw*FyÜdpä = "kwifusihf0wf*kPfaus;Zl;ü tvdkenf;yg;ol

3/ y&d,wådtyÜdpä = y&d,wf*kPfaus;Zl;ü tvdkenf;yg;ol

4/ t"d*ryÜdpä = rdrd&&Sdxm;NyDwJh avmukwå&mw&m;*kPfaus;Zl;ütvdkenf;yg;ol

'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;ol (= tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf) av;rsKd; &Sdygw,f/113

1/ ypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf ---- qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq;qdkwJh ypönf;av;yg;udk tvSLcH,lwJhtcgrSm ..

(u) tvSL&Sif'g,um&JU enf;enf;vSLvdkjcif; rsm;rsm;vSLvdkjcif;qdkwJhtvdkqE´udk wwfodem;vnfum

( c ) vSLzG,f0w¬Kypönf;pk&JU tenf;trsm;udk Munhf½Ium( * ) rdrdESifh rQwavmuf½kH twdkif;twmyrmPudk wwfodem;vnf

um ..txuf r[dpäudk &Sif;vif;wJh tydkif;rSm wifjycJhwJhtwdkif;114

enf;enf;om tvSLcH,ljcif; odkYr[kwf rdrdESifh rQw½kHavmufudkomtvSLcH,ljcif;qdkwJh tvdkenf;yg;oludk ypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/

113 oGm,H ypö,yÜdapäm "kw*FyÜdapäm y&d,wådtyÜdapäm t"d*ryÜdapämwdpwkAÁda"m/ (O'ge?|?207/)

114 (pmrsufESm-156 wGif Munfhyg/)


2/ "kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf"kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf"kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf"kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf"kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf ---- rdrdu "kwifusihf0wfy#dywådudk t½kdtaojyKum wu,fvufawGU usifhaeoljzpfayr,fhvdkY -- ]]'Dolawmfaumif;[m"kwifusihf0wf y#dywådawGudk wu,fvufawGU usifhaewJh "kwiftrsKd;rsKd;udk aqmifaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;yg}}vdkY rdrdudk vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdkr&Sd? 'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;wJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk "kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

3/ y&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfy&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfy&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfy&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfy&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf ---- olawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m okwf 0denf;tbd"r®mqdkwJh y&d,wfw&m;awmfwdkYü tMum;+tjrif A[kókwrsm;jym;olwpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ a&S;acwf pmayusrf;*ef oif,lykHenf;pepft& ajym&vQif a&S;,cifwkef;u pmayusrf;*efrsm;ukd oif,lwJhtcgrSmq&morm;jzpfoluvnf; EIwfwdkufoifay;&w,f/ wynfhjzpfoluvnf; q&morm; oifay;wJhtwdkif; EIwfwdkuf&atmif EIwfikH&atmiftvGwf&atmif oif,l&ygw,f/ pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; aygaygrsm;rsm;rxGef;um;ao;wJhtwGufaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk oif,lvdkufwJhtcgrSmokwf 0denf; tbd"r®mqdkwJh y&d,wfw&m;awmfawGudkvnf; tvGwf&atmif oif,lw,f? rdrd tvGwf&xm;NyD;wJh ygVdawmfawG&JU teuft"dyÜm,fawGudk zGifhqdkaMumif;jzpfwJh t|uxmawGudkvnf; tvm;wlyJtvGwf&atmif oif,l&w,f/ 'Dvdk oif,lwJhtcgrSm q&morm;xHrSa&S;OD;pGm em;jzifh em;axmifum oif,lrIudk tMum;A[kókwvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ y&d,wådA[kókwvdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/

oif,lxm;wJhtwdkif; ygVdawmf&JU teuft"dyÜm,ft&yf&yfawGudkÓPfjzihf xdk;xGif;odjrifrIrsKd;udkawmh tjrifA[kókwvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/txl;ojzifh 'ku©opömtrnf&wJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m; emrfy&rwfw&m;çork',opömtrnf&wJh taMumif;w&m;awGudk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifhudk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifatmif BudK;pm;w,f/115 opöm115 (r?|?2?154/ tH?|?2?364/)


av;yg;pvkH;udk xdk;xGif;odjrifwJh or®m'd|dÓPftjrifudk &&SdcJhrnfqdkvQifawmh twdkif;xuftvGef wHcGefESifhbk&m; jzpfygw,f/ txGwftxdyfodkYa&muf&SdaewJh tjrifA[kókw jzpfygw,f? y#da0" A[kókwvdkYvnf;ac:qdkygw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSmuawmh y&d,wådA[kókwudkOD;pm;ay;um ajymqdkvdk&if; jzpfygw,f/116

olawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m y&d,wfw&m;awmftay:ü 'DvdktMum;A[kókw+tjrifA[kókwqdkwJh tMum;+tjrif A[kókwrsm;jym;aeol jzpfaomfvnf;yJ ]]'Dolawmfaumif;[m tMum;+tjrifA[kókwrsm;jym;olyg}}vdkY rdrdudk vltrsm;u todtrSwfjyKwmudktvdkr&Sd? *kPfjyKyGJtrsKd;rsKd; csD;usL;yGJtrsKd;rsKd; ylaZmfyGJtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkusif;yum 'Dolawmfaumif;[m y&d,wfw&m;awmfü tvGefuRrf;usifvdr®mawmfrlwJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD; jzpfygw,fvdkY vltrsm;u rdrdudktodtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdkr&Sd? 'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;wJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk y&d,wåd-tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

4/ t"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvft"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvft"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvft"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvft"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf ---- yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m aomwmyeftp&SdwJht&d,molawmfaumif;tqifhodkY a&muf&Sdaeayr,fhvdkY rdrdudk olwpfyg;u rdrdudk vltrsm;u t&d,molawmfaumif;wpfOD;ygvdYk todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdkr&Sd? rdrdudk t&d,molawmfaumif; jzpfygw,fvdYk vltrsm;odatmif odkYr[kwf olwpfyg;odatmif xkwfazmfajymMum;vdkwJh tvdkqEum; uif;&Sif;vsufyJ &Sdw,f/ 'Dvdk yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk t"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkYac:qdkygw,f/ rdrd&&Sdxm;wJh avmukwå&m w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfudkolwpfyg;odrSmudk tvGef&SufEdk;awmfrlwJhyk*¾dKvf jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmrlvyPÖmot|uxmu t"d*rtyÜdpät&m0,f txGwftxdyfodkYa&muf&SdaeawmfrlwJh rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD;taMumif;udk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/116 ('D?|?2?119/)


rZrZrZrZrZÑÑÑÑÑEÅdu EÅdu EÅdu EÅdu EÅdu rararararax&x&x&x&x&ff ff f jjjjjrrrrrwfBuwfBuwfBuwfBuwfBu DD DD D;;;;;

'D rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD;uawmh udavomtmoa0g uif;pifawmfrlNyD;wJh &[EÅmt&SifjrwfBuD; wpfyg; jzpfawmfrlygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; rax&fjrwfBuD; okH;pGJaeawmfrlwJh oydwfawmfESifh 0wf½kHxm;awmfrlwJh ouFef; (3)xnfwdkYudk wefzdk;jzwfMunfhvdkufvQif tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufygrS ]]tojym wpfrwfrQom}}]]tojym wpfrwfrQom}}]]tojym wpfrwfrQom}}]]tojym wpfrwfrQom}}]]tojym wpfrwfrQom}} xdkufwefwJh oydwf ouFef;awmfrsm;jzpfMuygw,f/ wefzdk; tvGefYtvGef enf;yg;vGef;vSwJh tzdk;rxdkufwefwJhtnHhpm; oydwf ouFef;udkomvQif okH;pG Jawmfrlavh&SdcJ hygw,f/"r®maomu"r®maomu"r®maomu"r®maomu"r®maomuvdkYvnf; ac:qdkwJh taomutaomutaomutaomutaomu rif;w&m;BuD;um; wwd,o*Fg,emwifyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf y"metvSL'g,umBuD;wpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f? oD[dkVfuRef;rSm omoemhrsKd;aphudk atmifatmifjrifjrif pwifum MuJcspdkufysKd;oGm;awmfrlcJhwJh &[EÅmt&Sifjrwft&Sifr[mr[dE´ rax&fjrwfBuD;ESifh oD[dkVfuRef;rSm bdu©KeDomoemawmfudk pwifwnfaxmifxm;awmfrlcJhwJh &[EÅmt&Sifr oHCrdwåmax&DrwdkY&JU zcrnf;awmfBuD;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ 'D taomurif;w&m;BuD;[m tvGefBuD;us,fcrf;em;vSwJh taomum½kHausmif;wdkufawmfBuD;udk aqmufvkyfawmfrlNyD;aemuf wpfaeYrSm ausmif;vTwfylaZmfyGJBuD;wpfckudk usif;ycJhygw,f/ rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD;uawmh tJ'Dausmif;vTwfylaZmfyGJBuD;rSm odu©m0g tBuD;qkH; oHCmhrax&fBuD;wpfyg;jzpfawmfrlcJhygw,f/ rax&fjrwfBuD;rSm taomurif;w&m;BuD;&JU tvSL'geyGJBuD;udk csD;ajr§mufawmfrlvdkwJh rGefjrwfwJh qE"mwfw&m;rsm; xif&Sm;&SdcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf tJ'D tvSL'geyGJBuD;udk csD;ajr§mufawmfrlrnfqdkwJhOD;wnfcsufjzifh tvSL'geyGJodkY <ua&mufawmfrloGm;wJhtcgrSm tvGefacgif;yg;vGef;vSwJh tvGefwefzdk;enf;vGef;vSwJh tnHhpm;jzpfwJh ouFef;awmfudk 0wf½kHum tnHhpm;jzpfwJh oydwfawmfudk pGJudkifvsuf <uawmfrlav&m .. tvSL'geyGJudk BuD;MuyfaewJh wm0ef&SdvlBuD;rif;rsm;u


tqifhtwef; edrfhvGef;vSwJh tnhHpm;ouFef;udk 0wf½kHNyD;awmh tnhHpm;oydwfudk pGJudkifxm;wmudk MunfhNyD;awmh tnhHpm; awmxGufudk,fawmfBuD; wpfyg;vdkY ,lqum ]]t&Sifbk&m; ...tvSL'geyGJeJY cyfvSrf;vSrf;oifhawmfwJhwpfae&mrSm cPavmuf apmifhqdkif;NyD; aeawmfrlyg}}vdYkavQmufxm;Muygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh tvSLtcrf;tem; NyD;wJhtcgrSt<uif;tusefrsm;udk vSLay;yghrnfqdkwJh t"dyÜm,frsKd; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkt"dyÜm,frsKd;ESifh wpfae&mrSm acwåcP tvSLyGJNyD;onftxd apmifhqdkif;ae&ef ajymMum;Mujcif; jzpfw,f/ tvSLyGJNyD;rS olawmif;pm;awGudkay;vSLwJhykHpHrsKd;eJY ay;vSLvdkwJhoabm jzpfygw,f/

rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD;uawmh 'DvdkpOf;pm;awmfrlygw,f ..]]iguJhodkYaom udavomtmoa0g uif;uGmaewJh &[EÅmrax&fjrwfBuD;wpfyg;u taomurif;w&m;BuD;uJhodkYaom 'Dvdk tvSL&SifwpfOD;udkomoemawmftwGuf tvGefaus;Zl;BuD;rm;vSwJh 'Dvdk tvSL'geyGJwpfckrSm csD;ajr§mufrIudk rjyKcJhbl;qdkvQif tb,fuJhodkYaom olawmfaumif; wpfOD;[m csD;ajr§mufoihfawmhrSmvJ..}} 'Dvdk pOf;pm;qifjcifawmfrlum wefcdk;trsKd;rsKd;udk zefqif;EdkifwJh £'d0d"tbdnmPf&JU tajccHtaMumif;&if;jzpfwJh yg'upsmefudk 0ifpm;awmfrlum tbdnmPfwefcdk;awmfjzifh ajrBuD;xJodkY ikyfvQKd;<uoGm;awmfrlNyD;aemuf oHCmhax&fBuD;&JUae&modkYta&mufrSm ajrBuD;xJrS xGufay:awmfrlvmum oHCmhax&fBuD;tm; avmif;vSLylaZmfwJhqGrf;udk tvSLcH,lawmfrlcJhygw,f/ tvSLcH,lawmfrlNyD;aemuf wpfzef tbdnmPfwefcdk;awmfjzifh ajrBuD;xJodkYikyfvQKd;um jyef<uoGm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/117

'Dvdk rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD;[m udavomtmoa0g uif;pifawmfrlwJh &[EÅmpifppf {uefyif jzpfawmfrlaomfvnf; rdrdudk vlrsm;taygif;

117 (r?|?2?45-46/)


u udavomtmoa0g uif;uGmawmfrlwJh &[EÅmt&SifjrwfygvdkY todtrSwfjyKwmudk tvdk&SdawmfrrlcJhyg/ 'Dvdk tvdkr&SdwJhtwGuf tnHhpm;oydwfouFef;udk tokH;jyKum acgif;acgif;yg;yg;eJY aexdkifoDwif;okH;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;wJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udk t"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm ---- ]]rdrdukd,fudk rdrd avmukwå&m w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfawGudk &&Sdxm;NyD;ygNyD}}vdkY 'Dvdk ,lq,kHMunfaewJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;awG[mvnf; 'DrZÑEÅdu rax&f jrwfBuD;&J UxkH ;udk twk,lum vdkufemjyKusifhoifhMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk vdkufemjyKusifhaewJh tvdkenf;yg;wJh tyÜdpä-*kPfESifh jynfhpkHaewJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m odkYr[kwf q&mav;wpfyg;[m odkYr[kwf olawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m rjzpfay:ao;wJh vmbfvmbudkvnf; jzpfay:apwwfygw,f/ jzpfay:vmNyD;wJh vmbfvmbudkvnf;xm0&wnfwHhatmif xm0&tvSLjzpfatmif tjrJwrf;vSLatmif jyKvkyfaeonfrnfw,f/ wu,fjyKvkyfaew,fvdkY qdkvdkwmawmh r[kwfygbl;?'Dvdk tvdkenf;yg;jcif;qdkwJh*kPfESifh rdrd&JU twdkif;twmyrmPudk od&SdumrQw½kHudkom tvSLcH,ljcif;qdkwJh tvSLcH&mü twdkif;t&Snfudk odwwfwJh*kPfawG[m &&S d NyD;jzpfwJh tjrJedpöbwf vSL'gef;aewJh tvSL'gersKd;awGudkwnfwHhatmif vkyfaeovdk jzpfaew,fvdkYom qdkvdk&if;jzpfygw,f/'gwGifruao;bl;? 'Dvdk tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvfrsKd;[m tvSL&Sif'g,umwdkY&JUpdwf"mwfudk MunfvifapwwfwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;vnf; jzpfw,f? ESpfoufauseyfapwwfwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;vnf; jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk tyÜdpä*kPfESifh jynfhpkHaewJh rQw½kH tenf;i,favmufudkom tvSLcH,lavh&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udkolwu,fvufawGUusifhaewJh rQw½kHavmufudkom tvSLcH,ljcif;qdkwJhusifh0wfy#dywfudk MunfhNyD;awmh tvSL&SifawGu MunfndKav;pm;oGm;Muw,f/ ydkíydkí xyfumxyfum vSL'gef;vdkwJh o'gw&m;awGvnf;


xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmMuwJhtwGuf ydkíydkívnf; xyfumxyfum vSL'gef;vmwwfMuygw,f/118

,ckvdk tyÜdpäuxmtyÜdpäuxmtyÜdpäuxmtyÜdpäuxmtyÜdpäuxm&JU atmufrSm tvGefus,fus,fjyefYjyefY&Snfvsm;pGm wifjyxm;wJh taMumif;t&mawGuawmh a&SmifoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGESifh aqmifoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ omoemawmfudk rSDwif;aexdkifaeMuwJh wynfhom0uawGudkbk&m;&Sif[m a&SmifoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGudkvnf; enf;rsKd;pkHjzifha&SmifMuOf&ef enf;vrf;aumif;awGudk ñTefMum;jyo qdkdqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? aqmifoifhwJh taMumif;t&mjzpfwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGudkvnf; vdkufemjyKusifhEdkifatmif vdkufemjyKusifhvmatmif enf;rsKd;pkHjzifh ñTefMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif;a&SmifoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGudk a&Smifum aqmifoifhwJhtaMumif;t&mawGudk aqmifvsuf vdkufemjyKusifhMuygvdkY wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/

tyÜdpäuxmtaMumif;udkawmh &Snfvsm;pGm &Sif;vif;wifjyvdkYawmhNyD;oGm;ygNyD/ oEÅK|duxmponfwdkYudk qufvufNyD;awmh aqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

2/ oEÅ2/ oEÅ2/ oEÅ2/ oEÅ2/ oEÅKKKKK|duxm = |duxm = |duxm = |duxm = |duxm = aaaaa&mifh&JvG,fj&mifh&JvG,fj&mifh&JvG,fj&mifh&JvG,fj&mifh&JvG,fjcccccif;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh pppppyfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

bk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfudk rSDwif;aexdkifwJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;qdkwm&&orQqGrf; &&orQouFef; &&orQausmif;tdyf&mae&meJY wif;wdrfa&mifh&JEdkifwJh pdwfxm;rsKd;udk cyfrsm;rsm; arG;jrLay;&w,f/ &&orQeJYa&mifh&JEdkifvG,fwJh *kPfaus;Zl;eJY qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;rsKd;udkvnf;ajymqdkwwf&rnf/ &&orQqGrf;ESifh rauseyfEdkifwJhpdwfxm; rwif;wdrf

118 (r?|?2?46/)


EdkifwJhpdwfxm;? &&orQouFef; &&orQausmif;tdyf&mae&m &&orQaq;ypönf;ESifh ra&mifh&JEdkifwJhpdwfxm; rwif;wdrfEdkifwJhpdwfxm; tydkawGxyf&SmazGaewJhpdwfxm; tydkawG xyfpDrHaqmif&GufaewJhpdwfxm; ---'Dpdwfxm;rsKd;awGudkawmh bk&m;&Sif[m tvGefpufqkyf&GH&Smawmfrlygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif &GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;rsKd;awG rdrdwdkYoEÅmefrSm rjzpfay:vmatmif tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfzdkYawmhvkdygw,f/119

'Dae&mrSm oEÅK|dqdkwJh pum;vkH;&JU t"dyÜm,fudk t|uxmrsm;u*gxmwpfyk'fjzifh 'Dvdk qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhw,f/

twDwH emEkaompaEÅm? eyÜZyÜrem*wH/twDwH emEkaompaEÅm? eyÜZyÜrem*wH/twDwH emEkaompaEÅm? eyÜZyÜrem*wH/twDwH emEkaompaEÅm? eyÜZyÜrem*wH/twDwH emEkaompaEÅm? eyÜZyÜrem*wH/ypöKyÜaEée ,mayaEÅm? oEÅKa|mwd y0kpöwd/ypöKyÜaEée ,mayaEÅm? oEÅKa|mwd y0kpöwd/ypöKyÜaEée ,mayaEÅm? oEÅKa|mwd y0kpöwd/ypöKyÜaEée ,mayaEÅm? oEÅKa|mwd y0kpöwd/ypöKyÜaEée ,mayaEÅm? oEÅKa|mwd y0kpöwd/120

twdwfu &&SdcJhzl;wJh ypönf;av;jzmudkvnf; tpOfawG;umaqG;raeawmhbJ tem*wfrSm&vwHåU ypönf;av;yg;udkvnf; tarQmfBuD;arQmfum awmifhwrIrjyKawmhbJ ypöKyÜefrSm &&orQ ypönf;av;jzmjzifhrQwaexdkifwwfwJh olawmfaumif;udk a&mifh&JvG,fwJh oEÅK|dw&m;xif&Sm;&SdwJh yk*¾dKvfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/120

'Dae&mrSm oaEÅmow&m; (12)yg;taMumif;udk tusOf;csKyfumaqG;aEG;Mu&atmif ../

oooooaaaaaEÅmow&m; (12) yg;EÅmow&m; (12) yg;EÅmow&m; (12) yg;EÅmow&m; (12) yg;EÅmow&m; (12) yg;

qGrf; ouFef; ausmif; aq;vdkY ypönf;av;yg;&Sd&m wpfyg;wpfyg;rSm

1/ ,xmvmboaEÅmo = &&orQESifh a&mifh&Jjcif;

119 (O'ge?|?207-209/) 120 (O'ge?|?207/)


2/ ,xmAvoaEÅmo = rdrd&JU cGeftm;AvESifh rQwwJh ypönf;jzifha&mifh&Jjcif;

3/ ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo = rdrdESifh om½kyÜjzpfwJh ypönf;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;

'Dvdk a&mifh&Jjcif; (3)rsKd;pD &SdMuwJhtwGuf tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufaomfoaEÅmow&m; (12)yg; jzpfMuygw,f/

1/ ouFef;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmo ---- 'DomoemawmfrSm&[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m aumif;onfjzpfap raumif;onfjzpfap ouFef;udk &&SdcJhvQif &wJhouFef;ESifh a&mifh&Jw,f? aemufxyf ouFef;&vdkaMumif;awmifhwrI r&Sdbl;? tu,fí aemufxyf ouFef;&cJhvQifvnf; tvSLrcH,lbl;/ 'Dvdk &&orQouFef;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;udk ,xmvmboaEÅmovdkYac:qdkygw,f/

2/ ouFef;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmo ---- rdrdu cGeftm;enf;yg;aeonfuwpfaMumif; tema&m*gxlajymaeonfuwpfaMumif; 'DvdktaMumif;awGaMumifh av;vHwJh ouFef;udk &&SdwJhtcg r0wf½kH rokH;aqmifEdkifwJhtwGuf &if;ESD;wJh oDwif;okH;azmfwpfOD;OD;xHrSm taumif;tnHh a&G;cs,frI rjyKawmhbJ ayghyg;wJh ouFef;jzifh vJvS,fum okH;pGJjcif;rsKd;udkawmh ,xmAvoaEÅmo (= rdrd&JU cGeftm;AvESifh rQwwJhouFef;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

3/ ouFef;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoouFef;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[mESpfxyfESpfvTmjyKum csKyfvkyfxm;wJh tvGefaumif;rGefwJh wefzdk;BuD;rm;vSwJh taumif;pm; ouFef;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk &&SdwJhtcg rdrd&&SdwJhtaumif;pm; ouFef;awGudk oHCmhax&fBuD;wdkYtm; vSL'gef;jcif;çy&d,wf y#dywf ESpfXmewdkYü tMum;+tjrif A[kókw rsm;jym;awmfrlMuwJh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; vSL'gef;jcif;ç rusef;rmwJh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm;vSL'gef;jcif;ç cGeftm;enf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; vSL'gef;jcif;ç


vmbfvmbenf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; vSL'gef;jcif;ponfjzifhoifhawmfwJh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; oifhawmfovdk cGJjcm;vSL'gef;NyD;aemufrdrdudk,fwdkifuawmh yHokulouFef;rsm;udk aumuf,lum 0wf½kHokH;aqmifjcif;ç wjcm;&[ef;awmfwdkY&JU ouFef;a[mif;rsm;udk tvSLcH,lumokH;aqmifjcif;udk ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo (= rdrdESifh om½kyÜjzpfwJhouFef;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

4/ qGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmo ---- 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;-awmfwpfyg;[m nHhwJhqGrf;udkyifjzpfap rGefjrwfwJhqGrf;udkyifjzpfap&&orQqGrf;jzifh auseyfa&mifh&Jw,f/ aemufxyf qGrf;udk arQmfvifhawmifhwrI r&Sdbl;? aemufxyf&jyefvQifvnf; aemufwpfBudrf xyfpm;zdkYtvSLrcH,lbl;/ 'Dvdk &&orQqGrf;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;udk ,xmvmboaEÅmovdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dvdk &&orQESifh a&mifh&Jjcif;qdkwJh usifhpOfrsKd;ukdawmh bk&m;&SifutvGefESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f/ &wmeJY ra&mifh&JEdkifwJhtwGuf tvSL&Sifuavmif;vSLvdkufwJh rkefY[if;cg;[if;&nfavmufESifh rauseyf ra&mifh&JEdkifao;wJhtwGuf [dk[m 'D[mawGudk xyfaqmif;um rkefY[if;cg;[if;&nfudk udk,fwdkifcsufNyD;awmh ZlZumykPÖm;BuD;&JUwynfhcHumw0BuD; pm;okH;aewmrsKd;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifu tvGef&GH&Smpufqkyfawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm w&m;emy&dowfawG .. ]][dk[m 'D[mawGudkxyfaqmif;w,f}}qdkwmudk em;vnfoabmaygufMu&JUvm; ..¿bkef;BuD;uawmh em;vnfNyD;jzpfMuw,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/

5/ qGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmo ---- 'Dae&mrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[mrusef;rrm jzpfaew,f/ rdrdESihf roifhawmfwJh Murf;wrf;wJh tqDMoZmenf;yg;wJh tm[m&awGudk pm;okH;cJhrnfqdkvQif tema&m*gawG[m ydkqdk;vmEdkifwJh tajctaerSm &Sdaew,f/ 'DvdktcgrsKd;rSm rdrdESihf roifhavsmfwJh


tm[m&awGudk rdrdESifhobm*jzpfwJh oDwif;okH;azmf wpfyg;yg;xHrSmoifhavsmfwJh tm[m&jzifh vJvS,fum bkOf;ay; okH;aqmifawmfrlNyD;aemuf orP"r®trnf&wJh orx 0dyóem bm0emw&m;awGudkqufvufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlygw,f/ 'DvdkvJvS,fvdkY&&SdwJhqGrf;rQjzifh auseyfa&mifh&JrI &Sd jcif;udk ,xmAvoaEÅmo(= rdrd&JU usef;rma&;pGrf;tm;ESifh oihfavsmfavsmufywfwJh tm[m&jzifha&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

,ckajymcJhwJh ykHpHrsKd;avmufESifh ra&mifh&JEdkifao;wJhtwGuf ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh xyfrHcsufjyKwfum okH;pGJpm;aomufjcif;rsKd;udkawmh ,xm-AvoaEÅmovdkY rac:qdkygbl;? bk&m;&Sif &GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJh vkyfief;cGifwpfrsKd;om jzpfygw,f/

6/ qGrf;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoqGrf;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[mrGefjrwfwJh qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOfawGudk 0denf;awmfESifhtnD tvSLcHvdkY&&Sdawmfrljyefw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dvdk rGefjrwfwJh qGrf;cJzG,fabmZOfqdkwmoHCmhax&fBuD;rsm;ç y&d,wf y#dywf ESpfXmewdkYü tMum;+tjrifA[kókwrsm;jym;awmfrlMuwJh &[ef;awmfrsm;ç *dvme&[ef;awmfrsm;çcGeftm;enf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfrsm;ç oHCmh0efaqmif&[ef;awmfrsm; pwJh&[ef;awmfwdkYESifhom oifhwifhavsmufywfygw,fvdkY ESvkH;ydkufumxdkuJhodkYaom &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; oifhawmfovdk vSL'gef;NyD;aemufxdk&[ef;awmfwdkYxHrS &&SdwJh qGrf;udkjzpfapç qGrf;cH0wfjzifh &&SdwJh rdóubwfvdkY ac:qdkwJh ywåydkPfqGrf;udkjzpfap bkOf;ay;okH;aqmifum rdrdESifhom½kyÜjzpf&mqGrf;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;udk ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmovdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

7/ ausmif;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmo ---- 'DomoemawmfrSmbk&m;&Sifu oHCduausmif;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk ax&fpOf0gvdkuf


twdkif; ausmif;aumif;ausmif;jrwfwdkYudk a&G;cs,fpdppfum okH;pGJjcif;udkcGifhjyKxm;awmfrlygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh taumif;qkH;ausmif;rSm0gtBuD;qkH; &[ef;awmfu oDwif;okH;yg? tnhHqkH;ausmif;rSm 0gti,fqkH;&[ef;awmfu oDwif;okH;yg? 'Dvdk ax&fpOf0gvdkuftwdkif; ausmif;aumif;ausmif;jrwf a&G;cs,fpdppfum oDwif;okH;&ef ynwfxm;awmfrlygw,f/odkYaomf aemufwpfaeYrSm ydkí 0gBuD;wJh rax&fBuD;wpfyg; xdkausmif;wdkufudk xyfrH qdkufa&mufvmcJhrnfqdkvQif taumif;qkH; ausmif;udk toifha&muf&SdvmwJh 0gtBuD;qkH; rax&fBuD;tm; vJvS,fum oDwif;okH;ap&ygw,f/ yxroDwif;okH;wJh 0gtBuD;qkH; &[ef;awmfu 'kwd,taumif;qkH;jzpfwJh aemufwpfausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUum oDwif;okH;&jyefygw,f/ 'Dvdk ax&fBuD; 0gBuD; tm*EÅKu &[ef;awmfrsm; topfa&mufvmwdkif; a&mufvmwdkif; ausmif;rsm;udk ax&fpOf0gvdkuftwdkif;taumif;tjrwf a&G;cs,fum ae&m ajymif;um ajymif;um oDwif;okH;&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk aexdkifykHenf;pepfuawmh bk&m;&Sif csrSwfay;oGm;awmfrlwJhoHCduausmif;rSm aexdkifoDwif;okH;ykH pepfa[mif; wpfck jzpfygw,f/omoemawmfudk rSDwif;aexdkifMuwJh &[ef;awmfwdkif; &[ef;awmfwdkif;[m 'DaexdkifykHenf;pepf odu©myk'fawmfudk ½kdaopGm vdkufemusifhokH;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ omoemhEG,f0if oDv&SifawGESifh a,m*DolawmfpifawGvnf; 'Denf;pepfudk vdkufemusifhokH;Edkifygu ighae&m ighausmif;vdkYpGJaewJh tpGJawGvnf; wjznf;jznf; avsmhyg;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/

&[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m ,ckvdk ausmif;awGudk a0zefvdkufwJhtcgtnHhpm;jzpfwJh opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;i,fwpfckudk &&Sdw,fqdkMuygpdkY ..?xdk&[ef;awmf[m rdrd&&SdwJh ausmif;jzifhomvQif auseyfa&mifh&Jaew,f?aemufxyf ydkaumif;wJh ausmif;wpfaqmif &&SdzdkYqdkwJh 'Dvkd tvdkqE´awG[m olU&JU pdwftpOfrSm rjzpfay:cJhbl;/ tu,fí tm*EÅK topftopfawG a&mufvmvdkY ausmif;awGudk xyfumxyfum a0zefvdkufwJh


tcg xdk&[ef;awmfu odu©m0gBuD;aewJhtwGuf ausmif;aumif;aumif;wpfaqmifudk &&SdcJhrnfqdkvQifvnf; tJ'D&[ef;awmfu rdrdxHodkY toifha&muf&SdvmwJh xdkausmif;aumif;aumif;udk r,lawmhbJ rdrd&JU rlvopf&Gufrdk;ausmif;i,frSmom ausauseyfeyfjzifh a&mifh&Jum oDwif;okH;aexdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk a&mifh&Jjcif;rsKd;udk ,xmvmboaEÅmo (= &&orQaom ausmif;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ ra&mifh&JEdkifwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;awGudk wdkufzsufaewJh MunfndKzG,f *kPf,lzG,faumif;wJhpepfa[mif; wpfck jzpfygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm 0denf;plV0gt|uxm121 ausmif;tdyf&mae&m cGJjcm;a0zefay;wJhtydkif;rSm ZrÁL'dyfuRef;rSm oDwif;okH;awmfrlMuwJh a&S;a&S;rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY&JU MunfndKzG,f *kPf,lzG,f twk,lzG,f aumif;vSwJhoHCduausmif;rSm aexdkifykHenf;pepfwpfckudk azmfjyxm;awmfrlygw,f/a&S;a&S;rax&fjrwfBuD;awG[m --- ]]bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf}}]]bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf}}]]bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf}}]]bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf}}]]bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf}}qdkwJhykHpHrsKd;eJY vSLorQypönf;awGudk trsm;BuD; odrf;ydkufum omoemawmfrSmaexdkifwJh enf;pepfrsKd;udk txl; a&Smif&Sm;awmfrlavh &SdMuygw,f/ rdrd&&SdvmwJh vmbfvmbypönf;awGudk oifhawmfwJh oDwif;okH;azmfwdkYtm;vSL'gef;jcif;ç t&yfav;rsufESmrS 'Dausmif;wdkufodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlqJqdkufa&mufawmfrlvwHåU jzpfawmfrlMuwJh oHCmawmfwdkY tokH;jyKyg&efqdkwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifh oHCmhb@mawmfxdef;yk*¾dKvfrsm;xH tyfESHumvSL'gef;xm;jcif; ponfjzifh pGefYvTwfum ]]oy]]oy]]oy]]oy]]oywåbm&}}wåbm&}}wåbm&}}wåbm&}}wåbm&}} .. ]]iSufrsm;[mrdrd&JUtawmifudkomvQif o,faqmifum tvdk&Sd&mt&yfudk ysHoef;oGm;vmaexdkifovdk .. tvm;wlyJ y&du©&m (8)yg;qdkwJh tawmif

121 ZrÁK'Day ye {uapö bdu©L ]]aoemoeH emr rÍö|meH 0g yDX|meH 0gudÍöda'0 uópd oyÜg,H a[mwd? uópd toyÜg,}}EÅd tm*EÅKuma[mEÅK 0g rm 0g? a'0oduH aoemoeH *ga[EÅd/ t,H Owkumavaoemoe*¾ga[m emr/ (0denf;plV0g?|?67/)


0efxkyfudk xrf;aqmifum t&yfav;rsufESm tvdk&Sd&mt&yfudk <uoGm;awmfrljcif;qdkwJh ]]ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI &Sdjcif; usifh0wfy#dywf}}]]ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI &Sdjcif; usifh0wfy#dywf}}]]ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI &Sdjcif; usifh0wfy#dywf}}]]ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI &Sdjcif; usifh0wfy#dywf}}]]ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI &Sdjcif; usifh0wfy#dywf}}udkt½kdtao jznhfusifhavh &SdawmfrlMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk ayghyg;wJh toufarG;rI&SdaeMuwJhtwGuf tm*EÅKtopf a&mufvmonfjzpfap ra&mufvmonfjzpfap aeYpOfyif ausmif;tdyf&mae&m ajymif;a&TUjcif;qdkwJh usifh0wfudk aqmif&GufawmfrlMuygw,f/ OD;wnfcsufuawmh ae&mwpfckudk]]ighae&m ightcef; ighausmif;}}]]ighae&m ightcef; ighausmif;}}]]ighae&m ightcef; ighausmif;}}]]ighae&m ightcef; ighausmif;}}]]ighae&m ightcef; ighausmif;}}qdkwJh tpGJawGudk jzKwfcsifwmuvnf;wpfaMumif;ç ae&mwdkif; odkYr[kwf tcef;wdkif; odkYr[kwf ausmif;wdkif;[m&[ef;awmf wpfyg;twGuf oyÜg,rQwrI &Sdaomfvnf; &Sdav&mw,fçr&Sdaomfvnf; jzpfav&mw,f - 'Dvdk oyÜg,rQwrI oyÜg,rrQwrIwdkYudktajymif;tvJ jyKvkyfvdkwmuvnf; wpfaMumif; ---- 'Dvdk taMumif;awGaMumifh aeYpOf ausmif;tdyf&mae&m ajymif;a&TUjcif;udk jyKawmfrlMujcif;jzpfygw,f/ ae&mpGJ ausmif;pGJudk wdkufzsufawmfrlwJh pepfaumif;wpfckyJjzpfygw,f/

8/ ausmif;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[musef;rma&;csKdUwJhaew,f? tema&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ESdyfpufcHae&w,f/rdrdvuf&SdoDwif;okH;&mausmif;rSm qufvufaexdkifcJhrnfqdkvQif usef;rma&;u ydkíydkí csKdUwJhum tema&m*gawGu ydkíydkí qdk;vmw,f/'DvdktcgrsKd;rSm rdrdESifh obm*jzpfwJh rdwfaqG oDwif;okH;azmf wpfyg;&JUausmif;odkY ajymif;a&TUum ausmif;csif; vJvS,fNyD;awmh oDwif;okH;vsuf&[ef;w&m;awGudk qufvuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfw,f/ 'Dvdk rdrd&JUusef;rma&;pGrf;tm;ESifh rQwwJh ausmif;udk ajymif;a&TUum oDwif;okH;&jcif;jzifh auseyfa&mifh&JrIrsKd;udk &&SdcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk auseyfa&mifh&Jjcif;udk,xmAvoaEÅmo (= rdrd&JU usef;rma&;pGrf;tm;ESifh rQwwJh ausmif;jzifha&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/


9/ ausmif;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoausmif;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[mausmif;wdkufwpfckudk a&muf&SdoGm;wJhtcg rdrdu ax&fBuD; 0gBuD; jzpfwJhtwGuf bkef;uHBuD;rm;olwdkYom &xdkufwJh taumif;qkH; vdkPf*lausmif;udk &&Sdw,f/ 'Dvdk ausmif;aumif;aumif;awG[m orx 0dyóembm0empwJh ukodkvfw&m;awG&JUtay:rSm arharhavsmhavsmh aexdkifzdkY&eftaMumif;&if;wpfck jzpfaew,fvdkY olu oabmaygufaew,f/bmaMumifhvJ¿ ausmif;tay:rSm ESpfoufrI om,mrI[m tenf;i,frQaomfvnf; jzpfaumif;jzpfEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrI jzpfaejcif;[m rdrd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rnfh orx 0dyóembm0em ukodkvfw&m;wdkYtay:rSm acwåcP arhavsmhaejcif; wpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk oabmaygufaewJhtwGuf xdkausmif;udk rdrdu rcH,lbJtjcm; ax&fBuD; 0gBuD; wpfyg;yg;udk jzpfapç A[kókwrsm;jym;wJh&[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;udk jzpfapç *dvme&[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;udk jzpfapçcGeftm;enf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;udk jzpfapç vmbfvmb enf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;udk jzpfap oifhawmfwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;udkxdkausmif;udk cH,lapum rdrdu opf&Gufrdk;ausmif;i,fpwJh tnHhpm;ausmif;wpfausmif;ausmif;udk cH,lum &[ef;w&m;awGudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;jzifh auseyfa&mifh&Jaew,f? 'Dvdka&mifh&Jjcif;rsKd;udk ,xm-om½kyÜoaEÅmo (= rdrdESifh om½kyÜjzpf&mausmif;jzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkYac:qdkygw,f/

tvGefMunfndKzG,faumif;vSwJhç pdwf"mwfom,mat;csrf;rIoabmw&m;udk trsm;qkH; tultnD taxmuftyHhay;aewJh usifh0wfy#dywfaumif; pdwfaepdwfxm;aumif; wpfrsKd;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkusifh0wfrsKd;udk MunfndKwwfMuprf;ygvdkY wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/


10/ aq;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmo ---- 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;-awmfwpfyg;[m wefzdk;&SdwJh aq;udkyifjzpfapç wefzdk;r&SdwJh aq;udkyifjzpfapç tvGefrGefjrwfwJh aq;udkyifjzpfapç tqDtESpf acgif;yg;wJhtmedoifnhHwJh aq;udkyifjzpfap &&SdwJhtcg rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJha&m*gudk aysmufuif;apEdkifwJh aq;omrSefvQif &&SdwJh aq;eJY auseyfw,f/ EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;vdk aq;u rdrda&m*gudk aysmufuif;apEdkifcJhvQif 'Dvdkaq;rsKd;avmufeJYyJ a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfrI&Sdw,f/ a&m*gaysmufuif;½kd;rSefvQif &vG,fwJh wefzdk;enf;yg;wJh aq;jzifhom a&mifh&JwJholjzpfw,f/ aemufxyf aq;trsKd;rsKd;udkvdkvm;awmifhwrI r&Sd? &&Sdaomfvnf; tvSLrcH/ 'Dvdk a&mifh&Jjcif;[m,xmvmboaEÅmo (= aq;ypönf;ü &&orQjzifh a&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkYac:qdkygw,f/

11/ aq;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m rdrda&m*gaysmufuif;a&;twGuf qDudk tvdk&Sdaew,f/ odkYaomf rdrdudkwifvJudkomvSLwJhol &Sdaejyefw,f/ 'D&[ef;awmf[m rdrdESifh obm*jzpfaewJh oDwif;okH;azmf &[ef;awmfwpfyg;xHudk csOf;uyfum rdrdrSm&SdwJhwifvJudk 'D&[ef;awmftm; ay;vSLum 'D&[ef;awmfxHrSm&SdaewJh qDudktvSLcH,lNyD;aemuf aq;azmfpyfum okH;pGJvsuf &[ef;w&m;awGudkusifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlygw,f/ [dk[dk'D'D vdkufNyD;awmhtvSLcHrI rjyKbJ ckvdk &&SdwJhaq;eJYyJ auseyfa&mifh&Jjcif;udk ,xmAv-oaEÅmo (= rdrdpGrf;tm;ESifh tnD &&SdwJh aq;ypönf;jzifh a&mifh&J jcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

12/ aq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmoaq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo ---- &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[ma&S;a&S;twdwfb0rsm;u jyKpkysKd;axmif qnf;yl; pkaqmif;xm;cJhzl;wJhukodkvfyg&rD bkef;uHt&Sdeft0gawG[m tvGeftm;aumif;aewJhtwGufaMumifh axmywf qDO ysm;&nf wifvJpwJh tvGefrGefjrwfwJh aq;awGudk


&&Sdawmfrlavh&Sdygw,f/ xdk&[ef;awmf[m 'DvdkrGefjrwfwJh aq;ypönf;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk oHCmax&fBuD;rsm;ç y&d,wf y#dywf ESpfXmewdkYütMum;+tjrif A[kókwrsm;jym;awmfrlMuwJh &[ef;awmfrsm;ç *dvme&[ef;awmfrsm;ç cGeftm;enf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfrsm;ç vmbfvmbenf;yg;wJh &[ef;awmfrsm; pwJh oDwif;okH;azmf oHCmawmfwdkYtm;vSL'gef;NyD;aemuf rdrdudk,fwdkifuawmh wefzdk;enf;yg;wJh rdrdeJY om½kyÜjzpfaewJh aq;avmufudkom okH;pGJawmfrlavh&Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;rsKd;udk ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo (= rdrdESifh om½kyÜjzpf&m aq;ypönf;jzifha&mifh&Jjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dvkd &[ef;awmfrsKd;udk tvSL&SifwpfOD;u EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;awGudk cGufwpfckxJrSm xnfhum pwkr"kaq;awGudkvnf; tjcm;cGufwpfckxJrSm xnfhNyD;awmh ,if;cGufESpfckwdkYudkudkifaqmifvsuf ..]]t&Sifbk&m; ...tvdk&Sd&maq;udk tvSLcH,lawmfrlyg}} --- 'Dvdk avQmufxm;cJhrnfqdkvQif 'Daq;ESpfrsKd;xJu b,faq;udkyJjzpfjzpf okH;pGJcJhvQif rdrdrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJh a&m*gvnf; aysmufuif;onfrSefygu EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkoma&G;cs,fawmfrlygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh 'DEGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;[m bk&m;&Sif csD;rGrf;ajr§mufpm;awmfrlwJhaq;vnf; jzpfw,f? &[ef;jyKcJhpOf tcsdeftcgwkef;u odrfxJrSmyJ q&morm;awGu bk&m;&SifñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; ]]oif[m ..EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh ZD;jzLoD; zefcg;oD;pwJh aq;udktrSDjyKNyD;awmh &[ef;w&m;awGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rnf}} --- 'DvdkqdkqkH;rawmfrlcJhygw,f? rdrduvnf; ]]tmr baEÅ}}]]tmr baEÅ}}]]tmr baEÅ}}]]tmr baEÅ}}]]tmr baEÅ}} qdkNyD;awmh y#dnmOf0efcHcsufpum; avQmufxm;cJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk rdrd&JU y#dnmOfcH0efcsufESifhtnD ]]ig[m EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom}}]]ig[m EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom}}]]ig[m EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom}}]]ig[m EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom}}]]ig[m EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom}}okH;pGJawmhrnfvdkY qkH;jzwfcsufcsum pwkr"kaq;udk tvSLrcH,lbJ


EGm;usifi,fykyfjzifh pdrfxkHxm;tyfwJh zefcg;oD;aq;udkom tvSLcH,lawmfrlw,f/ 'Dvkd&[ef;awmfrsKd;udkawmh ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo (= rdrdESifhom½kyÜjzpfwJh aq;ypönf;jzifh a&mifh&JvG,fwJh) olawmfaumif;taygif;wdkYwGif txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdaewJh y&roEÅK| = tjrwfqkH; oEÅK|w&m; xif&Sm;&SdolvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

oEoEoEoEoEÅKÅ KÅ KÅ KÅ K|duxm|duxm|duxm|duxm|duxmqqqqq d kwmdkwmdkwmdkwmdkwm

omoemawmfrSm rSDwif;aexdkifwJh olawmfaumif;awGudk 'Dvkd &&orQESifh a&mifh&JvG,fjcif; pwJh oaEÅmow&m;trsKd;rsKd;awGESifh jynhfjynhfpkHpkH jznfhusifhaexdkif&ef bk&m;&Sifu enf;rsKd;pkHjzifh ñTefMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ w&m;bm0emawGudk usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m 'DoaEÅmow&m; trsKd;rsKd;awG&JU tusKd;*kPftiftmedoifawGudk xif&Sm;azmfjyaewJh w&m;pum;?oaEÅmow&m; xif&Sm;r&SdMuwJh tBwdpä (= tvGef tvdkBuD;rm;ol)çygydpä (= ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk;&Sdol)ç r[dpä (= tvdk&r®uf rsm;jym;ol)wdkY&&SdcHpm;&rnfh tjypftm'De0 'ku©rsKd;pkHESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum; -'Dvdk oaEÅmow&m;awG&JU tusKd;*kPftiftmedoifawGudkvnf; xif&Sm;azmfjyaewJhç oaEÅmow&m;xif&Sm;r&SdolwdkY&JU tjypftm'De0awGudkvnf; xif&Sm;azmfjyaewJh w&m;pum;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk oEÅK|duxm(= a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;ESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

tma&m*sy&rm vmbm? oEÅK|dy&rH "eH/0dómoy&rm Ówd? edAÁmeH y&rH okcH/122

1/ tema&m*g uif;jcif;uawmh tjrwfqkH;aom vmbfvmbjzpfw,f/(tma&m*sy&rm vmbm)

122 ("r®y'?43/ *gxm?204/)


2/ a&mifh&JvG,fjcif;uawmh tjrwfqkH;aom pnf;pdrfOpöm jzpfw,f/(oEÅK|dy&rH "eH)

3/ cspfuRrf;0ifoluawmh tjrwfqkH;aom aqGrsKd; jzpfw,f/(0dómoy&rm Ówd)

4/ edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfuawmh tjrwfqkH;aom csrf;om jzpfygw,f/(edAÁmeH y&rH okcH)

3/ y0d3/ y0d3/ y0d3/ y0d3/ y0daaaaa0uuxm = 0uuxm = 0uuxm = 0uuxm = 0uuxm = uif;uif;uif;uif;uif;qqqqq dwfdwfdwfdwfdwfrrrrr I 0dI 0dI 0dI 0dI 0daaaaa0uokH;j0uokH;j0uokH;j0uokH;j0uokH;jzzzzzmESifh mESifh mESifh mESifh mESifh pppppyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhw&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

'Dae&mrSm 0da0u okH;rsKd; &Sdygw,f/

(u) um,0da0u = wpfyg;xD;wnf; wpfudk,fxD;wnf; aexdkifjcif;?

( c ) pdwå0da0u = avmuDpsmeformywf (avmukwå&mpsmeformywf)awGudk 0ifpm;um eD0&P udavomtnpftaMu;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYrS uif;qdwfaewJh pdwfjzifh aexdkifjcif;?123

( * ) Oy"d0da0u = Oy"d av;jzmwdkYrS uif;qdwf&m edAÁmefudk tm½kHjyKí aexdkifjcif; ..

aygif;vdkufawmh 0da0u okH;yg; jzpfw,f/ 'D (3)rsKd;udk xyfNyD;awmh&Sif;vif;Mu&atmif ../

um,0da0uum,0da0uum,0da0uum,0da0uum,0da0u ---- 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m ..awmausmif;ç awmifausmif;ç opfyif&if;ausmif;ç acsmufurf;yg;çvdkPf*lç okomefç awmtkyfç vGifwD;acgifç aumuf½kd;ykH pwJh qdwfNidrfwJhausmif;tdyf&mae&mawGudk rSD0Jum wpfudk,fa& wpfum, aexdkifavh&Sdw,f? tygif;tazmfawGESifh uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; aexdkifavh&Sdw,f/

123 pdwå0da0aumpdwå0da0aumpdwå0da0aumpdwå0da0aumpdwå0da0aumwd t| ormywåda,m/ ("r®y'?|?1?345/)


wpfyg;wnf; oGm;w,f? wpfyg;wnf; &yfw,f? wpfyg;wnf; xdkifw,f?wpfyg;wnf; tdyfw,f? wpfyg;wnf; qGrf;cHoGm;w,f? wpfyg;wnf;qGrf;cH&GmrS jyefvmw,f? wpfyg;wnf; qdwfuG,f&mt&yfrSm aexdkifw,f? ur®|mef; tm½kHay:rSm pdwf"mwfudk aqmufwnfxm;umwpfyg;xD;wnf; pBuø<uavh&Sdw,f? wpfyg;xD;wnf; ausmif;0if;xJrSmvSnfhvnfoGm;vmavh&Sdw,f? wpfyg;xD;wnf; oDwif;okH;avh&Sdw,f?wpfyg;xD;wnf; £&d,mykxfudk rQwatmif apmifha&Smufum w&m;bm0emudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfavh&Sdw,f? 'Dvdk wpfyg;xD;wnf; aexdkifwmrsKd;udkawmh um,0da0u (= wpfudk,fa& wpfum, uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; aexdkifjcif;)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

oGm;vnf; wpfwGJwGJç &yfvnf; wpfwGJwGJç xkdifvnf; wpfwGJwGJçtdyfvnf; wpfwGJwGJç pm;vnf; wpfwGJwGJ ponfjzifh wpfwGJwGJvkyfaewJhtvkyfrsKd;udk bk&m;&Sif[m ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlygbl;/ wpfyg;xD;wnf;wpfudk,fxD;wnf; taygif;tazmfawGESifh uif;uif;&Sif;&Sif; aexdkifwJhvkyfief;rsKd;udkom bk&m;&Sif[m ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f/

pdwå0da0updwå0da0updwå0da0updwå0da0updwå0da0u ---- aemufwpfck .. pdwå0da0utaMumif;udk ajymMu&atmif ../

tm½kH ig;yg; umr*kPfw&m;wdkYtay:rSm vdkvm;wyfrufrI umrpäEeD0&P? ouf&SdoufrJh umr0w¬KtpkpkwdkYtay:ü zsufqD;ypfvdkrIodkYr[kwf olwpfyg;wdkY *kPfodu©musatmif zsufqD;vdkrI Asmyg'eD0&P?bm0emvkyfief;cGifrS pdwf"mwf wGefYqkwfaerI ysif;&drI xderd'¨eD0&P?bm0emvkyfief;cGiftm½kHrS jyifytm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGrSm pdwf"mwf ysHUvGifhajy;oGm;aerI + jyKNyD;'kp½kduftrsKd;rsKd; rjyKrdvdkufwJh okp½kduftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYtay:rSm aemifwwpfzef ylyefaerIqdkwJh O'pö+ukuúKpöeD0&P? &wemokH;wef uH-uH&JUtusKd;w&m; ponfwdkYtay:rSm [kwfavovm;


r[kwfavovm;ç ,ckvdkacwfrSm psmeformywfawG &rS&Edkifyghrvm;r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawGudk &rS&Edkifyghrvm; ponfjzifh odkYavmodkYavmawG;awm,kHrSm;rI 0dpdudpämeD0&P --- 'DeD0&P ig;yg;uawmh psmefr*fzdkvfw&m;awGudk r&atmif wm;jrpfaESmifh,Suf ydwfqdkYxm;wwfwJh udavomtydwftzkH;awG jzpfMuw,f/

rdrdwdkY&JU pdwftpOfrSm 'DeD0&Pudavom tnpftaMu;awGrSuif;qdwfoGm;atmif uif;qdwf&m uif;qdwfaMumif;jzpfwJh yxrpsmeformywfudk 0ifpm;vsuf aexdkifjcif;udk pdwå0da0uvdkY ac:qdkw,f/0dwuf 0dpm&wdkYrS uif;qdwf&mjzpfwJh 'kwd,psmeformywfudkç yDwdrSuif;qdwf&mjzpfwJh wwd,psmeformywfudkç okc'ku©rS uif;qdwf&mjzpfwJh pwkw¬psmeformywfudk 0ifpm;vsuf aexdkifjcif;udkvnf; pdwå0da0uvdkY ac:qdkw,f/

aemufwpfckuawmh tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;vsufaexdkifrnfqdkvQif ½lyonm emewåonm y#dConmawGrS uif;qdwfaew,f/ ½lyonmqdkwmuawmh yx0DuodkPf;rSonf tmavmuuodkPf;odkYwdkifatmif udk;rsKd;aom uodkPf;½kyfawGudk tm½kH,lNyD;jzpfay:aewJh ½lyg0p&psmefawGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJh onmudk ½lyonm½lyonm½lyonm½lyonm½lyonmvkdYac:qdkw,f/ ½lyg½kH o'´g½kH *E¨m½kH &om½kH azm|AÁm½kHwdkYudk tm½kHjyKumjzpfay:vmMuwJhç oufqdkif&m0w¬KESifh oufqdkif&mtm½kHwdkY xdcdkufjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh Oyrm --- pu©K0w¬KESifh ½lyg½kHç aomw0w¬KESifho'g½kHç Cme0w¬KESifh *Em½kHç Zd0Sg0w¬KESifh &om½kHç um,0w¬KESifh azm|AÁm½kHwdkY xdcdkufjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh pu©K'Gg&0Dxd aomw'Gg&0DxdCme'Gg&0Dxd Zd0Sg'Gg&0Dxd um,'Gg&0DxdawG&JUtwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJhumrm0p&pdwfawGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJh tqif; ½lyg½kHudk rSwfom;wJh ½lyonmçtoH o'´g½kHudk rSwfom;wJh o'´onmç teHY *E¨m½kHudk rSwfom;wJh*Eonmç t&om &om½kHudk rSwfom;wJh &oonmç tawGU azm|AÁm½kH


udk rSwfom;wJh azm|AÁonm -- 'DonmtrsKd;rsKd;udkawmh 0w¬KESifh tm½kHwdkYxdcdkufjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmMuwJh onmawG jzpfaeMuwJhtwGufy#dConmy#dConmy#dConmy#dConmy#dConmvdkY ac:qdkw,f/ raem"mwf raem0dnmP"mwfvdkY ac:qdkwJh umrm0p&ukodkvf tukodkvf 0dyguf ud&d,mpdwfawG &SdMuw,f/'DpdwfawG[m ½lyg½kH o'g½kH *Em½kH &om½kH azm|AÁm½kH "r®m½kHvdkY ac:qdkwJhtm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk tm½kHjyKMuwJhtwGuf ,if;pdwfawGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJhonmudk tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd; &SdaewJh emewåonmemewåonmemewåonmemewåonmemewåonmvdkY ac:qdkw,f? tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;&SdaewJh xl;axGuGJjym;wJh onmvdkY qdkvdkw,f/124

tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;aewJhyk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm ,if;tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefpdwfu yx0DuodkPf;½kyfpwJh uodkPf;½kyfudkESvkH;roGif;awmhbJ uodkPf;½kyfudk cGmNyD;rS &&SdvmwJh teEÅtmumovdkYac:qdktyfwJh tqkH;tydkif;tjcm; r&SdwJh aumif;uifynwfudkom tm½kHjyKaewJhtwGuf ½lyg0p&psmefawGESifh ½lyg0p&psmefawG&JU tm½kHrSvnf;qdwfokOf;aew,f? ½lyonm y#dConm emewåonmwdkYrSvnf;qdwfokOf;aew,f/ 'Dvdk qdwfokOf;aewJhtwGufaMumifh tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefpdwfudkvnf; pdwå0da0uvdkY ac:qdkw,f/ tvm;wlyJ 0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefodkY qdkufa&mufaewJhyk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm tmumomeÍöm,wepsmefrS qdwfokOf;aew,f? tmudÍönm,wepsmefodk Yqdkufa&mufaewJhyk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm 0dnmPÍöm,wepsmefrS qdwfokOf;aew,f? ae0onmemonm,wepsmefodkY qdkufa&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm tmudÍönm,wepsmefrS qdwfokOf;aew,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D0dnmPÍöm,wepsmef tmudÍönm,wepsmef ae0onmemonm,wepsmefawGudk 0ifpm;vsuf aexdkifjcif;udkvnf; pdwå0da0uvdkYac:qdkw,f/124

124 (0dok'¨d?1?324/)


'Dvdk pdwå0da0ue,fy,frSm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaejcif;udkvnf;jrwfpGmbk&m; ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f/ tcsdefawG jzKef;NyD;awmh tusKd;r&SdwJh psmefr*fzdkvfeJY rqufpyfwJh pum;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk ajymqdkumaexdkifaejcif;rsKd;udkawmh bk&m;&Sifonf tjrJ &GH&Smpufqkyfawmfrlygw,f/

r[meda'óygVdawmfESifh125 r[meda'ót|uxmwdkYrSmawmh126

ckajymcJhwJh psmeformywf &Spfyg;wGifomru avmukwå&mpdwfawGudkvnf; rdrdwdkY y,f&Sm;&rnfh qdkif&m qdkif&m udavomwdkYrS uif;qdwfaeMuwJhtwGuf pdwå0da0uvdkY ac:qdkaMumif; &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;awmfrlygw,f/

aomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf ---- cE¨m (5)yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;wdkYtay:üig olwpfyg; a,mufsm; rdef;r yk*¾dKvf owå0g vl ewf jA[®m ponfjzifhpGJvrf;,kHMunfrI (= t,lrSm;rI)ç toufaumif vdyfjymaumif 0dnmPfaumif twåaumifvdkY pGJvrf;,kHMunfrI (= t,lrSm;rI) ..qdkwJh ouúm,'d|doHa,mZOf (= 'd|mEko,)? &wemokH;wef uH-uH&JU tusKd;w&m;ponfwdkYtay:ü [kwfavovm; r[kwfavovm;ç ,ckvdkacwfrSmpsmeformywfawG &rS&Edkifyghrvm;ç r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawGudk &rS&Edkifyghrvm; ponfjzifh odkYavmodkYavm awG;awm,kHrSm;rI (= 0dpdudpämoHa,mZOf = 0dpdudpämEko,)? ]]EGm;tusifh acG;tusifh ponfwdkYjzifhudavomwdkYrS pifMu,fEdkifw,f oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rS vGwfajrmufEdkifw,f}}vdYk 'Dvdk trSm;rSm; t,Gif;,Gif; okH;oyfwwfwJh oDvAÁwy&mrmooHa,mZOf - qdkwJh udavomawGudkvnf;aumif;ç ,if;udavom

125 (r[meda'óygVdawmf?108-109/)126 pdwå0da0aumwd r[*¾wavmukwå&pdwåmeH udavao[d oknbma0g

wkpäbma0gwd taw¬m/ (r[meda'ó?|?88/)


wdkYESifh wlaomwnf&mtm½kH &SdaeMuwJh (wa'u|) ,if;udavomwdkYaemufodkY tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygaeMuwJh (w'Ek0wåu) udavomtaygif;tazmfawGESifh ,if;udavomawGeJY pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSmtwl,SOfwGJjzpfaeMuwJh tukodkvfcEmawGudkvnf;aumif; - 'Dtukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk tZÑwåocFg&w&m;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk aomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓPfPfPfPfPfut<uif;rJh y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf aomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓaomwmywådr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf[m tZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;rS uif;qdwfaew,f/tvm;wlyJ aomwmywådzvormywfudk 0ifpm;aewJh aomwmyeft&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; tZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdygw,f/

ou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf ---- ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh umr&m*oHa,mZOf(= umr&m*gEko,)ESifh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh y#dCoHa,mZOf (= y#dCmEko,) - qdkwJh udavomawGudkvnf;aumif;ç ,if;udavomwdkYESifhwlaomwnf&mtm½kH &SdaeMuwJh (wa'u|) ,if;udavomawG&JUaemufudk tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygaeMuwJh (w'Ek0wåu) udavomtaygif;tazmfawGESifh ,if;udavomawGeJY pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSmtwl,SOfwGJjzpfaeMuwJh tukodkvfcEmawGudkvnf;aumif;- 'Dtukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk tZÑwåocFg&w&m;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m; tm;vkH;udk ou-ou-ou-ou-ou-'g*grdr*fÓ'g*grdr*fÓ'g*grdr*fÓ'g*grdr*fÓ'g*grdr*fÓPfPfPfPfPfu y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf ou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓou'g*grdr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf[mtZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfaew,f/ tvm;wlyJ ou'g*grdzvormywfudk0ifpm;aewJh ou'g*grft&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf;tZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdygw,f/


tem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf ---- odrfarGUEl;nHhaewJh umr&m*oHa,mZOf(= umr&m*gEko,)ESifh odrfarGUEl;nHhaewJh y#dCoHa,mZOf (= y#dCmEko,) - qdkwJh udavomawGudkvnf;aumif;ç ,if;udavomwdkYESifhwlaomwnf&mtm½kH &SdaeMuwJh (wa'u|) ,if;udavomawG&JUaemufudk tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygaeMuwJh (w'Ek0wåu) udavomtaygif;tazmfawGESifh ,if;udavomawGeJY pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSmtwl,SOfwGJjzpfaeMuwJh tukodkvfcEmawGudkvnf;aumif;- 'Dtukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk tZÑwåocFg&w&m;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh odrfarGUEl;nHhwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk tem*grdtem*grdtem*grdtem*grdtem*grdr*fÓr*fÓr*fÓr*fÓr*fÓPfPfPfPfPfu t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf tem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓtem*grdr*fÓPfPfPfPfPf[m tZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh odrfarGUEl;nHhwJh,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdk YrS uif;qdwfaew,f/ tvm;wlyJtem*grdzvormywfudk 0ifpm;aewJh tem*grft&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh odrfarGUEl;nHhwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdygw,f/

t&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓPfPfPfPfPf ---- ½lyb0tay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmaewJh½ly&m*oHa,mZOfESifh t½lyb0tay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmaewJh t½ly&m*oHa,mZOfqdkwJh b0&m*gEko,ç pdwf"mwfwuf<u axmifvTm;jcif;rmeoHa,mZOf (= rmemEko,)ç pdwf"mwfysHUvGifhrI O'¨pöoHa,mZOfçopömav;yg; trSefw&m;awGudk rodrI ajymif;jyefvSefum a,mufsm;rdef;r ponfjzifh trSm;awGudk odaerI t0dZÆmoHa,mZOf (= t0dZÆmEko,) - qdkwJh udavomawGudkvnf;aumif;ç ,if;udavomwdkYESifhwlaomwnf&mtm½kH &SdaeMuwJh (wa'u|) ,if;udavomawG&JUaemufudk tpOfwpdkuf vdkufygaeMuwJh (w'Ek0wåu) udavomtaygif;tazmfawGESifh ,if;udavomawGeJY pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSmtwl,SOfwGJjzpfaeMuwJh tukodkvfcEmawGudkvnf;aumif;- 'Dtukodkvf


w&m;tm;vkH;udk tZÑwåocFg&w&m;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;udk t&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓPfPfPfPfPfu t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf t&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓt&[wår*fÓPfPfPfPfPf[m tZÑwåocFg&vdkY ac:qdkwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrSuif;qdwfaew,f/ tvm;wlyJ t&[wåzvormywfudk 0ifpm;awmfrlaewJh &[EÅmt&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; tZÑwåocFg&vdkYac:qdkwJh ,if;tukodkvfw&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdygw,f/

'gwGifruao;bl;? t&[wår*fÓPfu t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif y,f&Sm;vdkufNyD;jzpfwJh tukodkvfw&m; (= tukodkvfcE¨m)tm;vkH;udk tZÑwåocFg&w&m;vdkY ac:qdkxm;wJhtwGuf ,if;tZÑwåocFg& (= tukodkvfcEm)rS axmufqum <uif;usefaeMuwJh ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYudk (tZÑwåoEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ocFg&w&m;awGyJ jzpfcsifjzpfMuygapç A[d'oEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ocFg&w&m;awGyJ jzpfcsifjzpfMuygap tm;vkH;udkyJ) ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} (= A[d'ocFg&w&m;awG)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ t&[wår*fÓPf[m ,if;tZÑwåocFg&trnf&wJh tukodkvfcEmESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJh A[d'ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ t&[wåzvormywfudk 0ifpm;awmfrlaewJh &[EÅmt&Sifjrwf&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf;,if;tZÑwåocFg&trnf&wJh tukodkvfcEmESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJh A[d'¨ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/127

odkYaomf y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmfESifh 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmwdkYrSmawmh128

t&d,r*fÓPf (4)yg;vkH;wdkYrSmyJ ---- rdrdwdkYqdkif&m t&d,r*fw&m;toD;toD;u y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJh tZÑwåocFg&trnf&wJh tukodkvf

127 (r[meda'´oygVdawmf?108-109/ y#doH?66-67/)128 (y#doH?66-67/ 0dok'¨d?2?321-322/)


cEmtm;vkH;ESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJh A[d'ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfaeaMumif;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ av;rsKd;aom qdkif&mqdkif&m zvormywftoD;toD;udk 0ifpm;awmfrlaeMuwJh qdkif&mqdkif&m t&d,molawmfaumif;awG&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; zvormywftoD;toD;tcdkufrSm rdrdwdkYqdkif&m t&d,r*fw&m;toD;toD;u y,f&Sm;xm;NyD;jzpfwJh tZÑwåocFg&trnf&wJh tukodkvfcEmtoD;toD;ESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJhA[d'¨ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/

taMumif;jycsufuawmh 'Dvkdyg/ t&d,r*fÓPftm;vkH;wdkYESifht&d,zdkvfÓPftm;vkH;wdkY[m oAÁocFg&orxtrnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS Nidrf;at;&mjzpfawmfrlwJh tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudkç oAÁLy"dedó*¾trnf&wJh Oy"dav;jzmwdkYudk pGefYvTwf&mjzpfwJh Oy"dav;jzmwdkYrS uif;qdwf&mjzpfwJh tocFw"mwf tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk toD;toD; tm½kHjyKum jzpfay:aeMuwJhavmukwå&mw&m;xl; w&m;jrwfawG jzpfMuygw,f/ rdrdwdkY&JU tm½kHjzpfwJh tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;[mvnf; ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f? rdrdwdkYqdkif&m t&d,r*fÓPftoD;toD; jzpfcdkufrSmvnf; qdkif&mqdkif&m t&d,r*f pdwfapwodufawGom jzpfcGifh&SdMuwJhtwGuf tjcm;ocFg&w&m;awGvnf; jzpfcGifhr&SdMuwJhtwGuf ajymcJhNyD;wJh qdkif&mqdkif&m tZÑwåocFg& trnf&wJhtukodkvf cEmtoD;toD;ESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJh A[d'ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ t&d,zdkvfÓPftoD;toD; jzpfcdkufrSmvnf; qdkif&mqdkif&m t&d,zdkvf pdwfapwodufawGom xif&Sm;jzpfaeMuwJhtwGuf tjcm;ocFg&w&m;awGvnf; jzpfcGifhr&SdMuwJhtwGuf ajymcJhNyD;wJh qdkif&mqdkif&m tZÑwå ocFg&trnf&wJh tukodkvfcEmtoD;toD;ESifh ]A[d' oAÁedrdwå} trnf&wJh


A[d'¨ocFg&w&m;tm;vkH;wdkYrS uif;qdwfvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/

'Davmukwå&mpdwfawGuawmh taumif;qkH;aom tjrwfqkH;aombk&m;&Sif tESpfNcdKufqkH; jzpfawmfrlwJh pdwå0da0uw&m;awG jzpfMuygw,f/

,ckvdk tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;vSwJh pdwå0da0uESifh qufpyfaewJhw&m;pum;awGudk aqG;aEG;aewm wdkifyifaewm ajymMum;aewmawGudkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f? Mum;vnf; Mum;vdkwJhoabm &Sdawmfrlygw,f/

bk&m;&Sifbufuawmh rdrdwnfaxmifxm;awmfrlwJh omoemawmfudk rSDwif;aexdkifMuwJh wynfhom0uawG[m ,ckvdk tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;vSwJh pdwå0da0ue,fy,frSm aexdkifoDwif;okH;aewmudk ESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f? jrifvnf; jrifawmfrlvdkygw,f? aexdkifoDwif;okH;EdkifwJholawmfaumif;awG jzpfajrmufa&;twGufvnf; Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum wdkufwGef;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

]]cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ...þonfwdkYuawmh ..opfyif&if;ausmif;awGjzpfMuw,f? þonfwdkYuawmh .. qdwfNidrfwJh awmausmif; awmifausmif;awG jzpfMuw,f? cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk opfyif&if;ausmif;awGrSm aexdkifNyD;awmh 'DvdkqdwfNidrfwJh awmausmif; awmifausmif;awGrSm aexdkifNyD;awmh avmuDpsmef avmukwå&mpsmefawGudk 0ifpm;umoifcspfom;wdkY&JUoEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh udavomawmcsKHykwfawGudkavmifuRrf;oGm;atmif ½IdUNrd§KufMuprf;yg? orx 0dyóembm0emukodkvfw&m;wdkYü arharhavsmhavsmh ayghayghqq raexdkifMuygukefvifh?aemifaomtcg aocgeD;umvusrS raumif;wJh tm½kHedrdwfawG xifvmwJhtwGuf ]]igawmh rSm;cJhavNyDaygh}}vdkY pdwfESvkH; romr,m rjzpfMuygukefvifh ../ 'DtqkH;truawmh oifcspfom;wdkYtwGuf igbk&m;&Sif


wdkYu Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum qdkqkH;raewJh tqkH;tr (= tEkomoeD) w&m;pum;awmfyJ jzpfygw,f/}}129

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu xyfumxyfum wdkufwGef;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

aemufwpfck --- Oy"d0da0utaMumif;udk ajymMu&atmif ../

Oy"d av;jzmwdkYrS uif;qdwfaewJh edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk Oy"d0da0uvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ Oy"d av;jzmqdkwmuawmh umrly"d cELy"dudavoly"d tbdocFg½ly"dwdkY jzpfMuw,f/

tqif; toH teHY t&om tawGUtxdvdkY ac:qdkwJh tm½kHig;yg;umr*kPfw&m;awGudk ---- ,if;tm½kHtoD;toD;wdkYtay:ü wG,fwmrufarmrI om,mESpfoufrI umrwPSmvQif taMumif;&if;cH &SdaewJh0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om cHpm;rI aomreó (= okca0'em)&JU wnf&mjzpfvdkYumrly"dumrly"dumrly"dumrly"dumrly"dvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

cE¨mig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;awGudk ---- ,if;cE¨mvQif taMumif;&if;cH&SdaewJh y#doaEwnfae&jcif; Zmwd'ku©ç tdk&jcif; Z&m'ku©ç zsm;em&jcif;Asm"d'ku©ç aoausysufpD;&jcif; r&P'ku©ç tdkemaoa&; 'ku©ab;rSuif;a0;&ef tvdk&Sdygaomfvnf; awmifhwygaomfvnf; tvdk&Sdwdkif;awmifhwwdkif; r&EdkifwJhtwGuf pdwfqif;&J&jcif;'ku©ç cspfESpfouftyfwJhowå0g ocFg&awGESifh auGuGif;cGJcGm&vdkY jzpfay:vmwJh pdwfqif;&J&jcif;'ku©ç rcspfrESpfouftyfwJh owå0g ocFg&awGESifh aygif;oif;qufqHae&vdkY jzpfay:vm&wJh pdwfqif;&J&jcif;'ku©ç ouf&Sd oufrJh umr0w¬KtpkpkawG azmufjyefysufpD;rIudk taMumif;jyKum jzpfay:vmwJh pdk;&drf

129 {wmed bdu©a0 ½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0rm yrm'w¬? rm ypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuHtEkomoeD/ (r?1?167/ . . .)


&jcif; aomuç idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif; y&da'0ç udk,fqif;&J&jcif; 'ku©çpdwfqif;&J&jcif; a'greóç jyif;pGmylyef&jcif; Oyg,moqdkwJh qif;&J'ku©trsKd;rsKd;ESifh &m*rD; a'gorD; arm[rD; pwJh udavom tylrD;awG&JUavmifNrdKufrIaMumifh jzpfay:vm&wJh qif;&J'ku© --- 'Dqif;&J'ku©t00wdkY&JUwnf&mjzpfvdkY cE¨Ly"dcE¨Ly"dcE¨Ly"dcE¨Ly"dcE¨Ly"dvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

&m*ç a'goç arm[ç rmefrme pwJh udavomawGudkvnf; ----tyg,foHo&m0#fqif;&JodkY a&mufjcif; &jcif;&JU taMumif;&if;ppf {uefjzpfaeMuwJhtwGuf tyg,foHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00wdkY&JU wnf&mjzpfvdkY udavoly"dudavoly"dudavoly"dudavoly"dudavoly"dvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

ukodkvfocFg& tukodkvfocFg&w&m;awG[mvnf; b0opfudkjzpfay:vmatmif jyKjyifwnfaxmifay;wwfwJh w&m;awG jzpfjcif;aMumifh tbdocFg&w&m;awGvdkY ac:qdkw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D ukodkvftbdocFg&w&m; tukodkvftbdocFg&w&m;awGudkvnf; b0'ku© oHo&m0#f'ku©t00wdkY&JU wnf&mjzpfvdkY tbdocFg½ly"dtbdocFg½ly"dtbdocFg½ly"dtbdocFg½ly"dtbdocFg½ly"dvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;rSm ckajymcJhwJh Oy"d av;yg;pvkH;wdkY[mrwnf&Sd Mubl;? Oy"d av;jzmwdkYrS tjrJwrf; uif;qdwfvsuf &Sdaew,f/'gaMumifh 'DedAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk Oy"d0da0uvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/130ç 131

130 {w¬ Oy"Dwd pwåma&m Oy"D — umrly"d? cELy"d? udavoly"d? tbdocFg½l-y"Dwd/ umrmyd [d ]],H yÍö umr*kaP y#dpö OyÜZÆwd okcH aomreóH?t,H umrmeH tóma'g}}wd (r?ed?1/166/) {0H 0kwåó okcót"d|mebm0awm ]]Oy"d,wd {w¬ okc}}EÅd £rdem 0peaw¬e Oy"Dwd0kpöwd/ cE¨myd cE¨rlvuó 'ku©ó t"d|mebm0awm? udavomydtyg,'ku©ó t"d|mebm0awm? tbdocFg&myd b0'ku©ót"d|mebm0awmwd/ (o*gxm0*¾?|?1?30/)

131 oAÁLy"dy#dedó*¾w¬m,mwd {w¬ pwåma&m Oy"D - umrky"d? cE¨Ky"d?udavoky"d? tbdocFg½ky"Dwd/ umrmyd [d ]],H yÍö umr*kaP y#dpö


'Dvdk Oy"d av;jzmwdkYrS uif;qdwf&mjzpfwJh edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudktm½kHjyKvsuf zvormywfawG 0ifpm;um aexdkifjcif;udkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu tvGefESpfNcdKufawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk Oy"d0da0uESifh qufpyfaewJhw&m;pum;awGudk aqG;aEG;aejcif; wdkifyifaejcif; ajymMum;aejcif;udkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu MunfjzLpGm cGifhjyKawmfrlvsufyif &Sdaeygw,f/

4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ tttttoHo*¾uxm = oHo*¾uxm = oHo*¾uxm = oHo*¾uxm = oHo*¾uxm = aaaaa&m&m&m&m&maaaaa&m&m&m&m&maaaaaESmESmESmESmESmaaaaaESm ESm ESm ESm ESm rararararaexdkifjexdkifjexdkifjexdkifjexdkifjcccccif;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh pppppyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhw&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

'Dae&mrSm O'get|uxm pwJh t|uxmrsm;u132 oHo*¾ (5)rsKd;zGifhqdkxm;Muygw,f/

1/ o0eoHo*¾ = Mum;½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkYESifh a&maESmaexdkifjcif;

2/ 'óeoHo*¾ = jrif&½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkYESifha&maESmaexdkifjcif;

3/ orkv’yeoHo*¾ = pum;ajymqdkae&½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJhudavomwdkYESifh a&maESmaexdkifjcif;

4/ oarÇm*oHo*¾ = ypönf;udk okH;aqmif&½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJhudavomwdkYESifh a&maESmaexdkifjcif;

OyÜZÆwd okcH aomreóH? t,H umrmeH tóma'g}}wd (t?ed?9?34){0H 0kwåó okcó? w'óm'edrdwåó 0g 'ku©ó t"d|mebm0awmOy"D,wd {w¬ okcEÅd £rdem 0peaw¬e ]]Oy"D}}wd 0kpöEÅd/ cEmyd cErlv-uó 'ku©ó t"d|mebm0awm? udavomyd tyg,'ku©ó t"d|m-ebm0awm? tbdocFg&myd b0'ku©ó t"d|mebm0awm ]]Oy"D}}wd0kpöEÅd/ oaAÁoH Oy"DeH y#dedóa*¾g y[meH {w¬mwd oAÁLy"dy#dedó*¾H?edAÁmeH/ (tH?'ku-wdu-pwkuú#Dum?2-3/)

132 (r?|?2?50/ O'ge?|?210/ ty'ge?|?1?174/)


5/ um,oHo*¾ = udk,fvufESD;aESmrdjcif;jzifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkYESifh a&maESmaexdkifjcif; ..

'Dvdk oHo*¾ (5)rsKd; zGifhqdkxm;Muygw,f/

1/ o0eoHo*¾o0eoHo*¾o0eoHo*¾o0eoHo*¾o0eoHo*¾ = Mum;½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkYESifha&maESmaexdkifjcif; ---- 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m]]þrnf þrnfaom &GmrSm þrnf þrnfaom trsKd;orD;wpfOD;[m½kyftqif;u odyfvSw,f? MunhfvdkYvnf; odyfaumif;w,f? ½Ijrif&olwdkY&JUpdwf"mwfudk Munfvifapwwfw,f? tom;ta& ta&miftqif;uvnf; odyfvSw,f? vkH;&yfoP²mefESifhvnf; jynfhpkHw,f}} ---- 'Dvdk*kPfowif;awGudk olwpfyg;awGu ajymjyvdkY Mum;vdkufrdw,f/ 'DvdkMum;vdkuf&½kHeJYyJ omoemawmfrSm &[ef;b0jzifh &[ef;w&m;awGudkqufvufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkYtwGuf pdwf"mwfawGu qkwfepfoGm;w,f? epfjrKyfoGm;w,f? omoejA[®p&d,ac:wJhrGefjrwfwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGudk qufvufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkY&ef rpGrf;Edkif jzpfoGm;w,f?aemufqkH;awmh odu©mcsNyD; vl0wfvJoGm;w,f/ 'Dvdk 0dobm*tm½kHtaMumif;udk Mum;vdkuf&wJhtcgrSmyJjzpfapç rdrdudk,fwdkifu trsKd;orD;udkjrifawGUvdkufwJhtcg 'DtrsKd;orD;&JU jyHK;&,faewJhtoH pum;ajymqdkaewJhtoH oDcsif;trsKd;rsKd;awGudk oDqdkaewJh oDcsif;oH --- 'DvdktoHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk Mum;vdkufwJhtcgrSmyJjzpfap rdrd&JUoEÅmefrSm 'DDtrsKd;orD;tay:üwG,fwmrufarmaewJh om,mESpfoufaewJh &m*trsKd;rsKd;awGvnf;xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk Mum;vdkufwJhtcg aomw0dnmP0Dxdaemufudk tpOfwpdkufvdkufygaeMuwJh raem'Gg&0DxdtrsKd;rsKd;awG&JUtwGif;rSm wnf&SdMuwJh aZmpdwfawGESifh ,SOfwGJum jzpfay:vmwJh&m*trsKd;rsKd;awGESifh aygif;azmf,SOfwGJum a&maESmaexdkifjcif;udkyJo0eoHo*¾vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/132


'Dtydkif;rSm t|uxmrsm;u tedw¬d*E yapöuAk'gbk&m;tavmif;awmf&JU 0w¬KZmwfaMumif;udk ykHpHxkwfjyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dolawmfaumif;[m yapöuaAm"dÓPf&&Sda&;twGuf &nf&G,fawmifhwawmfrlumESpfoacFsESifh urÇmwpfodef;wdkYumvywfvkH; yg&rDtvDvDwdkYudk jznfhusifhqnf;yl;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf yg&rDw&m;taygif;wdkYu rNyD;pD;rjynfhpkHMuao;wJhtwGuf yapöuaAm"dÓPfawmfjrwfudk r&&SdcifpyfMum;umv wpfckaomb00,f uóybk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmfESifhMuHKBudKufwJhtwGuf omoemawmftwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufum &Sif&[ef;jyKcJhygw,f/ &Sif&[ef;jyKawmfrlNyD;aemuf uodkPf;y&duHawGudk avhusifhawmfrlcJhygw,f/ yxrpsmefudk OD;pm;ay;um 0dyóem&JU tajccHyg'upsmeftjzpf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhygw,f/ ,if;psmeform"dudk 0dyóem&JUtajccHorm"dtjzpf xlaxmifNyD;aemuf ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;um vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum tqifhqifhaom 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhygw,f/ odkYaomf yapöuaAm"dÓPf &&Sda&;twGuf yg&rDawmfjrwftaygif;wdkYu r&ifhusufao;wJhtwGuf t&d,r*fodkY rqdkufa&mufbJ£'¨dyg'fav;yg; jcH&Hum yxrpsmefudk tjrwfpm; yGm;cJhwJhtwGufuG,fvGefwJhtcg yxrpsmefbkH jA[®mhjynfodkY a&muf&SdcJhygw,f/ ,if;jA[®mhjynfrS oufwrf;ukefvdkY vlUjynfudk wpfzef y#doaE¨tm;jzifhuyfa&mufvmwJhtcg Am&mPoDbk&if&JU rdzk&m;acgifBuD;0rf;MumwdkufrSm y#doaE wnfaecJhygw,f/ arG;zGm;vmNyD;aemuf a,mufsm;ESifhrdef;rudk cGJjcm;NyD; odEdkifwJhtcsdefu pí trsKd;orD;wdkY&JUvufwGif;rSmraysmfarGUwJhtwGuf trsKd;om;awGuyJ tpp t&m&m jyKpkvkyfauR;cJh&w,f/ EdkYcsKdwdkufauR;wJh trsKd;orD;awGuvnf; a,mufsm;toGif0wfqifum &ifom;rsm;udk zkH;tkyfum EdkYcsKdwdkufauR;Mu&ygw,f/'Duav;[m trsKd;orD;teHYudk &vQifvnf; idkwwfw,f? trsKd;orD;


toHudk Mum;vQifvnf; idkwwfw,f? odMum;vdr®mwJht&G,fudk a&muf&SdvmwJhtcgrSmvnf; trsKd;orD;rsm;udk jrifvdkwJhpdwfxm;r&Sd jzpfaew,f/'gaMumifh olUudk tedw¬d*E¨olwdkYom;vdkY trnfay;xm;Muygw,f/

'Dtedw¬d*EolwdkYom;av; (16)ESpft&G,fudk a&muf&SdvmwJhtcgrSmrdbESpfyg;wdkYu .. ]]rif;rsKd;rif;EG,f tpOftqufudk wnfwHhatmifjyKvkyfrnf}}vdkY qkH;jzwfcsufcsum trsKd;orD;trsKd;rsKd;awGjzifh enf;rsKd;pkHjyKvkyfum jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmifcJhygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&&SdcJhyg/ wpfaeYrSmawmh tvGeftqif;vSywJh a&Tpif½kyfwpfckudk jyKvkyfum rif;om;i,ftm; jyvdkufwJhtcg rif;om;i,fu oabmusoGm;wJhtwGuf 'Dvdk a&Tpif½kyfESifh wlnDwJh trsKd;orD;i,fudk &&SdrnfqdkvQifoloabmwlvufcHrnfjzpfaMumif;ukd rdbawGtm; ajymMum;vdkufygw,f/ 'Dvdk oabmwlnDcsufudk &&SdwJhtcg Am&mPoDbk&ifuvnf;rSL;BuD;rwf&mawGudk 'Dvdk a&Tpif½kyfESifhwlnDwJh trsKd;orD;i,fudk ZrÁL'dyfwpfuRef;vkH;rSm vSnfhvnfum &SmazG&ef trdefYawmfjrwf csrSwfay;vdkufygw,f/ rSL;BuD;rwf&mwdkYuvnf; ZrÁL'dyfwpfuRef;vkH;rSm vSnfhvnfNyD;&SmazGvdkufMuwJhtcg aemufqkH;rSmawmh r'&mZfwdkif; om*vNrdKU r'&mZfbk&ifrif;jrwf&JU orD;awmf rif;orD;udk &SmazGawGU&SdcJhMuygw,f/ r'&mZfbk&ifrif;jrwf&JU oabmwlnDrIESifh Am&mPoDbk&if&JU cGifhjyKcsuft&xdkrif;orD;i,fudk Am&mPoDNrdKUodkY o,faqmifcJhMuygw,f/

a&Tpif½kyfxuf ydkrdkNyD; acsmarmvSywJh rif;orD;i,fudk &&SdvmNyDqdkwJhowif;pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&½kHrQjzifh tedw¬d*EolwdkYom;[m rdrd&&Sdxm;wJhyxrpsmeform"drS csufcsif;yJ avQmusoGm;cJhw,f/ rdrd&JU rdzk&m;avmif;rif;orD;i,ftay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmaewJh ESpfoufjrwfEdk;rI &m*rD;awG[m t&Sdefjyif;pGm qufwdkuf jzpfay:aecJhygw,f/


wpfaeYrSm rSL;BuD;rwf&mawGvnf; rif;orD;i,fudk o,faqmifumAm&mPoDNrdKUodkY qdkufa&mufcJhMuygw,f/ BuD;us,fwJh rif;crf;rif;em;jzihfrif;orD;i,fudk eef;wGif;odkY o,faqmif,lrnfqdkwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifhNrdKUudk jyifqifaewmudk apmifhqdkif;&if;eJYyJ rif;O,smOfawmfrSm wpfnwmrQ wnf;cdkMuygw,f/

odkYaomf uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusa&mufzdkYtwGuf taMumif;wpfckuay:vmjyefw,f/ xdkrif;orD;i,fum; ewftqif;wrQ tvGefYtvGefacsmarmvSywifhw,f½kHomru tvGefYtvGef odrfarGUEl;nHhwJh udk,fcHtm;&SdaewJh tm;EGJUol jzpfaeonfuwpfaMumif;ç Murf;wrf;wJh vrf;c&D;udk &ufaygif;rsm;pGm a0g,mOfpD;um jzwfausmfvmcJh&wmuvnf;wpfaMumif; -- 'DvdktaMumif;awGaMumifh tvGefYtvGef yifyef;EGrf;e,fum tm;ukefcef;NyD;awmh xdknrSmyJ uG,fvGefoGm;cJhygw,f/

Am&mPoDrif;jrwfESifhwuG wdkif;oljynfom;tm;vkH;wdkYvnf;,lusKH;r&jzpfum aMuuGJ0rf;enf;zG,f&mZmwfvrf;eJY MuHKawGUaeMu&jyefw,f/ txl;ojzifh rif;om;i,f&JU oEÅmefrSm pdwfqif;&JrI a'greów&m;awGu tvGefYtvGef zdpD;ESdyfpufaecJhygw,f/ odkYaomf yapöuaAm"dÓPfawmfjrwfudk &&SdzdkY&ef yg&rDawmfjrwftaygif;wdkYu &ifhanmif;vmMuNyD jzpfwJhtwGuf .. a&S;a&S;b0aygif;rsm;pGmua&m teD;uyfqkH;jzpfwJh uóybk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmftwGif;ua&m aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;awGESifhwuG ½kyfemrf"r®(= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum ½IyGm;okH;oyfxm;cJhzl;wJh 0dyóemÓPfawGuvnf; tm;ay;axmufyHhaeMuwJhtwGuf .. y#doaE wnfae&rI Zmwdudk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmcJhwJh ,ckvdk pdwfqif;&J&jcif; 'ku©udkvnf; or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifhudk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifwJhtxd ½IyGm;vdkY &&SdcJhygw,f/tvm;wlyJ Zmwd&JU taMumif;&if;cHjzpfwJh ur®b0ç ur®b0&JU


taMumif;&if;cHjzpfwJh Oyg'gefpwJh aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)oabmw&m;awGudk tEkvkH y#dvkHtm;jzifh tjyefjyef tvSefvSef½IyGm;okH;oyfvdkY &&SdcJhygw,f/ a&SUodkYwpfqifhwufum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudk tqifhqifh pD;jzef;awmfrlvdkufwJhtcg yapöuaAm"dÓPfawmfjrwfodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlum yapöuAk'¨gbk&m;&SiftjzpfodkYa&muf&SdoGm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

rif;orD;i,f&JUtaMumif;udk Mum;&½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJh wG,fwmrufarmrI om,mwyfrufrIqdkwJh &m*w&m;ESifh aygif;azmfum a&ma&maESmaESm aexdkifrdjcif;qdkwJh o0eoHo*¾Zmwfvrf;wpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/133

2/ 'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾ = jrif&½kHrQjzifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkYESifha&maESmaexdkifjcif; ---- 'D&[ef;awmfuawmh trsKd;orD;taMumif;udkMum;vkdufrdwmawmh r[kwfbl;? oludk,fwkdif jrifawGUvdkufrdw,f/ 'DtrsKd;orD;[m ½kyftqif;u odyfvSw,f? MunhfvdkYvnf; odyfaumif;w,f? ½Ijrif&olwdkY&JUpdwf"mwfudk Munfvifapwwfw,f? tom;ta&ta&miftqif;uvnf; odyfvSw,f? vkH;&yfoP²mefESifhvnf; jynfhpkHw,f/ 'DvdktrsKd;orD;udk jrifawGUvdkuf&wJhtcg 'Dvdkjrifvdkuf&½kHeJYyJomoemawmfrSm &[ef;b0jzifh &[ef;w&m;awGudk qufvufumusifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkYtwGuf pdwf"mwfawGu qkwfepfoGm;w,f? epfjrKyfoGm;w,f? omoejA[®p&d,ac:wJh rGefjrwfwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGudk qufvufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkY&ef rpGrf;Edkif jzpfoGm;w,f? aemufqkH;awmhodu©mcsNyD; vl0wfvJoGm;w,f/ 'Dvdk 0dobm*tm½kHudk jrifvdkuf&½kHrQjzifhjzpfay:vmwJh udavomawGESifh aygif;azmf,SOfwGJum a&maESmaexdkifjcif;udk 'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/134

133 (ty'ge?|?1?171-173/ okwåedygw?|?1?60/ r?|?2?50/)134 (O'ge?|?210/)


'Dae&mrSm txl;ojzifhawmh trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;wdkY wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; jrifawGUMu&m0,f pu©K0dnmP0DxdpdwftpOfrsm; jzpfay:vmMuygw,f/ 'Dpu©K0dnmP0DxdpdwftpOfawGaemufodk Y tpOfwpdkufvdkufum jzpfay:aeMuwJh raem'Gg&0DxdpdwftpOfawGvnf; &SdMuygw,f/ 'Draem'Gg&0DxdaZmpdwftpOfawGeJY ,SOfwGJum jzpfay:aewJhwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; om,mESpfoufaewJh wG,fwmrufarmaewJh &m*awGuawmh pu©K0dnmP0DxdtwGif;rSm jzpfay:MuwJh &m*awGxuf ydkrdkumtm;aumif;wJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½lyg½kHudk wyfrufaewJh om,mESpfoufaewJh pGrf;tm;aumif;wJh &m*awGESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh pdwftpOfawGESifh aygif;azmfum a&maESmaexdkifjcif;udk 'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾'óeoHo*¾vdkY ac:qdkvdk&if;jzpfygw,f/135

'Dae&mrSm t|uxmrsm;u 0w¬KtaMumif;wpfckudk azmfjyxm;Muygw,f ../

wpfaeYrSm oD[dkVfuRef; uvsmPDausmif;wdkufuvsmPDausmif;wdkufuvsmPDausmif;wdkufuvsmPDausmif;wdkufuvsmPDausmif;wdkufrSm oDwif;okH;aewJh'DCedum,f okH;usrf;udk EIwfikHaqmifxm;EdkifwJh 'DCbmPu &[ef;awmfi,fwpfyg;[m ygVdawmfrsm;udk qufvufum oif,l&eftwGufumv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkufumv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkufumv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkufumv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkufumv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkufudk a&muf&SdcJhygw,f/ ygVdawmfrsm;udkoif,l&eftwGuf q&morm;xHodkY csOf;uyfum avQmufxm;vdkufwJhtcg oifMum;ay;rnfh q&mawmfBuD;u &[ef;i,f&JU tEÅ&m,fudk'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfÓPfawmfjrwf&JU *dkPf;cGJwpfckjzpfwJh tem*wfudkvSrf;arQmfMunfh½IvdkY&wJh tem*wHotbdnmPfÓPfawmfjrwfjzifhjrifawGUaeNyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf ygVdawmfudk oif,l&ef cGifhrjyKcJhyg/ odkYaomf&[ef;awmfi,fu Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum avQmufxm;aewJhtwGuf ]]igh&Sif ...&GmxJudk roGm;cJhbl;qdkvQif oifay;rnf}}vdYk ajymqdk

135 (ty'ge?|?1?173/)


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136 (r?|?2?50-51/ ty'ge?|?1?173/) 137 (tH?1?1-2/)


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ar o&D&H ZdPÖH? &ma*g ye e ZD&wdar o&D&H ZdPÖH? &ma*g ye e ZD&wdar o&D&H ZdPÖH? &ma*g ye e ZD&wdar o&D&H ZdPÖH? &ma*g ye e ZD&wdar o&D&H ZdPÖH? &ma*g ye e ZD&wd = igh&JU cEmudk,f[m tdkaeaomfvnf;igh&JU &m*uawmh rtdkao;yg}}vdYk rdrdudk jyuf&,fjyKaewJh vltrsm;udkajymjyvdkufygw,f/140 tvm;wlyJ .. txufyg oydwfajcZmwfvrf;[mvnf; vlyiftdkaomfvnf; &m*rtdkao;wJh owdjyKoifhwJh Zmwfvrf;wpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/

5/ um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾ = udk,fvufESD;aESmrdjcif;jzifh jzpfay:vmwJhudavomwdkYESifh a&maESmaexdkifjcif; ---- trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;wdkYwpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; udk,fvufESD;aESmrdjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ESpfoufom,mrI wG,fwmrufarmrI &m*ESifh aygif;azmf,SOfwGJ rSD0Jaexdkifjcif;udkum,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾um,oHo*¾vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm ty'get|uxmu141 0rf;enf;aMuuGJzG,f&m jrifuGif;wpfckudk azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ wpfcsdefu oD[dkVfuRef; tEk&m"NrdKUrSmtvGef xif&Sm;ausmfMum;awmfrlcJhwJh r[m0d[m&trnf&wJh ausmif;wdkufBuD;wpfck wnf&SdcJhzl;ygw,f/ xdkausmif;wdkufBuD;twGif;rSm wnf&SdcJhwJh "r®m½kHBuD;wpfck&JUtwGif;0,f "r®moeyv’ifxufrSm &[ef;awmfi,fwpfyg;u w&m;awmfrsm;udk a[mMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'D"r®uxdu&[ef;awmf[m wifhw,fwJh Oy"dorÜwådESifh tvGefjynhfpkH½kHwGifru toHMoZmaumif;rGefpGmjzifh tESpfom&&SdwJh w&m;awmfrsm;udk w&m;emy&dowfwdkY ESpfNcdKufauseyfavmufatmif a[mMum;awmfrlEkdifwJhtausmftarmf "r®uxduwpfOD;yif jzpfcJhygw,f/ tJ'Dw&m;yGJudk t&yfav;rsufESmrS tvGefrsm;jym;vSwJh w&m;emy&dowfawGu vma&mufum em,lcJhMuygw,f? &Sifbk&ifBuD;ESifhwuG rdzk&m;BuD;wdkY[mvnf;orD;jzpfol rif;orD;wpfOD;udkyg ac:aqmifNyD;awmh vma&mufumw&m;awmfudk em,lcJhMuygw,f/

140 (Zmwu?|?5?299/) 141 (ty'ge?|?1?174/)


xdktcg rif;orD;i,f&JU oEÅmefrSm .. tvGefwifhw,fwJh Oy"dorÜwådESifh jynhfpkHaewJh "r®uxdu&[ef;awmf&JU ½kyftqif;eJY tqDMoZmjynhf0aewJh tvGefaumif;rGefwJh toHwdkYtay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmrIESpfoufjrwfEdk;rI &m*w&m;awGu t&Sdeft[kef jyif;xefpGmjzifh wzGm;zGm;jzpfay:aecJhygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ "r®uxdu&[ef;awmf&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; rif;orD;tay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmaewJh ESpfoufjrwfEdk;aewJh&m*w&m;awG[m t&Sdeft[kef jyif;xefpGmjzifh wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:aecJhygw,f/

'Dvdk "r®uxdu&[ef;awmfESifh rif;orD;wkdY&JU wpfOD;tay:rSmwpfOD;u wG,fwmrufarmrI ESpfoufjrwfEdk;rI &m*w&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aewJhtjcif;t&mudk &Sifbk&ifBuD;uvnf; w&m;em,l&if;jzifhowdjyKrdvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/ vlawG&JU twGif;oabm pdwfaepdwfxm;udkudk,ftrlt&m EIwftrlt&mawGudk MunhfNyD;awmh tuJcwfaumif;wJhyk*¾dKvfawGxJrSm 'D&Sifbk&ifBuD;[mvnf; vdr®muRrf;usifwJh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;jzpfw,fvdkY ajymEdkifygw,f/ 'Dvdk tuJcwfrdwJhtwGuf w&m;yGJtNyD;rSm&Sifbk&ifBuD;uvnf; "r®uxdu&[ef;awmfi,fESifh rif;orD;wdkY ESpfOD;udkESpfOD;csif; at;at;aq;aq; awGUqkHcGifh&&Sd&ef oifhawmfwJhwpfae&mrSmtpDtpOfwpfckudk jyKvkyfay;vdkufygw,f/ olwdkYESpfOD; awGUqkHwJhae&mudkvnf; tjcm;olrsm; rawGU&atmif wif;wdrfuefYvefYumawGeJY um&Hay;xm;vdkufygw,f/ tcsdef twefi,fMumanmif;vdkY wif;wdrfuefYvefYumrsm;udk z,f&Sm;um MunfhvdkufwJhtcg ESpfOD;om;wdkY[m wpfOD;&JUvnfyif;udk wpfOD;u ayGUzufum aoyGJ0ifaeMuwmudkyJ jrifawGUMu&awmhw,f/141

'Dvdk taMumif;t&mrsKd;awGudk &nfñTef;awmfrlum bk&m;&Sifuvnf; t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfrSm142 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/142 (tH?1?2/)


cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ...trsKd;orD;&JU tawGUazm|AÁm½kH[m trsKd;om;&JU pdwf"mwfudk odrf;usKH;,liifum ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmifqGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/ trsKd;om;wpfOD;&JU pdwf"mwfudkodrf;usKH;,liifum ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmif qGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh trsKd;orD;&JU tawGUazm|AÁm½kHrSwpfyg; tjcm;wpfyg;aom 'Dvdk ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmif qGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm;&SdwJh tawGUazm|AÁm½kHrsKd;udk igbk&m; jrifawmfrrlygbl;/

cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... trsKd;om;&JU tawGUazm|AÁm½kH[mvnf;trsKd;orD;&JU pdwf"mwfudk odrf;usKH;,liifum ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmif qGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/ trsKd;orD;wpfOD;&JUpdwf"mwfudk odrf;usKH;,liifum ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmifqGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh trsKd;om;&JU tawGUazm|AÁm½kHrSwpfyg;tjcm;wpfyg;aom 'Dvdk ESpfoufwyfrufrI wnfwhHaeatmif qGJaqmifxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh tawGUazm|AÁm½kHrsKd;udk igbk&m; jrifawmfrrlygbl;/142

ckajymcJhwmawGuawmh oHo*¾ (5)rsKd;ESifh qufpyfaewJh taMumif;t&mawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gwGifruao;bl;? O'get|uxmu143

bk&m;&Sif ESpfNcdKufawmfrrlwJh oHo*¾tcsKdUudkvnf; qufvufum &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f/

]]&[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m .. 'um 'umrawGESifh a&ma&maESmaESmaexdkifavh&Sdw,f? 'um 'umrawG csrf;omokctrsKd;rsKd;awGeJY qkHqnf;ae&wJhtwGuf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omrIawG jzpfay:aeMuwJhtcg rdrduvnf; twla&mum 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfaew,f/ 'um 'umrawGqif;&J'ku©trsKd;rsKd;awGeJY &ifqdkifMu&vdkY 0rf;enf;aMuuGJrIawG jzpfay:

143 (O'ge?|?210/)


aeMuwJhtcg rdrduvnf; twla&mum 0rf;enf;jyvdkufw,f/ 'um'umrawG&JU udpöBuD;i,f toG,foG,fawGrSm udk,fwdkifudk,fus yg0ifum tusKd;awmfaqmifvkyfief;&yftrsKd;rsKd;awGudk jyKvkyfay;wwfjyefw,f/}}144

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; &[ef;awmfwdkYESifhravsmfravsmufywfwJhç 0denf;awmfESifh ravsmfravsmufywfwJh aexdkifjcif;jzifh a&ma&maESmaESm aexdkifjcif; = oHo*¾?

tvm;wlyJ &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[mvnf; &[ef;awmfwdkYESifh ravsmfravsmufywfwJhç 0denf;awmfESifh ravsmfravsmufywfwJh aexdkifjcif;jzifh'um 'umrawGESihf a&ma&maESmaESm aexdkifjyefw,f? 'Dvdk &[ef;awmf&JU a&ma&maESmaESm aexdkifrIç 0denf;awmfudk r½kdao rav;pm;rIwdkYudkjrifawGUvdkufMu&wJh oDwif;okH;azmf &[ef;awmfwdkY&JU oEÅmefrSm pdwfrcsrf;omrIpwJh tukodkvfw&m;awG wdk;yGm;vmEdkifavmufatmifçoDwif;okH;azmfwdkY&JUrsufvkH;rSm MunfhvdkYraumif; jrifvdkYraumif;Edkifavmufatmif a&ma&maESmaESm aexdkifjcif; = oHo*¾ --

'Dvdk oHo*¾trsKd;rsKd;awGudk omoemawmfrSm rSDwif;aexdkifaewJh&[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m y,f&Sm;xm;&rSm jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk y,f&Sm;NyD;wJhtcg]ajymoifhajymxdkufwJh toHo*¾uxm (= a&ma&maESmaESm raexdkifjcif;ESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;awG)udk ajymqdkoifhwJh twdkif;twmyrmPudk EdIif;csdefum ajymqdkzdkY&ef bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/tJ'DtoHo*¾uxm trsKd;rsKd;udk qufNyD;awmh ajymMu&atmif ../

144 (oH?2?10/ r[med?153/)


tttttoHo*¾uxm (5) oHo*¾uxm (5) oHo*¾uxm (5) oHo*¾uxm (5) oHo*¾uxm (5) rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

1/ tkdjcif; emjcif; aojcif;pwJh oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00wdkYtay:rSmjrJjrHcdkifcHhwnfwHhaewJh oHa0*ÓPfESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;?

2/ ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;wdkY&JU tedpö 'ku© tewåobm0awGudk 0dyóemÓPfjzifh jrifatmif Munfh½IEdkifwJhtwGufaMumifh ocFg&w&m;wdkYtay:rSm ]]aMumuf&GHUzG,f w&m;awGyg}}vdkY xifjrifaewJh b,onmESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;?

3/ rdrdcEmtdrfrSm wnf&SdwJh (32)aum|motpktykHç A[d'cEmtdrfrSmwnf&SdwJh (32)aum|motpktykH -- 'D (32)aum|mo tpktykHawG&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmudk ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aewJhy#dulvonmESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;?

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yGm;rsm;aecdkuf jzpfcJhvQifvnf; rdrd½IyGm;aewJh orxur®|mef;tm½kHay:rSm owdorÜZOfÓPf,SOfum tjrJwrf; ½IyGm;aejcif;?rdrdu 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;aewJhol jzpfcJhvQifvnf;0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifh wuGaom ½kyf-emrf"r® ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötjcif;t&m 'ku©tjcif;t&m tewåtjcif;t&mawGudk owdorÜZOfÓPf,SOfum Munfh½Iqifjcifvsuf 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;aejcif; --- 'DvdkowdorÜZOfÓPf,SOfum orxur®|mef; 0dyóemur®|mef;awGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykHESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum; ..

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh toHo*¾uxm pum; (5)rsKd;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

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145 (O'ge?|?211/)


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'D0D&d,m&rÇ0w¬K (8)ckwdkY&JU twdkcsKyfuawmh ..

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146 (O'ge?|?211/ ..) 147 ('D?|?2?120/)148 ('D?3?175?o*Ðwdokwf/ rlv#D?1?89/ r[m#D?2?141/)


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149 (tH?3?147-150/) 150 ('D?|?2?120/) 151 (tH?|?1?37/ 0db*F?|?1/)


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158 (tH?|?1?37/ tH?#D?1?85/) 159 (tH?|?1?37/)


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160 (oH?3?214/)


]]1/ ta& <uif;ap?2/ taMum <uif;ap?3/ t½kd; <uif;ap?4/ tom;taoG;awG tukefcef;ajcmufcsif cef;ajcmufygap ..

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bk&m;tavmif;awmf[mvnf;yJ aAm"dyifajc jrwfaomyv’ifaAGxufrSm xdkifawmfrlum 'Dvdk t*Fgav;yg;&SdwJh 0D&d,jcH&Hawmfrlvsuf..]]ig arQmfvifhawmifhwaewJh oAÁnKwÓPfawmfjrwfodkY ra&muf&Sdao;orQumvywfvkH; 'Dxuf0,fzGJUacGxdkifaewJh £&d,mykxfudk b,fawmhrSrzsufodrf;awmhtHh}} 'Dvdk pGJjrJpGm t"d|mefaqmufwnfNyD;awmh oAÁnKwÓPfawmfjrwfodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlonftxd orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk nOfhvkH;ayguf tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlcJhygw,f/162

161 umrH wapm p ESm½k p t|d p t0odówk? o&Da& OyokówkrHoavm[dwH? ,H wH yk&doxmare yk&do0D&da,e yk&doy&uúareywåAÁH e wH tygykPdwGm 0D&d,ó oP²²meH b0dówd/

(r?2?146/uD#m*d&dokwf/)162 (okwåedygw?|?2?119/)


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163 aom oaAÁmyd a,m bdu©K *rae OyÜEéH udavoH XmeH ygykPdwkH ea'wd? Xmae OyÜEéH edoZÆH? edoZÆm, OyÜEéH o,eH ygykPdwkH e a'wd?ww¬ waw¬0 tZya'e 'a@e uPSoyÜH OyÜDaVwGm *PSaEÅm 0d,?wdcdaPe todem trdwåH *D0g, y[&aEÅm 0d, p oDoH Ou©dydwkHt'wGm 0D&d,Aave ed*¾PSmwd? waó0H tm&'¨0D&d,ó 0aoea0'dwaAÁm/ wyÜ#doH,kwåm uxm 0D&d,m&rÇuxm/ (O'ge?|?211/)


'Dvdk 0D&d,m&rÇuxm w&m;pum;rsKd;udkvnf; ajymoifhwJh tcsdeftcgumvrSm ajymoifhwJhtwdkif;twmyrmPudk EIdif;csdefum ajymMum;zdkY&ef bk&m;&Sifu cGifhjyKxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

6/ o6/ o6/ o6/ o6/ o DD DD Dvuxm = ovuxm = ovuxm = ovuxm = ovuxm = o DD DD DvusifhvusifhvusifhvusifhvusifhpppppOfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh pppppyfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

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aaaaavmuvmuvmuvmuvmu DD DD Dooooo DD DD Dvvvvv

avmuDoDvuawmh ..

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2/ £Èd,oH0&oDv£Èd,oH0&oDv£Èd,oH0&oDv£Èd,oH0&oDv£Èd,oH0&oDv = rsufpd ESm; em vQm udk,f ESvkH;qdkwJh'Gg&ajcmufyg; wHcg;BuD;ajcmufaygufwdkYrS udavom&efolawG 0ifa&mufrvmEdkifatmif ---- orxbm0emudk yGm;rsm;aecdkufjzpfcJhvQif rdrdyGm;rsm;aewJh orxur®|mef;tm½kHtay:rSmç 0dyóembm0emudkyGm;rsm;aecdkufjzpfcJhvQifvnf; 0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kH jzpfMuwJh½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;wdkY&JU tedpötjcif;t&m odkYr[kwf'ku©tjcif;t&m odkYr[kwf tewåtjcif;t&mtm½kHtay:rSm bm0empdwfudk tjrJwrf; oGwfoGif;xm;vsuf udavomajracG;tdkwdkY&JU udkufcJjcif;udk rcHpm;&atmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif; apmifhpnf;jcif;?164

3/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvtmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvtmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvtmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvtmZD0yg&dok'¨doDv = 0denf;a'oemawmfrSm toufarG;0rf;ausmif;pifMu,frIESifh qufpyfum bk&m;&Sif ynwfxm;awmfrlcJhwJh

164 (oH?2?385-386/ ukar®myrokwåef)


odu©myk'fawmfrsm;udk ½kd½kdaoao vdkufemjyKusifhvsuf rdrd&JU toufarG;0rf;ausmif;oDvudk pifMu,fatmif okwfoifjcif;?

4/ ypö,oEédódwoDvypö,oEédódwoDvypö,oEédódwoDvypö,oEédódwoDvypö,oEédódwoDv = ypönf;av;yg;udk okH;aqmifwJhtcgrSmypöa0u©PmÓPfjzifh qifjcifum okH;pGJjcif; ..

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trsKd;om;a,m*D trsKd;orD;a,m*DawGtwGufuawmh atmufxpfqkH;tm;jzifh (5)yg;oDvudk cg;0wfykqdk;uJhodkY jrJatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/ pGrf;Edkifygu (8)yg;oDvç 'DxufydkpGrf;Edkifygu(10)yg;oDvwdkYudk cg;0wfykqdk;uJhodkY jrJatmif xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufEdkifvQifum; ]twdkif;xuftvGef wHcGefESifhbk&m;}yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'guawmhygwdarmu©oH0&oDvyJ jzpfygw,f? £`Ed,oH0&oDvESifh ypö,oEédód-woDvudkawmh &[ef;awmfrsm;enf;wl usifh&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tmZD0yg&dok'¨doDvydkif;rSmawmh enf;enf;uGJjym;rI &Sdygw,f/

1/ olUtoufowfvdkY&&SdwJhypönf;2/ cdk;vdkY 0SufvdkY wdkufvdkY cdkufvdkY vmbfpm;vdkY &&SdwJhypönf;3/ umarokrdpämpm&trIawG jyKusifhvdkY &&SdwJhypönf;4/ rkom;pum;awGudk ajymqdkvdkY &&SdwJhypönf;5/ ukef;wdkufpum;awGudk ajymqdkvdkY &&SdwJhypönf;6/ Murf;wrf;wJhpum;awGudk ajymqdkvdkY &&SdwJhypönf;7/ wu,fxif&Sm;r[kwfwJh ykH0w¬KtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk ajymqdkjcif; a&;om;

jcif;pwJh Nydefzsif;wJhpum;awGudk ajymqdkvdkY &&SdwJhypönf;..

'Dvdk um,'kp½kduf 0pD'kp½kduf trsKd;rsKd;awGaMumifh &&SdwJhypönf;udkvkH;0okH;pGJrI rjyKbJ a&SmifMuOf&rnf/


Ak'bmom0if olawmfpifjzpfMuwJh Oygoum Oygodumrrsm; rjyKrusifh a&SmifMuOf&ef ukefoG,frI (5)rsKd;udkvnf; t*FkwådK&fygVdawmfyÍöuedygwf 0PdZÆmokwåefrSm165 ..

1/ ow¬0PdZÆm = vufeufudk ukefoG,fjcif;2/ owå0PdZÆm = vludk ukefoG,fjcif;3/ rHo0PdZÆm = (arG;jrLa&; jyKvkyfum) tom;ig;udkukefoG,fjcif;4/ rZÆ0PdZÆm = rl;,pfaq;0g;udk ukefoG,fjcif;5/ 0do0PdZÆm = (ydk;owfaq;wdkYvdk) tqdyfudk ukefoG,fjcif; ..

'DukefoG,fjcif; (5)rsKd;udk Ak'¨bmom0if olawmfpifwdkY rjyKrusifha&SmifMuOf&ef bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'DukefoG,frI (5)rsKd;aMumifh &&SdwJhypönf;awGudkvnf; toufarG;0rf;ausmif; pifMu,fa&;twGuf rokH;pGJzdkY&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'DoDv av;rsKd;uawmh t&d,r*f&JUa&SUtzdkYrSm jznhfusifh&rnfhavmuDoDvawGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/

aaaaavmukwå&movmukwå&movmukwå&movmukwå&movmukwå&mo DD DD Dvvvvv

t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfwdkYtcdkufrSm t&d,r*fpdwf zdkvfpdwfwdkYESifh,SOfwGJum r*¾ifw&m;udk,f (8)yg; usifhpOfw&m;awG[mvnf; txift&Sm; wnf&SdaecJhMuygw,f/ ,if;r*¾ifw&m;udk,f (8)yg;xJrSm or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0qdkwJh oDvr*¾if (3)yg;wdkYvnf; yl;wGJumyg0ifvsuf&SdaeMuygw,f/ ,if; t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfwdkYESifh ,SOfwGJaeMuwJh oDvr*¾ifawGuawmh avmukwå&moDvawGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/

,if; avmuDoDv avmukwå&moDvwdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;trsKd;rsKd;udk oDvuxm w&m;pum;vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/166 r*¾if

165 (tH?2?183/) 166 (O'ge?|?211/)


(8)yg; usifhpOfw&m;awGudk edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;usifhpOftjzpf vufcHEdkifcJhygvQif r*¾if (8)yg;wdkY&JU tpdwftydkif;rsm;tjzpf yg0ifaeMuwJh or®m0gpm or®mur®EÅ or®mtmZD0qdkwJh oDvr*¾ifawGudkvnf; edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;usifhpOftjzpf vufcHzdkYuawmh vdktyfaeygw,f/

7/ o7/ o7/ o7/ o7/ orrrrrmmmmm""""" duxm = oduxm = oduxm = oduxm = oduxm = orrrrrmmmmm""""" dusifhdusifhdusifhdusifhdusifhpppppOfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh pppppyfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

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'Dvdk orm"drsKd;udkyif &nfñTef;awmfrlNyD;awmh bk&m;&Sifu cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf orm"dokwåefrSm167 ..

167 (oH?2?12/)


1/ cE¨m (5)yg;udk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrifa&;twGuf2/ cEm (5)yg;wdkY&JU jzpfaMumif;oabmESifh jzpfjcif;oabmudk [kwfwdkif;

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[kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrifa&;twGuf ..

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ooooorrrrrmmmmm""""" d\ d\ d\ d\ d\ tttttusKd;*kusKd;*kusKd;*kusKd;*kusKd;*kPPPPP ff ff ftttttifififififtttttmedoif (5) yg;medoif (5) yg;medoif (5) yg;medoif (5) yg;medoif (5) yg;

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168 (oH?3?363/)


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2/ 0dyóemedoHo0dyóemedoHo0dyóemedoHo0dyóemedoHo0dyóemedoHo ----- 0dyóemÓPftjrifawG oefY&Sif;pifMu,fa&;twGufvnf; psmeform"dawGudk xlaxmif&ygw,f/

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5/ eda&m"medoHoeda&m"medoHoeda&m"medoHoeda&m"medoHoeda&m"medoHo ----- eda&m"ormywfudk 0ifpm;awmfrlvdkwJhtem*grf &[EÅm olawmfaumif;awG[mvnf; 'Dpsmeformywf (8)yg;wdkYudkyJ eda&m"ormywf&JU tajccHtaMumif;&if;tjzpfeJY yGm;rsm;NyD;aemuf yxrpsmefemrfw&m;pwJh psmefemrfw&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfawmfrlMu&ygw,f/170

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169 (0dok'¨d?2?2-4) 170 (0dok'¨d?1?368-369)


'ku©eda&m"*grdedy#dy'gtrnf&wJh 'ku©csKyf&medAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif;usifhpOfjzpfMuwJh r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;awGxJrSm or®morm"d trnf&wJh psmeform"dawGudkvnf; edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif; usifhpOfwpfcktjzpfeJY xnfhoGif;um a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJhtcsufyJ jzpfygw,f/

,ckvdk psmeform"dawGudk 0dyóem&JU tajccHtaMumif;&if;jzpfwJhyg'upsmeform"dtjzpf orm"dxlaxmifNyD;aemuf 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpOftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvmav&m &ifhusufvmwJh0dyóemÓPfwdkY&JUtqkH;rSm t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawG[m edAÁmefudktm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuygw,f/ xdkt&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfwdkYESifh,SOfwGJaewJh orm"duawmh avmukwå&morm"dyJ jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk avmuDorm"d avmukwå&morm"dqdkwJh orm"dawGESifhqufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;udkawmh orm"duxmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/171

8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifh8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifh8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifh8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifh8/ ynmuxm = 0dyóemynmusifhpppppOfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh OfESifh pppppyfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;yfwJh w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

psmeform"d trsKd;rsKd;awGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJh psmeor®m'd|dynmçtbdnmPfynmç 0dyóemÓPftrsKd;rsKd;awGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJh 0dyóemynm - 'DynmawGuawmh avmuDynmrsm; jzpfMuygw,f/

avmukwå&mt&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfwdkYeJY ,SOfwGJaewJh ynmawGuawmh avmukwå&mynm jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk avmuDynm avmukwå&mynmqdkwJh ynmawGESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;udkawmh ynmuxmynmuxmynmuxmynmuxmynmuxmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/172

171 (O'ge?|?211/) 172 (O'ge?|?211/)


9/ 0d9/ 0d9/ 0d9/ 0d9/ 0drrrrr kwåduxm = udkwåduxm = udkwåduxm = udkwåduxm = udkwåduxm = udaaaaavomwdkYvomwdkYvomwdkYvomwdkYvomwdkYrrrrr S vGwfS vGwfS vGwfS vGwfS vGwfaaaaajjjjjrrrrrmufmufmufmufmufrrrrr I 0dI 0dI 0dI 0dI 0drrrrr kwådESifh kwådESifh kwådESifh kwådESifh kwådESifh pppppyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhw&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

t&d,zdkvftoD;toD;udk ---- qdkif&mqdkif&m t&d,r*fÓPfwdkYuy,f&Sm;xm;NyD;wJh udavomwdkYrS uGif;vkH;uRwf vGwfajrmufoGm;wJhtwGufaMumifh (y#dyÜó'd¨)0drkwåd(y#dyÜó'd¨)0drkwåd(y#dyÜó'd¨)0drkwåd(y#dyÜó'd¨)0drkwåd(y#dyÜó'd¨)0drkwådvdkY ac:qdkygw,f? tcsKdUt&müy#dyÜó'deda&m"y#dyÜó'deda&m"y#dyÜó'deda&m"y#dyÜó'deda&m"y#dyÜó'deda&m"vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/ edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudkvnf;wPSmOD;aqmifwJh udavomtm;vkH;wdkYrS xGufajrmuf&m Nidrf;at;&mjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh (edó&P)0drkwåd(edó&P)0drkwåd(edó&P)0drkwåd(edó&P)0drkwåd(edó&P)0drkwådvdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f? edó&Pedó&Pedó&Pedó&Pedó&Peda&m"eda&m"eda&m"eda&m"eda&m"vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/

odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSm tya&q&mawmfwdkY&JU t,ltqudkvnf;O'get|uxmu azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ Oypm&psmeform"dESifh 0dyóemÓPfuJhodkYaom r[mukodkvfw&m;rsm;uvnf; udavomawGudk w'*Ftm;jzifh y,f&Sm;xm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm; &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk y,f&Sm;vdkufwJhtwGuf jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkY&JU w'*Ftm;jzifh r&SdrI tbm0oabmudk w'*F0drkwådw'*F0drkwådw'*F0drkwådw'*F0drkwådw'*F0drkwådvdkY ac:qdkygw,f? w'*Feda&m"w'*Feda&m"w'*Feda&m"w'*Feda&m"w'*Feda&m"vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/ r[*¾Kwfukodkvftrnf&wJh orxpsmefukodkvfw&m;rsm;uvnf; udavomawGudk cyfMumMum cGmxm;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm; &Sdygw,f/'Dvdk cGmxm;vdkufwJhtwGufaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh udavomwdkY&JU0du©rÇetm;jzifh r&SdrI tbm0udk 0du©rÇe0drkwåd0du©rÇe0drkwåd0du©rÇe0drkwåd0du©rÇe0drkwåd0du©rÇe0drkwådvdkY ac:qdkygw,f? 0du©rÇe0du©rÇe0du©rÇe0du©rÇe0du©rÇeeda&m"eda&m"eda&m"eda&m"eda&m"vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/ tqifhqifhaom t&d,r*fÓPf toD;toD;uvnf; qdkif&mqdkif&m udavomawGudk t<uif;tusef r&Sdukefpifatmif orkapä'y[mefjzifh tNyD;wdkif y,f&Sm;xm;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk orkapä'tm;jzifh y,f&Sm;vdkufwJhtwGuf jzpfay:vmwJhudavomwdkY&JU r&SdrI tbm0udk orkapä'0drkwådorkapä'0drkwådorkapä'0drkwådorkapä'0drkwådorkapä'0drkwådvdkY ac:qdkygw,f?orkapä'eda&m"orkapä'eda&m"orkapä'eda&m"orkapä'eda&m"orkapä'eda&m"vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/173

173 (y#doH?397/)


,if;0drkwådtrsKd;rsKd;wdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;awGudk 0drkwåduxmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/174

10/ 0d10/ 0d10/ 0d10/ 0d10/ 0drrrrr kwådÓkwådÓkwådÓkwådÓkwådÓP'P'P'P'P'óeuxm = óeuxm = óeuxm = óeuxm = óeuxm = ttttt&d,&d,&d,&d,&d,zzzzz d kvf dkvf dkvf dkvf dkvf tttttooooo DD DD D;;;;;tttttooooo DD DD D;udk;udk;udk;udk;udk&&&&&NyNyNyNyNy DD DD D;;;;;aaaaaemuf jemuf jemuf jemuf jemuf jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaay:vmwJh yy:vmwJh yy:vmwJh yy:vmwJh yy:vmwJh ypöapöapöapöapöa0u©0u©0u©0u©0u©PPPPPmÓmÓmÓmÓmÓPPPPP ff ff ftttttjjjjjrrrrrifESifh ifESifh ifESifh ifESifh ifESifh pppppyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJhyfwJh

w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

1/ aomwmywådr*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfudk &&SdNyD;wJh aomwmyeft&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSm ..

(u) aomwmywådr*fudk qifjcifjcif;?( c ) aomwmywådzdkvfudk qifjcifjcif;?( * ) edAÁmefudk qifjcifjcif;?(C) y,fNyD;udavomudk qifjcifjcif;?( i ) ry,f&ao;wJh udavomudk qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dvdk ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif (5)rsKd; xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ ou'g*grdr*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfudk &&SdNyD;wJh ou'g*grft&d,molawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif(5)rsKd;ç tem*grdr*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfudk &&SdNyD;wJh tem*grft&d,m olawmfaumif;&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif (5)rsKd; toD;toD;jzpfay:cJhMuygw,f/

t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvf &&SdawmfrlNyD;wJh &[EÅmt&Sifjrwf&JUoEÅmefrSmawmh ..

(u) t&[wår*fudk qifjcifjcif;?( c ) t&[wåzdkvfudk qifjcifjcif;?

174 (O'ge?|?211/)


( * ) edAÁmefudk qifjcifjcif;?(C) y,fNyD;udavomudk qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dvdk ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif (4)rsKd;wdkY jzpfay:cJhMuygw,f/

ypöa0u©PmÓPftm;vkH;udk aygif;vdkufawmh ypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif (19)rsKd;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dypöa0u©PmÓPftjrif trsKd;rsKd;wdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;udk 0drkwådÓP'óeuxmvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/175

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh uxm0w¬K (10)yg;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

d d d d

175 (O'ge?|?211/)

udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; ] 233 233 233 233 233

tcef; (5)

udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif;

uRwfxdkufool uRwfxdkufool uRwfxdkufool uRwfxdkufool uRwfxdkufool aaaaa00000aaaaae,swdkY&JU e,swdkY&JU e,swdkY&JU e,swdkY&JU e,swdkY&JU tqtqtqtqtqifhifhifhifhifhtttttwef;odkY vdkufumwef;odkY vdkufumwef;odkY vdkufumwef;odkY vdkufumwef;odkY vdkufumw&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;w&m;aaaaa[mMum;[mMum;[mMum;[mMum;[mMum;aaaaawmfwmfwmfwmfwmfrrrrr lykHlykHlykHlykHlykH

bk&m;&Sif[m rdrdacscRwfawmfrl&rnfh uRwfxdkufool wynfhom0u a0ae,swpfOD;udk awGU&SdawmfrlwJhtcg 'Dom0ujzpfol&JUtwGif;oabm tvdktZÑmo,"mwfcHESifh £a`E tEkHYtxuf tEkt&ifhudk Munfh½Iawmfrlum enf;trsdK;rsKd;jzifh w&m;awmfudk a[mMum;jyoqdkqkH;ray;awmfrlygw,f/ tcsKdUtcsKdUaom a0ae,sawGudkawmhtEkykAÁduxmvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh tpOftwdkif;aom w&m;pum;awmfudka[mMum;jyoawmfrlum acscRwfay;awmfrlygw,f/ trsm;tm;jzifhawmhvl0wfaMumif Oygoum Oygodumrrsm;udk vdktyfwJhtcgrSm 'D tEkykAÁduxm w&m;pum;awmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlavh&Sdygw,f/


tttttEkykEkykEkykEkykEkykAÁAÁAÁAÁAÁ duxm = duxm = duxm = duxm = duxm = tptptptptpOfOfOfOfOftttttwdkif;wdkif;wdkif;wdkif;wdkif;aaaaaom w&m;om w&m;om w&m;om w&m;om w&m;pppppum;um;um;um;um;

tEkykAÁduxmw&m;pum;qdkwmuawmh wpfckNyD;wpfck tpOftwdkif; a[mMum;oGm;awmfrlwJh w&m;pum;awmf wpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/

1/ 'geuxm = 'geESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum;

2/ oDvuxm = oDvESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum;

3/ o*¾uxm = ewf&Gmok*wdESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum;

4/ umrmeH tm'De0uxm = umr*kPfwdkY&JU tjypftrsKd;rsKd;awGudkazmfjyxm;wJh umr*kPfwdkY&JU ,kwfnHhykH umr*kPfwdkY&JU npfEGrf;ykHwdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;

5/ aeu©ar® tmedoHouxm = umr*kPfwdkYrS xGufajrmufoGm;jcif;aMumifh vGwfajrmufoGm;jcif;aMumifh &&SdEdkifwJh tusKd;tmedoiftrsKd;rsKd;udk azmfjyaewJh (u) &Sif&[ef;jyKjcif;ESifh qufpyfwJh w&m;pum;? (c) orx 0dyóemtpjzmwJh ukodkvftrsKd;rsKd;awGESifhqufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;? (*) umr*kPfwdkYrS vGwfajrmufaMumif;jzpfwJh yxrpsmefpwJh psmeform"dxlaxmifykH &&SdykH trsKd;rsKd;wdkYESifhqufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;? (C) ,if;psmeform"dawGudk 0dyóem&JU tajcyg'ujyKum a&SUodkYwpfqifh wufvsuf 0dyóembm0emyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykHESifh qufpyfwJh w&m;pum;? (i) oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00rS vGwfajrmufaMumif;jzpfwJh edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfESifhqufpyfaewJh w&m;pum; ..

'Dvdk tpOftwdkif;jzpfwJh w&m;pum;awmfawGudk uRwfxdkufoola0ae,swdkYESifh avsmfatmif oifhawmfovdk a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk a[mMum;jyoay;awmfrlNyD;wJhaemuf uRwfxdkufool a0ae,swdkY&JU pdwf"mwfawG[m .. r*fzdkvfedAÁmefudk &Edkifavmufatmif (= opömav;&yfw&m;jrwfudk xdk;xGif;odjrifEdkifavmufatmif)


tcefYoifhjzpfvmwJhtcg El;nhHaysmhaysmif;vmwJhtcg eD0&PudavomwdkYrS uif;pifaewJhtwGuf pdwf"mwfawG jzLpifaewJhtcg --- 'DvdktcgrsKd;awGrSm bk&m;&SifwdkY&JU EIwfawmfrS wdkuf½kduf xGufay:awmfrlvmwJhomrkuúHodu "r®a'oemvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh opömav;yg;ESifh pyfwJh w&m;pum;awmfawGudk tpOftwdkif; a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ 'Dvdk a[mMum;awmfrlvdkufwJh a'oemawmfjrwf&JUtqkH;rSmuRwfxdkufwJh a0ae,sowå0gawG[mvnf; t&d,opömav;&yfw&m;jrwfwdkYudk 0dyóemor®m'd|dÓPf t&d,r*¾or®m'd|dÓPfwdkYjzifhxdk;xGif;odjrifoGm;awmfrlcJhMuygw,f/176

ooooo DD DD Dv+ov+ov+ov+ov+orrrrrmmmmm""""" d+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxm

aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh oH,kwfygVdawmf owdy|meoH,kwf bdu©KokwåefrSm177 vm&SdwJh &[ef;awmfvdk uRwfxdkufool a0ae,s wpfOD;udk&&SdawmfrlwJhtcg xdk&[ef;awmf&JU oEÅmefrSm jzLpifjrifhjrwfwJh oDvusifhpOfawGu csKdUwJhaewmudk odjrifawmfrlwJhtwGuf ---- ]]cspfom;&[ef; ... oifcspfom;[m a&SUOD;pGm aumif;rGefpifMu,fwJh oDv&Sdoljzpfatmif BudK;pm;yg? uH-uH&JUtusKd;ukd wwfodem;vnfaewJh ur®ó-uwmor®m'd|dÓPftjrifawGeJYvnf; jynfhpkHatmif BudK;pm;yg? 'DvdkpifMu,faewJh oDvwnf;[laom ajray:rSm &yfwnfNyD;awmh um,a0'em pdwå "r®vdkY ac:qdkwJh owdy|mefw&m;av;yg;wdkYudk (u) tZÑwårSma&m (c) A[d'¨rSma&m (*) tZÑwå-A[d'¨rSma&m -- 'Dvdk okH;rsKd;aomtjcif;t&mwdkYjzifh qufvufum yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfyg}} ponfjzifhbk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ oDvrjynfhpkHao;wJhom0uwpfOD;udk oDvusifhpOfupNyD;awmh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOfynmusifhpOfwdkYudk tpOftwdkif;usifh&ef ñTefMum;ay;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/176 ('D?1?102/) 177 (oH?3?124-125/)


ooooorrrrrmmmmm""""" d+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxmd+ynmuxm

aemufwpfrsKd; ajymMu&atmif .. cE0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf orm"dokwåefESifh opöoH,kwfygVdawmf orm"dokwåefawGrSm178 vm&SdMuwJhw&m;emy&dowf jzpfawmfrlMuwJh &[ef;awmfawGrSm oDvusifhpOfawGuawmh jzLpifaeMuNyD; jzpfMuw,f/ odkYaomf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfwdkYu vdktyfvsufyif &SdaeMuygao;w,f/ 'Dvdkom0ursm;udkorm"dudk xlaxmif&ef bk&m;&Sifu wdkufwGef;awmfrlNyD;aemuf opömav;&yf w&m;jrwfudk xdk;xGif; odjrifatmif ynmusifhpOfawGudkqufvufusifhzdkY&ef ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

ynmuxmynmuxmynmuxmynmuxmynmuxm

"r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåefESifh tewåvu©PokwåefwdkYudk179 em,lawmfrlaeMuwJh yÍö0*¾D&[ef;awmfwdkYuJhodkY tcsKdUtcsKdUaom uRwfxdkufoolwynhfa0ae,som0uawG&JU oEÅmefrSm oDvydkif;awGuvnf; jzLpifNyD;jzpfaeMuw,f? orm"dusifhpOfawGudkvnf; atmifatmifjrifjrif usifhxm;NyD; jzpfaeMuw,f/ xdkuJhodkYaom wynfhom0ursKd;awGudk oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOfwdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh w&m;pum;awmfawGudka[mMum;awmfrrlawmhbJ "r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåef tewåvu©PokwåefwdkYuJhodkYaom opömav;yg;eJY qufpyfaewJh ynmusifhpOfydkif;qdkif&mw&m;pum;awmfawGudkom bk&m;&Sifu a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlygw,f/

178 (oH?2?12/ oH?3?363/) 179 (oH?3?368-371/ oH?2?55-56/)


tZtZtZtZtZÑmo,Ñmo,Ñmo,Ñmo,Ñmo,"""""mwfESifh mwfESifh mwfESifh mwfESifh mwfESifh aaaaavsmfnvsmfnvsmfnvsmfnvsmfn DD DD DwJh ñTefMum;wJh ñTefMum;wJh ñTefMum;wJh ñTefMum;wJh ñTefMum;cccccsufsufsufsufsufrrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

bk&m;&Sifonf O'gef;ygVdawmf arCd,okwåefrSm180 ..

1/ &m*p½kdufxlajymaewJh yk*¾dKvfudk &m*udk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuftokbbm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;&ef

2/ a'gop½kdufxlajymaewJh yk*¾dKvfudk Asmyg'a'goudk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf arwåmbm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;&ef

3/ tukov0dwufawG xlajymaewJh yk*¾dKvfudk tukov0dwufawGudk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf tmemygeówdur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&ef

4/ ig igvdkY axmifvTm;wuf<uaewJh rmefrmew&m;udk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf tedpömEkyóembm0emudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&ef ..

'Dvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

tedpöonm xif&Sm;wnf&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm tewåonm[m aumif;pGmwnfvmEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; qufvufum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'Dtewåonm[m ]]ig}}]]ig}}]]ig}}]]ig}}]]ig}}qdkwJh axmifvTm;aewJhtpGJudk NzdKcGJEdkifa&;twGuf tajccHtusqkH; taMumif;&if;wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu tewåonm xif&Sm;wnf&SdaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm ]]ig ig}}vdkY axmifvTm;wuf<uaewJh rmepGJudk y,fEkwfEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;ç rsufarSmufb0rSmyJ edAÁmefodkY a&muf&SdEdkifaMumif;udkqufvufum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

&m* a'go rmefrmepwJh udavomawmcsKHykwfawGudk b,fykHb,fyef; b,fenf;vrf;tm;jzifh ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;&rnfqdkwJh awm&Sif;ykHawm&Sif;ykHawm&Sif;ykHawm&Sif;ykHawm&Sif;ykHenf;pepfaumif;awGudk bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/180 (O'ge?120/)


&m*udk wdkuf&m*udk wdkuf&m*udk wdkuf&m*udk wdkuf&m*udk wdkufzzzzzsufsufsufsufsufaaaaa&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;vrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;

bk&m;&Sif[m okwåedygwfygVdawmf 0dZ,okwåefrSm181 .. (1) o0dnmPutokb = &Siftokbç (2) t0dnmPutokb = aotokb -vdkY182 tokbbm0em ½IyGm;ykH enf;pepf ESpfrsKd;udk a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

ouf&Sdowå0gwdkY&JU oEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh (32)aum|motpktykHwdkY&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhvQif o0dnmPutokb (= &Siftokb)bm0emudkyGm;rsm;w,fvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ *d&drmeE´okwåefrSmawmh183 'D½IuGufudktokbonmvdkY trnfwpfrsKd;eJ Y a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f?trnfuGJaomfvnf; t"dyÜm,frSm wlnDvsufyif&Sdygw,f/

aoaewJh tavmif;aumifrSm wnf&SdwJh (32)aum|motpktykHwdkY&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk odkYr[kwf tavmif;aumifwpfckvkH;&JU&GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emur®|mef;udkpD;jzef;cJhvQif t0dnmPutokb (= aotokb)bm0emudk yGm;rsm;w,fvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

o0dnmPutokb (= &Siftokb)bm0emudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfwJhtydkif;rSmvnf; (u) orxydkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykH enf;pepfç (c)0dyóemydkif;yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykH enf;pepfvdkY tokbbm0em yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykH enf;pepf ESpfrsKd; &Sdaeygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ t0dnmPutokb (= aotokb)bm0emudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfwJhtydkif;rSmvnf;(u) orxydkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykHenf;pepfç (c) 0dyóemydkif; yGm;rsm;

181 (okwåedygwf?307-308/) 182 (okwåedygwf?|?1?233-244/)183 (tH?3?343/)


tm;xkwfykHenf;pepfvdkY tokbbm0em yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykH enf;pepfESpfrsKd;yif &Sdaeygw,f/

orxydkif;qdkif&m o0dnmPutokb (= &Siftokb) bm0emyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfykHtaMumif;udk ajymMu&atmif ../

ooooorrrrrxydkif;xydkif;xydkif;xydkif;xydkif;qqqqq dkif&m o0dnmdkif&m o0dnmdkif&m o0dnmdkif&m o0dnmdkif&m o0dnmPPPPPuuuuutttttokb (= &Sifokb (= &Sifokb (= &Sifokb (= &Sifokb (= &Siftttttokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGuf

oar®m[0daem'eDt|uxmrSmawmh184 'Dvdk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/toufxif&Sm;&SdaewJh rdrd&JU udk,fwGif; tZÑwåoEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh(32)aum|motpktykHawGxJu t½kd;pkuJhodkYaom aum|mowpfckudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motm;vkH;udkjzpfap tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifhESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;cJhvQif yxrpsmeform"dodkYvnf; qdkufa&mufEdkifw,f?odkYr[kwf yxrpsmeform"d&JU teD;tyg;rSm jzpfaewJh Oypm&orm"dodkYvnf; qdkufa&mufEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ odkYaomf A[d'¨ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU (32)aum|motpktykHawGxJu t½kd;pkuJhodkYaomaum|mowpfckudkjzpfap odk Yr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfapodkYr[kwf aum|motm;vkH;udkjzpfap tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,fy#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;cJhvQifawmh yxrpsmeform"dodkYvnf; rqdkufa&mufEdkifaMumif;ç yxrpsmeform"d&JU teD;tyg;rSmjzpfaewJh Oypm&orm"dodkYvnf; rqdkufa&mufEdkifaMumif;udk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/ taMumif;jycsufuawmh A[d'¨aum|moawGtay:rSm&GH&SmpufqkyfzG,ftjcif;t&mu Oypm&orm"dodkY qdkufEdkifavmufatmifyxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufEdkifavmufatmif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; rxifvmrjrifvmEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygw,f/

184 (tbd?|?2?248/)


bmaMumifh rxifvm rjrifvmEdkifovJ¿ a,m*DawG ... Muuf½kd;0uf½kd;awG udkufzl;Muovm;¿ Muufom; 0ufom;awG pm;zl;Muovm;¿ig;trJawGudkaum pm;aeMuovm;¿ pm;zl;Muw,fç pm;aeMuygw,fqdkvQif &GH&SmvdkYvm;¿ odkYr[kwf r&GH&SmvdkYvm;¿ 'Dar;cGef;awGudk rdrdudk,fudkrdrd ar;MunfhvdkufvQifawmh oabmaygufEdkifygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm t|uxmu a0zefqef;ppfjyxm;wm wpfckawmh &Sdaeygw,f/ A[d' aoaewJh tavmif;aumifwpfOD;&JU oEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh (32)aum|motpktykHawGxJu t½kd;pkuJhodkYaom aum|mowpfckudkjzpfap odk Yr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfap odk Yr[kwfaum|motm;vkH;udkjzpfap wpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh tavmif;aumifwpfckvkH;udkjzpfap tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifhESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;cJhvQif yxrpsmeform"dodkYvnf; qdkufa&mufEdkifw,f?yxrpsmeform"d&JU teD;tyg;rSm jzpfaewJh Oypm&orm"dodkYvnf;qdkufa&mufEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk qdkufa&mufEdkifygvsuf A[d' ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU (32)aum|motpktykHawGudk tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,fy#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;cJhvQif tb,faMumif;aMumifhOypm&orm"d tyÜemorm"dodkY rqdkufa&mufygovJqdkNyD;awmh 'Dvdkqef;ppfjyxm;ygw,f/

taMumif;jycsufuawmh A[d' ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU (32)aum|moawGu Oyg'dEéuyu© (= ouf&SdtzdkYtpk)rSm wnfaeaomaMumifh jzpfygw,f/ A[d'tavmif;aumifawG&JU (32)aum|motpktykHawGuawmhtEkyg'dEéuyu© (= oufrJhtzdkYtpk)rSm wnfaeaomaMumifh jzpfw,fvdkY'Dvdk t|uxmu &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygw,f/


'DtaMumif;jycsufudk enf;rSDum rlv#Dumq&mawmfu rdrd&JUrlv#DumrSm185 jzwfxkH;wpfckudk wifjyxm;ygw,f/ A[d' ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU oEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh (32)aum|motpktykHawGudkvnf;aoaewJh tavmif;aumifwpfckrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh (32) aum|motpktykHawGuJhodkY oabmxm;um &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;wwfcJhvQifvnf; Oypm&orm"dodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifaMumif;udk wifjyxm;ygw,f/

'Dawmh a,m*DawGbufu 'D½IuGufudk vufawGU ½Icsifw,fqdkvQifrdrdwdkY &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfwJh orm"dwpfckckudkawmh jyefvnfum xlaxmifyg/Oyrm - Mo'gwuodkPf; pwkw¬psmeform"dodkYwdkifatmif orm"dudkxlaxmifxm;NyD;wJh a,m*DjzpfcJhvQif ,if;pwkw¬psmeform"dudk wpfzefjyefNyD; xlaxmifyg/ ,if;pwkw¬psmeform"dESifh ,SOfaewJh ÓPfaMumifhjzpfay:vmwJh ÓPfta&miftvif;&JU tultnDudk,lum rdrd&JU tZÑwåoEÅmefrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh (32)aum|motpktykHawGudk odrf;qnf;yg/,if; (32)aum|motpktykHawGxJu aum|mowpfckckudkjzpfapodkYr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motm;vkH;udkjzpfap tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ½IyGm;yg?yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ A[d'¨ ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU (32)aum|motpktykHawGxJu aum|mowpfckckudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motm;vkH;udkjzpfap tm½kH,lum ---- oufrJhtavmif;aumifrSm wnf&SdaewJhaum|mouJhodkY oabmxm;um --- &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ½IyGm;cJhvQifvnf; Oypm&orm"dodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifygw,f/

'Dvdk ½IyGm;ykHpepfuawmh orxydkif;qdkif&m o0dnmPutokb(= &Siftokb) ½Ienf; jzpfygw,f? *d&drmeEokwåefESifh tnDyJ jzpfygw,f/185 (rlv#D?2?155/)


aemufwpfck .. orxydkif;qdkif&m t0dnmPutokb (= aotokb) bm0em ½IuGufudk ajymMu&atmif ../

ooooorrrrrxydkif;xydkif;xydkif;xydkif;xydkif;qqqqq dkif&m dkif&m dkif&m dkif&m dkif&m ttttt0dnm0dnm0dnm0dnm0dnmPPPPPuuuuutttttokb (= okb (= okb (= okb (= okb (= aaaaaoooootttttokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGufokb) ½IuGuf

aoaewJh tavmif;aumifwpfckudk tm½kH,lum yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufatmif orm"dudk xlaxmifcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh vdifwltavmif;aumifwpfckudk a&G;cs,fzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdifwl tavmif;aumifwpfckvkH;udkjzpfap odkYr[kwf vdifwl tavmif;aumifrSm wnf&SdwJhaum|mowpfckckudkjzpfap odkYr[kwf aum|motrsm;pkudkjzpfap tm½kH,lum &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f y#dulvoabmtm;jzifh ESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;cJhvQifyxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifygw,f/

ckajymcJhwmawGuawmh orxydkif;qdkif&m o0dnmPutokb(= &Siftokb)ESifh t0dnmPutokb (= aotokb) bm0em ½IuGufawG jzpfMuygw,f/

0dyóemydkif;qdkif&m tokbbm0em ½IuGufudk qufvuf ajymMu&atmif ../

0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;qqqqq d kif&m dkif&m dkif&m dkif&m dkif&m tttttokbbm0em ½IuGufokbbm0em ½IuGufokbbm0em ½IuGufokbbm0em ½IuGufokbbm0em ½IuGuf

bk&m;&Sif[m r[mowdy|meokwåef a'oemawmfjrwfrSm186

okomefocFsKdif;ESifhqufpyfaewJh tokbbm0em (9)rsKd;udk xnfhoGif;uma[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ ,if;tokbbm0em ½IuGufawGrSm

186 yke py&H bdu©a0 bdu©K ao,sxmyd yaó,s o&D&H od0xdum,q×dwH {um[rwH 0g 'GD[rwH 0g wD[rwH 0g O'¨KrmwuH 0deDvuH0dykAÁuZmwH/ aom £rar0 um,H OyoH[&wd ]t,rÜd acg uma,m{0H"ar®m {0Hbm0D {0HtewDawm}wd/ ('D?2?235/)


yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif tokbbm0emudk yGm;rsm;NyD;rS0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk qufvufum BudK;pm;tm;xkwf&efñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJh a'oemawmfrsm; jzpfaMumif;udk a&S;t|uxmrsm;u zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlcJhMuygw,f/ odkYaomf &[EÅmwpfql jzpfawmfrlwJhr[moD0r[moD0r[moD0r[moD0r[moD0rax&fjrwfBuD;uawmh r[mowdy|meokwåefrSm vm&SdwJhtokbbm0em½IuGuf (9)rsKd;wdkY[m tm'De0gEkyóem (= rdrd olwpfyg;ESpfOD;om;wdkY&JU tjypftm'De0awGudk tzefzef txyfxyf ½IyGm;okH;oyfzdkY&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJh) a'oemawmfawGom jzpfaMumif;udkrdefYMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/187

tm'De0gEkyóem qdkwmuawmh 'ku©mEkyóem&JU tjcHt&HtEkyóemwpfrsKd;om jzpfygw,f/ 0dok'dr*frSm azmfjyxm;wJh awm (40)½IuGufawGxJu 'ku©vu©Pm½IuGuf (25)csufxJrSm 'Dtm'De0gEkyóem[m wpfcktygt0if jzpfygw,f/188

'Dae&mrSm r[moD0rax&fjrwf qdkvdkwmuawmh 'Dvdkyg ../

aoaewJh A[d'¨ tokbtavmif;aumifwpfckudk tm½kH,lumyxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif yGm;rsm;vdkwJh a,m*D olawmfaumif;[m A[d' vdifwl tavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f oabmudkom tm½kH,lum yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufonftxd pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf½Iae&wJh vkyfief;cGif wpfckom jzpfw,f? rdrd&JU tZÑwåtavmif;aumifudk tm½kH,lum yxrpsmeform"dodkY qdkufatmif ykHpHwl tokbbm0emudk ½IzdkY rvdkyg? tZÑwåtavmif;aumifudk tm½kH,lum ½IaecJhvQifvnf;yxrpsmeform"dodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifyg/ odkYaomf 'Dr[mowdy|me

187 'DCbmPur[moD0aw¬a&m ye ]]e0od0xdum tm'De0gEkyóem-0aoe 0kwåm}}wd tm[/ ('D?|?2?394/)

188 (0dok'¨d?2?247/)


okwåefrSm bk&m;&Sifu A[d'tavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudk yGm;rsm;NyD;aemuf -- aom £rar0aom £rar0aom £rar0aom £rar0aom £rar0um,H OyoH[&wdum,H OyoH[&wdum,H OyoH[&wdum,H OyoH[&wdum,H OyoH[&wd ..ponfjzifh rdrd&JU tZÑwåcE¨mudk,fudkvnf;aoaewJh tavmif;aumifenf;wl aoaewJhykHukd ÓPfeJY jrifatmifuyfaqmifMunfhum tokbbm0emudk ½IyGm;okH;oyfzdkY&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh r[mowdy|meokwåefrSm vm&SdwJh tokbbm0em½IuGuf[m tm'De0gEkyóemtaejzifh bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJh ½IuGufom jzpfygw,f/

'D½IuGufudk ½IwJhtcgrSmvnf; A[d'¨ aoaewJh tavmif;aumifykHpHenf;wl rdrd&JU aoaewJh tavmif;aumifykHukdvnf; ÓPfeJY jrifatmifuyfaqmifMunfhum tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'¨wpfvSnfh vSnfhvnfumtokbtjcif;t&m &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,ftjcif;t&mudk jrifatmif ½I&rnfhvkyfief;cGifjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;wdkY&JU aoausysufpD;aewJh tavmif;aumifudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0em½IuGufudk½IEdkifwJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m rdrd&m*jzpfaewJh A[d' ouf&Sdowå0gwpfOD;udkvnf; ÓPfeJY uyfaqmifum ykHpHwl ½Ivdkufygu xkdouf&Sdowå0g&JU aoaewJh tavmif;aumifudkvnf; ÓPfjzifh awGUjrifEdkifygw,f/ 'DvdkawGUjrifwJhtcgrSmvnf; tZÑwå A[d' wpfvSnfhpD vSnfhumtokbbm0emudk qufvufum yGm;rsm;Edkifygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ rdrd&m*jzpfaewJh tjcm;tjcm;aom ouf&Sdowå0gawGudkvnf; wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf ajymif;a&TUum ykHpHwlyJ ½IEdkifygw,f/ 'Dvdk½IaewJh ½IuGufrsKd;udk tm'De0gEkyóemvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk tm'De0gEkyóemudk½IEdkifwJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m rdrd&m*jzpfaewJh ESpfoufjrwfEdk;aewJhouf&Sdowå0gwdkif;ukd ½Ivdkufwdkif; ½Ivdkufwdkif; aoausysufpD;aewJh&GH&SmpufqkyfzG,faumif;vSwJh tokbtavmif;aumifawGtjzpfeJYomtjrJwrf; jrifawGUaecJhrnfqdkvQif &m*udavom awmcsKHykwfBuD;udk


awmfawmfav; atmifatmifjrifjrif &Sif;vif;vdkY &&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/odkYaomf tEko,"mwfvdkY ac:qdktyfwJh 'D awmcsKHykwf&JU tjrpfawGuawmh qufvufum wnf&Sdaeygao;w,f/ 'DtjrpfawGudkyg ukefpifoGm;atmif qufvufum &Sif;vif;Mu&rSm jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk tm'De0gEkyóemtaeeJY rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;wdkY&JUcE¨mtdrfrSm --- wpfaeYrSm usdef;ao{uef jzpfvmawmhrnfh aoaewJhtavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokbtjcif;t&mqdkwJh tjypftm'De0awGudk ÓPfeJY uyfaqmifum ½IaewJhtydkif;rSm vdifwltavmif;aumif vdifrwl tavmif;aumifvdkY cGJjcm;owfrSwfNyD;awmh½IzdkYrvdkyg/ vdifwlonfjzpfap vdifrwlonfjzpfap ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JUtavmif;aumifç wu,faoaewJh oufrJhowå0gawG&JU tavmif;aumif tm;vkH;udkyif tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudk ½IyGm;Edkifygw,f/bk&m;&Sifonf okwåedygwfygVdawmf 0dZ,okwåefrSm189 od&drm&JUaoaewJh tavmif;aumifudk tm½kH,lum &[ef;a,mufsm;y&dowf&[ef;rdef;ry&dowf trsKd;om;Oygoumy&dowf trsKd;orD;Oygodumy&dowfqdkwJh y&dowf (4)rsKd;wdkYtm; tm'De0gEkyóemtaejzifhtokbbm0em ½IuGufudk ½IyGm;&ef -- 'Dvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

,xm £'H wxm {wH? ,xm {wH wxm £'H/,xm £'H wxm {wH? ,xm {wH wxm £'H/,xm £'H wxm {wH? ,xm {wH wxm £'H/,xm £'H wxm {wH? ,xm {wH wxm £'H/,xm £'H wxm {wH? ,xm {wH wxm £'H/tZÑwåÍö A[d'¨g p? uma, qEH 0d&mZa,/tZÑwåÍö A[d'¨g p? uma, qEH 0d&mZa,/tZÑwåÍö A[d'¨g p? uma, qEH 0d&mZa,/tZÑwåÍö A[d'¨g p? uma, qEH 0d&mZa,/tZÑwåÍö A[d'¨g p? uma, qEH 0d&mZa,/189

aoaewJh od&drmqdkwJh tavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,ftokbtjcif;t&mudk ÓPfeJY jrifatmif ½Iyg/ tvm;wlyJ rdrd aoaewJhtavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokbtjcif;t&mudkvnf;ÓPfeJY uyfaqmifum jrifatmif ½Iyg/ tvm;wlyJ rdrd&JU tZÑwåtavmif;aumifenf;wl tjcm; A[d'¨ ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU aoaewJh

189 (okwåedygwf?308/)


tavmif;aumifudk ÓPfeJY uyfaqmifum jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh&GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokbtjcif;t&mudk qufvufum jrifatmif½Iyg?tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'wpfvSnfh vSnfhvnfum Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum ½Iyg/ 'Dvdk ½IwJhtcgrSm vdifwlonfjzpfap vdifrwlonfjzpfapA[d' ouf&Sdowå0gawG&JU aoaewJh tavmif;aumifudk wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf ajymif;a&TUum tokbbm0emudk ykHpHwl ½Iyg/ 'Dvdk½IEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQifawmh tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmefESpfrsKd;vkH;rSm vdkvm;wyfrufaewJhqE´&m*w&m;awG[m uif;&Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf -- 'Dvdk bk&m;&SifuñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/189

odkYaomf 'Dvdk tm'De0gEkyóemtaejzifh ½IEdkif½kHrQjzifhawmh vdkvm;wyfrufaejcif; qE´&m*qdkwJh udavomawmcsKHykwfBuD; uif;&Sif;oGm;ayr,fhvdkY awmcsKHykwfBuD;&JU tEko,"mwftaeeJY udef;0yfaewJh tjrpfawGuawmh usef&Sdaeygao;w,f/ 'DtEko,"mwfawGudk av;qifhaom t&d,r*fÓPfqdkwJh arG;n§yfawGjzifh y,fEkwfEdkifrSomvQif 'DudavomawmcsKHykwfBuD;[m tjrpfygrusef ukefpifoGm;rSm jzpfw,f/'DvdktEko,"mwftjrpfawGudk y,fEkwfEdkifa&; t&d,r*fodkY qdkufa&mufEdkifa&;twGuf qufvufum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudk tqifhqifh BudK;yrf;Mu&rSmjzpfw,f/

b,fvdk BudK;yrf;MurvJ¿ ---

cccccRif;Rif;Rif;Rif;Rif;cccccsufsufsufsufsufaaaaawmh wmh wmh wmh wmh rrrrrxm;ygeJYxm;ygeJYxm;ygeJYxm;ygeJYxm;ygeJY

&m*udavomawmcsKHykwfBuD;udk tjrpfjywf ajz&Sif;ypfcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh cRif;csufrxm;zdkYawmh vdktyfygw,f/ ckajymcJhwJh tZÑwåA[d'¨ ouf&SdoEÅmef ESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm aoaewJh tavmif;aumiftjzpfÓPfjzifh jrifatmif uyfaqmifMunfh½Ium tokbbm0emyGm;rsm;jcif;


qdkwJh ½IuGufuawmh twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefqdkwJh umv (3)yg;çtZÑwå A[d'qdkwJh oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpö 'ku© tewåvu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½IEdkifwJh a,m*Dolawmfpifrsm; ½I&rnfh ½IIuGufjzpfygw,f/

wpfcsdefu 0dyóemydkif;odkY a&muf&SdaewJh a,m*DwpfOD;udk 'Dtokbbm0em½IuGufudk oifay;cJhzl;ygw,f/ xdka,m*Du tZÑwå A[d'oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm &if;ESD;wJhrdwfaqG awmfawmfcyfrsm;rsm;udk aoaewJhtavmif;aumiftjzpfodkY a&muf&Sdaewmudk ÓPfjzifh uyfaqmifMunfhum 'Dtavmif;aumifawG&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokboabmudkwGifwGifBuD; ½IEdkifwJh a,m*DwpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf xdka,m*DuolU&JUtrsKd;om;udkawmh cRif;csufxm;xm;ygw,f/ olUtrsKd;om;[maoaewJh tavmif;aumif jzpfaewmudk rMunhf&ufEdkifwmuvnf;taMumif;wpfckç olUrSm uav;i,fESpfa,muf &Sdaeavawmh olUtrsKd;om;om aooGm;cJhvQif 'Duav;ESpfa,mufeJY b0c&D;udk b,fvdkqufvufum csDwuf&rvJvdkY awG;ylaewmuvnf; taMumif;wpfck -'Dvdk taMumif;ESpfckaMumifh olUtrsKd;om; aoaewJh tavmif;aumifudkÓPfjzifh uyfaqmifMunfhum tokbbm0em ½IzdkY&ef r½I&uf r½I&JjzpfaecJhygw,f/ odkYaomf wpfaeYrSmawmh olUtrsKd;om;eJY tBuD;tus,f&efjzpfcJhMuw,f? &efjzpfNyD;wJhaemuf w&m;xdkifwJhtcgusawmhrS jzpfcsif&mjzpfygapawmhvdkY oabmydkufum olUtrsKd;om; aoaewJh tavmif;aumifudk ÓPfjzifh uyfaqmifMunfhum 'Dtavmif;aumif&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudk pD;jzef;cJhygw,f/tJ'DtcgusawmhrSyJ olUtrsKd;om;udk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudkatmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;vdkY &&SdcJhygw,f/


'Dvdk tZÑwå A[d' oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm tokbbm0emudk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum ½IyGm;EdkifwJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m umv(3)yg;ç oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpö 'ku© tewå vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem½Ixm;NyD; jzpfwJhtwGuf..rdrd ½IaewJh tZÑwå A[d' tavmif;aumifawG[mvnf; rMumrDtcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyJ ½kyfuvmyftrIefawG jzpfoGm;wmudk ÓPfjzifh awGUjrifaewwfygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm 'Dtavmif;aumifawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJhOwkZ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ÓPfjzifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzmvsuf ½kyfuvmyfwpfckwpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh yx0D tmayg awaZm 0ga,m tqif;teHY t&om MoZmqdkwJh (8)rsKd; (8)rsKd;aom ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudktm½k H,lum vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum qufvufNyD;awmh 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;yg/ 'Dvdk 0dyóem½IwJhtydkif;a&mufvQifvnf;tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'¨wpfvSnfh twdwfwpfvSnfh tem*wfwpfvSnfhvSnfhvnfum ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lNyD;awmh vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpD wifum Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum 0dyóem ½Iaeyg/

okH;okH;okH;okH;okH;qqqqq,fhES,fhES,fhES,fhES,fhESppppp ff ff faaaaaum|mowdkY&JU um|mowdkY&JU um|mowdkY&JU um|mowdkY&JU um|mowdkY&JU tttttokbokbokbokbokbtttttjjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;ttttt&m&m&m&m&m

bk&m;&Sif[m t*FkwådK&f 'ouedygwf *d&drmeE´okwåef0,f190 (32)aum|mowdkY&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbonmudk yGm;rsm;&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ ,if;ñTefMum;csuft&0dyóembm0emudk t0g;0pGm avhvmaewJh olawmfaumif;[m wpfcgwpf&H (32)aum|mowdkY&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum]]tokb tokb}}vdkY tZÑwå A[d'¨qdkwJh oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSm Budrfzef

190 (tH?3?343/)


rsm;pGm xyfumxyfum ½IyGm;yg/ 'Dvkd ½IyGm;vdkufwJhtcgrSmvnf; 0dyóembm0emudk t0g;0pGm avhvmxm;NyD;jzpfaewJhtwGuf rMumrD tcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyJ (32)aum|motpktykHawGudk ½kyfuvmyfwdkY&JU tpktykHtjzpfeJY awGUjrifaewwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½kyfuvmyfawGudkom awGUjrifaeNyDqdkvQifawmh 'Gg& (6)yg;ESifh ,if;(32)aum|mo odkYr[kwf (42)aum|mowdkYrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkYwpfvSnfhpD wifNyD;awmh 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk qufvufumpD;jzef;yg/ tZÑwå A[d' oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;wdkYrSm Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum 0dyóem ½Iaeyg/ 'Dvdk 0dyóem½IwJhtydkif;a&mufvQifvnf;tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'¨wpfvSnfh twdwfwpfvSnfh tem*wfwpfvSnfhvSnfhvnfum ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lNyD;awmh vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpD wifum Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum 0dyóem ½Iaeyg/

ydk;ydk;ydk;ydk;ydk;aaaaavmufvmufvmufvmufvmufaaaaawGeJY jynfhwGeJY jynfhwGeJY jynfhwGeJY jynfhwGeJY jynfhaaaaaewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh cccccEEEEE ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨mmmmmttttt dd dd drrrrr ff ff f

cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf azPyd@Lyrokwåeft|uxmrSm191

ydk;avmuftrsKd;rsKd;awGeJY jynfhESufaewJh rdrd olwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;wdkY&JUcE¨mtdrf&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,foabmudk tm½kH,lum tokbbm0emudk½IyGm;&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'DcE¨mtdrfBuD;[m ydk;avmuftrsKd;rsKd;awGeJY jynfhESufaewJh cEmtdrfBuD;om jzpfygw,f/ 'Dydk;avmufawG[m 'DcEmtdrfBuD;xJrSmyJ usifBuD;pGefYMuw,f? usifi,fpGefYMuw,f?tdrfaxmifjyKMuw,f? om;arG;Muw,f? zsm;vQifemvQif aq;ukMuw,f?aovQifvnf; 'DcEmtdrfBuD;xJrSmyJ tokbcsMuw,f? tavmif;aumifawGudk pGefYypfMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DcE¨mtdrfBuD;[m 'Dydk;avmufawG&JU

191 (oH?|?2?294/)


usifBuD;pGefY&m usifi,fpGefY&mtdrfvnf; [kwfw,f? tdrfaxmifjyK&mom;arG;&mtdrfvnf; [kwfw,f? aq;ukzdkY&m vlem½kHvnf; [kwfw,f?tokbcszdkY&m okomefocFsKdif;vnf; [kwfw,f/

a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[m tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSmyJ 'Dvdkydk;avmuftrsKd;rsKd;awGeJY jynfhESufaewJh 'Dvdk &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tjcif;t&mudk ÓPfjzifh jrifatmifMunhfNyD;awmh ]]tokb tokb}}vdYk Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum ½Iaeyg? tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'wpfvSnfh xyfumxyfum ½Iyg/ 'Dvdk ½IaewJhtcgrSmvnf; .. 0dyóembm0emudkt0g;0pGm avhvmxm;NyD;jzpfwJhtwGuf rMumrDtcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyJydk;avmufawGeJY jynfhESufaewJh cE¨mtdrfudk rawGUawmhbJ ½kyfuvmyfawG&JU tpktykHawGudkom ÓPfeJY awGUjrifaeygvdrfhrnf/ tJ'DtcgrSm½kyfuvmyfawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lNyD;awmh ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkYwpfvSnfhpD wifum 0dyóembm0emudk qufvufum ½IyGm;yg/ 'Dvdk0dyóem½IwJhtydkif;a&mufvQifvnf; tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'¨wpfvSnfhtwdwfwpfvSnfh tem*wfwpfvSnfh vSnfhvnfum ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lNyD;awmh vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpD wifum Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum 0dyóem½Iaeyg/

½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&½kyfy&rrrrrwfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU tttttokbokbokbokbokbtttttjjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;ttttt&m&m&m&m&m

oH,kwfygVdawmf azPyd@Lyrokwåeft|uxmESifh tmoD0daomyrokwåeft|uxmwdkYrSm192 ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awG&JU tokbbm0em½IuGufudkvnf; zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

192 'k*¾E¨H tokp ð Asm" ð Z&H r&PyÍörH/ (oH?|?2?294/ oH?|?3?59/ )


½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGrSmvnf; ..

1/ 'k*¾E'k*¾E'k*¾E'k*¾E'k*¾E = raumif;wJh ykyfodk;wJh teHY &Sd jcif;ç2/ tokpdtokpdtokpdtokpdtokpd = rpifrMu,f &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f ta&miftqif; &Sd jcif;ç3/ Asm"dAsm"dAsm"dAsm"dAsm"d = zsm;emwJhoabm &Sdjcif;ç4/ Z&mZ&mZ&mZ&mZ&m = tkdrI &Sdjcif; = &ifhusufrIXDumv &Sd jcif;ç5/ r&Pr&Pr&Pr&Pr&P = aoausysufpD;rI &Sd jcif; = ysufrIbifumv &Sdjcif; ---

'Dvdk &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokboabmawG &SdMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk½kyfy&rwfw&m;awG&JU &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokbtjcif;t&mawGudkÓPfjzifh jrifatmif MunfhNyD;awmh ]]tokb tokb}}vdkY ½Iyg/ tZÑwåwpfvSnfh A[d'¨wpfvSnfh Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum ½Iyg/ 'Dvdktokbbm0em ½IEdkifwJhtydkif;udk a&muf&SdaevQifvnf; tZÑwåwpfvSnfhA[d'wpfvSnfh twdwfwpfvSnfh tem*wfwpfvSnfh vSnfhvnfum ½kyf-emrf-aMumif;-usKd; (= ocFg&)w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lNyD;awmhvu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpD wifum Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum qufvufum 0dyóem ½Iaeyg/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh 'DocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkY tokbvdkY ..av;rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYjzifh 0dyóem ½IyGm;&rnfhtydkif; jzpfygw,f/

emememememrrrrr fy&fy&fy&fy&fy&rrrrrwfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU wfw&m;wdkY&JU tttttokbokbokbokbokbtttttjjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;ttttt&m&m&m&m&m

pu©K'Gg&0DxdpwJh 'Gg& (6)rsKd;pvkH;wdkYrSm ----------- - - - - ½lyg½kHpwJh qdkif&mtm½kHawGudk enf;rSefvrf;rSef ESvkH;roGif;wwfrI ta,medaomreodum&udktaMumif;cHum tukodkvfaZmemrfw&m;pkwdkYvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwwfMuygw,f/ xdktukodkvfemrfw&m;pkwdkYum; tyg,foHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©tp&SdwJh qif;&J'ku©trsKd;rsKd;udk jzpfay:apwwfwJh taMumif;&if;w&m;awG jzpfjcif;aMumifh &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,faumif;wJh tokbw&m;


awGom {uefpifppf jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ,if;tukodkvfemrfw&m;pkwdkYudkvnf; ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum tokb tokbvdkY ½Iyg/ ½lyg½kHpwJhqdkif&mtm½kHawGudk enf;rSefvrf;rSef ESvkH;oGif;wwfrI a,medaomreodum&udk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmMuwJh pu©K'Gg&0DxdpwJhukodkvfaZm0Dxdemrfw&m;pkwdkYvnf; &SdMuygw,f/ tu,fí 'Dukodkvfemrfw&m;pkwdkYudk tm½kHjyKNyD;awmh 'Dukodkvfemrfw&m;pkwdkYudk taMumif;jyKum tukodkvfw&m;awG xyfqifhjzpfyGm;vmcJhrnfqdkvQif ,if;ukodkvfemrfw&m;pkawG[mvnf; oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00udk jzpfay:apEdkifwJhpGrf;tm;&SdwJhw&m;awGom jzpfjcif;aMumifh &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,f tokbw&m;awGom jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dukodkvfemrfw&m;pkwdkYudkvnf; tokbtokbvdkY ½Iyg/

'Dae&mrSm enf;enf;awmh xyf&Sif;zdkY vdkvdrfhrnf/

'Dvdk y|mef;a'oemawmfrSm193 bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;[mvnf; rdrdjyKpkysKd;axmifxm;cJhNyD;wJh'ge oDv orx 0dyóem pwJh ukodkvfw&m;awGudk wpfenf; ajym&vQifawmh rdrdrSm wnf&SdcJhwJh wnf&SdaeqJjzpfwJh o'¨g oDv okw pm*ynmw&m;awGudk tm½kHjyKNyD;awmh taMumif;jyKNyD;awmh 'Dukodkvfw&m;trsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm om,mrI wG,fwmwyfrufrI &m*w&m;awG193 'geH 'wGm oDvH orm'd,dwGm Oaygoxur®H uwGm wH *½kH uwGm

tóma'wd tbdeE´wd? wH *½kH uwGm &ma*g OyÜZÆwd? 'd|d OyÜZÆwd/ykaAÁ okpdPÖmed *½kH uwGm tóma'wd tbdeE´wd? wH *½kH uwGm&ma*g OyÜZÆwd? 'd|d OyÜZÆwd/ psmem 0k|[dwGm psmeH *½kH uwGm tóm-a'wd tbdeE´wd? wH *½kH uwGm &ma*g OyÜZÆwd? 'd|d OyÜZÆwd/ y / o'HOyedóm, rmeH ZayÜwd? 'd|ð *PSmwd/ y / o'¨g/ oDvH/ okwH/ pma*g/ynm &m*ó/ a'goó/ arm[ó/ rmeó/ 'd|d,m/ yw¬em,Oyedó,ypöa,e ypöa,m/ (y|me?1?146-147/)


vnf; jzpfaewwfw,f? rauseyfrI pdwfcufxefMurf;wrf;rI a'gow&m;awGvnf; jzpfaewwfw,f? igyJ olyJ pwJh todrSm;rI arm[w&m;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfaewwfw,f? 'Dukodkvfw&m;awGtay:rSm *kPf,l0ifh<um;aewJh rmefrmew&m;awGvnf; xif&Sm; jzpfaewwfw,f?'Dukodkvfw&m;awGudk ]]ig}} jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wmyJ pwJh cH,lcsufrSm;rI'd|dw&m;awGvnf; jzpfay:aewwfw,f? 'Dukodkvfw&m;awGaMumifhaemiftem*wfrSm vlawmfvlaumif; ewfaumif;ewfjrwf jzpfa&; pwJhawmifhwrI yw¬emtrsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; jzpfay:aewwfw,f/ 'Dyw¬emqdkwmuawmh t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gefOD;aqmifaewJh udavo0#fw&m;pkawGyJ jzpfygw,f/ vlawmfvlaumif; ewfaumif; ewfjrwfvdkY todrSm;aewJhoabmu t0dZÆm? ,if;vlawmfvlaumif; ewfaumif;ewfjrwfb0udk wG,fwmrufarmaewJhoabmu wPSm? ,if;b0udk pdwfuyfa&mufpGJaewJhoabmu Oyg'gefwdkY jzpfMuygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ y#dorÇd'gr*fygVdawmfESifh t|uxmwdkYrSmvnf;194 ..tcsKdUtcsKdUaom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfawG[m ocFg½kayu©mÓPfuJhodkYaomtvGeftqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aewJh 0dyóemÓPfawGtay:rSmaomfvnf;yJ ESpfoufom,mrI wG,fwmrufarmrI eduEÅdvdkY ac:qdkwJh wPSmavmbw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmEdkifaMumif;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? zGifhqdkxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk ocFg½kayu©mÓPfudkESpfoufom,maewJh wG,fwmrufarmaewJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvftzdkY olxlaxmifxm;wJh uHawGxJrSm 'DocFg½kayu©mÓPfvdkYac:qdkwJh 0dyóemuH[m tm;taumif;qkH; Av0ukodkvfuHwpfck jzpfaeygw,f/ 'DvdkESpfoufom,mrI wG,fwmrufarmrI wPSmavmb&JU tm;ay;axmuf

194 ykxkZÆeó ocFg½kayu©H tbdeE´awm pdwåH udvdówd? bm0em,y&dyaE¦m a[mwd? y#da0"ó tEÅ&ma,m a[mwd? tm,wð y#doEd,mypöa,m a[mwd/ (y#doH?60/ y#doH?|?1?250/)


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'gaMumifh ukodkvfuHwpfckckudk trSDjyKNyD;awmh tukodkvftrsKd;rsKd;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhrnfqdkvQifvnf; ,if;ukodkvfw&m;awG[m &GH&SmpufqkyfzG,faumif;wJh tokbw&m;awGom jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh'Dukodkvfw&m;pkrsKd;udkvnf; tokb tokbvdkY ½IEdkifygw,f/

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awGudk emrfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkY tokbvdkY Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum 0dyóem ½Iaeyg/ 'Dvdk 0dyóem ½Iaejcif;[mvnf; &m*OD;aqmifaewJh udavomawmcsKHykwfawGudk &Sif;vif;aewJhvkyfief;cGifwpfrsKd;om jzpfygw,f/ ]]tpGJjyKwf wJukyf a&Teef;awmf}}]]tpGJjyKwf wJukyf a&Teef;awmf}}]]tpGJjyKwf wJukyf a&Teef;awmf}}]]tpGJjyKwf wJukyf a&Teef;awmf}}]]tpGJjyKwf wJukyf a&Teef;awmf}} qdkwJhedAÁmefeef;odkY a&mufatmif ydkYaqmifaewJh vkyfief;cGifawGom jzpfygw,f/

twdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóemtwdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóemtwdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóemtwdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóemtwdwf tem*wf ½IIrI jyóem

bk&m;&Sifonf rZÑdryPÖmoygVdawmf a0ceookwåefrSm195 'Dvdka[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

]]upöme ... tMuif orPjAm[®PawG[m twdwf½kyfemrftpOfudk odwwfwJh ÓPftjrifvnf; r&SdbJç tem*wf½kyfemrftpOfudkodwwfwJh ÓPftjrifvnf; r&SdbJ .. ]ighrSm y#doaE¨wnfae&jcif;Zmwdw&m; ukefqkH;oGm;NyD? ig[m usifhoifhusifhxdkufwJh t&d,r*fqdkwJhusifhpOfudk usifhokH;vdkY NyD;pD;oGm;NyD? ig[m jyKoifhjyKxdkufwJh r*fudpöudkjyKvkyfNyD;NyD? 'Dt&d,r*f &&Sda&;twGuf aemufxyfjyKvkyfzG,fudpövkyfief;&yf[m ighrSm r&SdawmhNyDvdkY odaeygw,f} vkdY .. 'Dvdk 0efcHpum;ajymMum;aeMuw,f/ 'Dvdk ajymqdkaeMuwJh orPjAm[®PawGudkw&m;ESifh avsmfnDwJh ESdyfuGyfjcif;jzifhom ESdyfuGyfxdkufygw,f}} 'Dvdkbk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/195

195 ]]a, acg aw upöme orPjAm[®Pm tZmeEÅm ykAÁEÅH? tyóEÅmty&EÅH? ]cDPm Zmwd? 0kodwH jA[®p&d,H? uwH u&PD,H? emy&H£w¬wåm,mwd - yZmemrm}wd - y#dZmeEÅd? awoH aoma,0o["r®daum ed*¾a[m a[mwd/ (r?2?234/)


w&m;ESifh w&m;ESifh w&m;ESifh w&m;ESifh w&m;ESifh aaaaavsmfnvsmfnvsmfnvsmfnvsmfn DD DD DwJh ESdyfuGyfwJh ESdyfuGyfwJh ESdyfuGyfwJh ESdyfuGyfwJh ESdyfuGyfrrrrr I wI wI wI wI wppppp ff ff frrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

twdwf½kyfemrftpOfudk ÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;rodwJh yk*d¾KvfawG&JUoEÅmefrSm twdwf½kyfemrftpOfudk trSDjyKum tpGJjyKum jzpfay:vmcJhwJht0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh twdwfb0u jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhtaMumif;ork',opömw&m;awGudk [kwfwdkif;rSefpGm odjrifwwfwJhÓPftjrifudk &&Sda&;rSm b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifwJh t&mXmewpfckomjzpfaeygw,f? tvm;wlyJ twdwfu jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh ork',opömw&m;aMumifh 'Db0rSm cEm (5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfrIudkxdk;xGif;odjrifwwfwJh ÓPftjrifudk &&SdzdkYqdkwmvnf; b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifwJh t&mXmewpfckom jzpfaeygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ tem*wf½kyfemrftpOfudk xdk;xGif; odjrifwwfwJhÓPftjrif r&SdolwdkYtzdkY ypöKyÜefrSm jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;vdkufwJh t0dZÆmwPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHqdkwJh taMumif;ork',opömw&m;awGaMumifhaemiftem*wfrSm cE¨m (5)yg; 'ku©opömw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfykHudkxdk;xGif;odjrifwwfwJh ÓPftjrifudk &&SdzdkYqdkwmvnf; b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifwJh rarQmfrSef;tyfwJh t&mXmewpfckom jzpfaeygw,f/ 'Dvdk aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;awGudk tEkaAm"ÓPfy#da0"ÓPfqdkwJh tqifhqifhaom 0dyóemÓPfwdkYjzifh ukd,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf rodrjrifcJhvQif oHo&m0#fqif;&J 'ku©rS rausmfvTm; rvGefajrmufEdkifaMumif;udk bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkifu r[med'geokwåefrSm196 a[mMum;xm;awmfrlvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/ t|uxmBuD;rsm;uvnf; 'Dvdk qkH;jzwfcsufcsxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

]]oDvwnf;[laom ajray:rSm aumif;pGm &yfwnfNyD;awmh orm"dwnf;[laom jrwfaom ausmufzsmxufrSm jrjrxufatmif aumif;pGm

196 ('D?2?47/)


aoG;xm;wJh ÓPfwnf;[laom oefvsufjzifh .. rdk;BudK;puf0ef;uJhodkYoHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00rS ruRwfEdkif rvGwfEdkifatmif owå0gawGudktjrJrjywf n§Of;yef;ESdyfpufaewJhç oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©t00udk tqufrjywf vnfywfapwwfwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJhç aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI(= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;vdkY ac:qdkwJh oHo&m b0pufBuD;udkrazmufcGJ rzsufqD;EdkifbJç xdk;xGif;rodrjrifbJ oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rSausmfvTm;vGefajrmufoGm;wJh yk*¾dKvfrsKd;qdkwm tdyfruf xJrSmawmifrSwpfa,mufrQ r&SdcJhpzl;ao;ygbl;/}}197

'Dvdk qkH;jzwfxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

'gaMumifh twdwf½kyfemrftpOfudk ÓPfjzifh rodrjrifwJhç tem*wf½kyfemrftpOfudk ÓPfjzifh rodrjrifwJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfawG[m aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;awGudkç wpfenf;qdk&vQifork',opömaMumifh 'ku©opömjzpfykHudk tEkaAm"ÓPf y#da0"ÓPfwdkYjzifh xdk;xGif; rodrjrifEdkifMuwJhtwGuf oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rSxGufajrmufzdkYqdkwmç oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rS xGufajrmuf&mjzpfwJhedAÁmefodkY a&muf&SdzdkYqdkwm b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifwJh t&mXmewpfckomjzpfaeygw,f/ a0ceookwåefenf;t& ajym&vQifawmh b,fvdkrS&[EÅm rjzpfEdkifwJh olawGom jzpfMuygw,f/

tttttEkEkEkEkEkaAaAaAaAaAmmmmm"""""ÓÓÓÓÓPPPPP f yf yf yf yf y##### dd dd daaaaa00000"""""ÓÓÓÓÓPPPPP ff ff f

'Dae&mrSm tEkaAm"ÓPftEkaAm"ÓPftEkaAm"ÓPftEkaAm"ÓPftEkaAm"ÓPfqdkwmuawmh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfESifhypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf -- ESpfyg;udk qdkvdkfygw,f/ t0dZÆm ocFg& 0dnmPfemrf½kyfpwJh y#dpöorkyÜg'ft*Fg&yftoD;toD;udk vu©P-&o-ypöKy|mef-y'|mefenf;tm;jzifh odrf;qnf;wwf ydkif;jcm;,lwwfwJh ÓPfudk 'Dtydkif;

197 (tbd?|?2?189/ 0dok'd?2?221/)


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198 emr½lyy&dapäa'g? wó p ypö,y&d*¾a[m e yXrmbdeda0orawåea[mwd? tx acg ww¬ ty&my&H ÓPkyÜwådondawe tEk tEkAkZÑaee? w'kb,mbm0H ye 'aóaEÅm ]]Ówy&dnm0aoe te-]]Ówy&dnm0aoe te-]]Ówy&dnm0aoe te-]]Ówy&dnm0aoe te-]]Ówy&dnm0aoe te-EkAkZÑem}}EkAkZÑem}}EkAkZÑem}}EkAkZÑem}}EkAkZÑem}}wd tm[/ ('D?#D?2?90/)

199 teEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mteEkaAm"mwd Ówy&dnm0aoe teEkAkZÑaee/ tyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mtyÜ#da0"mwdwD&PyÜ[mey&dnm0aoe tyÜ#d0dZÑaee/ ('D?|?2?85/)


'Dvdk tEkaAm"ÓPf y#da0"ÓPfwdkYjzifh y#dpöorkyÜg'ft*Fg&yfawGudkxdk;xGif; rodrjrifwJh yk*¾dKvfawG[m oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©rS b,fvdkrSrausmfvTm; rvGefajrmufEdkifbl;qdkwJh taMumif;t&mudk bk&m;&Sifur[med'geokwåefrSm196 a[mMum;xm;awmfrlvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/

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twdwf tem*wfukd ½IrIESifh ywfoufvdkY tcsKdUtcsKdUaom q&mjrwfwkdYu ykaAÁed0gomEkówdtbdnmPfudk &&SdygrSomvQif twdwf½kyfemrfcE¨mawGudk ½IvdkY &Ekdifw,f? 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPf&JU tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfwJh tem*wHoÓPfudk &&SdygrSomvQif tem*wf½kyfemrfcEmawGudk½IvdkY &Ekdifw,f? 'Dvdk olwdkYu t,l &SdMujyefw,f/ twdwf tem*wfukd½I&mü tbdnmPfÓPfjzifh ½Ienf;ç 0dyóemÓPfjzifh ½Ienf;vdkY ½Ienf;ESpfenf; &Sdaeygw,f/ 0dyóemÓPfeJY ½Ienf;udk bk&m;&Sifu cE¨0*¾oH,kwfygVdawmf cZÆeD,okwåefrSm 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

a, [d aupd bdu©a0 orPm 0g jAm[®Pm 0g taeu0d[dwHa, [d aupd bdu©a0 orPm 0g jAm[®Pm 0g taeu0d[dwHa, [d aupd bdu©a0 orPm 0g jAm[®Pm 0g taeu0d[dwHa, [d aupd bdu©a0 orPm 0g jAm[®Pm 0g taeu0d[dwHa, [d aupd bdu©a0 orPm 0g jAm[®Pm 0g taeu0d[dwHykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem tEkó&EÅd? oaAÁaw yÍöKyg'geu©aE tEk-ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem tEkó&EÅd? oaAÁaw yÍöKyg'geu©aE tEk-ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem tEkó&EÅd? oaAÁaw yÍöKyg'geu©aE tEk-ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem tEkó&EÅd? oaAÁaw yÍöKyg'geu©aE tEk-ykaAÁed0goH tEkó&rmem tEkó&EÅd? oaAÁaw yÍöKyg'geu©aE tEk-ó&EÅd {awoH 0g tnw&H/ó&EÅd {awoH 0g tnw&H/ó&EÅd {awoH 0g tnw&H/ó&EÅd {awoH 0g tnw&H/ó&EÅd {awoH 0g tnw&H/200

'DygVdawmf&JUqdkvdk&if;uawmh 'Dvdkyg/

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200 (oH?2?71/)


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201 (oH?|?2?266/pmykd'f-79/)


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202 (0dok'¨d?1?20/)


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204 ("r®y'?|?1?103-147/)


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205 (tH?|?1?342-347/)


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xdkuodkPf;psmeformywf (8)yg;wdkYudk tajccHum O',AÁ,ÓPfwdkifatmifaom 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudkvnf; qufvufumpD;jzef;aeawmfrlwJh &[ef;awmfawG jzpfMuygw,f/ [dr0EÅmt&yf&Sd

206 (0dok'¨d?1?94/) 207 (okwåedygwf?|?1?180/)


awmtkyfwpfcktwGif;rSm oDwif;okH;awmfrlMuvsuf orxbm0em0dyóembm0emawGudk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaeMu&m0,f ntcgrSmewfawGu aMumuf&GHUzG,f½kyftqif;awGESifh aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYzG,ftoHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk jyKvkyfum Ncdrf;ajcmufMuwJhtwGuf &[ef;awmfawG&JU oEÅmefrSm aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYrI qkwfepfwJh a'gow&m;awGxif&Sm;jzpfay:vmcJhMuygw,f/

oDv&SdwJh &[ef;awmfawGu opfyifatmufawGrSm oDwif;okH;awmfrlMuvsuf &[ef;w&m;awG yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeMuwJhtcg &[ef;awmfawG&JU oDvwefcdk;aMumifh tcsKdUtcsKdUaom ewfawG[m opfyifawG&JU txufrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh rdrdwdkY&JU bkHAdrmefawGxJrSm raeEdkif jzpfvmMuw,f/ rdrdwdkY&JU om;i,f orD;i,fwdkYudk vufqGJum awmxJrSmyJvSnfhvnfaexdkifMu&w,f/ 0gqdk0guyfwJhtcsdeftcgtxd &[ef;awmfawGu jyefr<uMubJ 'DawmxJrSmyJ 0gqdk0guyfum &[ef;w&m;awGudkqufvuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfMuawmhrnfqdkwmudk ewfawGu od&SdMuwJhtwGuf &[ef;awmfawGudk 'DawmxJrSm raeEdkifatmif ewfawGuajcmufvSefYMujcif; jzpfygw,f/

&[ef;awmfawGuvnf; bk&m;&SifxHodkY jyef<uawmfrlum bk&m;&Siftm; tusKd;taMumif;udk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/ xdktcgrSm bk&m;&Sifu xdk&[ef;awmfwdkYtm; arwåokwåefa'oemawmfudkoifMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JU &nf&G,fcsufuawmh 'Darwåokwåefa'oemawmfudk y&dwft&Htwm;tjzpfjzifhvnf; &Gwfzwfapawmfrlvdkw,f? arwåmur®|mef;udk tapmifhur®|mef; (= pwk&m&u©ur®|mef;)tjzpfeJYom ryGm;rsm;awmhbJ 0dyóem&JU tajcyg'upsmefjzpfatmif oGm;av&m vmav&mrSm tjrJwrf; aqmifxm;&rnfhtjrJwrf; yGm;rsm;ae&rnfh yg&d[m&d,ur®|mef;tjzpfeJYvnf; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfapawmfrlvdkw,f/ 'Dvdk arwåmur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;wJhtcgrSm


vnf; arwåokwåefrSm ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJh arwåmbm0emyGm;rsm;ykHenf;pepfwdkYjzihf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfapawmfrlvdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufvnf;&Sdawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk yGm;rsm;vdkY&&SdwJh arwåmpsmefawGudk 0dyóem&JUtajccHpsmeftjzpf orm"dxlaxmifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudkvnf; qufvufum BudK;pm;tm;xkwfapawmfrlvdkw,f/ 'Dvkd OD;wnfcsufawGjzihf 'Darwåokwåefudk a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;awmfrlvdkufjcif;jzpfygw,f/

xdk&[ef;awmfawGvnf; bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;awmfrlwJhtwdkif;arwåokwåefudk oif,lawmfrlNyD;aemuf xdkawmtkyfudkyJ wpfzefjyefvnf<uoGm;awmfrlMuum arwåokwåefudk &Gwfzwfjcif;ç arwåokwåefrSmvm&SdwJhtwdkif; arwåmpsmefawGudk yGm;rsm;jcif;ç arwåmpsmefawGudk0dyóem&JU tajccHpsmeftjzpf yGm;rsm;um 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;awGudk qufvufum pD;jzef;awmfrlMujcif;qdkwJh bm0emvkyfief;cGifawGudk tqifhqifh BudK;yrf;awmfrlMuav&m xdk0gwGif;rSmyJ t&[wåzdkvfodkYqdkufa&mufoGm;awmfrlcJhMuygw,f/ aMumuf&GHUjcif;qdkwJh qkwfepfwJha'gow&m;awGESifhwuG udavomtm;vkH;wdkYrS tNyD;wdkif vGwfajrmufoGm;awmfrlcJhMuygw,f/ ewfawG&JU oEÅmefrSm jzpfay:cJhMuwJh a'gow&m;awGudkvnf; xdk&[ef;awmfwdkY yGm;rsm;aewJh arwåmpsmefawGuatmifatmifjrifjrif wdkufzsufEdkifcJhwJhtwGuf ewfawG&JU pdwfaepdwfxm;awG ajymif;vJum &[ef;awmfwdkY&JU a0,sm0pöorm;rsm;tjzpfodkYa&muf&SdoGm;cJhMuygw,f/ &[ef;awmfwdkY tokH;jyK&eftwGuf aomufa&okH;a& wnfxm;jcif;ç y&d0kPfudk wHjrufpnf;vSJay;jcif;pwJh a0,sm0pöukodkvfrsm;udk jyKvkyfay;Muygw,f/208

208 (okwåedygwf?|?1?191-192/)


orÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywåd ---- arwåmbm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;&m0,farwåmpsmefawG&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh Asmyg'a'go&JU Nidrf;at;oGm;jcif;[marwåmbm0empGrf;tm;&JU jynfh0pkHnDvmjcif; orÜwådyJ jzpfygw,f/odkYaomf arwåmbm0em&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh owå0gwpfOD;tay:üodkYr[kwf owå0gtrsm;pktay:ü cspfjrwfEdk;jcif; odae[w&m;uarwåmta,mifaqmifum vSnfhjzm;wwfwJhoabmawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdkodae[w&m;u xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmNyDqdkvQifawmh arwåmbm0em&JUysufpD;jcif; 0dywådw&m;yJ jzpfygw,f/

0d[ðoudk wdkuf0d[ðoudk wdkuf0d[ðoudk wdkuf0d[ðoudk wdkuf0d[ðoudk wdkufzzzzzsufsufsufsufsufaaaaa&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;vrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;

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arwåmbm0emur®|mef;udk psmef&onfhwdkifatmif atmifatmifjrifjrif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfxm;NyD;wJh olawmfaumif;[m u½kPmbm0emur®|mef;udkvnf; psmef&onfhwdkifatmif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfrnfqdkvQifvG,fulaernfom jzpfygw,f/ u½kPmpsmeform"dawGudk t0g;0pGmatmifatmifjrifjrif xlaxmifEdkifcJhNyDqdkvQifawmh 'D0d[ðow&m;qdk;udk0du©rÇey[mefjzifh cyfMumMum y,fcGmum ESdyfuGyfxm;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/odkYaomf 'D0d[ðow&m;qdk;&JU tEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfawGudkygt<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif zsufqD;ypfcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh rdrd&&Sdxm;NyD;wJh 'Du½kPmpsmeform"dawGudk txl;ojzihf u½kPmwwd,psmeform"dudk 0dyóem&JU tajccHyg'upsmeftjzpf orm"dudk xlaxmifum twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef umv (3)yg;ç tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmef(2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um ,if;ocFg&w&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpOftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQif &ifhusufvmwJh0dyóemÓPfawG&JUtqkH;rSm t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawG[m tocFwtNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;udk tm½kH,lum tqifhqifh jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ ,if;t&d,r*fÓPfawGxJrSm yg0ifaewJh tem*grdr*fÓPf[m ,if;0d[ðow&m;qdk;udk tEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfygrusef&atmif y,fEkwfypfEdkifwJh zsufqD;ypfEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/t&[wår*fÓPfzdkvfÓPftxd qdkufa&mufoGm;cJhvQifawmh udavomtm;vkH;wdkYrS uGif;vkH;uRwf vGwfajrmufoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/

orÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywåd ---- 'Du½kPmbm0emudk wwd,psmeform"dqdkufonftxd atmifatmifjrifjrif yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQif'Du½kPmpsmefw&m;awGu 0d[ðow&m;qdk;udk y,f&Sm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdMuwJhtwGuf 0d[ðow&m;qdk;&JU Nidrf;at;oGm;jcif;[m 'Du½kPmpsmef


awG&JU pGrf;tifESifh jynfh0pkHnDvmjcif; orÜwådyJ jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomfu½kPmpsmef&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh owå0gwpfOD;tm½kHtay:rSm odkYr[kwfowå0gtrsm;pktm½kHtay:rSm qif;&J'ku©a&muf&SdaerIESifh qufpyfaewJhpdk;&drfaMumifhMurI aomuw&m;u u½kPmta,mifaqmifum vSnfhpm;wwfwJh oabmawmh &Sdygw,f/ 'Dvdk u½kPmta,mifaqmifaewJhaomuw&m; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmNyDqdkvQifawmh u½kPmbm0em&JUysufpD;jcif; 0dywådyJ jzpfygw,f/

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tvm;wlyJ rdrdrSm wnf&SdaewJh *kPfod&f pnf;pdrft&yf&yfawGudkolwpfyg;wdkYESifh qufqHaewmudk qufqH&rSmudk tvdkr&SdwJhoabm0efwdkaewJhoabmuawmh rpä&d,rpä&d,rpä&d,rpä&d,rpä&d,w&m;qdk; jzpfygw,f/ rdrdodaewJhw&m;rsKd;udkç rdrd½IvdkY&aewJh w&m;rsKd;udk olwpfyg;awGvnf; tvm;wlodoGm;rSmudk ½IvdkY&oGm;rSmudk tvdkr&SdwJhpdwfxm; o0efwdkaewJh pdwfxm;rsKd; jzpfygw,f/ 'Dpdwfxm;rsKd;[mvnf; a,m*Dtcsif;csif; wpfOD;tay:rSm wpfOD;u rxm;&SdoifhwJh ,kwfrmwJh pdwfaepdwfxm; wpfrsKd;om


jzpfygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm usrf;*efrsm;rSm209 rpä&d, (5)rsKd; azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

rpärpärpärpärpä&d, (5) &d, (5) &d, (5) &d, (5) &d, (5) rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

1/ tm0gorpä&d,tm0gorpä&d,tm0gorpä&d,tm0gorpä&d,tm0gorpä&d, ---- ausmif;uefwdkufwm ae&mxdkifcif;awGrSm0efwdkaewJhoabmuawmh tm0gorpä&d,yJ jzpfygw,f/ tm0goqdkwmuawmh .. ausmif;wdkufwpfckvkH;udkvnf; tm0govdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/ ausmif;wdkufBuD;wpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ausmif;y&d0kPftoD;toD;ç ausmif;aqmiftoD;toD;ç ausmif;aqmif wpfcktwGif;rSmwnf&SdwJh tcef;toD;toD;ç ntcg w&m;tm;xkwfwJh nOfhoefYpif&mae&mç aeYtcg w&m;tm;xkwfwJh aeYoefYpif&m ae&mawGudkvnf;tm0govdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/ tm;vkH;uawmh oHCduausmif; tdyf&mae&mawGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ tJ'Dtm0goawGrSm aexdkifaeMuwJh yk*d¾KvfawG[m csrf;csrf;omom aeMu&w,f? ypönf;av;yg;udk &vG,fwJhoabm &Sdw,f/ &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m usihf0wfy#dywfESifh jynhfpkHaewJhoDvudkcspfjrwfEdk;wJh &[ef;wpfyg;yg;&JU tJ'Dausmif;udk vma&mufaexdkifjcif;udk tvdkr&Sd jzpfaew,f? tu,fí a&mufvmjyefyguvnf;]]'Dudk,fawmf cyfjrefjref jyefygap}}qdkwJh pdwfxm;rsKd; &Sdaew,f/tvm;wlyJ q&mav;wpfyg;[mvnf; usihf0wfy#dywfESifh jynhfpkHaewJhoDvudk cspfjrwfEdk;wJh q&mav;wpfyg;yg;&JU tJ'Dausmif;udk vma&mufaexdkifjcif;udk tvdkr&Sd jzpfaew,f? tu,fí a&mufvmjyefyguvnf;]]'Dq&mav; cyfjrefjref jyefygap}}qdkwJh pdwfxm;rsKd; &Sdaew,f/ OyuBuD;tm; a':qm0gu oifjyay;vdkufwJh ynmay;pepfawGudk twk,lumrdrduvnf; toifha&muf&Sdvmoltm; ynmay;pepf trsKd;rsKd;awGudk

209 (tbd?|?1?405-407/ 'D?|?3?209/)


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2/ ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d, ---- aqGrsKd;ÓwdawGudkyJjzpfapç rdrd&JUtvkyftauR;wynfh 'um 'umrawGudkyJjzpfap olwpfyg;awGeJY qufqHwmudktvdkr&SdwJh oabmuawmh ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d,ukvrpä&d, jzpfygw,f/ rdrdudk ypönf;av;yg;jzifh jyKpkvkyfauR;aewJh 'um 'umr trsKd;tEG,fawG[mvnf;]ukv} rnfygw,f? rdrd&JU aqGrsKd;om;csif;awG[mvnf; ]ukv}yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdkukvtrsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm tjcm;yk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muf&JUcsOf;uyfrIç &if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHaerIudk tvdkr&SdwJh oabmuawmhukvrpä&d,yJ jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhudk,fusifhw&m;&SdaewJhç udk,fusifhoDvysufpD;aewJh yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;&JUtJ'DaqGrsKd;awGESifh 'um 'umrawGudk csOf;uyfrIç &if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHaerIudk tvdkr&SdwJh oabmuawmh ukvrpä&d, r[kwfyg/ 'Dvdk ,kwfrmwJhpdwfxm; ,kwfrmwJhudk,fusifhw&m;&SdaewJhç udk,fusifhoDv ysufpD;aewJh yk*d¾Kvf[m xdktrsKd; 'um 'umrawG&JU oEÅmefrSm xif&Sm;&SdaewJh&wemoHk;yg;wdkYtay:rSm MunfndKaewJh o'gppf o'grSefudk ysufpD;oGm;atmif usifhwwfwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dvdk yk*d¾KvfrsKd;&JU rdrd&JUtvkyftauR; 'um 'umrawGç aqGrsKd;awGESifh qufqHaerIudk tvdkr&SdwJh oabmuawmh ukvrpä&d, r[kwfyg/ qdkvdkwmuawmh rdrd&JUtvkyftauR; 'um 'umrawGç aqGrsKd;awG&JU &wemoHk;yg;wdkYtay:rSmMunfndKaewJh o'¨gppf o'¨grSefudk wnfwHhatmif wdk;yGm;atmif apmifha&Smufjcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifwJh &[ef;awmfwpfyg;yg;&JU odkYr[kwf q&mav;


wpfyg;yg;&JU 'DtvkyftauR; 'um 'umrawGç aqGrsKd;awGxHodkYcsOf;uyfjcif; &if;&if;ESD;ESD; qufqHaejcif;udk tvdkr&SdwJhoabmuomukvrpä&d, jzpfygw,f/

3/ vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d, ---- ypönf;vmbfvmb&jcif;ESifh qufpyfumjzpfay:vmwJh 0efwdkrIoabmuawmh vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d,vmbrpä&d, jzpfygw,f/'Dae&mrSm vmbqdkwmuawmh ypönf;av;yg; &jcif;udk qdkvdkygw,f/'Dvdk vmbfvmb&jcif;udk rdrdrSwpfyg; oDvr&SdwJholudk xm;vdkufOD;?oDv&SdaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;uyif vmbfvmbudk &cJhrnfqdkvQifr&ygapownf;vdkY MuHpnfaewJhyk*d¾Kvf&JU pdwfxm;rsKd;uawmh vmbrpä&d, jzpfygw,f/ rdrdvmbfvmb &ovdk olwpfyg;awG r&apvdkwJhpdwfxm;rsKd;awG jzpfygw,f/

odkYaomf yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;uawmh 'um 'umrawGu o'gjy"mef;umvSL'gef;xm;wJh o'¨ga',s vSLzG,f0w¬Kypönf;pkawGudk azmufazmufjyefjyef okH;pGJwwfw,f? tvGJoHk;pm;jyKwwfw,f? roHk;pGJ&ufbJ ykyfonhfwdkifatmif jcwufonfhwdkifatmif aqG;jrnhfonfhwdkifatmif odkrSD;odrf;qnf;xm;wwfw,f? ray;tyfwJhvlawGudk ay;urf;wwfw,f?0denf;awmfESifh ravsmfnDwJhae&mawGrSm oHk;pGJwwfw,f? r½kdraorav;rpm; ypfpvufcwf raumif;ojzifh oHk;pGJypfwwfw,f? 'Dvdk0denf;awmfESifh rnDrñGwf r½kdrao oHk;pGJjcif; ponfjzifh ypönf;vmbfvmbawGudk ysufpD;atmif zsufqD;wwfw,f/ ykyfaqG;aewJh ypönf;yJjzpfcsifjzpfygap olwpfyg;awGudk ray;&uf jzpfaew,f? rykyfaqG;wJhypönf;udkawmh ajymaezG,fawmif rvdkawmhyg/ 'Dvdk olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; ray;&uf rdrdudk,fwdkifvnf; roHk;&ufwJh yk*d¾KvfrsKd;udk jrifwJhtcg'Dypönf;udk 'Dyk*d¾Kvf[m tu,fí r&cJhbl;qdkvQifç 'Dyk*d¾KvfrS wpfyg;tjcm; oDv&SdwJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;om tu,fí &&SdcJhrnfqdkvQif'Dypönf;[m omoemawmftwGuf toHk;0ifwJh toHk;uswJh toHk;csvdkY


&wJh ypönf;wpfck jzpfEdkifw,fvdkY 'Dvdk MuHpnfaewJh yk*d¾Kvf&JU oEÅmefrSmjzpfay:aewJh pdwfxm;rsKd;uawmh vmbrpä&d, r[kwfyg/

4/ 0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d, ---- udk,ftqif;ESifh *kPfowif;awGtay:rSm 0efwdkrIoabmuawmh 0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d,0PÖrpä&d, jzpfygw,f/ udk,ftqif;udk o&D&0PÖvdkYac:qdkygw,f? *kPfowif; *kPfaus;Zl;awGudkawmh *kP0PÖvdkY ac:qdkygw,f? yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk wifhw,foGm;atmif wefqmqifay;aewJhoabmw&m; ESpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/

tJ'DESpfrsKd;xJu udk,ftqif;rSm 0efwdkjcif; rpä&d,&SdwJh yk*d¾Kvf[m..]]tjcm;yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;[m zl;jrif&olwdkYtm; MunfndKjcif;udk jzpfapwwfw,f? MunfndKzG,fvnf; &Sdw,f? ½kyftqif;ESifhvnf; jynhfpkHw,f? Oy"dorÜwåd*kPfESifhvnf; jynfhpkHw,f}} ..vdkY 'Dvdk ajymqdkoHudk Mum;vdkuf&wJhtcg 'Dvdk*kPfudkç 'Dvdk*kPftaMumif;udk ajymqdkjcif; ajymMum;jcif;iSmtvdkr&Sd jzpfaewwfw,f? em;axmifjcif;iSmvnf; tvdkr&Sd jzpfaewwfygw,f/

aemufwpfck ajymMu&atmif ..olwpfyg;&JU *kPfaus;Zl; *kPfowif;awGrSm 0efwdkjcif; rpä&d,&SdaewJhol[m olwpfyg;&JU oDv*kPf"kwif*kPf orm"d*kPf ynm*kPfqdkwJh y#dywf*kPfaus;Zl;ESifh rsKd;½dk;tusihfaumif;rGefjcif;qdkwJh *kPfaus;Zl;udk ajymqdkvdkwJh qE"mwfrsm; r&Sd jzpfaewwfw,f? em;axmifvdkwJh pdwfxm;vnf; r&Sd jzpfaewwfygw,f/

5/ "r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d, ---- y&d,wåd"r®tay:rSm 0efwdkaewJhoabmuawmh"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d,"r®rpä&d, jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSmawmh y&d,wåd"r®udkvnf; "r®vdkYac:qdkygw,f? y#da0""r®udkvnf; "r®vdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f? y#dywåd"r®uawmh 0PÖrpä&d,ydkif;rSm yg0ifaeygw,f/


odkYaomf t&d,mom0uawG[m rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifxm;wJh r*f zdkvf edAÁmefqdkwJh y#da0""r®udk 0efrwdkMuyg/ rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif xGif;azmuf odjrifxm;NyD;wJh 'Dy#da0""r®udk .. ewfESifhwuGaom wpfavmuvkH;rSm &SdaewJhowå0gtaygif;&JU xdk;xGif;í odjrifjcif;udk vdkvm;awmifhwawmfrlvsufom &SdaeMuygw,f/ odkYaomf rdrdwdkY &&Sdxm;NyD;wJh 'Dy#da0"w&m;udk]]'Dyk*d¾Kvfuawmh aomwmyef jzpfw,f? 'Dyk*d¾Kvfuawmh ou'g*grfjzpfw,f? 'Dyk*d¾Kvfuawmh tem*grf jzpfw,f? 'Dyk*d¾Kvfuawmh &[EÅmjzpfw,f}} ponfjzifh olwpfyg;awG rodMuygapeJYqdkwJh 'Dvdk pdwfxm;rsKd;uawmh &SdaeawmfrlMuygw,f/ rdrdt&d,mjzpfaMumif;udk olwpfyg;awGrod&SdapvdkwJh pdwfxm;yJ jzpfygw,f/ wEÅd"r® ac:wJh y&d,wådw&m;awmfESifh ywfoufvdkYomvQif "r®rpä&d,ac:wJh w&m;ü 0efwdkrIoabm[mjzpfwwfygw,f/ y&d,wådw&m;awmfudk rdrd od&Sdovdk olwpfyg;wdkYod&Sdwmudk rvdkvm;wJhoabm jzpfygw,f/209

'Dvdk ,kwfnhHwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;awGudk y,f&Sm;apawmfrlvdkwmvnf; taMumif;wpf&yf? olwpfyg;wdkY&JU *kPfod&f pnf;pdrfawGtay:rSmarGUavsmfaysmfydkufrI (= &wd)w&m;ç rdrdw&m;&ovdk olwpfyg;wdkYvnf;w&m;&aewmudk arGUavsmfaysmfydkufrI (= &wd)w&m;ç rdrd*kPfod&f pnf;pdrfudk olwpfyg;wdkYESifh qufqHaewmudk awGUjrif&wJhtwGuf jzpfay:vmwJharGUavsmfaysmfydkufrI (= &wd)w&m; -- 'Dvdk olawmfaumif;wdkYrSm &Sdoifh&SdxdkufwJh arGUavsmfaysmfydkufrI (= &wd)w&m; trsKd;rsKd;awGudk jzpfay:vmapawmfrlvdkwmvnf; taMumif;wpf&yf ---- 'Dvdk taMumif;t&yf&yfawGaMumifh rk'dwmbm0emqdkwJh jA[®pdk&fw&m;udkvnf; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfzdkY&ef bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJh ygw,f/

ckajymcJhNyD;wJh arwåmpsmef u½kPmpsmefawGudk wwd,psmefodkYqkdufonftxd toD;toD; ½IyGm;xm;NyD;wJh a,m*DtzdkY rk'dwmpsmef


awGudk wwd,psmefodkY qkdufonftxd qufvufum yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfrnfqdkvQifvnf; vG,fulacsmarmpGmjzifh atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;vdkY&&Sdaernfom jzpfygw,f/ 'Drk'dwmjA[®pdk&fw&m;udk wwd,psmefodkYqkdufonftxd t0g;0pGm EdkifEdkifeif;eif; atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;xm;EdkifcJhrnfqdkvQif 'D£óm-rpä&d,w&m;qdk;awGudk tajccHumjzpfay:aewJh olwpfyg;wdkY&JU *kPfod&f pnf;pdrfawGtay:rSm rarGUavsmfraysmfydkufrI (= t&wd)w&m;ç rdrd&JU *kPfod&f pnf;pdrfawGtay:rSmolwpfyg;wdkYu qufqHaewmudk rarGUavsmf raysmfydkufrI (= t&wd)w&m; -- 'Dvdk t&wdw&m;qdk;awGudk 0du©rÇey[mefjzifh y,fcGmESdyfuGyfxm;EdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf 'D£óm-rpä&d, w&m;qdk;awGudktEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfawGyg rusef&atmif tukeftpify,fEkwfypfcsifw,fqdkvQif 'Drk'dwmpsmefawGudk 0dyóem&JU tajccHyg'upsmeftjzpf orm"dudk xlaxmifum twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefumv (3)yg;ç tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJhtaMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um ,if;ocFg&w&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpOftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQif &ifhusufvmwJh 0dyóemÓPfawG&JU tqkH;rSmt&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawG[m tocFw tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;udk tm½kH,lum tqifhqifh jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ ,if;t&d,r*fÓPfawGxJrSm yg0ifaewJh aomwmywådr*fÓPf ou'g*grdr*fÓPf tem*grdr*fÓPfawGu ,if;£óm-rpä&d, w&m;qdk;awGudktEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfyg rusef&atmif wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifhxyfumxyfum y,fowfvdkufMuwJhtwGuf ,if;w&m;qdk;awG[mt<uif;tusefr&Sd csKyfNidrf;oGm;Muygw,f/ t&[wår*fÓPfzdkvfÓPftxd qdkufa&mufoGm;cJhvQifawmh udavomtm;vkH;wdkYrS uGif;vkH;uRwfvGwfajrmufoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/


orÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywåd ---- ckajymcJhwJh rarGUavsmf raysmfydkufrI (= t&wd)w&m;trsKd;rsKd;awG&JU Nidrf;at;oGm;jcif;[m 'Drk'dwmpsmefawG&JU pGrf;tifESifh jynfh0pkHnDvmjcif; orÜwådyJ jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf rk'dwmpsmef&JUt½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh *kPfod&f pnf;pdrft&yf&yfawGeJY jynfh0pkHnDaewJhowå0gwpfOD; odkYr[kwf owå0gtrsm;pkudk tm½kH,lum rk'dwmbm0emudkpD;jzef;ae&mu wpfcgwpf&H ,if;owå0gwdkY ydkifqdkifaewJh *kPfod&fpnf;pdrft&yf&yfawGtay:odkY pdwfa&mufum ,if;*kPfod&f pnf;pdrfawGudk MunhfNyD;awmh &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmuf MunfEl;aejcif;qdkwJh umr*kPfpHtdrfudk rSDwG,fum jzpfay:vmwJh a*[ódwayrac:wJh ]]y[mo}}]]y[mo}}]]y[mo}}]]y[mo}}]]y[mo}}w&m;[m xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk y[mow&m; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmjcif;[m rk'dwmbm0em&JU ysufpD;jcif; 0dywådyJ jzpfygw,f/

rrrrr kef;jkef;jkef;jkef;jkef;jcccccif;+if;+if;+if;+if;+cccccsssssppppp fjfjfjfjfjcccccif;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh if;ESifh arararararm[udk wdkufm[udk wdkufm[udk wdkufm[udk wdkufm[udk wdkufzzzzzsufsufsufsufsufaaaaa&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;vrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;

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w,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Darm[udk y,f&Sm;a&;u ydkí ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/'Darm[udkyJ y#dpöorkyÜg'fpwJh xdkxdka'oemawmfawGrSm t0dZÆmqdkwJhtrnfwpfrsKd;eJYvnf; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ a&SUydkif;rSm210

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tvwf vdifwlowå0gwpfOD;udkyJjzpfap trsm;pkudkyJjzpfap tm½kH,lum

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ckajymcJhwJh Oayu©mjA[®0d[m&pwkw¬psmefw&m;uvnf; rkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;ESifh arm[xkOD;aqmifaewJh udavomxktpdkiftcJawGukd0du©rÇey[mefjzifh cyfMumMum y,fcGmum ESdyfuGyfxm;Edkifygvdrfhrnf/


odkYaomf 'Drkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;ESifh arm[w&m;qdk;wdkY&JU tEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfawGudkyg t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif zsufqD;ypfcsifw,fqdkvQifawmh rdrd&&Sdxm;NyD;wJh 'DOayu©mjA[®0d[m&pwkw¬psmeform"dudk 0dyóem&JU tajccHyg'upsmeftjzpf orm"dudk xlaxmifumtwdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜef umv (3)yg;ç tZÑwå A[d'¨ oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um ,if;ocFg&w&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpOftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQif &ifhusufvmwJh 0dyóemÓPfawG&JUtqkH;rSm t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawG[m tocFw tNidrf;"mwf edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;udk tm½kH,lum tqifhqifh jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ ,if;av;qifhaom t&d,r*fÓPfawGu arm[xkOD;aqmifaewJh rkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;ESifhwuGaom udavomxktpdkiftcJawGukd tEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfyg rusef&atmif wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh qifhumqifhum y,f&Sm;vdkufMuwJhtcg ,if;arm[xkOD;aqmifaewJh rkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;ESifhwuGaom udavomxktpdkiftcJawGrSuGif;vkH;uRwf vGwfajrmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

orÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywådorÜwådESifh 0dywåd ---- 'DOayu©mjA[®0d[m&pwkw¬psmefukodkvf[mrkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;qdkwJh y#dC+tEke,udk 0du©rÇetm;jzifh y,f&Sm;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm;&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rkef;jcif;+cspfjcif;&JU Nidrf;at;oGm;jcif;[mOayu©mjA[®0d[m&pwkw¬psmef&JU pGrf;tifjynfhpkHaewJh orÜwåd*kPfwpfrsKd;yJ jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf &Sif;jycJhwJh tnmPkayu©mtrnf&wJharm[eJY ,SOfwGJaewJh Oayu©m jzpfay:vmcJhrnfqdkvQifawmh 'DOayu©mjA[®0d[m&w&m;&JU ysufpD;jcif; 0dywådyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm y#dC(= rkef;jcif;)qdkwmuawmh a'gowpfrsKd;yJ jzpfygw,f? tEke, (= cspfjcif;)qdkwmuawmh avmb (= wPSm = ayr) w&m;wpfrsKd;yJ jzpfygw,f/


tttttukov0dwufukov0dwufukov0dwufukov0dwufukov0dwuftrtrtrtrtrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;rrrrrsKd;udk wdkufsKd;udk wdkufsKd;udk wdkufsKd;udk wdkufsKd;udk wdkufzzzzzsufsufsufsufsufaaaaa&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;v&;enf;vrrrrr f;f;f;f;f;

bk&m;&Sif[m arCd,okwåefrSm211 ..

tmemygeówd bma0wAÁm 0dwuúKyapä'g,tmemygeówd bma0wAÁm 0dwuúKyapä'g,tmemygeówd bma0wAÁm 0dwuúKyapä'g,tmemygeówd bma0wAÁm 0dwuúKyapä'g,tmemygeówd bma0wAÁm 0dwuúKyapä'g, = tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;udk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf tmemygeówdbm0emudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ w&m;bm0emudk tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSm ur®|mef;tm½kHrS tjyiftm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;odkY pdwfysHUvGifh xGufoGm;rIawGu rsm;jym;aewJhtwGuf tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;wdkY&JU taESmifht,Suf trsKd;rsKd;udk cHae&wJhtcg tmemygeówdbm0emur®|mef;udkpD;jzef;&ef taumif;qkH;aom tcsdeftcgwpfckyJ jzpfygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JUñTefMum;csuf a'oemawmftay:rSm ,kHMunfcsuf o'¨gw&m; tjynfht0xm;um tmemygeówdur®|mef;udk bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;jyoqdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif; tpDtpOfwus tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvdkufygu tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;udk zsufqD;y,fcGmEdkif½kHomru tmemygetm½kHay:rSm euf½Idif;wJhorm"dudk aumif;pGm &&SdEdkifygw,f/ 'Dvdk euf½Idif;pGm qufwdkuf tqufrjywf jzpfay:aewJh orm"deJY,SOfaewJh pdwf"mwf&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufumxlaxmifEdkifcJhvQif pwkw¬psmeform"dtxd qdkufa&mufEdkifygw,f/'Dpwkw¬psmeform"deJY ,SOfaewJh ÓPfaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ÓPfta&miftvif;awGu NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf wvufvuf awmufyvmwJhtcg ,if;ÓPfta&miftvif;&JU tultnDudk &,lum twdwftem*wf ypöKyÜef umv (3)yg;ç tZÑwå A[d' oEÅmef (2)yg; twGif;rSmwnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um ,if;ocFg&w&m;awGudk

211 (O'ge?120/)


vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tpOftwdkif; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQif &ifhusufvmwJh 0dyóemÓPfawG&JUtqkH;rSm t&d,r*fÓPfzdkvfÓPfawG[m tocFw tNidrf;"mwfedAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfBuD;udk tm½kH,lum tqifhqifh jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/ ,if;av;qifhaom t&d,r*fÓPfawGu tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;udk tEko,tikyf"mwfqdkwJh tjrpfyg rusef&atmif wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh qifhumqifhum y,f&Sm;vdkufMuwJhtcg ,if;tukov0dwuftrsKd;rsKd;ESifhwuGaom udavomxktpdkiftcJawGrS uGif;vkH;uRwfvGwfajrmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

'Dvdk vGwfajrmufwJhtqifhtxd tm;xkwfapvdkawmfrlwJhtwGufbk&m;&Sifu tmemygeur®|mef;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtcgrSm0ifoufavrSm (16)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mç xGufoufavrSm (16)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&m -- ESpf&yfaygif;vdkufygu (32)rsKd;aom tjcif;t&mwdkYudk pwkuú (4)rsKd;wdkYjzifh ydkif;jcm;um a[mMum;awmfrlavh&Sdygw,f/

tttttmemygememygememygememygememygepppppwkuú (4) wkuú (4) wkuú (4) wkuú (4) wkuú (4) rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;

yxyxyxyxyxrprprprprpwkuú (= um,mEkywkuú (= um,mEkywkuú (= um,mEkywkuú (= um,mEkywkuú (= um,mEkyóem)

1/ 'DCH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]'DCH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?'DCH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]'DCH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?'DCH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]'DCH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?'DCH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]'DCH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?'DCH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]'DCH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?'DCH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]'DCH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/'DCH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]'DCH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/'DCH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]'DCH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/'DCH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]'DCH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/'DCH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]'DCH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/

2/ &óH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]&óH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?&óH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]&óH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?&óH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]&óH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?&óH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]&óH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?&óH 0g tóoaEÅm ]]&óH tóomrD}}wd yZmemwd?&óH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]&óH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/&óH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]&óH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/&óH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]&óH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/&óH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]&óH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/&óH 0g yóoaEÅm ]]&óH yóomrD}}wd yZmemwd/

3/ ]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]oAÁum,y#doHa0'D yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/

4/ ]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H tóodómrD}}wd odu©wd?]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/]]yórÇ,H um,ocFg&H yóodómrD}}wd odu©wd/212

212 (r?1?70/)


'Dae&mrSm ..

1/ 0ifav-xGufav&JU&SnfrIudk 'DC2/ 0ifav-xGufav&JUwdkrIudk &ó3/ 0ifav-xGufav&JU tp-tv,f-tqHk; tukefvHk;udk oAÁum,4/ 0ifav-xGufavudk Nidrfatmif odrfarGUatmif Nidrf;atmif usifhjcif;

udk yórÇ,vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/

a,m*Dyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;[m tmemygeur®|mef;udk pwifpD;jzef;&mrSm0ifav-xGufavu &SnfaevQifvnf; &SnfaewJhtwdkif;odaeatmifçwdkaevQifvnf; wdkaewJhtwdkif;odaeatmif 0ifav-xGufavtm½kHay:rSm owdjrJaeatmif avhusifh&ygw,f/ 0ifav-xGufavtm½kHay:rSm owdu awmfawmfav; cdkifjrJvmwJhtcg 0ifav-xGufavu&SnfaevQifvnf; &SnfwJhtwdkif; tp-tv,f-tqHk; tukefvHk;udkxifxif&Sm;&Sm; odatmifç wdkaevQifvnf; wdkwJhtwdkif; tp-tv,f-tqHk; tukefvHk;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odatmif wpfqifhwufum avhusifh&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk avhusifhwJhtydkif;rSm 0ifav-xGufavudk &Snfatmifwdkatmif oufoufjyKjyifrI rvkyfygESifh? obm0twdkif;om &SnfvQif&SnfwJhtwdkif; wdkvQif wdkwJhtwdkif; odaeatmifom BudK;pm;yg/

0ifav-xGufavtm½kHay:rSm bm0empdwfu Nidrf0yfpGmuyfNyD;tcsdefMumMum wnfNidrfvmNyDqdkvQifawmh orm"d&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh0ifav-xGufav[m odrfarGUEl;nHhvmygvdrfhrnf? Nidrfoufvmygvdrfhrnf/ 'DvkdNidrfoufaewJh 0ifav-xGufavudk &SnfvQifvnf; &SnfwJhtwdkif; wdkvQifvnf; wdkwJhtwdkif; tp-tv,f-tqHk; tukefvHk;udkxifxif&Sm;&Sm; odatmifom qufvufBudK;pm;yg? orm"dudk cdkifcHhatmifqufvufxlaxmifyg/ odrfarGUaewJh avudk xif&Sm;atmif rjyKjyifygESifh/ odrfarGUaewJh avudk tp-tqHk; awmufavQmuf odaeatmifom BudK;pm;vsuf 0ifav-xGufavtm½kHay:rSm orm"dudk cdkifcHhatmif


qufvufxlaxmifaeyg/ orm"du wpfem&D ESpfem&Dponfjzifh xdkifwdkif;xdkifwdkif; 0ifav-xGufavtm½kHay:rSm Nidrf0yfpGmuyfNyD; wnfvmNyDqdkvQifawmh txufuajymcJhwJhtwdkif; 0ifav-xGufav[m tmemygeedrdwftoGifodkY ajymif;vJoGm;wwfygw,f/ ,if; tmemygeedrdwfudktm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufxlaxmifEdkifcJhvQif ,if;tmemygeedrdwf[m MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftoGifodkYa&muf&SdoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ ,if;tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tm½kH,lumorm"dudk qufvufxlaxmifEdkifcJhvQif txufuajymcJhwJhtwdkif;pwkw¬psmeform"dtxd qdkufa&mufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;wJhtcgrSm txl;ojzifh tmemygepwkw¬psmeformywfudk 0ifpm;aewJhtcgrSm 0ifoufav xGufoufav[m csKyfNidrf;wJhtqifhtxd a&muf&SdoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;udk tEkykAÁeda&m"okwåef213

ponfwdkYrSm bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

odkYaomf 0ifoufav xGufoufav csKyfNidrf;oGm;ayrJh pwkw¬psmeform"dudk tajccHum xif&Sm;jzpfay:aewJh MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfuawmh xif&Sm;wnf&SdvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/214

tttttmemygeymemygeymemygeymemygeymemygey##### dbm*eddbm*eddbm*eddbm*eddbm*edrrrrr dwfdwfdwfdwfdwfqqqqq dkwmdkwmdkwmdkwmdkwm

'Dae&mrSm xyf&Sif;jyzdkYuawmh vdkkvdrfhrnfxifygw,f/

yuwdaom 0ifoufav xGufoufavqdkwm [',0w¬K½kyfudkrSDwG,fjzpfay:aewJh pdwfwdkif; pdwfwdkif;aMumifh xif&Sm;jzpfay:aewJhpdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawG&JU taygif;tpkom jzpfygw,f/215 tmemygebm0213 (tH?3?208/) 214 (0dok'¨d?1?269/)215 tómoyómom pdwåork|mem0/ (0dok'd?1?346/) pdwåaZ tómo-

yómoaum|maoyd MoZ|ruaÍö0 oa'g pmwd e0/ (0dok'd?2?223??)


em orm"du tvGefpGrf;tifxufjrufvmwJhtcg ,if;pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawGrSm yg0ifaewJh 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½kHwdkY&JU taygif;tpkudk edrdwftoGifjzifhawGUjrifwwfygw,f/ odkYaomf 'DpdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawGESifh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfawG&JU ta&miftqif;awG[m udk,fwGif;tZÑwåoEÅmefrSmomxif&Sm;jzpfay:EdkifMuwJh w&m;rsKd;awG jzpfMuygw,f/ 'gayrJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyfwdkif; ½kyfuvmyfwdkif;rSm yg0ifaewJh Owkac:wJh awaZm"mwfwdkif; awaZm"mwfwdkif;uvnf; orm"dpGrf;tifu BuD;vQifBuD;ovdk½kyfuvmyfaygif;rsm;pGmudk jzpfay:apEdkifwJhpGrf;tm; &SdMuygw,f/ 'DOwkZ½kyfuvmyfawGrSm yg0ifaewJh 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½kHwdkY&JU taygif;tpkawG[mvnf; orm"dESifh,SOfwGJaewJh ÓPfu tmEkabmf BuD;vQifBuD;ovdkydkrdkum awmufywwfwJhoabm &SdMuygw,f/ 'DOwkZ½kyfuvmyfawGESifhOwkZ½kyfuvmyfwdkY&JUta&miftqif;awG[m tZÑwårSmomru A[d'¨txd ysHUESH Yum wnf&Sdaewwfygw,f/ a,m*D trsm;pkwdkY awGUjrifaeusjzpfwJh ESmoD;zsm; odkYr[kwf txufEIwfcrf; ywf0ef;usifwpfavQmufrSmwnf&SdaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfqdkwmuawmh ckajymcJhwJh OwkZ½kyfuvmyfawGxJrSm yg0ifwnf&SdaeMuwJh MunfvifawmufyaewJh 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½kHwdkY&JU taygif;tpkawGom jzpfMuygw,f/ odkYaomf 'Dtmem-ygeedrdwf trsKd;rsKd;ESihf tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfwdkY[mvnf; Oypm&orm"d tyÜemorm"dac:wJh pdwf"mwfawGudk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmMuwJhtwGuf 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmESifh r[m#DumwdkYu216 bm0emonmudk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmaMumif;udk zGifhqdk&Sif;vif;xm;awmfrlMuygw,f/ 'Dtmemygey#dbm*edrdwfwdkY[mvnf; pwkw¬psmef

216 {0H {uar0 ur®|meH onmemewm, emeawm Oy|mwd/ onZO§d{wH onmed'geH onmyb0H/ wo®m onmemewm, emeawmOy|mwDwd a0'dwAÁH/ (0dok'd¨?1?277/) onmemewm,monmemewm,monmemewm,monmemewm,monmemewm,mwd edrdwåK-y|meawm ykaAÁ0 y0wåonmeH emem0d"bm0awm/ (r[m#D?1?335/)


orm"duJhodkYaom psmeform"dudk tajccHum jzpfay:vmwJh edrdwfjzpfcJhvQif tvGefMunfvifawmufywwfwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgrSm a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf&JU 0ef;usifywfcsm t&yfq,frsufESmrSmvnf; ynma&mif (= ÓPfa&mif)vdkY ac:qdkwJh ta&miftvif;awG[mvnf; xif&Sm;wnf&SdaewwfMuygw,f/217

'gaMumihf bk&m;&Sifu 'Dpwkw¬psmefudk *kPfwifum csD;rGrf;awmfrlwJhtydkif;rSm y&da,m'gaw = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifwvufvufy&da,m'gaw = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifwvufvufy&da,m'gaw = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifwvufvufy&da,m'gaw = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifwvufvufy&da,m'gaw = NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf ta&mifwvufvufawmufyvwfaomfawmufyvwfaomfawmufyvwfaomfawmufyvwfaomfawmufyvwfaomf .. ponfjzifh NydK;NydK;jyufjyuf wvufvufawmufywJh ta&miftvif;&SdaMumif;udk *kPfwifum csD;rGrf;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/218

ararararar;j;j;j;j;jrrrrref;ef;ef;ef;ef;aaaaaewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh ewJh ararararar;;;;;ccccc Gef;wGef;wGef;wGef;wGef;wppppp f&yff&yff&yff&yff&yf

ck&Sif;jycJhwJhtwdkif; .. ESmoD;zsm; odkYr[kwf txufEIwfcrf;zsm;ywf0ef;usifrSm wnf&SdaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfESifhwuG tmemygeedrdwf trsKd;rsKd;wdkY[m orkwdopömenf;t& ajym&vQif yuwdaom0ifoufav xGufoufavqdkwJh tómo-yómovnf; r[kwf?y&rw¬opömenf;t& ajym&vQif 0ifoufav xGufoufav qdkwJh0ga,m"mwfvGefuJaewJh pdwåZ½kyfuvmyftrsm;pkwdkY&JU 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½kHwdkY&JU taygif;tpkvnf; r[kwf? pdwåZawaZm"mwf (= Owk)aMumifhxif&Sm;jzpfyGm;vmMuwJh OwkZ½kyfuvmyfawG&JU 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½kHwdkY&JUtaygif;tpkom jzpfcJhw,fqdkvQif 'Dvdk tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfESifhwuGaom tmemygeedrdwftrsKd;rsKd;awGudk tm½kH,lum ½IyGm;aewJhbm0emvkyfief;cGifudk tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;aeygw,fvdkY ajymqdkEdkifyghrvm;¿ 'guawmh ar;jref;wwfwJh ar;cGef;wpf&yfyJ jzpfygw,f/

217 (tH?1?456/) 218 ('D?1?72/ 0d?1?5/)


tajzudkawmh 0dok'dr*¾r[m#Dumu 'Dvdk &Sif;vif;ajzqdkxm;ygw,f/

yuwdaom 0ifoufav xGufoufavqdkwJh tómo-yómoudk trSDjyKum jzpfay:vmwJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfESifhwuGaomtmemygeedrdwftrsKd;rsKd;udkvnf; tómo-yómovdkYyJ ac:qdkEdkifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh yuwdaom 0ifoufav xGufoufavudk tm½kH,lum orm"dudk pepfwus xlaxmifvdkufwJhtcg &ifhusufvmwJhorm"d&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh yuwdaom 0ifoufav xGufoufavuedrdwftoGifodkY ajymif;vJoGm;wJhtcg bm0empdwfu ,if;edrdwftay:rSmuyfNyD;wnfaewwfygw,f/ tvGefodrfarGUaewJh yuwdaom 0ifouf-av xGufoufavudk tm½kHrjyKawmhbJ jzpfay:vmwJh edrdwfudk tm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufum xlaxmifvdkufvQif MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftoGifodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/,if;tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufumxlaxmifEdkifcJhvQif pwkw¬psmeform"dtxd qdkufa&mufoGm;Edkifygw,f/pwkw¬psmeform"dtcdkufrSm yuwd 0ifav xGufavu csKyfNidrf;oGm;ayr,fhvdkY tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfuawmh xif&Sm;wnf&SdvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/ 'Dy#dbm*edrdwfudkvnf; yuwd 0ifav xGufavudk trSDjyKumjzpfay:vmwJh edrdwfjzpfjcif;aMumifh tómo-yómovdkYyJ ac:qdkEdkifygw,f/ tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;aew,fvdkYyJ ac:qdkEdkifygw,f/219

"""""mwfumwfumwfumwfumwfurrrrr ®|mef;®|mef;®|mef;®|mef;®|mef;

'Dvdk tmemygeur®|mef;udk pwkw¬psmeform"dtxd qdkufatmif½IyGm;xm;EdkifwJh a,m*D&[ef;awmfwpfyg;udk a&SUodkYqufvufum0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rnfh tpDtpOfudk219 tómoyómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómo-

ornar0 0kwåH/ (r[m#D?1?319/)


bk&m;&Sifu r[mowdy|meokwåefrSm220 'Dvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

1/ tZÑwårSmvnf; um,ü um,vdkY tzefzef txyfxyf ½Iae&efç2/ A[d'¨rSmvnf; um,ü um,vdkY tzefzef txyfxyf ½Iae&efç3/ tZÑwå A[d'¨ - ESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSmvnf; um,ü um,vdkY tzefzef

txyfxyf ½Iae&ef ..bk&m;&Sifu qufvufum ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ y#dorÇd'g

r*¾ygVdawmfuvnf;221 'Dae&mrSm um,qdkwm ..

1/ ½lyum, (= ½kyfw&m;taygif;tpk)2/ emrum, (= emrfw&m;taygif;tpk) ..udk

qdkvdkaMumif;udk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'gaMumifha,m*D&[ef;awmf[m rdrd&&Sdxm;wJh tmemygepwkw¬psmeform"dudk0dyóem&JU tajcyg'upsmeftjzpf xlaxmifum tZÑwå A[d' oEÅmefESpfrsKd;pvkH;rSmyJ ½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;umodrf;qnf;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ ½kyfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;ykHpepfuawmha&SUydkif;rSm wifjycJhwJhtwdkif; "mwfur®|mef;udkyJ pwifum ½IyGm;&awmhrSmjzpfygw,f/ "mwfur®|mef;udk atmifatmifjrifjrif ½IyGm;EdkifvdkY ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcg emrfw&m;awGudkvnf; qufvufumodrf;qnf;ykHenf;pepfudk ñTefjyawmfrlvdkwJhtwGuf tmemyge 'kwd,pwkuúESifh wwd,pwkuúwdkYudk qufvufum a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/

220 £wd tZÑwåH 0g uma, um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? A[d'¨g 0g uma,um,mEkyóD 0d[&wd? tZÑwåA[d'¨g 0g uma, um,mEkyóD0d[&wd/ ('D?2?232/)

221 uma,muma,muma,muma,muma,mwd a'G um,m emruma,m p ½lyuma,m p/ (y#doH?181??)


''''' kwd,kwd,kwd,kwd,kwd,pppppwkuú (= a0'emEkywkuú (= a0'emEkywkuú (= a0'emEkywkuú (= a0'emEkywkuú (= a0'emEkyóem)))))

1/ yDwdy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?yDwdy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?yDwdy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?yDwdy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?yDwdy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?yDwdy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/yDwdy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/yDwdy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/yDwdy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/yDwdy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

2/ okcy#doHa0'D / y /okcy#doHa0'D / y /okcy#doHa0'D / y /okcy#doHa0'D / y /okcy#doHa0'D / y /3/ pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D / y /pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D / y /pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D / y /pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D / y /pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D / y /4/ yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H / y /yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H / y /yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H / y /yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H / y /yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H / y /222

1/ yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf 0ifavudk jzpfaptHhvdkY usifhyg?yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf xGufavudk jzpfaptHhvdkY usifhyg?

2/ okcudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf/ y /3/ pdwåocFg&udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf/ y /4/ pdwåocFg&udk Nidrf;apvsuf/ y /222

'Dae&mrSm yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odum touf½SLrIeJY ywfoufvdkYorxydkif; 0dyóemydkif; ESpfydkif;cGJNyD;awmh ajymMu&atmif/ orxydkif;uawmh 'Dvdkyg/

yDwdy# doHa0'D (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;)xydkif;)xydkif;)xydkif;)xydkif;)

tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tm½kHjyKum yDwdESifh,SOfwJh yxrpsmefç'kwd,psmefawGudk wpfckNyD; wpfck 0ifpm;w,f/ 'Dvdk 0ifpm;wJhyk*¾dKvf&JUoEÅmefrSm psmeformywfudk 0ifpm;aeqJcPrSm psmefudk&&SdaewJhtwGuftmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odaeygw,f/ 'DvdkodaewJhtwGufaMumifh tm½kHudk taMumif;jyKum 'Dyk*¾dKvf[m psmefyDwdudkxifxif&Sm;&Sm; odaeygw,f/ 'Dvdk psmefyDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odNyD;awmh touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQif tm½kHudk taMumif;jyKum yDwdudk

222 (oH?3?279/ 0d?1?88/ r?3?125/)


xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odaew,fvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odNyD;awmh touf½SLaeygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/

yDwdy# doHa0'D (0dyóemydkif;)(0dyóemydkif;)(0dyóemydkif;)(0dyóemydkif;)(0dyóemydkif;)

½kyfy&rwf emrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk y&rwfodkYqdkufatmif obm0rSeftwdkif; xdk;xGif;odwwfwJh ÓPf[m toar®m[ rnfygw,f/a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m yxrpsmef 'kwd,psmefwdkYudk 0ifpm;NyD;awmh psmefrSxum 'DpsmefESifh,SOfaewJh yDwdudka&m yDwdudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udka&m odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JUNydKNydKysufysuf ukefukefaysmufaysmufoGm;wwfwJhoabmudk ÓPfjzifhjrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh vu©Pma&;oHk;wef wpfvSnfhpD wifum0dyóem½IyGm;oHk;oyfw,f/ 'Da,m*Dyk*¾dKvf[m 0dyóemÓPftcdkufrSm'DyDwd&JU yDwdESifh ,SOfwGJaewJh psmefemrfw&m;awG&JU obm0vu©Pmomrnvu©PmawGudk xdk;xGif;odjrifaewJhtwGufaMumifh rawGra0odjcif;qdkwJh toar®m[oabmtm;jzifh yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odaew,f rnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk yDwdudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odNyD;awmh touf½SLaeygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/223

okcy#doHa0'D (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

orxydkif;rSm tmemygeyxrpsmef 'kwd,psmef wwd,psmefawGudktpOftwdkif; 0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifç 0dyóemydkif;rSmvnf; 'DpsmefawGESifh ,SOfaewJh okcudka&mç okcudk OD;wnfumpsmefemrfw&m;pkawGudka&m odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JU tysufudk tm½kH,lum vu©Pma&;oHk;wef wifNyD;awmh

223 (0dok'¨d?1?279/)


0dyóem½Ivsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQif okcudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odNyD;awmh touf½SLaeonf rnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk okcudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odNyD;awmh touf½SLaeygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/224

pdwåoc Fg&y#doHa0'D (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

orxydkif;rSm tmemygepsmef (4)yg;pvHk;udk tpOftwdkif; 0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifç 0dyóemydkif;rSmvnf; pdwåocFg&trnf&wJh a0'em onm w&m;ESpfyg;udka&m onmESifh,SOfaewJha0'emudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udk odrf;qnf;um,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JU tysufudk tm½kH,lNyD;awmh vu©Pmwifum0dyóem½Ivsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQif pdwåocFg&w&m;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odNyD;awmh touf½SLaeonf rnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk touf½SLEdkifatmif usifhygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/224

yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

orxydkif;rSm tmemygepsmef (4)yg;wdkYudk tpOftwdkif; 0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQif ½kefY&if;½kefY&if;wJh pdwåocFg&w&m;awGudk Nidrf;apvsuf csKyfapvsuf touf½SLaeonf rnfygw,f/0dyóemydkif;rSmvnf; 'Dpsmef (4)yg;wdkYudk toD;toD; 0ifpm;NyD;awmh,if;psmeftoD;toD;rS xwJhtcg a0'emudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;um ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JU tysufudk tm½kH,lNyD;awmh vu©Pmwifum 0dyóem½IaecJhrnfqdkvQif ½kefY&if;½kefY&if;wJhpdwåocFg&w&m;awGudk Nidrf;apvsuf csKyfapvsuf touf½SLaeonfrnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk touf½SLEdkifatmif usifhygvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/224

224 (0dok'¨d?1?280/)


yDwdy#doHa0'D-yk'frSm yDwdudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh a0'emudk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ okcy#doHa0'D-yk'frSmawmh okca0'emudk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ pdwåocFg& ESpfyk'fwdkYrSmawmh onm a0'emw&m;ESpfyg;[m pdwåocFg&rnfwJhtwGuf onmESifh,SOfwJh a0'emudkOD;wnfNyD;awmh a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D'kwd,pwkuúudk a0'emEkyóemenf;jzifh bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlw,fvdkYod&Sdyg/224

wwd,wwd,wwd,wwd,wwd,pppppwkuú wkuú wkuú wkuú wkuú (= a0'emEkyóem)óem)óem)óem)óem)

1/ pdwåy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?pdwåy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?pdwåy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?pdwåy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?pdwåy#doHa0'D tóodómrDwd odu©wd?pdwåy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/pdwåy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/pdwåy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/pdwåy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/pdwåy#doHa0'D yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

2/ tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH / y /tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH / y /tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH / y /tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH / y /tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH / y /3/ orm'[H pdwåH / y /orm'[H pdwåH / y /orm'[H pdwåH / y /orm'[H pdwåH / y /orm'[H pdwåH / y /4/ 0darmp,H pdwåH / y /0darmp,H pdwåH / y /0darmp,H pdwåH / y /0darmp,H pdwåH / y /0darmp,H pdwåH / y / 225

1/ psmefpdwfudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf 0ifavudk jzpfaptHhvdkY usifhyg??psmefpdwfudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf xGufavudk jzpfaptHhvdkY usifhyg??

2/ pdwfudk vGefpGm &Tifvef;wuf<u 0rf;ajrmufapvsuf/ y /

3/ pdwfudk tm½kHü tnDtñGwf aumif;pGmxm;vsuf/ y /

4/ pdwfudk qefYusifbufw&m;wdkYrS vGwfajrmufapvsuf/ y /

pdwåy# doHa0'D (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

orxydkif;rSm tmemygepsmef (4)yg;wdkYudk tpOftwdkif; 0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaew,f/ 0dyóemydkif;rSmvnf; ,if;psmeftoD;oD;udk0ifpm;NyD;awmh psmefrS xwdkif; xwdkif; ,if;psmefpdwfudka&mç psmefpdwfudk225 (oH?3?279/ 0d?1?88/ r?3?125/)


OD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udka&m odrf;qnf;um ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JUtysufudk jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh vu©Pmwifum0dyóem½Ivsuf touf½SLaecJhw,f/ 'Dvdk touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifpsmefpdwfudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odvsuf touf½SLaeonf rnfygw,f/ 'Dvdktouf½SLEdkifatmif usifhyg/

tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

orxydkif;rSm yDwdESifh,SOfaewJh tmemygeyxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaew,f/ yDwdESifh,SOfaewJh tmemyge'kwd,psmefudk0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaew,f/ 'DpsmefawGudk 0ifpm;aeqJcPrSmpsmefpdwfESifh,SOfwJh yDwdaMumifh psmefpdwf[m vGefpGm &Tifvef;wuf<u0rf;ajrmufvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/ 'Dvdk psmefyDwdjzifh psmefpdwfudk vGefpGm&Tifvef;wuf<u 0rf;ajrmufapum touf½SLaeyg/ touf½SLEdkifatmifusifhyg/

0dyóemydkif;rSmawmh yDwdESifh,SOfaewJh tmemygeyxrpsmefudk0ifpm;w,f/ 'DyxrpsmefrS xNyD;awmh psmefyDwdudka&mç psmefyDwdudkOD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udka&m odrf;qnf;um ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JUtysufudk jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh vu©Pm,mOfwifum 0dyóem½Iaew,f/ yDwdESifh,SOfaewJh tmemyge'kwd,psmefudk0ifpm;w,f/ 'D'kwd,psmefrS xNyD;awmh psmefyDwdudka&mç psmefyDwdudkOD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udka&m odrf;qnf;um ,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JUtysufudk jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh vu©Pm,mOfwifum 0dyóem ½Iaew,f/ 'Dvdk0dyóem½IaewJhtcdkufrSm psmefyDwdudka&mç psmefyDwdESifh ,SOfwJh psmefemrfw&m;awGudka&m tm½kHjyKae&wJhtwGuf ½IaewJh 0dyóempdwf[mvnf; vGefpGm &Tifvef;wuf<u


0rf;ajrmufvsufyJ &Sdaeygw,f/ 'Dvdk orxydkif;+0dyóemydkif; ESpfydkif;vkH;rSmyJ pdwfudk vGefpGm &Tifvef;wuf<u 0rf;ajrmufapum touf½SLEdkifatmif usifhyg? touf½SLaeyg/226

tvGef cspfcifjrwfEdk;tyfwJh jyHK;&TifaewJh rdwfaqGwpfOD;udk awGUjrif&wJhtcg awGUjrifae&ol rdrd&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; tjyHK;yef;rsm; yGifhvef;vmovdkyJ rSwfyg/

ooooorrrrrmmmmm'''''[H [H [H [H [H pdwåH (o(o(o(o(orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

pdwfudk tm½kHay:rSm aumif;aumif;xm;um touf½SLyHkrSmvnf;orxydkif; 0dyóemydkif;vdkY ESpfydkif;yJ &Sdaeygw,f/

orxydkif;rSm tmemygeyxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;vsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifç 'kwd,psmefudk 0ifpm;vsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifçwwd,psmefudk0ifpm;vsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQifç pwkw¬psmefudk0ifpm;vsuf touf½SLaecJhrnfqdkvQif -- 'DpsmefawG&JU tm½kHjzpfwJhtvGefMunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSmpsmefpdwfudk tnDtñGwf aumif;pGm xm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaeonfyJrnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk touf½SLEdkifatmif usifhyg? touf½SLaeyg/

'Dae&mrSm &Sif;vif;jyzdkY vdktyfaeygw,f/ tmemygepwkw¬psmeformywftcdkufrSm toufuawmh r½SLyg/ 'Dvdk toufr½SLygbJvsufbmaMumifh tmemygepwkw¬psmefudk 0ifpm;NyD;awmh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSm psmefpdwfudk aumif;pGmxm;um touf½SL&ef ñTefMum;ae&ygovJvdkY ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ tajzuawmh 'Dvdkyg/ --- tómo-tómo-tómo-tómo-tómo-yómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómoornar0yómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómoornar0yómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómoornar0yómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómoornar0yómao edóm, OyÜEéedrdwåarÜw¬ tómoyómoornar00kwåH?0kwåH?0kwåH?0kwåH?0kwåH?227 qkdwJh r[m#DumtzGifhESifhtnD tómo yómoudk trSDjyKNyD;

226 (0dok'¨d?1?280-281/) 227 (r[m#D?1?319/)


awmh jzpfay:vmwJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwf[mvnf; tmemyge trnf&onfom jzpfwJhtwGuf tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tm½kHjyKaejcif;[mvnf; tmemygeudkyJ tm½kHjyKaeonf rnfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Dvdk zGifhqdkoGm;jcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/

0dyóemydkif;udk qufajymMu&atmif ../

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Edkifatmif usifhyg/228

0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;0dyóemydkif;rrrrr Sm Sm Sm Sm Sm qqqqq dkvdkwJh dkvdkwJh dkvdkwJh dkvdkwJh dkvdkwJh cPcPcPcPcP duoduoduoduoduorrrrrmmmmm""""" dd dd d

'Dae&mrSm owdjyKoifhwJh tcsufwpfckawmh &Sdygw,f/ tmemygepsmef toD;toD;udk 0ifpm;NyD;awmh psmefrS xum psmefpdwfudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh psme"r® trnf&wJh psmefocFg&w&m;awGudk 0dyóem½IaecdkufrSmocFg&w&m;awG&JU tedpötjcif;t&m pwJh tjcif;t&m wpfrsKd;rsKd;tay:rSm Nidrf0yfpGmuyfNyD;awmh wnfaewJh orm"dudkom cPdupdawåu*¾wm(= cPduorm"d)vdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dtcsufudkawmh owdjyK rSwfom;xm;yg/ 0dyóemydkif;rSm qdkvdkwJh cPduorm"d[m b,favmuftqifhtwef; jrifhrm;aew,fqdkwmudk rSwfom;xm;apvdkygw,f/

0d0d0d0d0darararararmmmmmppppp,H ,H ,H ,H ,H ppppp dwåH (odwåH (odwåH (odwåH (odwåH (orrrrrxydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)xydkif;+0dyóemydkif;)

pdwfudk qefYusifbufw&m;awGrS vGwfajrmufapNyD;awmh touf½SLaeyg/ 'Dae&mrSmvnf; orxydkif; 0dyóemydkif;vdkY ESpfydkif;yJ &Sdygw,f/orxydkif;rSm yxrpsmefjzifh eD0&Pw&m;wdkYrS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsufç 'kwd,psmefjzifh 0dwuf 0dpm&wdkYrSç wwd,psmefjzifh yDwdrSç

228 wmed 0g ye psmemed ormyZÆdwGm 0k|m, psmeorÜ,kwåH pdwåH c,awm0,awm orÜóawm 0dyóemu©aP vu©Py#da0a"e OyÜZÆwdcPdupdawåu*¾wm/ {0H OyÜEém, cPdupdawåu*¾wm, 0aoeydtm&r®aP pdwåH orH tm'[aEÅm orH XayaEÅm ]]orm'[H pdwåHtóodómrd yóodómrDwd odu©wD}}wd 0kpöwd/ (0dok'd?1?281/)cPdupdawåu*¾wmcPdupdawåu*¾wmcPdupdawåu*¾wmcPdupdawåu*¾wmcPdupdawåu*¾wmwd cPrwå|dwdaum orm"d/ aomyd [d tm&r®aPed&EÅ&H {umuma&e y0wårmaem y#dyau©e tebdblawm tyÜdawm0d, pdwåH edpövH Xaywd/ awe 0kwåH ]]{0H OyÜEém,m}}wdtm'd/

(r[m#D?1?342/)


pwkw¬psmefjzifh okc 'ku©wdkYrS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuf 'DpsmefawGudk0ifpm;NyD;awmh touf½SLaeyg/

0dyóemydkif;rSmawmh 'DpsmefawGudk 0ifpm;NyD;awmh psmefrSxumpsmefpdwfudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh psmefemrfw&m;tm;vHk;udk odrf;qnf;um,if;psmefemrfw&m;awG&JU ukefwwf ysufwwfwJhoabmudk jrifatmifMunfhNyD;awmh 0dyóem½Iaeyg/ 'Dvdk 0dyóem½IaewJh a,m*Dyk*¾dKvf&JUtedpömEkyóemÓPftedpömEkyóemÓPftedpömEkyóemÓPftedpömEkyóemÓPftedpömEkyóemÓPfjzifh edpöonmrS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuftouf½SLaew,f/ tvm;wlyJ 'ku©mEkyóemÓPf'ku©mEkyóemÓPf'ku©mEkyóemÓPf'ku©mEkyóemÓPf'ku©mEkyóemÓPfjzifh okconmrSçtewåmEkyóemÓPftewåmEkyóemÓPftewåmEkyóemÓPftewåmEkyóemÓPftewåmEkyóemÓPfjzifh twåonmrS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuftouf½SLaew,f/ 'Dvdk vu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifum 0dyóem½IaewJhtwGuf ocFg&w&m;awGtay:rSm NiD;aiGUwJh tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfaewJh edAÁd'gEkyóemÓPfedAÁd'gEkyóemÓPfedAÁd'gEkyóemÓPfedAÁd'gEkyóemÓPfedAÁd'gEkyóemÓPfjzifh ocFg&w&m;awGtay:rSm ESpfouf&Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufpGmjzifh wG,fwmrufarmwwfwJh eED&m*rS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuf touf½SLaew,f/ ocFg&w&m;awG&JU ysufjcif; (= bif)udktm½kH,lum tzefzef txyfxyf vu©Pm,mOf oHk;wef wifum0dyóem½IaewJhtwGuf ocFg&w&m;wdkYtay:rSm wyfrufjcif;uif;wJhtjcif;t&mtm;jzifh jzpfaewJh 0d&m*gEkyóemÓPf[m jzpfay:vmygw,f/ tJ'D 0d&m*gEkyóemÓPf0d&m*gEkyóemÓPf0d&m*gEkyóemÓPf0d&m*gEkyóemÓPf0d&m*gEkyóemÓPfjzifh &m*rS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuf touf½SLaew,f/ ocFg&w&m;awG&JU cPtm;jzifh csKyfjcif;(= bif)udk ½IaewJh eda&m"mEkyóemÓPfeda&m"mEkyóemÓPfeda&m"mEkyóemÓPfeda&m"mEkyóemÓPfeda&m"mEkyóemÓPfjzifh jzpfjcif; (= ork',)rSpdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuf touf½SLaew,f/ ocFg&w&m;awG&JUysufjcif; (= bif)udk vu©Pm,mOfwifum tzefzef txyfxyf ½IaewJhtwGuf udavomawGudk w'*Ftm;jzifh pGefYy,fwJhtjcif;t&mtm;jzifhjzpfaewJhç edAÁmefudk ñGwfudkif;½Idif;wJhtaetm;jzifh ajy;0ifwwfwJhy#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPfy#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPfy#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPfy#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPfy#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPfjzifh ocFg&w&m;awGudk edpö ponfjzifh pGJ,ljcif;tm'gerS pdwfudk vGwfajrmufapvsuf touf½SLaew,f/


'Dvdk touf½SLEdkifcJhrnfqdkvQif qefYusifbufw&m;wdkYrS pdwfudkvGwfajrmufapvsuf touf½SLaeonfyJ rnfygw,f/ 'Dvdk touf½SLEdkifatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfyg/229

'Dwwd,pwkuúudk pdwåmEkyóem&JU tpGrf;jzifh bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;xm;awmfrlw,fvdkY od&Sdygav/229

pppppwkwkwkwkwkw¬pw¬pw¬pw¬pw¬pwkuú (= wkuú (= wkuú (= wkuú (= wkuú (= "r"r"r"r"r ®mEky®mEky®mEky®mEky®mEkyóem)

1/ tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?tedpömEkyóD tóodómrDwd odu©wd?tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/tedpömEkyóD yóodómrDwd odu©wd/

2/ 0d&m*gEkyóD / y /0d&m*gEkyóD / y /0d&m*gEkyóD / y /0d&m*gEkyóD / y /0d&m*gEkyóD / y /3/ eda&m"mEkyóD / y /eda&m"mEkyóD / y /eda&m"mEkyóD / y /eda&m"mEkyóD / y /eda&m"mEkyóD / y /4/ y#dedó*¾gEkyóD / y /y#dedó*¾gEkyóD / y /y#dedó*¾gEkyóD / y /y#dedó*¾gEkyóD / y /y#dedó*¾gEkyóD / y /230

1/ ocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpövdkY tzefzef txyfxyf ½INyD;awmh0ifoufavudk jzpfay:vmatmif usifhw,f/ ocFg&w&m;awGudktedpövdkY tzefzef txyfxyf ½INyD;awmh xGufoufavudk jzpfay:vmatmif usifhw,f/

2/ ocFg&w&m;awG&JU ysufjcif;bifESifh &m*&JUuif;jywf&m edAÁmefudktzefzef txyfxyf ½INyD;awmh (0d&m*gEkyóem)/ y /

3/ ocFg&w&m;awG&JU cPtm;jzifh csKyfjcif; cPbifESifh &m*&JUcsKyf&medAÁmefudk tzefzef txyfxyf ½INyD;awmh (eda&m"mEkyóem)/ y /

4/ udavomwdkYudk w'*Ftm;jzifh pGefYvTwfwwfwJh 0dyóemÓPfçorkapä'tm;jzifh t<uif;rJh pGefYvTwfwwfwJh t&d,r*fÓPfESifhjynfhpHkatmif ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JU ysufjcif;bifESifh ocFg&w&m;wdkY&JUcsKyf&m ocFg&w&m;wdkYudk pGefYvTwf&m edAÁmefudk tzefzef txyfxyf

229 (0dok'¨d?1?281??) 230 (oH?3?279/ 0d?1?88/ r?3?125/)


½INyD;awmh 0ifoufavudk jzpfay:vmatmif / y / xGufoufavudkjzpfay:vmatmif usifhw,f/230

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tedpömEkyóD = = = = = tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ½INyvdkY ½INyvdkY ½INyvdkY ½INyvdkY ½INy DD DD D;;;;;aaaaawmh wmh wmh wmh wmh tttttouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLaaaaaeygeygeygeygeyg

tedpöEÅd yÍöu©E¨m

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£w&med ye wDPd pwkuúmed {w¬ ywåZÑmeó a0'em-pdwå-"r®mEkyóem0aoe 0kwåmed/ (0dok'd?1?269/)


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1/ cEmig;yg; ½kyfemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wwfwJh ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwfwJh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfç

2/ taMumif;w&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wwfwJh ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lwwfwJh ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf ..

'DÓPfESpfyg;udk &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk &&SdEdkifa&;twGufa,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf[m rdrd&&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfwJh tmemygepwkw¬psmefudk 0dyóem&JU tajcyg'upsmeftjzpf orm"dxlaxmifum ..

1/ ½kyfur®|mef;ydkif;ç2/ emrfur®|mef;ydkif;ç3/ y#dpöorkyÜg'fydkif;ç4/ vu©Pm'dpwkuúydkif; ..

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232 (0dok'¨d?1?281/)


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0d&m*g0d&m*g0d&m*g0d&m*g0d&m*gEkyóD = 0d&m*o= 0d&m*o= 0d&m*o= 0d&m*o= 0d&m*oaaaaabmudk ½INybmudk ½INybmudk ½INybmudk ½INybmudk ½INy DD DD D;;;;;aaaaawmh wmh wmh wmh wmh tttttouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLouf½SLaaaaaeygeygeygeygeyg

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233 0d&m*gEkyóD0d&m*gEkyóD0d&m*gEkyóD0d&m*gEkyóD0d&m*gEkyóDwd {w¬ ye a'G 0d&m*g c,0d&ma*g p tpöEÅ0d&ma*g p/ww¬ c,0d&ma*gwd ocFg&meH cPba*Fg/ tpöEÅ0d&ma*gtpöEÅ0d&ma*gtpöEÅ0d&ma*gtpöEÅ0d&ma*gtpöEÅ0d&ma*gwd edAÁmeH/0d&m*gEkyóem0d&m*gEkyóem0d&m*gEkyóem0d&m*gEkyóem0d&m*gEkyóemwd w'kb,'óe0aoe y0wåm 0dyóem p ra*¾gp/ wm, 'k0d"m,yd tEkyóem, orEém*awm [kwGm tóoaEÅmyóoaEÅm p ]]0d&m*gEkyóD tóodómrd yóodómrDwd odu©wD}}wda0'dwaAÁm/ eda&m"mEkyóDeda&m"mEkyóDeda&m"mEkyóDeda&m"mEkyóDeda&m"mEkyóDya'yd {ao0 ea,m/ (0dok'd?1?282/)


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234 y#dedó*¾gEkyóDy#dedó*¾gEkyóDy#dedó*¾gEkyóDy#dedó*¾gEkyóDy#dedó*¾gEkyóDwd {w¬myd a'G y#dedó*¾g y&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾g p yu©Ee-y#dedóa*¾g p/ y#dedóa*¾ga,0 tEkyóem y#dedó*¾gEkyóem/0dyóemr*¾geH {wr"d0peH/0dyóem [d w'*F0aoe o'ð cE¨mbdocFga&[d udavao y&dpöZwd?ocFwa'go'óaee p wAÁdy&Daw edAÁmae wEédEéwm, yu©E´wDwdy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾g ap0 yu©Eey#dedóa*¾gyu©Eey#dedóa*¾gyu©Eey#dedóa*¾gyu©Eey#dedóa*¾gyu©Eey#dedóa*¾gwd p 0kpöwd/ ra*¾gra*¾gra*¾gra*¾gra*¾g orkapä'-0aoe o' ð cEmbdocFga&[d udavao y&dpöZwd? tm&r®Pu&aPep edAÁmae yu©E´wDwd y&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾gy&dpöm*y#dedóa*¾g ap0 yu©Eéy#dedóa*¾gyu©Eéy#dedóa*¾gyu©Eéy#dedóa*¾gyu©Eéy#dedóa*¾gyu©Eéy#dedóa*¾gwdp 0kpöwd/ Ob,rÜd ye yk&dryk&drnmPmeH tEktEkyóeawmtEkyóemtEkyóemtEkyóemtEkyóemtEkyóemwd 0kpöwd/ wm, 'k0d"m,yd y#dedó*¾gEkyóem, orEém-*awm [kwGm tóoaEÅm yóoaEÅm p ]]y#dedó*¾gEkyóD tó-odómrd yóodómrDwd odu©wD}}wd a0'dwaAÁm/ (0dok'd?1?282/)


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'gaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu tmemygeur®|mef;&JU tusKd;*kPftiftmedoifudk 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

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apEdkifygw,f/235

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235 tmemygeówd bdu©a0 bm0dwm A[kvDuwm pwåma&m owdy|maey&dyla&EÅd? pwåma&m owdy|mem bm0dwm A[kvDuwm owå aAmZÑa*Fy&dyla&EÅd? owå aAmZÑ*Fg bm0dwm A[kvDuwm 0dZÆm0drkwåð y&dyla&EÅd/(r?3?124/)

236 tedpöonm bma0wAÁm to®drmeork*¢gwm,/ tedpöondaem [d?arCd,? tewåonm oP²mwd? tewåonD to®drmeork*¢gwHygykPmwd 'da|0 "ar® edAÁme}}EÅd/ (O'ge?120/)


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txufu tBudrfBudrf &Sif;jyxm;cJhNyD;wJhtwdkif; umv (3)yg;çoEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;awG[m vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum ½IyGm;&rnfh 0dyóemÓPfawG&JU t½IcHtm½kHawG jzpfMuygw,f/ 'DocFg&w&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ½Iae½kHoufoufrQjzifhvnf; t&d,r*fodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkif? 'ku©vdkY ½Iae½kHoufoufrQjzifhvnf; t&d,r*fodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkif? tewåvdkY ½Iae½kHoufoufrQjzifhvnf; t&d,r*fodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkif/ 'gaMumifh &Hcg tedpövdkYç &Hcg 'ku©vdkYç &Hcg tewåvdkY 'DvdkvSnfhvnfNyD;awmh 0dyóem½IyGm;&ygw,f/237

'Dvdk ocFg&w&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wpfvSnfhpD wifum0dyóemudk xyfumxyfum ½IyGm;okH;oyfvdkufwJhtcg tEkyóemÓPfokH;rsKd;pvkH;[m wjznf;jznf; pGrf;tifawG tm;aumif;vmygvdrfhrnf?pGrf;tifawG jynfh0pkHnDvmygvdrfhrnf/

1/ pGrf;tifjynfh0pkHnDaeMuwJh 'ku©mEkyóemÓPf tewåmEkyóemÓPfESpfrsKd;wdkY&JU tm;BuD;aomrSD&m Oyedó,ypö,owådjzifhaus;Zl;jyKay;rI t&Sdeft0gowådxl;BuD;udk qufcHae&wJh tedpömEkyóemÓPf[mvnf; ydkrdkí pGrf;tifawG jynfh0pkHnDvmygw,f? xufjrufpl;&Svmygw,f? &J&ifhvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk pGrf;tifjynfh0pkHnDvmwJh pGrf;tifBuD;rm;vmwJh xufjruf pl;&SvmwJh &J&ifhvmwJh tedpömEkyóemÓPfuocFg&w&m;awGtay:rSm ]ig ig}vdkY wuf<uaxmifvTm;aewJh rmepGJudky,fcGmEdkifygw,f/ jzpfNyD;wmeJY ysufaewJh ocFg&w&m;tpktykHoufoufudkom awGUjrifae&wJhtwGuf ]ig} qdkwJh oabmw&m;udk&SmazGrawGU&SdawmhwJhtwGufaMumifhyJ jzpfygw,f/

237 (0dok'¨d?2?301/)


2/ tvm;wlyJ pGrf;tifjynfh0pkHnDaeMuwJh tedpömEkyóemÓPftewåmEkyóemÓPf ESpfrsKd;wdkY&JU tm;BuD;aomrSD&m Oyedó,ypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;jyKay;rI t&Sdeft0gowådxl;BuD;udk qufcHae&wJh 'ku©m-EkyóemÓPf[mvnf; ydkrdkí pGrf;tifawG jynfh0pkHnDvmygw,f?xufjrufpl;&Svmygw,f? &J&ifhvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk pGrf;tifjynfh0pkHnDvmwJhpGrf;tifBuD;rm;vmwJh xufjrufpl;&SvmwJh &J&ifhvmwJh 'ku©mEkyóemÓPfu ocFg&w&m;awGtay:rSm ]igh[m igh[m}vdkY pGJaewJh wPSmpGJ(= eduEÅd)udk ukefcef;apEdkifygw,f/ ]ig} ESifh ]igh[m} ESpfrsKd;pvkH;udk 'DocFg&w&m;awGxJrSm &SmazGvdkY rawGU&SdawmhwJhtwGufaMumifhyJ jzpfygw,f/

3/ tvm;wlyJ pGrf;tifjynfh0pkHnDaeMuwJh tedpömEkyóemÓPf'ku©mEkyóemÓPf ESpfrsKd;wdkY&JU tm;BuD;aomrSD&m Oyedó,ypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;jyKay;rI t&Sdeft0gowådxl;BuD;udk qufcHae&wJh tewåmEkyóemÓPf[mvnf; ydkrdkí pGrf;tifawG jynfh0pkHnDvmygw,f?xufjrufpl;&Svmygw,f? &J&ifhvmygw,f/ 'Dvdk pGrf;tifjynfh0 pkHnDvmwJhpGrf;tifBuD;rm;vmwJh xufjrufpl;&SvmwJh &J&ifhvmwJh tewåmEkyóemÓPfu ocFg&w&m;awGtay:rSm twåaumifvdkY pGJaewJh -- 'd|dpGJt,lrSm;udk y,fcGmEdkifygw,f/238 'DocFg&w&m;awGxJrSm twåudk&SmazGvdkY rawGU&SdawmhwJhtwGufaMumifhyJ jzpfygw,f/

<uif;usefaeMuao;wJh orxur®|mef;trsKd;rsKd;awG[mvnf;udavomawmcsKHykwfudk &Sif;vif;wdkufzsufa&;twGuf tm;BuD;aomrSD&m Oyedó,ypö,owådjzifh aus;Zl;jyKay;EdkifMuwJh or®morm"dtrnf&wJh w&m;awGcsnf; jzpfMuygw,f/ tmumouodkPf;rSwpfyg; usefuodkPf; (9)yg;wdkYudk pepfwus yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfcJhrnfqdkvQif ormywf(8)yg;pDtxd aygufa&mufEdkifMuonfcsnf;om jzpfygw,f/ 'Dormywf

238 (0dok'd?2?264/ r[m#D?2?416/)


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239 ]]£wd oDvH £wd orm"d £wd ynm/ oDvy&dbm0dawm orm"dr[yæavm a[mwd r[medoHaom/ orm"dy&dbm0dwm ynm r[yævma[mwd r[medoHom/ ynmy&dbm0dwH pdwåH or®a'0 tmoa0[d0drkpöwd? ao,sxd'H - umrmo0g? b0go0g? t0dZÆmo0g}}wd/ ('D?2?69??)


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Za[,s oAÁoHa,m*H? ua&,s o&Pwåaem/Za[,s oAÁoHa,m*H? ua&,s o&Pwåaem/Za[,s oAÁoHa,m*H? ua&,s o&Pwåaem/Za[,s oAÁoHa,m*H? ua&,s o&Pwåaem/Za[,s oAÁoHa,m*H? ua&,s o&Pwåaem/pa&,sm'dwåoDaom0? yw¬,H tpöKwH y'H/pa&,sm'dwåoDaom0? yw¬,H tpöKwH y'H/pa&,sm'dwåoDaom0? yw¬,H tpöKwH y'H/pa&,sm'dwåoDaom0? yw¬,H tpöKwH y'H/pa&,sm'dwåoDaom0? yw¬,H tpöKwH y'H/240

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240 (oH?2?117)


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or*¾geH wayg okacg or*¾geH wayg okacg or*¾geH wayg okacg or*¾geH wayg okacg or*¾geH wayg okacg ] 317 317 317 317 317

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241 (0denf;plV0g?392/)


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245 (r?3?192/)


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bk&m;&Sifvnf; qGrf;pm;jcif;udpö NyD;qkH;awmfrlNyD;wJhtcg ausmif;tdyf&mae&mwdkYudk odkrSD;odrf;qnf;awmfrlNyD;aemuf ygvdav,suawmtkyfbufodkY wmplum c&D;a'opm&D <ucsDawmfrlcJhygw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgrSmt&Sifb*krax&fjrwf[m Oygvdol<u,f tydkifpm;&xm;wJh AmvuavmPum&trnf&wJh &Gmudk qGrf;cH&Gmtjzpf trSDjyKum awmtkyfwpfcktwGif;rSm wpfyg;xD;wnf; oDwif;okH;awmfrlvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/bk&m;&Sifvnf; *dkPf;taygif;azmfawGeJY ae&jcif;ü tjypfudk ½IjrifawmfrlwJhtwGuf wpfyg;xD;wnf; arGUavsmfaejcif;&JU csrf;omokcudk Munhf½IawmfrlvdkwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifh t&Sifb*kxHodkY <ua&mufawmfrlcJhygw,f/oifhavsmfwJh w&m;pum;rsm;jzifhvnf; t&Sifb*krax&ftm; tqkH;trMo0g'rsm;udk ay;oem;awmfrlcJhygw,f/247

xdkrSwpfqifh .. t&SiftEk½k'¨g t&SifeE´d, t&Sifudrdv rax&fjrwfBuD;okH;yg;wdkY oDwif;okH;aexdkifawmfrl&mjzpfwJh apwdwdkif; ygpde0Hoapwdwdkif; ygpde0Hoapwdwdkif; ygpde0Hoapwdwdkif; ygpde0Hoapwdwdkif; ygpde0Ho'g,'g,'g,'g,'g,trnf&wJh awmtkyfBuD;bufodkY wmplum .. nDñGwfaeolwdkY&JUtnDtñGwfusifhaewJh usifh0wfy#dywfudk jrifawGUawmfrlvdkwJhtwGufqufvufum c&D;a'opm&D <ucsDawmfrlcJhygw,f/

rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY oDwif;okH;&mae&modkY a&muf&SdawmfrlNyD;wJhtcgoifhwifhavsmufywfwJhae&mrSm xdkifawmfrlNyD;aemuf ajymoifhajymxdkufwJh EIwfcGef;qufpum;rsm;udk ajymqdkawmfrlMuygw,f/ xdkYaemif bk&m;&Sifu t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwfudk pwifum ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

246 (0denf;r[m0g?|?431/) 247 (r?|?4?147/)


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'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

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tJ'DtcgrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; ]]cspfom; tEk½k'¨gwdkY ...oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawG[m b,fykHb,fyef; b,fenf;vrf;tm;jzifhnDnDñGwfñGwf aexdkifaeMuygovJ¿ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY aexdkifaeMuygovJ¿ wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; jiif;ckHrIr&SdbJ aexdkifaeMuygovJ¿EGm;EdkYESifha&a&mouJhodkY tnDtñGwf aexdkifaeMuygovJ¿ tcsif;csif;wpfyg;uwpfyg;udk cspfjrwfEdk;wJhrsufvkH;awGeJY Munfh½Ium aexdkifaeMuygovJ¿}} 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu xyfrHum ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

'Dvdk ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufwJhtcgrSm t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwfuolwdkY aexdkifykHenf;pepfudk jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;vdkufygw,f/


jrwfpGmbk&m; ...wynfhawmftEk½k'g&JUoEÅmefrSm ..]]'Dvdk rGefjrwfwJh oDwif;okH;azmfawGeJY twlaexdkif&jcif;[m ightm; t&awmfavpG..ig[m trSefwu,ftm;jzifh 'Dvdk rGefjrwfwJh oDwif;okH;azmfawGeJYtwlaexdkif&wJh &[ef;b0rsKd;udk aumif;pGm &tyfygaypG ..}} 'DvdkompdwftMuHtpnf jzpfaeygw,f .. jrwfpGmbk&m; ../

jrwfpGmbk&m; ... wynfhawmftEk½k'g&JUoEÅmefrSm.. ]]'DoDwif;okH;azmf t&SifjrwfwdkY&JUtay:ü rsufarSmufrSma&m rsufuG,frSma&mum,uHarwåm[m a&SU½Iwnfaeygw,f .. rsufarSmufrSma&m rsufuG,frSma&m 0pDuHarwåm[mvnf; a&SU½Iwnfaeygw,f ..rsufarSmufrSma&m rsufuG,frSma&m raemuHarwåm[mvnf; a&SU½Iwnfaeygw,f..}} 'Dvdk arwåmeJY,SOfwJh pdwftMuHtpnfom jzpfay:aeygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ../

jrwfpGmbk&m; ... wynfhawmftEk½k'¨g&JUoEÅmefrSm.. ]]ig[mrdrd&JU pdwftvdkqE´udk ab;z,fxm;vdkufNyD;awmh 'DoDwif;okH;azmft&SifjrwfwdkY&JU pdwftvdkqEtwdkif;om tpOfvdkufemjyKusifhum aexdkif&vQif aumif;avpG ..}}qdkwJh 'Dvdk pdwftMuHtpnfrsKd;om xif&Sm;jzpfay:aeygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ../

jrwfpGmbk&m; ... wynfhawmftEk½k'g[m rdrd&JU pdwftvdkqEudkab;z,fxm;vdkufNyD;awmh 'DoDwif;okH;azmf t&SifjrwfwdkY&JU pdwftvdkqE´twdkif;om tpOfvdkufemjyKusifhum aexdkifygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ../

jrwfpGmbk&m; ... wynfhawmfwdkY&JU cE¨mudk,fawG[m wpfyg;pDwpfyg;pD uGJjym;aeMuayr,fhvdkY pdwf"mwfuawmh wpfckwnf;omjzpfaeygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ../


'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

t&SifeE´d,rax&fjrwfESifh t&Sifudrdvrax&fjrwfwdkYuvnf;ykHpHwlyJ bk&m;&Siftm; wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

'Dvdk avQmufxm;NyD;wJhtcg ..

jrwfpGmbk&m; ... 'Dvdk aexdkifykHenf;pepfjzifh wynfhawmfwdkYwpfawG[m nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY aexdkifaeMuygw,f? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJYaexdkifaeMuygw,f? wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg; jiif;ckHrIr&SdbJ aexdkifaeMuygw,f?EGm;EdkYESifha&a&mouJhodkY tnDtñGwf aexdkifaeMuygw,f? tcsif;csif;wpfyg;uwpfyg;udk cspfjrwfEdk;wJhrsufvkH;awGeJY Munfh½Ium aexdkifaeMuygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ..}} 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;vdkufMuygw,f/

om"k om"k tEk½k'¨gµ

]]cspfom; tEk½k'gwdkY ...aumif;avpG aumif;avpG}}[k bk&m;&Sifu MunfEl;0rf;ajrmufpGmjzifh om"kac:qdkawmfrlygw,f/248

'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkifu MunfEl;0rf;ajrmufpGmjzifh om"kac:qdkxm;awmfrlwJh olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU aexdkifykHenf;pepfudkawmh -at;jrwJh t&dyftm0go&SdwJh &wemokH;yg;qdkwJh opfyifBuD;&JU at;jrwJht&dyftm0goatmufrSm --- csrf;omokct00udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tifawGjynfh0pkHvifaewJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfqdkwJh r*¾if&Spfyg; usifhpOfw&m;awGudk vma&mufum usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeMuwJh olawmfaumif;wdkif; olawmfaumif;wdkif;[m twk,lum vkdufemjyKusifhoifhvSygw,f/

aemufxyf qufvufum bk&m;&Sifu ar;jref;awmfrljyeffw,f/

248 (r?3?194/)


]]cspfom; tEk½k'¨gwdkY ... oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawG[m orx0dyóemqdkwJh ukodkvfw&m;wdkYü rarhavsmhjcif; tyÜrm'w&m;udkvufudkifxm;NyD;awmh aexdkifMuyg&JUvm;¿ 'Dvdk orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk rarhravsmh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSmvnf; udavomawGudk ylyefapwwf avmifuRrf;apwwfwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh or®yÜ"mefvkHYv0D&d,awGudk jr§ifhwifum BudK;pm;tm;xkwfNyD; aexdkifMuyg&JUvm;¿'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSmvnf; edAÁmefodkY apvTwfxm;wJhpdwf"mwfjzifh orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfNyD;awmhaexdkifMuyg&JUvm;¿}} 'Dvdk qufvufum ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

]]jrwfpGmbk&m; ... wynfhawmfwdkYwpfawG[m wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh orx 0dyóemqdkwJh ukodkvfw&m;wdkYü rarhavsmhjcif;tyÜrm'w&m;udk vufudkifxm;NyD;awmh aexdkifMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk orx0dyóembm0emawGudk rarhravsmh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSmvnf;udavomawGudk ylyefapwwf avmifuRrf;apwwfwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJhor®yÜ"mefvkHYv0D&d,awGudk jr§ifhwifum BudK;pm;tm;xkwfNyD; aexdkifMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSmvnf; edAÁmefodkY apvTwfxm;wJhpdwf"mwfjzifh orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk yGm;rsm; tm;xkwfNyD;awmh aexdkifMuygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ..}} 'Dvdk qufvufum wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

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MuygovJ¿ 'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSmvnf; b,fykHb,fyef;b,fenf;vrf;tm;jzifh edAÁmefodkY apvTwfxm;wJhpdwf"mwfjzifh orx0dyóembm0emawGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfNyD;awmh aexdkifMuygovJ¿}}'Dvdk qufvufum ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

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0dyóemqdkwJh ukodkvfw&m;wdkYü rarhavsmhjcif; tyÜrm'w&m;udkvufudkifxm;NyD;awmh aexdkifMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk rarhravsmh BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJhtcgrSmvnf; udavomawGudkylyefapwwf avmifuRrf;apwwfwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJh or®yÜ"mefvkHYv0D&d,awGudk jr§ifhwifum BudK;pm;tm;xkwfNyD; aexdkifMuygw,f/ 'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSmvnf; edAÁmefodkY apvTwfxm;wJhpdwf"mwfjzifhorx 0dyóembm0emawGudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfNyD;awmh aexdkifMuygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ..}} 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlMuygw,f/249

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249 (r?3?195/)


ta&miftvif;&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udkvnf; jrifawGUaeMu&ygw,f/ xdkta&miftvif;[mvnf; rMumrD tcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyJuG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk awGUjrif&jcif;[mvnf;uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk uG,faysmufoGm;jcif;&JU taMumif;w&m;udkvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY[m xdk;xGif;rodEdkif jzpfaeMuygw,f ..jrwfpGmbk&m; ..}} 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufMuygw,f/

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250 (r?3?196/) 251 (0dok'¨d?2?2-4/)


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tatatatata&mif&mif&mif&mif&miftttttvif;ESifhwuG jvif;ESifhwuG jvif;ESifhwuG jvif;ESifhwuG jvif;ESifhwuG jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaaom om om om om ppppp dwfdwfdwfdwfdwf

ajymjycJhNyD;wJhtwdkif; uodkPf; (8)yg; ormywf (8)yg;wdkYudk (14)rsKd;aomtjcif;t&mjzifh EdkifEdkifeif;eif; avhusifhNyD;wJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;[m 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfudk tvdk&SdcJhvQif awaZmuodkPf;Mo'gwuodkPf; tmavmuuodkPf; 'DuodkPf;okH;rsKd;xJu ESpfNcdKuf&muodkPf;wpfckudk OD;pm;ay;um pwkw¬psmefodkY qdkufonftxd Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum avhusifh&ygw,f/ 'DuodkPf;okH;rsKd;xJrSmvnf;tmavmuuodkPf;uawmh taumif;qkH; uodkPf; jzpfaMumif;owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/252

'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfudk tvdk&SdwJhtcgrSm a,m*Dyk*d ¾Kvfu tmavmuuodkPf;udk pwkuúenf;tm;jzifh pwkw¬psmeform"dodkY qdkufonfhwdkifatmif yGm;rsm;xm;&ygw,f/ 'DvkdyGm;rsm;NyD;wJhtcg 'DtmavmuuodkPf;0ef;udk rdrdtvdk&Sd&mt&yfodkYwdkifatmif ydkif;jcm;um jzefYMuufxm;&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk jzefYMuufNyD;wJhtcgrSm jzefYMuufxm;wJh tvif;a&mifudk tm½kH,lum pwkw¬psmeform"d&JU Oypm&orm"de,fajrodkY a&mufatmif orm"dudk xyfNyD;awmh xlaxmifyg/ 'Dvdk xlaxmifNyD;wJhtcgrdrdydkif;jcm;xm;wJh e,fajrtwGif;udk tm½kH,lum ..

]]þe,fajrtwGif;ü ta&miftvif;onf wnfapownf;}}[kt"d|mefvdkufvQif t"d|mefonfhtwdkif; ta&miftvif;u wnf&Sdaewwfygw,f/ xdktcgrSm jzefYMuufxm;wJh ta&miftvif;twGif;rSm

252 (0dok'¨d?2?58/)


wnf&SdaewJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk MunfhvdkvQif MunfhvdkY&ygw,f? jrifawGUcJhaomf pwkw¬psmeftbdnmPfaZm wpfBudrf uswwfygw,f/ xdk pwkw¬psmeftbdnmPfaZm wpfBudrf usNyD;aemuf ypöa0u©PmaZmwdkYjzifhjzefYMuufxm;wJh ta&miftvif;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udkqufvufum Munhf½IcJhaomf wpfaeYvkH;aomfvnf; Munhf½IvdkY &wwfygw,f/253

0¹dw|meó taEÅma,0 ½ly*wH yódwAÁH/0¹dw|meó taEÅma,0 ½ly*wH yódwAÁH/0¹dw|meó taEÅma,0 ½ly*wH yódwAÁH/0¹dw|meó taEÅma,0 ½ly*wH yódwAÁH/0¹dw|meó taEÅma,0 ½ly*wH yódwAÁH/254

'Dvdk Munhf½IwJhtydkif;rSm ,if;ta&miftvif;udk jzefYMuufxm;&me,fajrtwGif;üom wnf&SdwJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk Munhf½I&ygw,f/xdkta&miftvif;udk jzefY Muufxm;&m e,fajr&JUtjyifbufrSm wnf&SdwJh½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk vSrf;rMunfh&yg/ MunfhcJhaomf ta&miftvif;[maysmufuG,foGm;wwfygw,f? 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPf jzpfay:vma&;twGuf rdrdy&duHjyKxm;wJhe,fajrudk ausmfvTm;vGefajrmufoGm;onfrnfygw,f/ tu,fí ta&miftvif; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhaomftmavmuuodkPf;udkyJ tm½kH,lum pwkw¬psmeform"dodkYwdkifatmiform"dudk wpfzef jyefvnfum xlaxmif&ygw,f/ ,if;pwkw¬psmeform"daMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ta&miftvif;awGu tm;aumif;vmwJhtcg ,if;ta&miftvif;udk tvdk&Sd&mt&yfodkYwdkifatmif wpfzefjyefvnfjzefYMuufum pwkw¬psmeform"d&JU Oypm&orm"de,fajrodkYa&mufatmif orm"dudk wpfzef jyefxlaxmifNyD;awmh ta&miftvif;udkjzefYMuufxm;&m e,fajrtwGif;ü wnfwHhaeatmif jyefvnft"d|mef

253 {w¬ tmavmaum a[mwlwd ,wåuH XmeH y&dpä dE ´wd? ww¬tmavmaum wd|wda,0/ 'd0orÜd edoD'dwGm yóawm ½ly'óeHa[mwd/ (0dok'd?2?58/)

254 (0dok'¨d?2?58/)


jyKxm;yg/ jzefYMuufxm;&m e,fajrtwGif;rSm wnf&SdwJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udka&S;uuJhodkYyif jyefMunhfEdkifygw,f/

'Dpepftwdkif; ta&miftvif;udk avmu"mwfaygif; wdkufwpfaomif;txd jzefYMuufvdkum jzefYMuufEdkifygw,f/ t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwf[m aemufydkif;umvrSm atmifjrifrIudk &&Sdaomtcg 'Dvdkta&miftvif;udk avmu"mwfaygif; wdkufwpfaomif;txd jyefYoGm;atmif jzefYMuufxm;Edkifygw,f? wnfwHhatmifvnf; t"d|mef jyKxm;EdkifcJhygw,f/ ,if;ta&miftvif;twGif;&Sd ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk tm½kHjyKumtbdnmPfaZm usonftxd qufvuf tm;xkwfEdkifcJhygw,f/ tbd-nmPfaZm wpfBudrf usNyD;aemuf ypöa0u©PmaZmwdkYjzifh qufvufum½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk ½IawmfrlEdkifcJhygw,f? y#doaE¨ wnfaeqJowå0gpkawqJowå0gwdkYudkvnf; jrifawmfrlcJhw,f/ rdrdwdkY jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJhuHtm;avsmfpGm xdkxdkbkHb0odkY uyfa&mufoGm;Muwmudkvnf; jrifawmfrlcJhygw,f/255

aemufwpfck xyfajymMu&atmif ../

bk&m;&Sif[m t*FkwådK&f owåuedygwf ypvm,rmeokwåefrSmt&Sifr[marm*¾v’mefrax&fjrwf&JU oEÅmefrSm t&[wåzdkvfodkY rqdkufa&mufrD tcsdefumvtwGif;0,f ckepf&ufwdkifwdkif rtdyfrae w&m;bm0emawGudk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlwJhtwGuf jzpfay:aewJh tdyfcsifidkufrsOf;rI (= bm0emtm½kHay:ü pdwfapwodufawGav;vHxdkif;rIdif;aerI (= xderd')udk y,fazsmufa&;twGuf ..oyÜbmoHoyÜbmoHoyÜbmoHoyÜbmoHoyÜbmoHpdwåH pdwåH pdwåH pdwåH pdwåH (= ta&miftvif;eJY wuGjzpfaom pdwfudk) yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&efñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPf &&Sd&eftvdk YiSm(awaZmuodkPf; odkYr[kwf Mo'gwuodkPf; odkYr[kwf) tmavmu

255 (tH?|?3?225/)


uodkPf;udk tm½kH,lum yGm;rsm;xm;wJh pwkw¬psmeform"dodkYwdkifatmifaom psmeform"dESifh ,SOfaewJh ÓPfaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ta&miftvif;udk &nfñTef;awmfrlum .. oyÜbmoH pdwåH oyÜbmoH pdwåH oyÜbmoH pdwåH oyÜbmoH pdwåH oyÜbmoH pdwåH (= ta&miftvif;eJYwuGjzpfaom pdwfudk) yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfygvdkY bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfygw,f/ xdkta&miftvif;udkvnf; wpfaeYvkH; wpfnvkH;wnf&Sdaeatmif t"d|mefjyKxm;&efudkvnf; qufvuf ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdkta&miftvif;u wpfaeYvkH; wpfnvkH; wnf&SdaernfqdkvQif xderd'¨w&m;[m uif;aysmufoGm;EdkifaMumif; qufvufrdefYMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ bk&m;&Sif&JU tqkH;tr Mo0g'twdkif; vdkufemjyKusifhawmfrlEdkifwJhtwGuf xderd'¨rsm; uif;pifoGm;um 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk qufvuf pD;jzef;awmfrlav&m t&[wåzdkvfodkYqdkufa&mufoGm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/256

pdwf"mwf&JUpGrf;tm;BuD;rsm;udk pepfwus enf;rSefvrf;rSef tokH;csoGm;awmfrlEdkifMuwJhtwGuf t&[wåzdkvfqdkwJh tjrwfqkH;yef;wdkifodkYqdkufa&mufoGm;awmfrlcJhwJh a&S;xkH;a[mif;BuD;wpfck jzpfygw,f/

odkYaomf 'Dae&mrSm t&SiftEk½k'grax&fjrwf[m t&[wåzdkvfodkYrqdkufa&mufrD tcsdefumvtwGif;0,f &Hcg 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfudkyGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&mü rdrdoEÅmefrSm jzpfay:cJhwJh tcuftcJudk txufuajymjycJhwJhtwdkkif; bk&m;&Siftm; wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ xdktcgrSm bk&m;&Sifu txufu ajymcJhwJhtwdkif; Oyuúdavow&m; (11)yg;udk pwifum a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f/

'DOyuúdavo (11)rsKd;udk tusOf;csKyfNyD;awmh ajymMu&atmif ../

256 oyÜbmoH pdwåH bma0,smod (tH?2?461/)oyÜbmoEÅd 'dAÁpu©KÓPw¬m, oa[mbmoH/ (tH?|?3?174/)oa[mbmoEÅd oÓaPmbnoH/ (tH?#D?3?177/)


1/ 0d1/ 0d1/ 0d1/ 0d1/ 0dppppp dudduddudduddudpäpäpäpäpäm = ,kHm = ,kHm = ,kHm = ,kHm = ,kHrrrrr Sm;oHo,jSm;oHo,jSm;oHo,jSm;oHo,jSm;oHo,jzpzpzpzpzp fjfjfjfjfjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

eHygwf (1) Oyuúdavow&m;uawmh 0dpdudpäm jzpfygw,f/

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m O½ka0vawm0,f tavmif;awmfb0jzifh 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPfudk &&Sd&eftvdkYiSm txufu &Sif;jycJhwJhtwdkif;ta&miftvif;udk tvdk&Sdoavmuf ydkif;jcm;um jzefYMuufNyD;aemufpwkw¬psmeform"d&JU Oypm&orm"de,fajrodkY a&mufatmif orm"dudkxlaxmifawmfrlum ta&miftvif;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk Munhf½IawmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk Munhf½IawmfrlvdkufwJhtcgrSm 'D½lyg½kHawGu rdrd a&S;urjrifxm;cJhzl;wJh ½lyg½kHawG jzpfaeMuwJhtwGuf - ]]'gawGu bmawGvJ}}qdkwJh ,kHrSm;oHo, 0dpdudpämw&m;awGjzpfay:vmcJhw,f? tm½kH&JUoabmrSefudk rqkH;jzwfEdkifcJhwJhoabm jzpfygw,f/ t&d,r*fw&m;jzifh ry,f&Sm;&ao;wJhtwGuf 'D0dpdudpämw&m;uxif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 'D0dpdudpäm tukodkvfw&m; xif&Sm;jzpfvmcJhwJhtwGuf 'dAÁpu©KtbdnmPftvdkYiSm xlaxmifxm;awmfrlcJhwJh y&duHjyKxm;wJh orm"dawGvnf; avQmusoGm;cJhygw,f/ 'Dvdkorm"dawG avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf 'Dpsmeform"dawGeJY ,SOfwGJaewJhÓPfaMumifh jzpfay:aewJh ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f/ ta&miftvif;awG uG,faysmufoGm;wJhtwGuf ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJhw,f/257

'Dae&mrSm orxbm0emudk yGm;aewJh a,m*DawGtwGuf owday;vdkwJh tcsufwpfck &Sdw,f/ tmemygeur®|mef;udkyJ pHxm;NyD;awmhajymMu&atmif ../ tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSm ta&miftvif;awGu jzpfay:vmwwfygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSma0zefqef;ppfrIawG ,kHrSm;oHo,jzpfrIawG uif;pifaezdkYawmh vdktyfyg

257 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?350/)


w,f/ Oyrm --- tmemygeudk yGm;aewJhyk*d¾Kvfu 'Dvdk ta&miftvif;udkawGUwJhtcg 'Dta&miftvif;u rdrd½IyGm;aewJh yuwdaom 0ifav-xGufavESifh wpfom;wnf; wpfckwnf;jzpfum a&maESmraebl;qdkvQif'Dta&miftvif;[m tmemygeedrdwf r[kwfyg? tmemygeedrdwftppfuawmh ESmacgif;twGif;rS xGufvmwJh aveYJ wpfom;wnf; wpfckwnf;twlwljzpfum a&m,Sufaewwfygw,f/ ESmacgif;twGif;rS xGufvmwJhavudk,fwdkifu ta&mifESifhwuG a&m,Sufum xGufaewwfygw,f/'Dvdk a&m,SufrI r&SdwJh ta&miftvif; wpfckckudk tmemygeedrdwfvdkY,lqum ,if;ta&miftvif;udk tm½kH,lum orm"dudk qufvufxlaxmifvdkufvQif rMumrD tcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyJ orm"dvnf; avQmusum ta&miftvif;vnf; aysmufuG,foGm;wwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk ta&miftvif;rsKd;[m rdrd½IyGm;&rnfh t½IcHtm½kH r[kwfbl;qdkwmudk a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvfbufu oabmaygufxm;NyD;jzpfzdkY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk oabmraygufbJ edrdwfESifh ta&miftvif;udk rcGJjcm;wwfbJ edrdwfr[kwfwJhta&miftvif;udkyJ ]]edrdwfrsm; jzpfava&mhovm;}}vdkY 'Dvdk ,kHrSm;oHo,jzpfaecJhrnfqdkvQif orm"davQmusum ta&miftvif;awGvnf; aysmufuG,foGm;wwfygw,f/ tu,fí wu,fppfrSefaewJhtmemygeedrdwfu xif&Sm;jzpfay:aecJhvQifvnf; ]]'Dedrdwfudk tmemygeedrdwf [kwfavovm; r[kwfavovm;..}}vdkY ,kHrSm;oHo, jzpfaecJhrnfqdkvQifvnf; 'Dvdk ,kHrSm;oHo,aMumifh edrdwfyg aysmufuG,foGm;wwfygw,f/ tvif;a&mifvnf; aysmufuG,foGm;wwfygw,f/

2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ trtrtrtrtreodum& = ESvkH;eodum& = ESvkH;eodum& = ESvkH;eodum& = ESvkH;eodum& = ESvkH;rrrrroGif;joGif;joGif;joGif;joGif;jcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m ,ckvdk tvif;a&miftwGif;rSm awGUjrifae&wJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk ESvkH;oGif;cJhrdwJhtwGuf 'Dvdk 0dpdudpämw&m;[m xif&Sm;jzpfcJhw,fvdkY t,ltq &SdcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk t,ltq&SdwJh


twGuf ]]tvif;a&miftwGif;rSm awGUaewJh ½lyg½kH trsKd;rsKd;awGudkigrMunhfawmhbl; = igESvkH;roGif;awmhbl;}}vdkY olu qkH;jzwfcsufcsvdkufw,f? Munfhvnf; rMunfhawmhbl;? ESvkH;vnf; ESvkH;roGif;awmhbl;/ 'Dvkd ½Ioifh½IxdkufwJh tm½kHudk r½IwJhtwGuf (= ESvkH;roGif;wJhtwGuf)aMumifh orm"du avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"du avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f?½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJhw,f/258

tvm;wlyJ a,m*DwpfOD;[m tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSm ]]tmemygeedrdwfr[kwfwJh ta&miftvif;awGudkESvkH;roGif;&}}qdkwJh ñTefMum;csufudk em;vnfrIvGJum tmemygeedrdwf[m 0ifav-xGufavESifh twl a&m,Sufum ESmacgif;twGif;rS xGufvmaeaomfvnf; ,if;tmemygeedrdwfudk r½IawmhbJ yuwd 0ifav-xGufavudkyJ vdkuf&Smaewwfw,f/ 'Dvdk vdkuf&SmaewJhtcgrSm 0ifav-xGufavudk &SmvdkYrawGUwJhtwGuf ½Ip&mtm½kHr&Sdjzpfum orm"davQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"davQmusoGm;wJhtcg ta&miftvif;awGa&m tmemygeedrdwfa&m aysmufysufoGm;wwfjyefw,f/ tcsKdUa,m*DawGuawmh odrfarGUaewJh 0ifav-xGufavudk jyefawmhawGUw,f/ 'gayrJh 'D0ifav-xGufav[m edrdwfESifh a&maeaomfvnf;edrdwfudk r½IbJ edrdwfudk ESvkH;roGif;bJ 0ifav-xGufavudkom ESvkH;oGif;aejyefw,f/ ½Ioifh½IxdkufwJh edrdwfudk r½IwJhtwGuf ESvkH;roGif;wJhtwGuf orm"duvnf; avQmusoGm;wwfjyefw,f/ orm"davQmusoGm;cJhvQif ta&miftvif;awGa&m tmemygeedrdwfa&m aysmufysufoGm;wwfjyefw,f/ tmemygeedrdwfay:vmcJhaomf tmemygeedrdwfESifh0ifav-xGufavuvnf; wpfom;wnf; wpfckwnf; jzpfaecJhaomfwpfenf;ajym&vQifawmh 0ifav-xGufavonfyif edrdwfç edrdwfonfyif258 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


0ifav-xGufav jzpfaecJhaomf 0ifav-xGufavudk ESvkH;roGif;awmhbJedrdwfudkom ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;cJhaomf bm0emorm"d[m wdk;wufBuD;yGm;vmwJhtwGuf tm;aumif;vmwJhtwGuf tmemygeedrdwf[mvnf;Munfvifawmufyvmvdrfhrnf? ta&miftvif;awGvnf; ydkrdkNyD;awmhawmufyvmvdrfhrnf/ odkYaomf tmemygeudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcgrSm ESvkH;oGif;oifhwJh tm½kHudk ESvkH;roGif;wJhtwGuf orm"duavQmusoGm;jcif; jzpfygw,f/

3/ xde3/ xde3/ xde3/ xde3/ xderrrrr dd dd d'¨''¨''¨ = = = = = ppppp dwfdwfdwfdwfdwfapapapapapwodufwodufwodufwodufwodufaaaaawG&JU wG&JU wG&JU wG&JU wG&JU aaaaav;vHxdkif;v;vHxdkif;v;vHxdkif;v;vHxdkif;v;vHxdkif;rrrrr I dif;jIdif;jIdif;jIdif;jIdif;jcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m wpfzef rdrdrlvyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJhur®|mef;tm½kHudk jyefvnfum ½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlvdkufwJhtcgrSm tvif;a&mifawGvnf; jyefay:vmw,f?tvif;a&miftwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsK d;awGudkvnf;jyefvnfawGUjrifawmfrlygw,f/ odkYaomf 'D½lyg½kHawGudk ESvkH;roGif;bJqdwfqdwfom xkdifaeawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf pdwfapwodufawG&JUav;vHxdkif;rIdif;jcif; xderd'w&m;awGu 0ifa&mufum ESdyfpufvmjyefw,f/ bm0emtm½kHay:rSm xufxufoefoef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvdkwJhpdwfapwodufawG rjzpfbJ bm0emtm½kHrS wGefYqkwfvmwJh pdwfapwodufawGom jzpfay:aecJhygw,f/ xdktcgrSm orm"du avQmusoGm;awmfrlwJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; aysmufuG,foGm;cJhw,f?½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJhw,f/259

tvm;wlyJ tmemygeukd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh a,m*D[mvnf;tmemygeedrdwf jzpfay:vmwJhtcgrSm tmemygeedrdwfudkvnf; r½IbJaevdkufw,f? yuwd 0ifav-xGufavudkvnf; &SmrawGUwJhtwGufr½IbJ qdwfqdwfyJ xdkifaevdkufw,f/ tvGefodrfarGUwJhavudk awGUjyef259 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/)


awmhvnf; xufxufoefoef ½IvdkwJhpdwfxm; r&Sd jzpfaejyefw,f? edrdwfay:udkvnf; pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf r½Icsif jzpfaejyefw,f? xderd'¨wdkY ESdyfpufaewJhoabmom jzpfygw,f/ 'DtcgrSmvnf; orm"dawG avQmusumtmemygeedrdwfvnf; aysmufysufoGm;wwfygw,f/

4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ qrqrqrqrqr Çdwwå = xdwfvefÇdwwå = xdwfvefÇdwwå = xdwfvefÇdwwå = xdwfvefÇdwwå = xdwfvefYY YY Y jjjjjcccccif; = ukd,fif; = ukd,fif; = ukd,fif; = ukd,fif; = ukd,fcccccufwufwufwufwufwaaaaa&mf&S&mf&S&mf&S&mf&S&mf&Sdd dd d jjjjjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m rdrdoEÅmefrSm xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhwJhtxufyg Oyuúdavow&m;awGudk z,f&Sm;awmfrlum rdrd&JU rlvur®|mef;tm½kHudk jyefNyD;awmh tm½kH,lum tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrljyefw,f/ 'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlvdkufwJhtcgrSmta&miftvif;awGvnf; jyefay:vmMujyefw,f? xdktcgrSm bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m 'Dta&miftvif;awGudk [dr0EÅmbufodkY wmplumjzefYMuufawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ xdktcgrSm xdktvif;a&miftwGif;rSmwnf&SdaeMuwJh 'ge0&u©dKofbDvl;ESifh tvGefBuD;rm;wJh a>rBuD;rsm;udkjrifawGUawmfrlvdkufwJhtcg qrÇdwwåHac:wJh xdwfvefYjcif; ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif;wpfck jzpfay:awmfrlcJhygw,f/ Oyrm --- a,mufsm;wpfa,muf[m t"GefY&SnfwJh awmvrf;c&D;udk oGm;aewJhtcgrSm vrf;&JUab;ESpfbufwdkYrS ikH;uav;rsm;u jzKef;ueJ xysHvdkufMuwJhtcg xdka,mufsm;&JU oEÅmefrSm xdwfvefYjcif; ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif; wpfrsKd;jzpfay:vmwwfovdkyJ --- tvm;wlyJ bk&m;tavmif;awmf&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; aMumufrufzG,faumif;wJh tm½kHawGudk awGUvdkuf&wJhtwGufxdwfvefYjcif; ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif;wpfrsKd; xif&Sm;jzpfay:awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'DxdwfvefYrI ukd,fcufwa&mf&SdrIaMumifh orm"dawGvnf; avQmusoGm;cJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk orm"dawG avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f/ ta&miftvif;awG uG,faysmufoGm;wJhtwGuf ½lyg½k HtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJhygw,f/260

260 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/)


tvm;wlyJ a,m*DwpfOD;[mvnf; tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcg yuwd 0ifav-xGufavtm½kHrSm bm0emorm"dutvGef eufeuf½Idif;½Idif; jzpfay:vmcJhwJhtwGuf tvGef MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygeedrdwftm½kH[m ESmoD;0rSm jzKef;ueJ xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm rawGUpzl;wJh tm½kHxl;udk jzKef;ueJjrifawGUvdkuf&wJhtwGuf xdwfvefYwkefvIyfrIwpfrsKd; ½kwfjcnf; jzpfay:vmwwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk xdwfvefYwkefvIyfrI ½kwfjcnf; jzpfay:vmwJhtwGuf orm"du avQmusoGm;wwfygw,f? edrdwfvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;wwfygw,f/

5/ OyÜdv = 5/ OyÜdv = 5/ OyÜdv = 5/ OyÜdv = 5/ OyÜdv = aaaaay:y:y:y:y:aaaaay:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Muny:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Muny:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Muny:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Muny:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Munff ff f &TifES&TifES&TifES&TifES&TifESppppp fouffouffouffouffoufrrrrr II II Iyyyyy DD DD Dwd jwd jwd jwd jwd jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaay:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m ckajymcJhwJh OyuúdavotrsKd;rsKd;awGudkz,f&Sm;NyD;awmh rdrd&JUrlvur®|mef;tm½kHudk jyefNyD;tm½kH,lum tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrljyefw,f/ 'Dvdk BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlvdkufwJhtcgrSm tvif;a&mifawGvnf; jyefay:vmMujyefw,f/xdktvif;a&mifawGudkvnf; tvm;wl [dr0EÅmbufodkY wmplumjzefY Muufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm bk&m;tavmif;awmfu'Dvdk pOf;pm;qifjcifawmfrlw,f --- ]]igtckjrifawGUaewJh xdwfvefYzG,ftm½kHawG[m yuwdaom rsufpdjzifh MunfhcJhrnfqdkvQif r&SdwJhtm½kHawGjzpfMuw,f/ 'gaMumifh igu 'Dtm½kHawGudk rawGUjrifcJhbl;qdkvQifxdwfvefYzG,foabm ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif;oabm[mvnf; b,fvdkrSr&SdEdkifbl;}} 'Dvdk pOf;pm;qifjcifawmfrlum 'DxdwfvefYjcif; ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif;udk ausmfvTm;vGefajrmufoGm;&eftwGuf 0D&d,udk jr§ifhwifum rdrd&JU rlvur®|mef;udk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlygw,f/ tvif;a&mifudkvnf; qufvufum jzefYMuufawmfrlvdkufyg


w,f/ xdktcgrSm jzefYMuufxm;wJh tvif;a&miftwGif;0,f xdwfvefYzG,f tm½kHawGudkvnf; rawGUrjrif&awmhyg/ xdwfvefYzG,f tm½kHawG&SdwJht&yfa'oudk ausmfvTm;um xdwfvefYzG,f tm½kHawGr&SdwJh t&yfa'orsm;odkYwdkifatmif tvif;a&mifawGudk wpfqifhwufum jzefYMuufxm;wJhtwGuf 'Dtvif;a&miftwGif;rSm xdwfvefYzG,f tm½kHawGudk rawGU&Sdjcif; jzpfygw,f/

odkYaomf 'Dvdk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlwJh vkHYv0D&d,pGrf;tm;aMumifh OyÜdvvdkY ac:qdkwJh ay:ay:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Munf&TifESpfoufrI yDwdwpfrsKd; xif&Sm;jzpfay:awmfrlcJhjyefw,f/Oyrm --- a,mufsm;wpfa,muf[m a&Ttdk;wpfvkH;udk wl;azmf,lwJhtcgrSm a&Ttdk;ig;vkH;udk NydKifwlawGUvdkufwJhtwGuf ay:ay:vGifvGifxifxif&Sm;&Sm; Munf&TifESpfoufrI yDwd xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmovdkyJtvm;wlyJ bk&m;tavmif;awmf&JU oEÅmefrSmvnf; OyÜdvvdkY ac:qdkwJhay:ay:vGifvGif xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Munf&TifESpfoufrI yDwdwpfrsKd; xif&Sm;jzpfay:awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh yDwdaMumifh orm"dawGvnf; avQmusoGm;cJhw,f/ orm"du avQmusoGm;wJhtwGufta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/261

tvm;wlyJ tmemygeudk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfwJhtcg tmemygetm½kHay:rSm tvGefcdkifjrJaewJh eufeuf½Idif;½Idif; jzpfay:aewJh orm"d&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh tvGefMunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfjzpfay:vmwJhtcg ]]a&Ttdk;wpfvkH;udk wl;azmf&mü a&Ttdk;ig;vkH;udkNydKifwlawGUjrifvdkuf&wJha,mufsm;yrm}} rawGUpzl; tawGUxl;udk awGU&Sdae&wJhtwGuf t[kefjyif;wJh yDwdawG[m wvIdufvIduf jzpfay:aewwf

261 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


Muygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½kefY&if;Murf;wrf;wJh yDwd&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh orm"dvnf;avQmusNyD;awmh tmemygeedrdwfvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;wwfygw,f/

6/ 6/ 6/ 6/ 6/ ''''' k|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefk|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefk|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefk|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefk|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefrrrrr I = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;I = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;I = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;I = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;I = udk,f&JU½kefY&if;rrrrr I = udk,f&JUysif;&dI = udk,f&JUysif;&dI = udk,f&JUysif;&dI = udk,f&JUysif;&dI = udk,f&JUysif;&drrrrr II II I

= udk,f&JU= udk,f&JU= udk,f&JU= udk,f&JU= udk,f&JUaaaaavsmh&J&Jjvsmh&J&Jjvsmh&J&Jjvsmh&J&Jjvsmh&J&Jjzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaaeeeeerrrrr I jI jI jI jI jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaay:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m tpöm&'0D&d,ac:wJh 'Dvdk tjyif;txefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJh vkHYv0D&d,pGrf;tm;aMumifh ay:vGifxif&Sm;wJhyDwdawG jzpfay:vmwJhtwGuf orm"dawG avQmusum ta&miftvif;awG aysmufuG,foGm;wmudk od&SdawmfrlwJhtwGuf vkHYv0D&d,udkavQmhcsum rdrd&JUrlvur®|mef;tm½kHudk jyefNyD;tm½kH,lum qufvufum½IyGm;awmfrljyefw,f/ apwodu0D&d,u avsmhyg;oGm;wJhtwGufaMumifhum,du0D&d,uvnf; avQmusoGm;cJhjyefw,f/ cE¨mudk,fu awmifhwif;cdkifrmrI odyfr&SdawmhwJhtwGuf 'k|Kv’vdkY ac:qdkwJh cE¨mudk,f&JUylyefrI ½kefY&if;rI ysif;&drI avsmh&J&JjzpfaerIoabmw&m;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmcJhjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk jzpfay:vmwJhtwGufaMumifh orm"dawGvnf; avQmusoGm;cJhw,f/ orm"du avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf;rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/262

tvm;wlyJ tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfwJhtcg0,ftmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSm bm0empdwfudk Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaeatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvdkufwJhtcg 0D&d,udk jr§ihfwifumtvGef pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½IvdkufrdwJhtwGuf bm0emtm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhxGufoGm;um orm"du avQmusoGm;wwfojzifh 0D&d,udk avQmhcsvdkufjyefw,f/ apwodu0D&d,u avsmhoGm;wJhtwGufaMumifh um,du

262 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


0D&d,uvnf; avsmhoGm;wwfygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm cE¨mudk,fuvnf;awmifhwif;cdkifrmrI r&Sd jzpfaewwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk apwodu0D&d,um,du0D&d, ESpfrsKd;vkH;u avQmusoGm;NyDqdkvQifvnf; tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:ü bm0empdwfudk Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD;wnfaeatmifcsDyifhxm;ay;jcif; y*¾[vkyfief;udpöudk aqmif&Gufay;aewJh 0D&d,utm;aysmhaewJhtwGufaMumifh bm0empdwf[mvnf; rdrd&JU bm0emtm½kHrS avQmusoGm;wwfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 0D&d, vGefuJvGef;vQifvnf;raumif;ç 0D&d, avsmhenf;vGef;vQifvnf; raumif;qdkwJh 'Doabmw&m;udk oabmaygufem;vnfyg/

7/ 7/ 7/ 7/ 7/ tpötpötpötpötpöm&m&m&m&m&'¨''¨''¨00000 DD DD D&d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = tttttjyif;jyif;jyif;jyif;jyif;tttttxef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;xef BudK;pppppm;m;m;m;m;tttttm;xkwfjm;xkwfjm;xkwfjm;xkwfjm;xkwfjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m vkHYv0D&d,ukd avQmhcsrdwJhtwGuf 'k|Kv’vdkY ac:qdkwJh cE¨mudk,f&JU ylyefrI ½kefY&if;rI ysif;&drI avsmh&J&JjzpfaerIoabmw&m;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwmudk oabmaygufawmfrlwJhtwGuf wpfzef vkHYv0D&d,ukd jr§ifhwifum tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrljyefw,f/ vkHYv0D&d,u tvGefYtvGef vGefuJaewJhtwGufaMumifh ur®|mef;tm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhrIqdkwJh O'¨pöw&m; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwJhtwGufaMumifh orm"duvnf; avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/Oyrm --- a,mufsm;wpfa,muf[m ikH;om;i,fuav; wpfaumifudkvufESpfbufwdkYjzifh jrJjrJjrHjrH twif;tusyf qkyfudkifzrf;,lvdkufwJhtcgao;auG;Eke,fvGef;vSao;wJh ikH;om;i,fuav;[m a,mufsm;&JU vufwGif;rSmyJ aoausysufpD;oGm;&ovdk tvm;wlyJ tavmif;awmf[mrdrd&JU ur®|mef;tm½kHqdkwJh ikH;om;i,fuav;udk apwodu0D&d,um,du0D&d,qdkwJh vufESpfbufwdkYjzifh twif;tusyf vGefvGefuJuJqkyfudkifvdkufwJhtcg ur®|mef;tm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhysufjym;um orm"dvnf; avQmusysufpD;cJhygw,f/ orm"davQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&mif


tvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf;rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/263

tvm;wlyJ tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&m0,f tmem-ygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:ü bm0empdwfudk Nidrf0yfpGm uyfNyD; wnfaeatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJhtcg apwodu0D&d, um,du0D&d,qdkwJh 0D&d, ESpfrsKd;wdkY avQmusaewJhtwGuf orm"d ysufjym;oGm;rIudkem;vnfoabmaygufaewJh a,m*Du 0D&d,avsmhyg;aejcif;&JU tjypfudkjrifwJhtwGuf apwodu0D&d, um,du0D&d,ac:wJh 0D&d, ESpfrsKd;wdkYudktjyif;txef jr§ifhwifum vGefvGefuJuJ r&yfrem; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjyefw,f/ 0D&d,vGefaomf O'pöqdkwJhtwdkif; pdwfysHUvGifhrIawGu rsm;vmwJhtwGuf orm"du avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ 'Dvdkae&mrsKd;rSm 0D&d,ESifhorm"d ESpfrsKd;udk nDrQatmif usifhwwfzdkY txl;vdktyfaeygw,f/tvm;wlyJ bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJh tmemygeusifhpOftay:ü,kHMunfrI o'gw&m;ESifh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk xdk;xGif;odaewJh ynmw&m;wdkY[mvnf; nDrQrI&SdaezdkY txl;vdktyfaeygw,f/

0D&d,u vGefuJaevdkY orm"du avsmhenf;aejyefvQifvnf;psmeform"dodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifbl;? 0D&d,u avsmhenf;aevdkY orm"duvGefuJaejyefvQifvnf; psmeform"dodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifbl;/ tvm;wlyJo'¨gu vGefuJaevdkY ynmu EkYHaejyefvQifvnf; (= tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; xdk;xGif;rodjyefvQifvnf;) psmeform"dodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifbl;? o'gu EkYHaevdkY ynmu vGefuJaejyefvQifvnf;(= tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; xdk;xGif;odjrifaeaomfvnf; rdrdudk,fudk rdrd psmeform"dudk &&SdvdrfhrnfvdkY r,kHMunfjyefvQifvnf; odkYr[kwf ckacwfrSm psmefudk r&Edkifawmhbl;[k tpGJBuD;aewJh

263 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


twGuf ,kHMunfcsuf tm;aysmhaejyefvQifvnf;) psmeform"dodkY rqdkufa&mufEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh 0D&d,ESifh orm"dç o'¨gESifh ynmwdkY nDrQoGm;atmif owdESifh xdef;csKyfum usifhwwfzdkY txl;vdktyfaewJh tcsdeftcgrsKd; jzpfygw,f/

8/ 8/ 8/ 8/ 8/ tttttwdvwdvwdvwdvwdv DD DD De0e0e0e0e0 DD DD D&d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = &d, = tttttvGef vGef vGef vGef vGef aaaaavsmhvGef;vsmhvGef;vsmhvGef;vsmhvGef;vsmhvGef;aaaaaom0om0om0om0om0 DD DD D&d, &Sdj&d, &Sdj&d, &Sdj&d, &Sdj&d, &Sdjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m 0D&d,ukd jr§ifhwifum tvGeftjyif;txefBudK;pm;tm;xkwfawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf bm0emtm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhxGufoGm;um orm"d avQmusoGm;wmudk owdjyKrdcJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh0D&d,ukd avQmhcsvdkufw,f/ odkYaomf 0D&d,ukd vGefvGefuJuJ avQmhcsrdvdkufwJhtwGufaMumifh ur®|mef;tm½kHay:rSm bm0empdwfudk tcsdefMumjrifhpGm wnfwhHaeatmif avsmhvGef;aewJh 0D&d,u tm;ay;axmufyhHxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;r&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh orm"du avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ Oyrm --- a,mufsm;wpfa,muf[m ikH;om;i,fuav; wpfaumifudk zrf;,lwJhtcgrSm wif;wif;usyfusyf qkyfudkifvdkufvQif ikH;om;i,fuav; aoausysufpD;oGm;rSmudk pdk;&drfwJhtwGuf wif;wif;usyfusyfrqkyfudkifbJ cyfavsmhavsmh cyfayghayghom qkyfudkifvdkufrdwJhtwGufikH;om;i,fuav;[m a,mufsm;&JUvufrS vGwfxGufum ysHoef;oGm;cJhjyefw,f/ tvm;wlyJ tavmif;awmf[mvnf;yJ 0D&d,ukd jr§ifhwifumur®|mef;tm½kHudk wif;wif;usyfusyf qkyfudkifvdkufrdwJhtwGuf bm0emtm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhxGufoGm;um orm"d avQmusoGm;wmudk owdjyKrdwJhtcg 0D&d,ukd avQmhcsum ur®|mef;tm½kHudk wif;wif;usyfusyf rqkyfudkifawmhbJ cyfavsmhavsmh cyfayghayghom qkyfudkifxm;rdwJhtwGuf½IaerdwJhtwGufaMumifh bm0emtm½kHay:ü pdwfudk MumjrifhpGm wnfwhHaeatmif avsmhvGef;aewJh 0D&d,u csDyifhrxm;EdkifwJhtwGufaMumifhorm"du avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"d avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf


ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/264

tvm;wlyJ a,m*DwpfOD;[mvnf; tvGefMunfvifawmufyaewJhtmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk pdkuf½IaewJhtcgrSm 0D&d,ukd jr§ifhwifumvGefvGefuJuJ pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½IvdkufrdwJhtwGuf tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHrS pdwfysHUvGifhum orm"d avQmusoGm;wmudk owdjyKrdwJhtcg0D&d,ukd avQmhcsvdkufjyefw,f/ odkYaomf 0D&d,ukd avQmhcsvdkufwJhtcgvdktyfwmxuf ydkNyD;awmh avQmhcsrd&ufom;jzpfoGm;jyefw,f/ 0D&d,ukdvGefvGefuJuJ avQmhcsvdkufwJhtwGuf tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSm bm0empdwfudk tcsdefMumjrifhpGm wnfwhHaeatmif avsmhvGef;wJh0D&d,u csDyifhxm;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm; r&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh orm"duavQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ ysif;&djcif; (= aumoZÆ)bufodkY pdwf"mwfawGu,dkifvJoGm;wwfMujyefw,f/ 'gaMumifh 0D&d,vGefuJvGef;vQifvnf;pdwfysHUvGifhrI O'¨pöjzpfwwfw,f? 0D&d,avsmhvGef;jyefvQifvnf; ysif;&drIaumoZÆ jzpfwwfw,f/ 'DtqdktrdefYudk a,m*Dbufu oabmaygufem;vnfzdkY vdktyfygw,f/

9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ 9/ tttttbdbdbdbdbdZZZZZyÜ = yÜ = yÜ = yÜ = yÜ = tttttvGefvdkvm;vGefvdkvm;vGefvdkvm;vGefvdkvm;vGefvdkvm;aaaaawmifhwwmifhwwmifhwwmifhwwmifhwrrrrr I jI jI jI jI jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaay:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m 0D&d,vGefuJvGef;jcif;&JUtjypf 0D&d,avsmhenf;vGef;jcif;&JUtjypf 'DtjypfawGudk qifjcifawmfrlum ]]ravsmhrwif; apmif;BudK;n§if;ouJhodkY}} 0D&d,ESifh orm"dudk nDrQatmif usifhawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ ur®|mef;tm½kHay:rSm 0D&d,ESifh orm"dwdkY[m tnDtrQtvkyfvkyfaeMuwJhtcg orm"du ydkrdktm;aumif;vmwJhtwGuf tvif;a&mifawGvnf; ydkrdkNyD; tm;aumif;vmygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm ewfjynfewfavmubufodkY wmplum tvif;a&mifudk jzefYMuufvsuf Munfh½I264 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


awmfrlvdkufwJhtcg tvGef ½kyftqif; acsmarm vSywifhw,faeMuwJhewfy&dowftaygif;ESifh tqifhtwef; jrihfrm;vSwJh ewfpnf;pdrft&yf&yfwdkYudk awGUjrifawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm tbdZyÜac:wJhewfb0 ewfpnf;pdrfudk vdkvm;awmifhwrI wPSmw&m;[m xif&Sm;jzpfay:awmfrlcJhjyefw,f/ 'Dtukodkvfw&m;u rdrdyGm;rsm;aewJh ukodkvfw&m;ESifh xdyfwdkufqefYusifbuf wpfck jzpfaewJhtwGuf rdrdyGm;rsm;aewJhukodkvform"d[mvnf; wjznf;jznf; avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"davQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/265

tvm;wlyJ a,m*DwpfOD;[m tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSm0D&d,ESifh orm"dwdkYudk nDrQatmif xm;um tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudk qufvuf ½IyGm;aewJhtcg orm"d[mvnf; wjznf;jznf;tm;aumif;vmwwfygw,f? euf½Idif;vmwwfygw,f? wnfwHhvmwwfygw,f/ rdrdcE¨mudk,f&JU 0ef;usifywfcsm t&yfq,frsufESmrSmvnf;tvif;a&mifawGu ydkrdkNyD; awmufyaewwfygw,f/ xdkÓPftvif;a&mifatmufrSm wnf&SdaewJh tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk wpfcgwpf&HrSmvSrf;MunhfvdkufrdwJhtcg ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f&m tm½kHawGeJY awGUqkHaumif; awGUqkHwwfygw,f/ tu,fí awGUqkHcJhvdkY 'Dtm½kHawGtay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmrI wpfckckjzpfcJhvQifvnf; orm"du avQmusysufpD;oGm;wwfygw,f/

tcsKdUa,m*DawGuawmh 'Dvdk MunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk tcsdefMumjrifhpGm wnfwnfwhHwhH ½IyGm;EdkifwJhtcgESpfoufMunfEl;rI yDwdw&m;awGu qufwdkuf jzpfay:aewJhtwGuf'DMunfvifawmufyaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHudkyJ om,m

265 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


ESpfoufaewwfygw,f? odrfarGUwJh ayrw&m; wpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/tJ'DtcgrSmvnf; orm"du avQmusoGm;wwfygw,f/

10/ emewåonm = 10/ emewåonm = 10/ emewåonm = 10/ emewåonm = 10/ emewåonm = trtrtrtrtrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;aaaaaom onm jom onm jom onm jom onm jom onm jzpzpzpzpzp ff ff faaaaay:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjy:vmjcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m ewfjynfewfavmuqdkwJh Zmwfwltm½kHwpfckwnf;udkom ½IyGm;okH;oyfawmfrlrdwJhtwGuf tbdZyÜac:wJhvdkvm;awmifhwrI wPSmw&m;[m xif&Sm;jzpfay:cJhw,fvdkY oabmaygufawmfrlcJhjyefw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'DtbdZyÜac:wJh vdkvm;awmifhwrIawG rjzpfay:a&;twGuf tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk ajymif;a&TUum ½IyGm;oifhw,fvdkY ,lqawmfrlcJhwJhtwGuf orm"dudk wpfzefjyefvnf xlaxmifawmfrlum orm"dESifh ,SOfwJh ÓPfaMumifh jzpfay:vmwJh ta&miftvif;awGudk wpfcgwpf&H ewfjynfewfavmubufodkY jzefYMuufumtm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk Munfh½Iawmfrljyefw,f? wpfcgwpf&H vlUjynfvlUavmubufodkY jzefYMuufum tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk Munfh½Iawmfrljyefw,f/ 'Dvdk Budrfzefrsm;pGm Munfh½IawmfrlvdkufwJhtcg tm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm rSwfom;aewJh onmtrsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk onmtrsKd;rsKd;awG jzpfay:aewJhtwGufaMumifhwjznf;jznf; orm"d[mvnf; avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"d avQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f?½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/266

tvm;wlyJ a,m*DwpfOD;[mvnf; MunfvifawmufyaewJhtmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kHay:rSm bm0empdwfawGu tvGefNidrf0yfpGmuyfNyD;wnfaewJhtcg orm"duvnf; tvGeftm;aumif;vmwJhtcgcdkifcHhvmwJhtcg tcsKdUa,m*DawG&JU oEÅmefrSm bm0emonmawGuajymif;oGm;wwfMujyefw,f/ tcsKdUa,m*DawGu t0ga&mifedrdwfudk266 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


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bm0emonm uGJjym;rIudk tajcwnfum edrdwftrsKd;rsKd;wdkY&JUajymif;vJrIrSm orm"dt&Sdeft0g tvGeftm;aumif;aewJh tcsdefMumjrifhpGm w&m;tm;xkwfaewJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;wdkY&JU oEÅmefrSmomjzpfay:avh&Sdwwfygw,f/

11/ 11/ 11/ 11/ 11/ tttttwdedwdedwdedwdedwdedZZZZZÑm,dwwå = Ñm,dwwå = Ñm,dwwå = Ñm,dwwå = Ñm,dwwå = tttttvGef vGef vGef vGef vGef ppppp l;l;l;l;l;ppppp l;l;l;l;l;ppppp d kufdkufdkufdkufdkufppppp dkuf Munfh½Ijdkuf Munfh½Ijdkuf Munfh½Ijdkuf Munfh½Ijdkuf Munfh½Ijcccccif;if;if;if;if;

bk&m;tavmif;awmf[m trsKd;rsKd;aom ½lyg½kHwdkYudk vdkufvHMunfh½IawmfrlrdwJhtwGuf rdrd&JU oEÅmefrSm ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudk vdkufvH


rSwfom;aewJh onmtrsKd;rsKd;awGvnf; xif&Sm; jzpfay:vmcJhw,f/'gaMumifh ]]ESpfoufzG,f&m £|m½kHyJjzpfjzpf rESpfoufzG,f&m ted|m½kHyJjzpfjzpf Zmwfwltm½kHwpfckudkom igMunfh½Iawmhrnf}}vdkY ESvkH;ydkufumrdrd&JU rlvur®|mef;udk tm½kH,lvsuf bm0emorm"dudk jyefvnfumxlaxmifawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ ta&miftvif;awG xif&Sm;jzpfay:vmwJhtcg ta&miftvif;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh Zmwfwl½lyg½kHwpfrsKd;wnf;udkom pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Munfh½Ium aeawmfrlvdkufygw,f/ 'DvdkZmwfwl½lyg½kHwpfrsKd;wnf;udkom tcsdefMumjrifhpGm pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Munfh½IaeawmfrlwJhtwGuf orm"d[mvnf; avQmusoGm;jyefw,f/ orm"davQmusoGm;wJhtwGuf ta&miftvif;awGvnf; uG,faysmufoGm;cJhygw,f? ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGudkvnf; rjrifawGUEdkif jzpfcJh&jyefw,f/267

odkYaomf tmemygeur®|mef;udk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaewJh a,m*Dolawmfaumif;uawmh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwftm½kH wpfckudkomMunfh½I&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk Munfh½IwJhtydkif;rSm owdjyK&rnfhtcsufwpfckuawmh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudk pkHprf;ppfaq;a&; rjyKvkyfzdkYudkawmh owdjyKyg/ qdkvdkwmuawmh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfuBuD;aecJhvQifvnf; edrdwftm;vkH;udk awmufavQmufvdkufMunhfum pl;prf;qifjcifrI rjyKygESifh/ tu,fí tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfu &Snfvsm;aecJhvQifvnf; t&Snftwdkif;twm wnf&Sdaeoavmuf awmufavQmufvdkufum pl;prf;qifjcifrI Munfh½IrI rjyKygESifh/ yuwdaom 0ifav-xGufav xdrIxif&Sm;&mjzpfwJh ESmoD;zsm;ESifh txufEIwfcrf; 0ef;usifae&mrSm wnf&SdaewJh tmemygey#dbm*edrdwfudkom pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf½IyGm;um orm"dudk xlaxmifyg/ 'Dvdk ½IaewJhtcgrSm tmemygey#dbm*edrdwf&JU BuD;rm;us,fjyefYrI odkYr[kwf ao;i,frIç &Snfvsm;rI odkYr[kwfwdkrIwdkYudkum; a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvfu od&Sdaernfom jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf

267 (r?3?196/ r?|?4?148/ r?#D?2?351/)


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tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh Oyuúdavow&m; (11)yg;wdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ tmemygeur®|mef;udk pHerlemxm;um wifjyxm;aomfvnf;uodkPf;y#dbm*edrdwf tp&SdwJh orxtm½kHedrdwfawGudk tm½kH,lumorm"dxlaxmif&mrSmvnf; enf;rSDum oabmaygufyg/

a'a'a'a'a'oemoemoemoemoemaaaaawmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;

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tvif;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udkomvQif wpfzufowfESvkH;oGif;aecJhvQifvnf; ½lyg½kHtrsKd;rsKd;oufoufudkom od&Sdaewmudkvnf; owdjyKrdawmfrlcJhygw,f/ tavmif;awmf[m 'Dvdk ta&miftvif;awGudk jzpfapEdkifwJh 'Dvdkorm"drsKd;udk wpfaeYvkH;aomfvnf;yGm;rsm;NyD; aexdkifawmfrlEdkifcJhw,f? wpfnvkH;aomfvnf; yGm;rsm;NyD;aexdkifawmfrlEdkifcJhw,f? wpfaeYvkH;wpfnvkH;aomfvnf; yGm;rsm;NyD;aexdkifawmfrlEdkifcJhygw,f/268

okH;okH;okH;okH;okH;rrrrrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;aaaaaom oom oom oom oom orrrrrmmmmm""""" dudk yGm;dudk yGm;dudk yGm;dudk yGm;dudk yGm;rrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;aaaaawmfwmfwmfwmfwmfrrrrr lykHlykHlykHlykHlykH

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268 (r?3?200/)


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tavmif;awmf[m yDwdESifh,SOfaewJh ]]oyÜDwduorm"d}}]]oyÜDwduorm"d}}]]oyÜDwduorm"d}}]]oyÜDwduorm"d}}]]oyÜDwduorm"d}} (yÍöuenf;tm;jzifh yxrpsmef 'kwd,psmef wwd,psmefç pwkuúenf;tm;jzifhyxrpsmef 'kwd,psmeform"d)udkvnf; yGm;rsm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? yDwdr,SOfwJh ]]edyÜDwduorm"d}}]]edyÜDwduorm"d}}]]edyÜDwduorm"d}}]]edyÜDwduorm"d}}]]edyÜDwduorm"d}} (yÍöuenf;tm;jzifh pwkw¬psmef yÍörpsmefçpwkuúenf;tm;jzifh wwd,psmef pwkw¬psmeform"d)udkvnf; yGm;rsm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? okca0'emESifh twlwuG jzpfaewJh ]]omwo[*w]]omwo[*w]]omwo[*w]]omwo[*w]]omwo[*worm"d}}orm"d}}orm"d}}orm"d}}orm"d}} (yÍöuenf;tm;jzifh yxrpsmef 'kwd,psmef wwd,psmefpwkw¬psmefç pwkuúenf;tm;jzifh yxrpsmef 'kwd,psmef wwd,psmeform"d)udkvnf; yGm;rsm;awmfrlcJhygw,f? Oayu©ma0'emESifh twlwuGjzpfaewJh ]]Oayu©mo[*worm"d}}]]Oayu©mo[*worm"d}}]]Oayu©mo[*worm"d}}]]Oayu©mo[*worm"d}}]]Oayu©mo[*worm"d}} (yÍöuenf;tm;jzifh yÍörpsmefçpwkuúenf;tm;jzifh pwkw¬psmeform"d)udkvnf; yGm;rsm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

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281 (r?|?4?149/ r?#D?2?352/)


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1/ aomwmywådr*fudk qifjcifjcif;2/ aomwmywådzdkvfudk qifjcifjcif;

282 u'g ye b*0g £rH wd0d"H orm"ð bma0wd¿ r[maAm"drlav edodaEémypädr,mar/ b*0awm [d yXrra*¾g yXrZÑmedaum ta[mod? 'kwd,m-'a,m 'kwd,wwd,pwkw¬ZÑmedum yÍöuea, yÍörZÑmeó ra*¾gew¬Dwd aom avmuda,m ta[moDwd avmud,avmukwå&rdóuHoE¨ma,wH 0kwåH/ aooH oAÁw¬ Owåmear0gwd/ (r?|?4?149/)

283 ÓPÍö ye ar 'óeH O'yg'd? tukyÜg ar apawm0drkwåd/ t,rEÅdrmZmwd? ew¬d 'ged ykeAÇa0g}}wd/ (r?3?201/)


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286 (tH?3?65/) 287 (pmrsufESm-180 wGif Munfhyg/)


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6/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...'Davmukwå&mw&m; udk;yg;[m Oypm&orm"d odkYr[kwf tyÜemorm"d qdkwJh wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom orm"d&dSaewJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSmom jynhfpHkEdkifygw,f? Oypm&orm"dodkYr[kwf tyÜemorm"d r&dSwJh yk*¾dKvf&JU oEÅmefrSm rjynfhpHkEdkifyg/

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288 (tH?3?65-67/)


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'Dvdk ur®|mef;w&m;udk t&Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fjrwfu ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/289

289 (tH?|?3?225/)


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290 ("r®y'?42/ *gxmeHygwf?194/)


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292 ('D?|?2?182/)


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297 (oH?3?279/ 0d?1?89/ r?2?89/ r?3?125/)


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303 (r?1?226-227/ r?|?2?90/)


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304 (oH?3?204/) 305 (r?236-244/ ty'ge?|?1?78/)


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306 (r?|?2?95-96/)


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307 (oH?2?113/)


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cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYur&Sdbl;vdkY ajymqdkaewJh taMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf;r&Sdbl;vdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... avmurSmynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYu &Sdygw,fvdkY ajymqdkaewJh taMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf; &Sdygw,fvdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYur&Sdbl;vdkY ajymqdkaewJh b,fvdktaMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf;r&Sdbl;vdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygovJ¿ avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYu edpö = jrJwJhç "k0 = cdkifcHhwJhç oów = wnfwhHwJhç t0dy&dPmr"r®(= azmufjyefysufpD;rI)oabm vkH;0r&SdwJh ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg&0dnmPfqdkwm r&Sdygbl;vdkY ajymqdkaeMuygw,f/ igbk&m;&Sifuvnf;xdkoabmw&m;rsKd;[m r&Sdbl;vdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f/ cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... 'guawmh avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYur&Sdygbl;vdkY ajymqdkaewJh taMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf; 'DvdktaMumif;t&mrsKd;rSm r&Sdbl;vdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f ---- qdkwJhtaMumif;t&myJ jzpfygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYu&Sdygw,fvdkY ajymqdkaewJh b,fvdktaMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf; &Sdygw,fvdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygovJ¿ avmurSm ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wdkYu tedpö = rjrJwJhç 'ku© = qif;&JwJhç 0dy&dPmr"r® (= azmufjyefysufpD;rI)oabm&SdwJh ½kyf a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPf-qdkwm&Sdygw,fvdkY ajymqdkaeMuygw,f/ igbk&m;&Sifuvnf; xdkoabmw&m;rsKd;[m &Sdygw,fvdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...


'guawmh avmurSm ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;wdkYu &Sdygw,fvdkY ajymqdkaewJh taMumif;t&mrsKd;udk igbk&m;&Sifuvnf; 'Dvdk taMumif;t&mrsKd;rSm &Sdygw,fvdkYyJ ajymqdkawmfrlygw,f --- qdkwJh taMumif;t&myJjzpfygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... avmurSm avmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;[m xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ 'Davmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;udk wxm*wtrnf&awmfrlwJh oifwdkYq&m igbk&m;[m or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlygw,f? or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifhudk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmuf odjrifawmfrlygw,f/ ,if;avmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;udk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcgç or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcg 'Davmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;udk tusOf;tm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? tus,ftm;jzifhvnf;a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? o½kyfxkwfum uGJuGJjym;jym; odatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? 'Dw&m;awG oifcspfom;wdkY&JUtodÓPfrSm wnf&Sdvmatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f?O'g[½kPf ykHpHxkwfumvnf; zGifhqdkjyay;awmfrlygw,f? teuft"dyÜm,fudk cGJjcm;a0zefumvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? Oyrmjyumay:vGifxif&Sm;atmifvnf; jyKvkyfay;awmfrlygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... wxm*wtrnf&awmfrlwJh oifwdkYq&migbk&m;[m avmu"r®trnf&wJh ,if;ocFg&w&m;udk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlygw,f? or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifhudk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlygw,f/ ,if;avmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;udk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcgç or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcg 'Davmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&w&m;udk tusOf;


tm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? tus,ftm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? o½kyfxkwfum uGJuGJjym;jym; odatmifvnf;a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? 'Dw&m;awG oifcspfom;wdkY&JU todÓPfrSmwnf&Sdvmatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? O'g[½kPf ykHpHxkwfumvnf; zGifhqdkjyay;awmfrlygw,f? teuft"dyÜm,fudk cGJjcm;a0zefumvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? Oyrmjyum ay:vGifxif&Sm;atmifvnf; jyKvkyfay;awmfrlygw,f/ avmurSm avmu"r®trnf&wJh,if;ocFg&w&m;qdkwmu bmvJ¿

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... ½kyf (a0'em onm ocFg& 0dnmPf)[mavmurSm avmu"r®trnf&wJh ocFg&oabmw&m;yJ jzpfygw,f/avmurSm avmu"r®trnf&wJh ,if;½kyf (a0'em onm ocFg&0dnmPf) ocFg&oabmw&m;udk wxm*wtrnf&awmfrlwJh oifwdkYq&m igbk&m;[m or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlygw,f?or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmuf xGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlygw,f/ ,if;ocFg&oabmw&m;udk or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh xdk;xGif;odjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcgç or®m'd|dÓPfynmjzifh udk,fwdkifrsufarSmufxGif;azmufodjrifawmfrlNyD;wJhtcg ,if;ocFg&oabmw&m;udk tusOf;tm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? tus,ftm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? o½kyfxkwfum uGJuGJjym;jym; odatmifvnf;a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? 'Dw&m;awG oifcspfom;wdkY&JU todÓPfrSmwnf&Sdvmatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? O'g[½kPf ykHpHxkwfumvnf; zGifhqdkjyay;awmfrlygw,f? teuft"dyÜm,fudk cGJjcm;a0zefumvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f? (½kyf[m a&jr§KyfqdkifeJY yrmwlw,f? a0'em[m a&yGufeJY yrmwlw,f? onm[m wHvQyfeJY yrmwlw,f? ocFg&awG[m iSufaysmwkH;eJY yrmwlMuw,f? 0dnmPf[mrsufvSnfh½kyfeJY yrmwlw,f..ponfjzihf) Oyrmjyum ay:vGifxif&Sm;


atmifvnf; jyKvkyfay;awmfrlygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf[m wxm*wtrnf&awmfrlwJh oifwdkYq&m igbk&m;u 'Dvdk tusOf;tm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlaeygvsuf tus,ftm;jzifhvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlaeygvsuf o½kyfxkwfum uGJuGJjym;jym; odatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlaeygvsuf 'Dw&m;awG oifcspfom;wdkY&JU todÓPfrSm wnf&Sdvmatmifvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlaeygvsuf O'g[½kPf ykHpHxkwfumvnf; zGifhqdkjyay;awmfrlaeygvsuf teuft"dyÜm,fudk cGJjcm;a0zefumvnf; a[mMum;ay;awmfrlaeygvsuf (½kyf[m a&jr§KyfqdkifeJY yrmwlw,f?a0'em[m a&yGufeJY yrmwlw,f? onm[m wHvQyfeJY yrmwlw,f?ocFg&awG[m iSufaysmwkH;eJY yrmwlMuw,f? 0dnmPf[m rsufvSnfh½kyfeJYyrmwlw,f .. ponfjzihf) Oyrmjyum ay:vGifxif&Sm;atmifvnf;jyKvkyfay;aeawmfrlaeygvsuf avmu"r®trnf&wJh ,if;ocFg&oabmw&m;udk ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh rod? ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh rjrif/cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... 'Dvdk rodrjrifwJh ÓPfynmrsufpd r&SdwJh ynmrsufpd uef;aewJh rdkufrJvSwJh 'Dvdk ykxkZefirdkufom;udk igbk&m;&Sif[mbmvkyfay;EdkifawmhrSmvJ¿

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... jzpfoifhjzpf&m EIdif;cdkif;zG,f&m avmuOyrmjzifh ajymjy&rnfqdkvQif OyÜvmMum r'krmMum yk@&dwfMumqdkwJhMumyef;awG[m a&xJrSmyJ jzpfay:cJh&w,f? a&xJrSmyJ BuD;yGm;cJh&w,f?a&xJrS a&rsufESmjyifay:odkY wufa&mufum yGifhvef;vmwJhtcg a&ESifhvdrf;usHrIr&SdbJ a&ay:rSm &yfwnfaeEdkifcJhw,f/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...'DOyrmtwlyJ wxm*wtrnf&awmfrlwJh oifwdkYq&m igbk&m;[mvnf; 'DMoumoavmuBuD;xJrSm arG;zGm;vmcJh&w,f? BuD;yGm;vmcJh&w,f? 'DMoumoavmuBuD;xJrSm arG;zGm;vmcJh&aomfvnf; BuD;yGm;vmcJh&aomfvnf; avmuBuD;udk ausmfvTm;vTrf;rdk;um avmuBuD;ESifh Niduyf


vdrf;usHrIr&SdbJ oDwif;okH;aexdkifawmfrlEdkifygw,f}}308

'Dokwåefuawmh ykyæokwåefyJ jzpfygw,f/ w&m;emy&dowfawGudkawmh xyfrHNyD; wdkufwGef;yg&ap/

rdrdwdkY[mvnf; bk&m;&Sif&JU rsufuG,ftjyKcHxm;Mu&wJhç ocFg&"r®awGudk ÓPfynmrsufpdjzifh rodrjrifMuwJhç ÓPfynmrsufpd r&SdMuwJhçynmrsufpduef;aeMuwJhç rdkufrJvSwJh ykxkZefirdkufom;awG pm&if;xJrSmryg0ifMu&atmifawmh BudK;pm;MuygvdkY ..wdkufwGef;vdkufygw,f/

rrrrr[m[m[m[m[maaaaa*god*F*god*F*god*F*god*F*god*FtttttifMuif;ifMuif;ifMuif;ifMuif;ifMuif;aaaaawmBuwmBuwmBuwmBuwmBu DD DD D;udk wifhw,f;udk wifhw,f;udk wifhw,f;udk wifhw,f;udk wifhw,fapapapapapolololololrrrrrsm;sm;sm;sm;sm;

tvGefarT;BudKifwJh tifMuif;yef;wdkYjzifh a0qmjyefYajymvsuf&SdaewJhr[ma*god*FtifMuif;awmBuD;twGif;0,f udavomawmcsKHykwfawGudktjrpfygrusef&atmif &Sif;vif;xm;awmfrlNyD;MuwJh rax&fjrwfBuD;wdkY&JUaqG;aEG;yGJwpfcktaMumif;t&mudk r[ma*god*FokwåefrSm309 azmfjyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dokwåefudk tusOf;csKyfum emMum;Mu&atmif ../

wpfcsdefrSm bk&m;&SifESifhwuG xif&Sm;ausmfMum;awmfrlMuwJh t&Sifom&dykMwm t&Sifr[marm*¾v’mef t&Sifr[muóy t&SiftEk½k'¨gt&SiftmeEm t&Sifa&0w tp&SdwJh &[EÅmrax&fjrwfBuD; awmfawmfcyfrsm;rsm;[m r[ma*god*FtifMuif;awmBuD;twGif;rSm oDwif;okH;pHaeawmfrlvsuf &SdMuygw,f/ xdktcsdeftcgrSm t&SiftmeEmrax&fjrwfuawmh aomwmyeftqifhwGifom wnf&Sdaeygao;w,f/ xdkrax&fjrwfBuD;awG[m naecsrf;tcgrSm w&m;em,l&efqdkwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifht&Sifom&dykMwm rax&fjrwfBuD;xHodkY csOf;uyfawmfrlMuygw,f/

308 (oH?2?113/ oH?|?2?293/) 309 (r?1?272-281/)


xdkaeY nOfhtcgum; .. qD;ESif;tnpftaMu;ç jrLtnpftaMu;çwdrftnpftaMu;ç tol&defzrf;jcif;tnpftaMu;ç rD;cdk;tnpftaMu;qdkwJh tnpftaMu;ig;rsKd;wdkYrS uif;pifaewJh ntcgvnf; jzpfaeygw,f/ vjynfh0ef;uvnf; xGef;vif;awmufyvsuf &Sdaeygw,f/tifMuif;yef;awGuvnf; tifMuif;yifwdkif;rSm tvGefwifhw,fpGmyGifhvef;a0qmvsuf &SdaeMuygw,f/ tvGefarT;BudKifaewJh tifMuif;yef;&eHYwdkYu ewfyef;uJhodkY BudKifvIdifwJh &eHYwdkYjzifh wpfawmvkH;udk vTrf;jcHKxm;vsuf &SdaeMuygw,f/ atmufajcawmcsKHykwfawG &Sif;aewJh tvGefwifhw,fwJh awmtkyfBuD;wpfckvnf; jzpfaeygw,f/

]]'Dvdk tifMuif;awmBuD;[m tb,fuJhodkYaom &[ef;awmfrsKd;jzifhwifhw,fEkdifygovJ¿ ..}}vdk Y t&Sifom&dykMwmrax&fjrwfBuD;ut&SiftmeEmrax&fjrwfBuD;udk pwifum ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/tJ'DtcgrSm t&SiftmeEmrax&fjrwfu 'Dvdk tajzay;awmfrlygw,f/

]]t&Sifbk&m; om&dykMwm ...'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m .. tp tv,f tqkH; okH;yg;tpkH aumif;jcif;*kPfawGeJYjynfhpkHawmfrlaewJhç teufo'geJYvnf; jynfhpkHawmfrlaewJhç Ekwfy,fypfzdkY&ef tydkvnf;r&Sd jznfhpGufzdkY&ef vdktyfcsufvnf;r&Sd tbufbufrStm;vkH;jynfhpkHaewJhç tbufbufrSvnf; tvGefoefY&Sif;pifMu,faewJhçrGefjrwfwJh usifhpOft&yf&yfawGudk azmfjyaewJh bk&m;&Sif&JU w&m;awmfrsm;udk y&d,wådtod (= oifod)ç y#da0"tod (= usifhod)qdkwJh 'DvdktodESpfrsKd;jzifh tMum;+tjrif (= A[kókw) rsm;jym;aew,f/ 'Dvdk&[ef;awmfrsKd;[m toHaetoHxm; yDjyifaumif;rGefpGmjzifh udavomtmoa0gw&m;awGudk tEko,"mwfikwfyg rusef&atmif y,fEkwfay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf ynmusifhpOfawGukdt&[wåzdkvfaygufonftxd a[mMum;jyo qdkqkH;ray;aernfqdkvQif


'Dvdk &[ef;awmfrsKd;jzifh 'DtifMuif;awmBuD;udk wifhw,fapEkdif&mygw,f}}..vdkY 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

wpfzef t&Sifom&dykMwmrax&fjrwfBuD;u t&Sifa&0wrax&ftm; ykHpHwlyJ ar;jref;awmfrlvdkufjyefw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSmvnf; t&Sifa&0wrax&fjrwfu 'Dvdk jyefvnfum avQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

]]t&Sifbk&m; om&dykMwm ... 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m wpfyg;xD;wnf; udef;atmif;awmfrlavh&Sdw,f? wpfyg;xD;wnf; udef;atmif;ae&wmudk arGUavsmfaysmfykduf ESpfNcdKufw,f? rdrd&JUudk,fwGif; tZÑwåoEÅmefrSm pdwfwnfNidrfrI orm"dudk &&Sdatmif oDvudktajccHum orxbm0emudk tpOfwpdkuf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvsuf&Sdw,f? 'Dvdk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfvdkY &&Sdxm;wJh b,fawmhrS ravQmuswJhpsmeform"dawGvnf; &Sdaew,f? oDvESifh psmeform"dudk tajccHumyGm;rsm;tm;xkwfxm;wJh tqifhqifhaom 0dyóembm0emawGvnf;xif&Sm;&Sdaew,f? awmausmif;awmifausmif;awGrSm orxbm0em0dyóembm0emawGudk tpOfwpdkuf BudK;pm;tm;xkwfvsuf awmausmif;awmifausmif;awGudk wdk;yGm;apolvnf; jzpfw,f/ 'Dvdk &[ef;awmfrsKd;jzifh 'DtifMuif;awmBuD;udk wifhw,fapEkdif&mygw,f}}..vdkY 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

wpfzef t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwfudkvnf; tvm;wlyJ qufvufum ar;jref;Munfhawmfrljyefw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSmvnf; t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwfu 'Dvdk jyefvnfum avQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

]]t&Sifbk&m; om&dykMwm ... 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m txl;ojzifh pifMu,faewJh vlwdkY&JU yuwdrsufpdtjrifudkausmfvTm;vGefajrmufaewJh ewfwdkY&JU rsufpdESifh tvm;wlaewJh 'dAÁpu©K


tbdnmPf ÓPfawmfjrwfjzifh wpfaxmifaom avmu"mwfukd Munhf½IaeEdkifw,f/ 'Dvdk &[ef;awmfrsKd;jzifh 'DtifMuif;awmBuD;udk wifhw,fapEkdif&mygw,f}}..vdkY 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlvdkufygw,f/

wpfzef t&Sifr[muóyrax&fjrwfBuD;udkvnf; ykHpHwlyJ qufvufum ar;jref;Munfhawmfrljyefygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSmvnf; t&Sifr[m-uóyrax&fjrwfBuD;u 'Dvdk jyefvnfavQmufxm;awmfrlygw,f/

]]t&Sifbk&m; om&dykMwm ... 'DomoemawmfrSm &[ef;awmfwpfyg;[m rdrdudk,fwdkifuvnf; tm&nuif"kwifudk aqmufwnfumusifhokH;w,f? yd@ygwf"kwifudk aqmufwnfum usifhokH;w,f? yHokul-v"kwifudk aqmufwnfum usifhokH;w,f? wdpD0&duf"kwifudk aqmufwnfum usifhokH;w,f? 'D"kwifawG&JU *kPfaus;Zl;awGudkvnf; olwpfyg;awGudk a[mMum;jyoay;avh&Sdw,f/ rdrdudk,fwdkifuvnf; tvdkenf;yg;jcif; = tyÜdpä*kPfç a&mifh&JvG,fjcif; = oEÅK|d*kPfç 0da0uokH;jzmüarGUavsmfjcif; = y0d0dwå*kPfç a&ma&maESmaESm raexdkifjcif; = toHo*¾-*kPfç tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; = tm&'¨0D&d,*kPfç oDvESifhjynfhpkHjcif; = oDvorÜEé*kPfç orm"dESifh jynfhpkHjcif; = orm"dorÜEé*kPfçynmESifh jynfhpkHjcif; = ynmorÜEé*kPfç udavomwdkYrS vGwfajrmufrIt&[wåzdkvfESifh jynfhpkHjcif; = 0drkwådorÜEé*kPfç 0drkwådÓPftjrifESifhjynfhpkHjcif; = 0drkwådÓP'óeorÜEé*kPf ---- 'Dvdk *kPfaus;Zl; trsKd;rsKd;awGeJY jynfhpkHw,f/ 'Dvdk *kPfaus;Zl;trsKd;rsKd;awGESifh qufpyfaewJhcsD;rGrf;zG,f w&m;pum;awGudkvnf; olwpfyg;wdkYtm; a[mMum;jyoqdkqkH;ray;wwfw,f/ 'Dvdk&[ef;awmfrsKd;jzifh 'DtifMuif;awmBuD;udkwifhw,fapEkdif&mygw,f}}..vdkY 'Dvdk wifjyavQmufxm;awmfrlygw,f/

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tvm;wlyJ aomwmywådr*fÓPfü wnf&SdcJhzl;wJh t&d,molawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m tjcm;olwpfOD;udkvnf; aomwmywådr*fÓPfüwnf&Sdvmatmifç ou'g*grdr*fÓPfü wnf&SdcJhzl;wJh t&d,molawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m tjcm;olwpfOD;udkvnf; ou'g*grdr*fÓPfü wnf&Sdvmatmifç tem*grdr*fÓPfü wnf&SdcJhzl;wJh t&d,molawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m tjcm;olwpfOD;udkvnf; tem*grdr*fÓPfü wnf&Sdvmatmifç t&[wår*fÓPfü wnf&SdcJhzl;wJh t&d,molawmfaumif;wpfOD;[m tjcm;olwpfOD;udkvnf; t&[wår*fÓPfü wnf&Sdvmatmif r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;vdkYqdkwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOfynmusifhpOfawGukd wu,fvufawGU vdkufemjyKusifhapvsuf vufqifhurf;um aexdkifoGm;MurnfqdkvQif 'D&[ef;awmfawG[mvnf; bk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmftwGif;rSm aumif;rGefpGm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaeMuwJhaumif;rGefpGm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaeMuwJhaumif;rGefpGm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaeMuwJhaumif;rGefpGm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaeMuwJhaumif;rGefpGm oDwif;okH;aexdkifaeMuwJh&[ef;awmfawGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ aomwmywådr*fÓPfudk &&Sda&;twGuf 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJh tm&'¨0dyóuyk*d¾Kvf[m tjcm;olwpfOD;udkvnf; aomwmywådr*fÓPfudk&&Sda&;twGuf 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaewJh tm&'0dyóuyk*d¾Kvfjzpfatmifç ou'g*grdr*fÓPfudk


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&[ef;awmfawG[m 'Dvdk aexdkifoGm;MurnfqdkvQif 'DavmuBuD;[m &[EÅmyk*d¾KvfawGjzifh b,fawmhrS qdwfokOf;roGm;Edkifbl;vdkYqdkvdkygw,f/

'Dr[ma*god*FokwåefrSm vm&SdawmfrlMuwJh ckepfrsKd;ukefaomt&d,molawmfaumif;BuD;awG[mvnf; bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif pdkufysKd;wnfaxmifoGm;awmfrlwJh omoemhtifMuif;awmO,smOfBuD;twGif;rSmrdrdwdkY &&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfMuwJh 0dyóemÓPf t&d,r*fÓPf t&d,zdkvfÓPfqdkwJh w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfawGudk tjcm;olawGvnf; &&Sdvmatmif r*¾if&Spfyg; usifhpOfw&m;vdkYac:qdkwJh oDvusifhpOf orm"dusifhpOf


ynmusifhpOfawGukd wu,fvufawGU vdkufemjyKusifhapvsuf vufqifhurf;um omoemawmfrSm aumif;rGefpGm aexdkifoGm;awmfrlMuwJh pHxm;&rnfh olawmfaumif;BuD;awGyJ jzpfMuygw,f? avmurSm &[EÅmyk*d¾KvfawGjzifh b,fawmhrS qdwfokOf;roGm;&atmif BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;awmfrlMuwJh olawmfaumif;BuD;awGyJ jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dolawmfaumif;BuD;awG&JU tqifhqifh BudK;yrf;rIaMumifh ,aeYodkYwdkifatmif omoemawmfBuD; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJjzpfygw,f/

bk&m;&Sif&JU Obk&m;&Sif&JU Obk&m;&Sif&JU Obk&m;&Sif&JU Obk&m;&Sif&JU O DD DD D;wnf;wnf;wnf;wnf;wnfcccccsufsufsufsufsuf

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ... oifcspfom;wdkYtm; oHo&m0JMoCa&tvsOfrS xGufajrmuf&mjzpfwJh edAÁmefqdkwJh xdkrSmbufurf;odkY ul;cyf&eftvdkYiSmomvQif azmifOyrm&SdwJh r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;qdkwJh "r®udkigbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f? pGJvrf;qkyfudkifxm;zdkY&eftwGuf &nf&G,fawmfrlum a[mMum;xm;awmfrljcif; r[kwfyg/ cspfom;&[ef;wdkY ... oifcspfom;wdkYtm; igbk&m; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlwJhazmifOyrm&SdwJh r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;qdkwJh "r®udk od&Sd MuwJholawG[m(r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;rSm tusKH;0ifaewJh) orx 0dyóembm0emwdkYtay:rSm vdkvm;wyfrufaewJh qE&m*"r®awGudkaomfvnf; edAÁmefqdkwJhxdkrSmbufurf;odkY a&muf&SdwJhtcg pGefYy,fxm;cJh&rnfvdkYom igbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f? umr*kPfudk tm½kHjyKum jzpfay:vmwJh qE´&m*t"r®awGudk pGefYy,fxm;cJh&zdkY qdkwmuawmh ajymjyaezG,fawmifrvdkawmhygbl;/314

d d d d

314 ukv’Lyarm r,m "ar®m a'odawm edw¬&Pw¬m,? aem *[Pw¬m,/ukv’LyrH a0g bdu©a0 "r®H a'odwH tmZmeaEÅ[d "r®myd a0g y[mwAÁmya*0 t"r®m/ (r?1?188/)


cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...

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'Dvdk ESvkH;ydkufum rSefuefwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifh

o'¨gw&m;tjynfht0eJY tdrf&mwnfaxmifwJh

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(pmrsufESm-428/)

udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm;udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm;udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm;udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm;udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm; ] 417 417 417 417 417

tcef; (8)

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0e0e0e0e0eaaaaawm wm wm wm wm ZZZZZm,m,m,m,m,aaaaaw b,H = w b,H = w b,H = w b,H = w b,H = aaaaawmwmwmwmwmcccccsKHykwfsKHykwfsKHykwfsKHykwfsKHykwfaaaaaMumifh Mumifh Mumifh Mumifh Mumifh aaaaab;b;b;b;b;''''' ku©ku©ku©ku©ku©trtrtrtrtrsKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;sKd;rrrrrsKd; jsKd; jsKd; jsKd; jsKd; jzpzpzpzpzp fwwfygw,ffwwfygw,ffwwfygw,ffwwfygw,ffwwfygw,f

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315 (oH?2?377-378/)


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cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...taMumif;uawmh ..'Dvdk pGJ,lvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemifwpfzefb0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPf[m wnf&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ b,fvdk wnf&SdoGm;ovJ¿ ---- ½lyg½kHydkif&Sif&JU cE¨mudk,fwpfckvkH;tay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD; wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf;jzpfcsif jzpfaernf/ ½lyg½kHydkif&Sif&JU vufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif;wpfckckç jyHK;[ef &,f[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckcktay:rSmESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsif jzpfaernf/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG jzpfaejcif;[m aemifwpfzef b0opfrSmy#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPfawG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aejcif; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG xif&Sm;jzpfaewJh tcsdeftcgrsKd;rSm tu,fí aooGm;cJhrnfqdkvQifi&JESifhwd&pämef ESpfrsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom bkHb0odkY a&muf&SdrnfqdkwJh'Doabmw&m;[m xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaeygw,f/ cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...'Dvdk tyg,f0#fqif;&J'ku©udk cHpm;&rnfqdkwJh tjypfawGudk awGUjrifawmfrlaewJhtwGufaMumifh 'Dvdk a[mMum;awmfrlvdkufjcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/


uJ..w&m;emy&dowfawG ...rdom;pkawGeJY tjrJ,SOfwGJumaexdkifaeMuwJh rdrdwdkY&JUb0udk jyefvnfum pOf;pm;MunfhMuyg/ rdrdwdkY&JUrdom;pktcsif;csif;tay:rSm rdrdwdkY&JUpnf;pdrfOpömESpfawGtay:rSm aeYpOfaeYpOf ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG[m b,favmufrsm;rsm; jzpfaernfqdkwm cefYrSef;MunhfMuyg/ r*¾if&Spfyg;usifhpOfw&m;awGudk tywfwukwf wu,fwrf; jyif;jyif;xefxef tm;xkwfNyD; raeMubl;qdkvQif 'Dvkd ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGu ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm; ,laeMurSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DMum;xJrSm taMumif;rvSvdkY ESvkH;oGif;awGu xyfNyD; rSm;aeMujyefvQifvnf; a'go arm[ rmefrme £óm rpä&d, pwJh udavomw&m;qdk;awGu xyfrHum ae&mvk,laeMuOD;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkudavomw&m;qdk;awG xif&Sm;jzpfaejcif;[m tyg,foGm;zdkY&eftwGuf&du©mawGudk pkaqmif;&SmazGaewmeJY wlygw,f/ 'gaMumifh aeYpOfaeYpOfrdrdwdkY&JUoEÅmefrSm ukodkvf tukodkvf ESpfrsKd;xJu b,fw&m;u ydkNyD;tjzpfrsm;aew,fqdkwmudkawmh rdrd&JUtusKd;udk vdkvm;awmifhwcJhvQiftjrJwrf; qifjcifMunfhoifhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu *'´KvA'¨okwåefrSm316 'Dvdk rMumcP rjywfrvyf qifjcifzdkY&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

]]cspfom; &[ef;wkdY ...'gaMumifh 'DomoemawmfjrwftwGif;rSmoifcspfom;wkdYwpfawG[m rdrdwkdY&JUpdwfukd 'DigwkdY&JU pdwf[m aenOfhoHo&m &SnfjrifhpGmaom tcsdeftcgumvwkdYywfvHk; &m*aMumifh npfEGrf;ae&w,f? a'goaMumihf npfEGrf;ae&w,f? arm[aMumifh npfEGrf;ae&w,fvkdY 'DvkdrMumcP tjrJrjywf qifjcifay;Muyg/ cspfom;

316 wo®mwd[ bdu©a0 tbdu©PH ouHpdwåH ypöa0u©dwAÁH? ]]'DC&wård'HpdwåH oHudvd|H &ma*e a'gaoe arma[em}}wd? pdwåoHudavombdu©a0 owåm oHudvdóEÅd? pdwåa0g'gem owåm 0dokZÑEÅd/ (oH?2?123??)


&[ef;wkdY ...taMumif;ukd ajymjy&vQifawmh .. pdwf"mwfawGnpfEGrf;jcif;aMumifh owå0gawG[m oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku© tyg,f0#fqif;&J'ku©t00wdkYjzifh npfEGrf;aeMu&w,f? t&[wår*fa&pifaMumifh pdwf"mwfawG jzLpifoefY&Sif;oGm;MuwJhtwGuf owå0gawGvnf;pifMu,foefY&Sif;oGm;Muygw,f/}}316

ooooo''''' ´g½kH´g½kH´g½kH´g½kH´g½kHtatatatatay:y:y:y:y:rrrrr Sm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfrrrrrufufufufufrrrrr II II Itttttjyjyjyjyjyppppp ff ff f

½lyg½kHtaMumif;udk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf o'´g½kHponfwdkYudkvnf; qufvufum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ emMum;MunhfMu&atmif ../

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...&J&JndwJh wajymifajymif awmufyaewJhrD;awmufrD;vQHESifh twlwuGjzpfaewJh oHcRefwpfckeJY apmif;vsuftdyfaewJh oifcspfom;wdkY&JU em;ESpfbufudk xkwfcsif;aygufatmifxdk;azmufvdkufjcif;[m jrwfao;w,f? aomw0dnmPfeJY Mum;vdkuf&wJhtoHtrsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm ..toH&Sif[m a,mufsm;yJ rdef;ryJ tzdk;BuD;yJ tzGm;BuD;yJ om;yJ orD;yJ ajr;yJ ponfjzifh a,mufsm; rdef;rpwJhykHoP²mefedrdwfudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;? toH&Sif&JUvufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;wpfckckudkç ajym[efqdk[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckckudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...taMumif;uawmh ..'Dvdk pGJ,lvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPf[m wnf&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ b,fvdk wnf&SdoGm;ovJ¿ ---- toH&Sif&JU cEmudk,fwpfckvkH;tay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh&pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ toH&Sif&JU vufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif; wpfckckç


ajym[ef qdk[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&m wpfckcktay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD; wnfaewJhpdwftpOfawG jzpfaejcif;[m aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaEtusKd;udkay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPfawG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aejcif; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/


*E*E*E*E*E ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨m½kHm½kHm½kHm½kHm½kHtatatatatay:y:y:y:y:rrrrr Sm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfrrrrrufufufufufrrrrr II II Itttttjyjyjyjyjyppppp ff ff f

*E¨m½kHtaMumif;udk qufvufNyD; emMum;MunhfMu&atmif ../'Dvdk emMum;wJhtcgrSm om;i,f orD;i,f ajr;i,f polwdkYudk ayGUzuferf;½Iyfaecdkufudk tm½kH,lxm;yg/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...&J&JndwJh wajymifajymif awmufyaewJhrD;awmufrD;vQHESifh twlwuGjzpfaewJh tvGefxufvSwJh vufonf;vSD;"m;i,feJY ESmacgif;xJudk "m;i,fudkoGif;um aMurGoGm;atmif xdk;jzwfaejcif;u jrwfygao;w,f? Cme0dnmPfeJY odvdkuf&wJh erf;½SLvdkuf&wJhteYH*Em½kHawGtay:rSm .. teYHydkif&Sif[m a,mufsm;yJ rdef;ryJ tzdk;BuD;yJtzGm;BuD;yJ om;yJ orD;yJ ajr;yJ ponfjzifh a,mufsm; rdef;rpwJhykHoP²mefedrdwfudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;? teYHydkif&Sif&JUvufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;wpfckckudkç jyHK;[ef &,f[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckckudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;/


cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...taMumif;uawmh ..'Dvdk pGJ,lvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPf[m wnf&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ b,fvdk wnf&SdoGm;ovJ¿ ---- teYHydkif&Sif&JU cEmudk,fwpfckvkH;tay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh&pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/teYHydkif&Sif&JU vufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif;wpfckckç jyHK;[ef&,f[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckcktay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh&pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG jzpfaejcif;[m aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaEtusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJhpGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPfawG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aejcif; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/


&om½kH&om½kH&om½kH&om½kH&om½kHtatatatatay:y:y:y:y:rrrrr Sm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfSm om,mwyfrrrrrufufufufufrrrrr II II Itttttjyjyjyjyjyppppp ff ff f

&om½kHtaMumif;udk qufNyD; ajymMu&atmif ../

'D&om½kHudk okH;aqmifrIeJY ywfoufvdkY (u) tmrdo&o odkYr[kwfy&dabm*&o (c) oarÇm*&oqdkNyD;awmh &oESpfrsKd; cGJjcm;jyxm;awmfrlygw,f/ tmrdo&oqdkwmuawmh rdrdwdkY okH;aqmifaewJh pm;zG,faomufzG,f toG,foG,fawGrSm wnf&SdaewJh &om½kH (= t&om)udk


qdkvdkygw,f/ y&dabm*&ovdkYvnf; trnfwpfrsKd;eJY ac:qdkygw,f??317

'Dtmrdo&oudkawmh bk&m;&Sifu 'DokwåefrSm wdkuf½kdufa[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ 'Dtmrdo&oudk tm½kHjyKum jzpfay:aewJh ESpfoufom,m wyfrufrI (= &owPSm)udkvnf; wdkuf½kduf&nfñTef;awmfrlum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

oarÇm*&oqdkwmuawmh ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f&m £|m½kHESifhjzpfaprESpfouf rjrwfEdk;zG,f&m ted|m½kHESifhjzpfap aygif;azmf,SOfwGJrdwJhtcgrSm jzpfay:vmwJh okH;aqmifcHpm;rI &oudk qdkvdkygw,f? ESpfoufjrwfEdk;zG,f&m £|m½kHawGESifh awGUMuHKwJhtcg xdk£|m½kHydkif&SifwdkYESifh twl,SOfwGJaexdkif&jcif; pum;ajymqdkae&jcif; &,farmae&jcif; twlpm;aomufae&jcif; twloGm;vmae&jcif; ponfwdkYtay:rSm ESpfoufom,maewJh &o (= t&om)wpfrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ rESpfoufrjrwfEdk;zG,f&m ted|m½kHawGESifh aygif;azmf,SOfwGJ rSD0Jae&wJh tcgrSmvnf; rESpfNcdKufwJh &o (= t&om)wpfrsKd; jzpfaewwfygw,f/ xdk&o (= t&om)rsKd;awGudk oarÇm*&ovdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'DokwåefrSmawmh bk&m;&Sifu £|m½kHESifh awGUMuHKwJhtcgrSm jzpfay:aewJh oarÇm*&oudk tm½kHjyKum jzpfay:aewJh ESpfoufom,mwyfrufrIudk oG,f0dkufaomenf;tm;jzifh &nfñTef;awmfrlum a[mMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

'gaMumifh 'Dtydkif;rSm ESpfrsKd;cGJajymrS bk&m;&Sif qdkvdkawmfrlwJhoabmt"dyÜm,fudk em;vnfoabmaygufrSm jzpfygw,f/ a&S;OD;pGmtmrdo&otaMumif;udk ajymMu&atmif ../

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...&J&JndwJh wajymifajymif awmufyaewJhrD;awmufrD;vQHESifh twlwuGjzpfaewJh tvGefxufvSwJh oif"kef;"m;i,feJY oifcspfom;wdkY&JUvQmudk vSD;jzwfvdkufjcif;u jrwfygao;w,f?317 (Zm?|?1?175/ 0drwd?1352/ rlv#D?2?79/)


Zd0Sg0dnmPfeJY odvdkuf&wJh vsufvdkuf&wJh &om½kHtrsKd;rsKd;awGtay:rSm -MuufyJ 0ufyJ ig;yJ ykpGefyJ ponfjzifh oP²mefedrdwfudk pGJ,ljcif;[mvnf;rjrwfygbl;? tonf;tjrpfyJ ig;ydyJ ig;qkyfyJ ponfjzifh tpdwftydkif;wpfckckudk pdwfu pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...taMumif;uawmh ..'Dvdk pGJ,lvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPf[m wnf&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ b,fvdk wnf&SdoGm;ovJ¿ ---- &om½kH&JU wnf&mjzpfwJh Muuf 0uf ig; ykpGefpwJh wpfaumifvkH;&JU t&omtay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD; wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ &om½kH&JU wnf&mjzpfwJhtonf;tjrpf ig;yd ig;qkyfpwJh tpdwftydkif;wpfckck&JU t&omtay:rSmESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfaomfvnf;jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG jzpfaejcif;[m aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPfawG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aejcif; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/


oarÇm*&otaMumif; qufMu&atmif ../'DoarÇm*&ouawmhZd0Sg0dnmPf&JUwnf&mtm½kHawmh r[kwfygbl;? raem0dnmPf&JUwnf&mtm½kHyJ jzpfygw,f/


'gaMumifh raem0dnmPfeJY odtyfwJh £|m½kHjzpfwJh oarÇm*&otm½kHtrsKd;rsKd;udk okH;aqmifcHpm;aewJhtcg rdrdeJY twl,SOfwGJum aysmf&TifaewJh oarÇm*&o&JU wnf&mtm½kHudk a,mufsm;yJ rdef;ryJ tzdk;BuD;yJtzGm;BuD;yJ om;yJ orD;yJ ajr;yJ ponfjzifh a,mufsm; rdef;rpwJhykHoP²mefedrdwfudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf; rjrwfygbl;? 'DoarÇm*&o&JUwnf&mtm½kH&JU vufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif;wpfckckudkçjyHK;[ef &,f[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckckudk pGJ,lvdkufjcif;[mvnf;rjrwfygbl;/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...taMumif;uawmh ..'Dvdk pGJ,lvdkufrnfqdkvQif aemifwpfzef b0opfrSm y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPf[m wnf&SdoGm;NyD jzpfygw,f/ b,fvdk wnf&SdoGm;ovJ¿ --- oarÇm*&oydkif&Sif&JU cEmudk,fwpfckvkH;tay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf;jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ oarÇm*&oydkif&Sif&JU vufajc rsufESmpwJh udk,ft*Fgtpdwftydkif;wpfckckç jyHK;[ef &,f[efpwJh udk,ftrlt&mwpfckcktay:rSm ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawGaomfvnf; jzpfcsifjzpfaernf/ 'Dvdk ESpfoufom,mrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUNyD;wnfaewJh pdwftpOfawG jzpfaejcif;[m aemifwpfzef b0opfrSmy#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;EdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdaewJh ur®0dnmPfawG xif&Sm;jzpfyGm;aejcif; xif&Sm;wnf&Sdaejcif;yJ jzpfygw,f/



rrrrr dd dd daaaaausmif;usmif;usmif;usmif;usmif;aaaaab;b;b;b;b;qqqqq dk;Budk;Budk;Budk;Budk;Bu DD DD D;;;;;

bk&m;&Sif[m t*FkwådK&f pwkuúedygwf ODrdb,okwåefrSm318 enf;rSefvrf;rSef ESvkH;oGif;wwfwJh a,medaomreodum&w&m; xif&Sm;r&SdMuwJhomoemh0efxrf; &Sif&[ef;awmfrsm; awGUMuHKEdkifwJh ab;qdk;BuD; av;rsKd;udk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ 'Dav;rsKd;xJrSm 0rf;Adkufjynhfa&;twGuf tpmtm[m& &SmazGae&wJhtcg qif;&J'ku©t00awGESifh&ifqdkifae&wJh ab;qdk;BuD;udk ukrÇDvb, (= rdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD;)vdkYa[mMum;qkH;rxm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/ w&m;emy&dowfawGudk 'Drdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD;rS vGwfajrmufapvdkwJh &nf&G,fcsufjzifh bk&m;&Sif qdkqkH;rxm;awmfrlwJh 'Drdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD;taMumif;t&mudk twdkcsKyfumrdwfqufay;vdkygw,f/

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...rdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD;qkdwm bmvJ¿cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...'DavmurSm trsKd;aumif;om; wpfa,muf[m'Dvdk pOf;pm;w,f -- ]ig[m y#doaE¨wnfae&jcif;'ku© tdk&jcif;'ku©aoausysufpD;&jcif;'ku© pdk;&drfylaqG;&jcif;'ku© idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif;'ku©udk,fqif;&J&jcif;'ku© pdwfqif;&J&jcif;'ku© jyif;pGmylyef&jcif;'ku©qdkwJh'ku©wGif;BuD;xJodkY qif;oufum wnfae&w,f? 'ku©wGif;BuD;xJodkYouf0ifNyD; wnfae&w,f? 'ku©trsKd;rsKd;wdkY&JU tn§Of;yef; tESdyfpufudkcHae&w,f? csrf;omokct00rS uif;aewJh qif;&J'ku©oufoufomwnf&SdaewJh 'D'ku©wkH; 'ku©tpktykHBuD;&JU tqHk;tydkif;tjcm;udk jyKvkyfaumif; jyKvkyfEdkifygvdrfhrnf} 'Dvdk ESvkH;ydkufum rSefuefwJh OD;wnfcsufjzifh o'gw&m;tjynfht0eJY tdrf&mwnfaxmifwJhvlUabmifudk pGefYcGmumtdrf&mraxmifwJh&[ef;abmifodkY 0ifa&mufum &Sif&[ef; jyKvmw,f/

318 (tH?1?438-441/)


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tu,fí r&PmoEéaZmu tukodkvfaZm jzpfcJhvQif tyg,fav;bkH wpfbkHbkHrSm y#doaE¨wnfae&rSm jzpfygw,f/ tu,fír&PmoEéaZmu ukodkvfaZmjzpfcJhvQifawmh uHtm;avsmfpGm ok*wdbkHwpfbkHbkHrSm y#doaEwnfae&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh r&PmoEéaZm[m 'k*¾wdESifh ok*wd oHo&mc&D;ESpfckudk vrf;cGJay;aewJh vrf;qkHblwm½kHwpfck jzpfygw,f/ vrf;cGJay;aewJh anmifndKyifpcef; wpfckvdkYvnf;qdkEdkifygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm r&PmoEéaZmu tusKd;ay;w,fvdkY rqdkvdkygbl;/r&PmoEéaZmu tm;ay;axmufyhHwwfwJh Oyw¬rÇu taMumif;uHwpfrsKd;om jzpfygw,f/ r&PmoEéaZmrwdkifrD jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJhtukodkvfuHawGxJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom tukodkvfuHu &ifhusufvmvdkYtusKd;ay;awmhrnfqdkvQif.. xdktukodkvfuH&JU pGrf;tm;aMumifh r&PmoEéaZmtcgrSm odkYr[kwf r&PmoEéaZm rapmrD tcsdeftcgupNyD;awmh raumif;wJh uH-ur®edrdwf-*wdedrdwfqdkwJh tm½kHokH;rsKd;xJuwpfrsKd;rsKd;[m xifaewwfygw,f/ 'DvdkxifaewJh raumif;wJhtm½kHudktm½kH,lum r&PmoEétukodkvfaZmawGu apmaejcif; jzpfygw,f/'Dvdkr&PmoEétukodkvfaZm&JU taxmuftyHhudk&aewJh tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh &ifhusufaewJh twdwftukodkvfuHuvnf; tyg,fav;bkHwpfbkHbkHrSm vG,fulacsmarmpGmeJY y#doaE¨tusKd;udk ay;vdkufygw,f/

tvm;wlyJ r&PmoEéaZmrwdkifrD jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;wJh ukodkvfuHawGxJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;aom uHu &ifhusufvmvdkY tusKd;ay;awmhrnf


qdkvQifvnf; xdkukodkvfuH&JUpGrf;tm;aMumifh r&PmoEéaZmtcgrSmodkYr[kwf r&PmoEéaZmrapmrD tcsdeftcgu pNyD;awmh aumif;wJhuH-ur®edrdwf-*wdedrdwfqdkwJh tm½kHokH;rsKd;xJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;[m xifaewwfygw,f/ 'Dvdk xifaewJh aumif;wJh tm½kHudk tm½kH,lum r&PmoEéukodkvfaZmawGu apmvmMuw,f/ 'Dvdk r&PmoEéukodkvfaZm&JUtaxmuftyHhudk &aewJh tusKd;ay;awmhrnfh &ifhusufaewJh twdwfukodkvfuHuvnf; ok*wdbkH wpfbkHbkHrSm vG,fulacsmarmpGmeJY y#doaEtusKd;udk ay;vdkufygw,f/

'Dtm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSmawmh bk&m;&Sifu r&PmoEéaZmrapmrD tm½kHajcmufyg; wpfyg;yg;udk tm½kH,lum tBudrfrsm;pGmjzpfaewJhç tusKd;ay;&ef &ifhusufaewJhç ur®0dnmPft&mrSm wnf&SdaewJhtukodkvfuHaMumifh tyg,fav;bkH wpfbkHbkHrSm y#doaE¨wnfaeumcHpm;&rnfh qif;&J'ku©udk &nfñTef;awmfrlum &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; qkdqkH;raeawmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/

'Dvdk tyg,f0#fqif;&J'ku© oHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©tp&SdwJh 0#fqif;&J'ku©t00wdkYrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf udavomawmcsKHykwfawGESifhtqG,ftyGm;awGudk tjrpfygrusef&atmif &Sif;vif;okwfoifypfzdkY&efbk&m;&Sifu &[ef;awmfawGudk wdkufwGef;awmfrlaeygw,f/ 'DudavomawmcsKHykwfawGESifh tqG,ftyGm;awGudk &Sif;vif;okwfoifykHenf;pepfrsm;udk a&SUydkif;u ajymwefoavmuf ajymcJhNyD; jzpfygw,f/ ,ck xyfrHNyD;awmh 'Dtm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSm bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJhudavomawmcsKHykwfawGESifh tqG,ftyGm;awGudk &Sif;vif;okwfoifykHenf;pepfudk qufvufum emMum;MunhfMu&atmif ../

d d d d

udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf ] 439 439 439 439 439

tcef; (9)

udavomtylrD;awGudk Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf

'Dtydkif;uawmh .. a[maeqJjzpfwJh *gxma'oemawmf&JUaemufxuf0ufudk &Sif;vif;wifjyrnhftydkif; jzpfygw,f/ 'D*gxma'oemawmf&JU aemufxuf0uft"dyÜm,fuawmh 'Dvdkyg/

aqwGm 0eÍö 0exÍö? edAÁem a[mx bdu©a0g/4

cspfom; &[ef;wdkY ...oifcspfom;wdkYwpfawG[m udavomawmcsKHykwfudka&mç udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;jzpfwJhudavomcsKHEG,fydwfaygif; opfyifi,ftaygif;udka&m av;yg;aomt&d,r*fÓPfawGeJY jzwfawmufypfMuyg/ 'Dvdk jzwfawmufEdkifMurnfqdkvQifawmh oifcspfom;wkdY&JU oEÅmefrSm udavomtylrD;awG[mNidrf;at;oGm;Muygvdrfhrnf/

tttttmmmmm''''' dwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhdwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhdwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhdwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhdwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhpppppOfOfOfOfOf

'Dtm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSm xdkuJhodkYaom tyg,f0#fqif;&J'ku©pwJh oHo&m0#f'ku©t00wdkYrS vGwfajrmufEdkifa&;twGuf udavom


tylrD;awG Nidrf;at;atmif usifh&rnfhusifhpOfudk bk&m;&Sifu ..

1/ 0w¬K = 'Gg& (6)yg;ç2/ tm½kH (6)yg;ç3/ 0dnmPf (6)yg;ç4/ zó (6)yg;ç5/ a0'em (6)yg; ..

'D½kyfemrfw&m;pkawGudk odrf;qnf;vsuf taMumif;w&m;ESifhwuGaom ,if;½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;pkawGudk vu©Pma&;oHk;wefwifum wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóem ½IyGm;Mu&ef qufvufum ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/

'D½IuGufudk tusOf;csKyfum enf;enf; ajymMu&atmif ../

½lyg½kHeJYqufpyfaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufudk ½IykHenf;pepfudk bk&m;&Sifu 'Dvdk ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/324

½lyg½kHeJY ½lyg½kHeJY ½lyg½kHeJY ½lyg½kHeJY ½lyg½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ pu©K tedpöHç2/ ½lyg tedpömç3/ pu©K0dnmPH tedpöHç4/ pu©Koræaóm tedapömç5/ ,rÜd'H pu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwH okcH 0g 'ku©H 0g

t'ku©rokcH 0g wrÜd tedpöH/

½lyg½kHudk awGUjrifcdkufrSm .. pu©K0w¬Kç ½lyg½kHç pu©K0dnmPfç pu©Koræóç pu©Koræóudk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmwJh okc 'ku©

324 (oH?2?378/)


Oayu©ma0'em - 'Dw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ('ku©vdkY tewåvdkY) 0dyóem½I&ef bk&m;&Sifu ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlygw,f/ 'DñTefMum;xm;awmfrlcsufeJY ywfoufvdkY ½IuGufudk oabmaygufem;vnfEdkif&ef &Sif;vif;wifjycsufuawmh vdktyfaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wpfckNyD;wpfck &Sif;Mu&atmif ../

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ pppppu©K u©K u©K u©K u©K tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = pppppu©Kudk u©Kudk u©Kudk u©Kudk u©Kudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

½lyg½kHudk odjrifaewJh pu©K0dnmPfemrfw&m;pkwdkY&JU rSDí jzpfaewJhrSD&m0w¬K½kyfudk pu©K0w¬K½kyfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f? pu©K'Gg&vdkYvnf; ac:qdkygw,f/ tbd"r®menf;t& pu©K0w¬K½kyfqdkwm pu©KtMunf"mwfudkomqdkvdkygw,f/ odkYaomf okwåefenf;t&uawmh pu©KtMunf"mwfESifhtwlwuG rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm NydKifwljzpfaeMuwJh blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyfawGudk pu©K0w¬K½kyfvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ okwåefa'oemawmf[m ½kyfCeac:wJh ½kyfwkH;½kyfcJawGudk ÓPfeJYNzdKcGJum ½kyfy&rwfodkY ÓPftjrifqdkufatmif ½kyfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJYydkif;jcm;,lum 0dyóem½I&rnfhvkyfief;cGifudk ñTefMum;aeawmfrlwJh a'oemawmfawG jzpfjcif;aMumifhpu©KtMunf"mwfESifh twlwuG rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm NydKifwl jzpfaeMuwJh blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyfawGudk pu©K0w¬K½kyfvdkY ac:qdkaMumif; t|uxmu &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygw,f/ pu©KtMunf"mwfpwJh ½kyfw&m;wdkif;½kyfw&m;wdkif;[mvnf; wpfvkH;csif; wpfckcsif; jzpfEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;r&SdbJ½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ ,if;½kyfuvmyfawGudkÓPfjzifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzmum odrf;qnf;½IyGm;EdkifygrS ½kyfy&rwfodkY ÓPftjrif qdkufa&mufrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'D½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGuom 0dyóemÓPf&JUt½IcHtm½kHawG jzpfMuygw,f/


bk&m;&Sif[m omrnzvokwåefESifh r[moukvk'g,DokwåefawGrSm325 ]]£'Íö ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'H £'Íö ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'H £'Íö ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'H £'Íö ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'H £'Íö ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'H = ig&JU þ0dnmPf[m 'Du&Zum,½kyfrSm rSDjzpfaew,f? 'Du&Zum,½kyfeJY qufpyfjzpfaew,f}} 'Dvdk a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcJhwJhtwGuf emrfw&m;wdkY&JUrSDjzpf&m 0w¬K½kyft& pu©KtMunf"mwfpwJh 0w¬K½kyfoufoufudkomraumuf,lbJ xdkpu©KtMunf"mwfpwJh 0w¬K½kyfESifh twlwuG jzpfaeMuwJh rsufpd em; ESm pwJh xdkxdkXmeawGrSm xif&Sm;wnf&SdaeMuwJhu&Zum,vdkY ac:qdkwJh blw½kyfqdkwJh "mwfBuD;av;yg;ç ,if;"mwfBuD;av;yg;udk rSDwG,fjzpfay:aeMuwJh uvmyfwlOyg'g½kyfawGudkyg aumuf,l&ygw,f/ taMumif;uawmh 'Dae&mrSm ]]yk*¾dKvf owå0g ZD0 twåvl ewf jA[®m r&Sd? ½kyfemrfrQom &Sd\}}vdkY ----- 'Dvdk emrf½kyfudk ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;wwfwJh emr½ly00w¬meÓPfudk tvdk&SdtyfwJh t&mXmejzpfaewJhtwGufaMumifh t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif ½kyfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;ykHudk ñTefjyawmfrljcif;iSm bk&m;&Sifua&m t|uxmrsm;uyg0w¬K½kyft& blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyftm;vkH;udkyif aumuf,lygvdkY a[mMum;awmfrljcif; zGifhqdkawmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/326

325 ('D?1?72/ r?2?209/)326 aom ]]£ar zóyÍörum "r®m uð edódwm}}wd Oy"ma&aEÅm

]]0w¬Kedódwm}}wd yZmemwd/ 0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m? ,H oE¨m,0kwåH ]]£'Íö ye ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH {w¬ y#dA'}}EÅd/ aom tw¬awmblwmed ap0 Oyg'g½lyged p/ ('D?|?2?314/ r?|?2?280/ tbd?|?2?252?£wd0kwf?180/)emr½ly00w¬meó t"dayÜwwåm ed&0aoo½lyy&d*¾[ó 'óew¬H]]0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m}}]]0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m}}]]0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m}}]]0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m}}]]0w¬K emr u&Zuma,m}}wd tm[? e pu©m'Ded q0w¬LeDwd/ u&Z-um,ó ye 0w¬Kbm0om"ew¬H ]]£'Íö ye ar 0dnmPH {w¬ odwH?{w¬ y#dA'¨}}EÅd okwåH tmbwH/ (rlv#D?2?157/)


rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm pu©KtMunf"mwfESifh twlwuG jzpfaewJh½kyfawGudkvnf; 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmu327 pu©K'ouuvmyf um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY ½kyfuvmyf (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm;(54)rsKd;wdkY &SdaMumif;udk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

awaZmaum|moav;rsKd;xJrSm ZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfawGvnf;yg0ifaeMuygw,f/ 'DZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyf[mvnf; 'Gg&ajcmufrsKd;pvkH;rSm odkYr[kwf wpfudk,fvkH;rSm ysHUESHUwnf&SdaewJh ½kyfuvmyfwpfrsKd;jzpfygw,f/ rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSmvnf; wnf&Sdaeygw,f/328

'DZD0dwe0uuvmyf½kyfudkyg xyfNyD;aygif;xnfhvdkufrnfqdkvQifrsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm; (7)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm;(63)rsKd;wdkY wnf&SdaeMuygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm trsKd;tpm;udkom ajymqdkaejcif; jzpfygw,f? wpfrsKd;rsKd;rSm ta&twGufuawmh rsm;pGm &SdEdkifygw,f/ Oyrm --- rsufvkH;tdrftwGif;rSm pu©K'ouuvmyfaygif;vnf;rsm;pGm um,'ouuvmyfaygif;vnf;rsm;pGm bm0'ouuvmyfaygif;vnf;rsm;pGm wnf&SdEdkifMuygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ pdwåZt|uvmyfOwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfawGvnf; rsm;pGmyJ &SdaeMuygw,f/

a,m*g0p&yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;taejzifh 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udkpD;jzef;wJhtcgrSm ,if; (54)rsKd; odkYr[kwf (63)rsKd;aom ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;oHk;wef wifum wGifwGifBuD; 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudkyif &nfñTef;awmfrlum'Dtm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSm .. pu©K tedpöH (= pu©Kudk tedpö)vdkY ESvkH;

327 (0dok'd?2?259/) 328 (0dok'¨d?2?223/)


oGif;aeygvdkY ñTefMum;aeawmfrljcif; jzpfygw,f/ usef'Gg&ig;yg;wdkYrSmvnf; enf;wlyif oabmaygufyg/ 'Dae&mrSm wpfudk,fvkH;rSm ysHUESHUwnfaewJh ur®Z½kyfuvmyfawGu okH;rsKd; &SdaeMuygw,f? um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf ZD0dwe0uuvmyfwdkY jzpfMuygw,f/pdwåZ OwkZ tm[m&Z½kyfuvmyfawGuvnf; wpfudk,fvkH;rSmtjrJwrf; ysHUESHUum jzpfay:aeMuygw,f/

'D½kyfw&m;awGudk od&Sda&;twGuf b,fvdk ½IrvJ¿

a&SU y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk &Sif;jywJhtydkif;rSm y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;xJrSm yg0ifwJh ]]0dyóemÓPfynmESifh jynfhpkHjcif;}}qdkwJh t*Fg&yfudkajymjycJhwJhtwdkif;yJ329 "mwfBuD;av;yg;udk pwifum odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;yg/orm"d 'D*&D pHcsdefrDvmwJhtcg ½kyfuvmyfawGudk awGU&SdEdkifygw,f/ 'D½kyfuvmyfawGudk ÓPfynmESifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzmum ½IyGm;EdkifcJhrnfqdkvQifawmh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;vdkY &Edkifygw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm'D½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk vu©Pma&;oHk;wef wifum 0dyóem ½Iyg/

2/ ½lyg 2/ ½lyg 2/ ½lyg 2/ ½lyg 2/ ½lyg tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = ½lyg½kHudk m = ½lyg½kHudk m = ½lyg½kHudk m = ½lyg½kHudk m = ½lyg½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'D½lyg½kH[mvnf; ½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/½kyfuvmyfwdkif; ½kyfuvmyfwdkif;rSmvnf; ½lyg½kHu tjrJwrf; yg0ifvsuf&Sdygw,f/ ½kyfuvmyfwpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh ½lyg½kH[m 0dyóemÓPf (= 0dyóempdwf)uJhodkYaom raem0dnmPf&JU tm½kHjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; pu©K0dnmPf&JU tm½kHrjzpfEdkif/ ½kyfuvmyftrsm;pkwdkY&JU taygif;tpkjzpfwJh ½lyg½kHtrsm;pkuomvQif pu©K0dnmPf&JUtm½kH jzpfEdkifw,f/'gaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu ]]½lyH tedpöH}}vdkY {u0kpf0dbwfeJY a[mawmfrrlbJ]]½lyg tedpöm}}vdkY A[k0kpf0dbwfeJY a[mMum;xm;awmfrlw,fvdkY 'Dvdkvnf;tqdk &Sdygw,f/ odkYaomf pu©K0dnmPfpdwfuawmh pu©K'ouuvmyf329 (pmrsufESm-61 wGif Munfhyg/)


wpfcktwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh wpfckaom pu©KtMunf"mwfudk rSDwG,fNyD;jzpfEdkifwJh pGrf;tm;&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh ]]pu©K tedpöH}}vdkY {u0kpf0dbwfeJYa[mawmfrljcif;jzpfw,fvdkYvnf; zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/330

'gaMumifh rdrdtm½kH,lxm;wJh ½kyfuvmyftrsm;pkwdkY&JU ½lyg½kHudktm½kH,lum tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf ½lyg½kH[mvnf; ½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wm&SdwJhtwGuf rdrd tm½kH,lxm;wJh ½lyg½kHyg0ifwnf&SdaewJh ½kyfuvmyfawGudk ÓPfeJYcGJjcm;pdwfjzmum½lyg½kHeJYwuGaom blw½kyf Oyg'g½kyfqdkwJh ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;NyD;awmh ½lyg½kHudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;yg/

3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ pppppu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = pppppu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmu©K0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'Dae&mrSmvnf; pdwfwdkYrnfonf apwodufwdkYESifh twl,SOfwGJíom jzpf½dk;"r®wm&Sdygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ zó a0'empwJh apwodufawG[mvnf; ,SOfzufpdwfapwodufawGESifhom twl,SOfwGJum tjrJwrf;jzpf½dk;"r®wm &SdMuygw,f? wpfvkH;csif; jzpfEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; r&SdMuyg/okdYaomfvnf; emrfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lwJhtcg odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm todpdwf0dnmPfu xif&SSm;aewwfjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk yk*¾dKvfrsKd;udktodpdwf0dnmPfu pNyD; pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl,SOfwGJumjzpfaeMuwJhç zó a0'em onm apwem 0dnmPfqdkwJh zóvQifig;ckajrmuf&SdaewJh zóyÍöruw&m; ig;yg; OD;aqmifaewJh emrfw&m;pkawGudk odrf;qnf;um tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;&ef bk&m;&SifuñTefMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f/331 pdwåmEkyóemowdy|mefyJ jzpfygw,f/330 {urÜd pu©K 0dnmPó ypöa,m a[mwd? ½lyH ye taeuar0 oH[wH

(r[m#D?2?124/)331 ('D?|?2?314/ r?|?1?280-281/ tbd?|?2?252/ r?#D?1?370/)


aemufwpfck ajymMu&atmif ../ wcsKdUa,m*Dyk*d¾KvfawGusawmhemrfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lwJhtcg odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm olwdkY&JUtodÓPfrSm zów&m;u xif&Sm;aewwfjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk zów&m;xif&SSm;aewJh a,m*Dudkawmh zóudk OD;wnfum zóESifh pdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl,SOfwGJ jzpfaeMuwJhç zóyÍöruw&m;ig;yg;OD;aqmifaewJh pdwfapwoduf emrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lumodrf;qnf;um tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;&ef ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f??330 "r®mEkyóemowdy|mefyJ jzpfygw,f/

aemufwpfck ajymMu&atmif ../ wcsKdUa,m*Dyk*d¾KvfawGusawmhemrfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lwJhtcg odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm olwdkY&JUtodÓPfrSm a0'emw&m;u xif&SSm;aewwfjyefw,f/ 'Dvdk a0'emw&m; xif&SSm;aewJh a,m*Dudkawmh a0'emudk OD;wnfum a0'emESifhpdwåu©PwpfcktwGif;rSm twl,SOfwGJ jzpfaeMuwJhç zóyÍöruw&m;ig;yg;OD;aqmifaewJh pdwfapwoduf emrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;&ef ñTefMum;ay;awmfrlygw,f/330 a0'emEkyóemowdy|mefyJ jzpfygw,f/

odkYaomf yÍöa0gum&bkHrSm pu©K0dnmPfpwJh yÍö'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawG[mvnf; ½lyg½kHpwJh qdkif&mqdkif&m tm½kHawGudk tm½kH,lumjzpfay:vmMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'Demrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;vdkwJha,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf[m rSD&m0w¬K½kyfeJY tm½kHawGudk a&S;OD;pGm yl;wGJumodrf;qnf;xm;&ygw,f/332

aemufwpfck ajym&OD;rnf ../ 'Demrfw&m;awGrSm 0DxdpdwfESifh0DxdrStvGwfjzpfwJh 0DxdrkwfpdwfqdkNyD; ESpfrsKd; &Sdaeygw,f/ 0Dxdrkwfpdwfqdkwmuawmh y#doaE¨pdwf b0ifpdwf pkwdpdwfawGudk qdkvdkygw,f/

332 (r?|?4?60/ 'D?|?2?314/ r?|?1?280-281/ tbd?|?2?252/)


0Dxdpdwfqdkwmuawmh pu©K'Gg&0DxdpwJh 0DxdajcmufrsKd;rSm &SdaeMuwJhpdwfawG jzpfMuygw,f/ txufrSm azmfjyxm;wJh pu©K0dnmPf[mpu©K'Gg&0DxdtwGif;rSm wnf&SdaewJh pdwåu©Pwpfck jzpfygw,f/ odkYaomf'Dpu©K0dnmPf[m rdrdwpfckwnf; oD;oefY rjzpfEdkifygbl;? pu©K'Gg&0DxdpdwftpOftaeeJYom jzpf½dk;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ tu,fí pu©K0dnmPf&JUtm½kHjzpfwJh ½lyg½kH[m tvGefxif&Sm;aewJh twdr[EÅm½kHjzpfcJhrnfqdkvQif,if;pu©K'Gg&0DxdrSm yg0ifaewJh pdwåu©PawG[m .. yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pu©K0dnmPf orÜ#dpädKif; oEÅD&P 0ka|m aZmckepfBudrf w'g½kHESpfBudrf =qifjcif jrifod vufcH pkHprf; qkH;jzwf aZmckepfBudrf w'g½kHESpfBudrf -aygif; pdwåu©P (14)BudrfwdkY jzpfMuygw,f/ wpfzef b0ifrsm;jcm;um'D½lyg½kHudkyJ qufvufum tm½kH,laeMuwJh .. raem'Gg&m0ZÆef; aZmckepfBudrf w'g½kHESpfBudrfqdkwJh raem'Gg&0DxdawGvnf; qufvufum jzpfay:EdkifMuygw,f/ pdwåu©Pwdkif;rSm twl,SOfwGJ jzpfaeMuwJh zóyÍöruw&m;ig;yg;OD;aqmifaewJh pdwfapwodufemrfw&m;pkawGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Demrfw&m;awGxJrSm pu©K0dnmPf emrfw&m;pkupu©KtMunf"mwf (= pu©K0w¬K½kyf)udk rSDjzpfygw,f/ usefaewJh emrfw&m;pkawGu [',0w¬K½kyfudk rSDjzpfygw,f/

aemufwpfck ajym&OD;rnf ../ t|omvdeDt|uxmrSm333

½lyg½HkpwJh tm½Hkig;rsKd;[m 'Gg& ESpfck ESpfckrSm NydKifwlxifaMumif;udk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/

1/ ½lyg½Hk[m pu©K'Gg& raem'Gg&ç2/ o'´g½Hk[m aomw'Gg& raem'Gg&ç3/ *E¨m½Hk[m Cme'Gg& raem'Gg&ç4/ &om½Hk[m Zd0Sg'Gg& raem'Gg&ç5/ azm|AÁm½Hk[m um,'Gg& raem'Gg& ..

333 (tbd?|?1?114/)


'Dvdk 'Gg& ESpfck ESpfckrSm NydKifwlxifaMumif;udk zGifhqdkxm;ygw,f/odkYaomf "r®m½Hkw&m;pkawGuawmh raem'Gg&wpfckwnf;rSmyJ xifMuygw,f/

'gaMumifh ½lyg½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh pu©K0dnmPfESifhfwuGaompu©K'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lvdk odrf;qnf;vdkwJh a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf[m ..

1/ pu©K'Gg& raem'Gg&qdkwJh 'Gg&ESpfckudk yl;wGJodrf;qnf;xm;yg/2/ rdrd ½IyGm;vdkwJh ½lyg½kHtrsm;pkudk vSrf;tm½kH,lyg/3/ xdk½lyg½kHawGu 'Gg&ESpfckrSm a&SU½I½dkufcwfvmwJhtcg xifvmwJhtcg

½lyg½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh pu©K'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawG jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/

,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ 'Dvdkodrf;qnf;EdkifwJhtcg pu©K0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;yg/

4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ pppppu©Kou©Kou©Kou©Kou©Korrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaóm óm óm óm óm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = m = m = m = m = pppppu©Kou©Kou©Kou©Kou©Korrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

tvm;wlyJ emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm zóxif&Sm;wJhyk*d¾Kvfuvnf; zóudk OD;wnfum ,if;pu©K'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;umpu©Koræóudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudkyJ tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

5/ w5/ w5/ w5/ w5/ wrrrrr Ü d (= Üd (= Üd (= Üd (= Üd (= aaaaa00000'''''eeeeerrrrr Üd) Üd) Üd) Üd) Üd) tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = aaaaa00000'''''emudk emudk emudk emudk emudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'Dae&mrSm pu©Koræóypö,m a0'emqdkwmuawmh pu©K'Gg&0DxdtwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh okc (+ aomreó)ç 'ku© (+ a'greó)ç


Oayu©mqdkwJh a0'emawGudk qdkvdkygw,f/334 ½lyg½kHudk qufvuf tm½kH,laeMuwJh raem'Gg&0DxdtwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh a0'emawGvnf;yg0ifMuygw,f/ tay:u &Sif;jycJhwJhtwdkif;yJ a0'em[m a0'emwpfckwnf; jzpfEdkifwJh pGrf;tm; r&Sdygbl;? ,SOfzufpdwfapwodufawGeJYom twl,SOfwGJum jzpfay:vmEdkifygw,f/

'gaMumifh emrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm todÓPfrSma0'emxif&Sm;wJh a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf[mvnf; a0'emudk OD;wnfum ½lyg½kHudktm½kH,laeMuwJh pu©K'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lum odrf;qnf;um a0'emudk OD;wnfNyD;awmh,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudkyJ tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/ 'Dvdk ½IyGm;apvdkwJhtwGuf plV&m[kavm0g'okwåefrSm335 bk&m;&Sifu ..

pu©Koræóudk taMumif;cHum jzpfay:vmMuwJh ½lyg½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh pu©K'Gg&0Dxd raem'Gg&0DxdawGrSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh a0'emonm ocFg& 0dnmPfqdkwJh emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpöponfjzifh0dyóem½IyGm;&ef ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ <uif;usefaeao;wJh'Gg&awGrSmvnf; enf;wlyJ oabmaygufyg/

334 pu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwpu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwpu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwpu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwpu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0',dwEÅd pu©KoræóH rlvypö,H uwGmOyÜEém orÜ#dpäeoEÅD&Pa0g|AÁeZ0ea0'em/ pu©K0dnmPorÜ,kwåm,ye 0wåAÁar0 ew¬d/ aomw'Gg&m'da0'emypö,m'Dokyd {ao0 ea,m/

(oH?|?3?5/)335 ,rÜd'H pu©Koræóypö,m OyÜZÆwd a0'em*wH? onm*wH? ocFg&*wH?

0dnmP*wH? (oH?2?324/ r?3?324/)


ooooo''''' ´g½kHeJY ´g½kHeJY ´g½kHeJY ´g½kHeJY ´g½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ aaaaaomwH omwH omwH omwH omwH tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = aaaaaomwudk omwudk omwudk omwudk omwudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

aomw'Gg&rSm aomw'ouuvmyf um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY ½kyfuvmyf (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (54)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ZD0dwe0uuvmyfudkyg xyfaygif;vdkufvQif ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm;(7)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (63)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ aomwtMunf"mwfudkOD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

2/ o2/ o2/ o2/ o2/ o''''' ´g ´g ´g ´g ´g tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = om = om = om = om = o''''' ´g½kHudk ´g½kHudk ´g½kHudk ´g½kHudk ´g½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'DtoH o'g½kH[mvnf; toHwpfckwnf; jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wm r&Sdygbl;?½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpf½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ rdrdtm½kH,lxm;wJh toHeJYtwljzpfaeMuwJh uvmyfwl ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ toHudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ aaaaaomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = aaaaaomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmomw0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;yg

toH o'´g½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh aomw'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk todpdwf0dnmPfudk OD;wnfumÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ aomw0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ aaaaaomwoomwoomwoomwoomworrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaóm óm óm óm óm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = m = m = m = m = aaaaaomwoomwoomwoomwoomworrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;yg

toH o'´g½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh aomw'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk zóudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ aomworæóudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


toH o'g½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh aomw'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk a0'emudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ a0'emudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

*E*E*E*E*E ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨m½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ CmeH 1/ CmeH 1/ CmeH 1/ CmeH 1/ CmeH tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = Cmeudk H = Cmeudk H = Cmeudk H = Cmeudk H = Cmeudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

Cme'Gg&rSm Cme'ouuvmyf um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY½kyfuvmyf (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (54)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ZD0dwe0uuvmyfudkyg xyfaygif;vdkufvQif ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm; (7)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (63)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ CmetMunf"mwfudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


2/ *E2/ *E2/ *E2/ *E2/ *E ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨m m m m m tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = *Em = *Em = *Em = *Em = *E ¨¨ ¨¨ ¨m½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'DteHY *E¨m½kH[mvnf; teHYwpfckwnf; jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wm r&Sdygbl;?½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpf½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ rdrdtm½kH,lxm;wJh teHY*E¨m½kHeJY twljzpfaeMuwJh uvmyfwl ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJYydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ teHY *E¨m½kHudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

3/ Cme0dnm3/ Cme0dnm3/ Cme0dnm3/ Cme0dnm3/ Cme0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = Cme0dnmH = Cme0dnmH = Cme0dnmH = Cme0dnmH = Cme0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

teHY *Em½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Cme'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk todpdwf0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ Cme0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

4/ Cmeo4/ Cmeo4/ Cmeo4/ Cmeo4/ Cmeorrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaómómómómóm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = Cmeom = Cmeom = Cmeom = Cmeom = Cmeorrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkvdkvdkvdkvdkYY YY Y ESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;yg

teHY *Em½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Cme'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk zóudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ Cmeoræóudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


teHY *Em½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Cme'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk a0'emudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ a0'emudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


&om½kHeJY &om½kHeJY &om½kHeJY &om½kHeJY &om½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ ZZZZZ d0Sg d0Sg d0Sg d0Sg d0Sg tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = m = m = m = m = ZZZZZ d0Sgudk d0Sgudk d0Sgudk d0Sgudk d0Sgudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

Zd0Sg'Gg&rSm Zd0Sg'ouuvmyf um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY½kyfuvmyf (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (54)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ZD0dwe0uuvmyfudkyg xyfaygif;vdkufvQif ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm; (7)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (63)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ Zd0SgtMunf"mwfudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

2/ &om 2/ &om 2/ &om 2/ &om 2/ &om tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = &om½kHudk m = &om½kHudk m = &om½kHudk m = &om½kHudk m = &om½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'Dt&om (= &om½kH)[mvnf; t&omwpfckwnf; jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wmr&Sdygbl;? ½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpf½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ rdrdtm½kH,lxm;wJh t&om (= &om½kH)eJY twljzpfaeMuwJh uvmyfwl ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ t&om (= &om½kH)udkOD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ ZZZZZ d0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = ZZZZZ d0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmd0Sg0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

t&om (= &om½kH)udk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Zd0Sg'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk todpdwf0dnmPfudk OD;wnfumÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ Zd0Sg0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ ZZZZZ d0Sgod0Sgod0Sgod0Sgod0Sgorrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaóm óm óm óm óm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = m = m = m = m = ZZZZZ d0Sgod0Sgod0Sgod0Sgod0Sgorrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

t&om (= &om½kH)udk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Zd0Sg'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk zóudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ Zd0Sgoræóudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


t&om (= &om½kH)udk tm½kH,laeMuwJh Zd0Sg'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkraem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk a0'emudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ a0'emudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

azazazazazm|m|m|m|m|AÁAÁAÁAÁAÁm½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY m½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ um1/ um1/ um1/ um1/ umaaaaa,m ,m ,m ,m ,m tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = um,udk m = um,udk m = um,udk m = um,udk m = um,udk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

um,'Gg&rSm um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyf tm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY ½kyfuvmyf (5)rsKd;ç½kyftrsKd;tpm; (44)rsKd;wdk Y &SdMuygw,f/ ZD0dwe0uuvmyfudkygxyfaygif;vdkufvQif ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm; (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm;(53)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ um,tMunf"mwfudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ azazazazazm|m|m|m|m|AÁAÁAÁAÁAÁm m m m m tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = m = m = m = m = azazazazazm|m|m|m|m|AÁAÁAÁAÁAÁm½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk m½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

azm|AÁm½kH ---- ½kyfuvmyftoD;toD;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh yx0D"mwfawaZm"mwf 0ga,m"mwfqdkwJh "mwfokH;rsKd;udk awGUxdvdkY&paumif;wJh


½kyfw&m;awG jzpfaeMuwJhtwGufç um,0dnmPfjzifh odjrifEdkifwJh½kyfw&m;awGvnf; jzpfaeMuwJhtwGuf tawGUazm|AÁm½kHvdkY ac:qdkygw,f/ 'Dazm|AÁm½kH[mvnf; azm|AÁm½kHwpfckwnf; jzpfEdkif½kd;"r®wmr&Sdygbl;? ½kyfuvmyftaeeJYom jzpf½kd;"r®wm &Sdygw,f/ rdrdtm½kH,lxm;wJh azm|AÁm½kHeJY twljzpfaeMuwJh uvmyfwl ½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudkÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ azm|AÁm½kHudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

3/ um,0dnm3/ um,0dnm3/ um,0dnm3/ um,0dnm3/ um,0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = um,0dnmH = um,0dnmH = um,0dnmH = um,0dnmH = um,0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

azm|AÁm½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh um,'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk todpdwf0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifhydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ um,0dnmPfudkOD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

4/ um,o4/ um,o4/ um,o4/ um,o4/ um,orrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaóm óm óm óm óm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = um,om = um,om = um,om = um,om = um,orrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYvdkYESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;yg

azm|AÁm½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh um,'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk zóudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ um,oræóudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


azm|AÁm½kHudk tm½kH,laeMuwJh um,'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pk raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk a0'emudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lygodrf;qnf;yg/ a0'emudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


"r"r"r"r"r ®m½kHeJY ®m½kHeJY ®m½kHeJY ®m½kHeJY ®m½kHeJY qqqqqufufufufufpppppyfyfyfyfyfaaaaaewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGufewJh 0dyóem½IuGuf

1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ rararararaem em em em em tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapöm = m = m = m = m = rararararaememememem''''' Gg&udk Gg&udk Gg&udk Gg&udk Gg&udk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

'Dae&mrSm raem'Gg&qdkwmuawmh b0ifemrfw&m;pkudk raem'Gg&vdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ 'Db0ifemrfw&m;pkawGudkvnf; b0if0dnmPfudkOD;wnfíjzpfap b0ifraemoræóudk OD;wnfíjzpfap b0ifa0'emudkOD;wnfíjzpfap odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh 'Db0ifemrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

aemufwpfrsKd;uawmh 'Dae&mrSm raem"mwf raem0dnmP"mwfwdkY&JUrSD&m [',0w¬K½kyfudkvnf; 0dyóem½I&rSm jzpfygw,f/ raem"mwfqdkwmuawmh okwåefenf;t& b0ifemrfw&m;pkudkyJ qdkvdkygw,f/tbd"r®menf;t&uawmh yÍö'Gg&m0ZÆef;pdwfESifh orÜ#dpädKif;pdwfESpfrsKd;(ukov0dyguf + tukov0dyguf)wdkYudk qdkvdkygw,f/ raem0dnmP"mwfqdkwmuawmh raem"mwfESifh yÍö0dnmPfwdkYrSty usefaewJh0dnmPftm;vkH;udk qdkvdkygw,f/ raem"mwf raem0dnmP"mwfwdkY&JUrSD&m [',0w¬K½kyfudkvnf; Oypm&tm;jzifh wifpm;um raem'Gg&vdkYyJac:qdkygw,f/336 ,if;raem'Gg&rSm [','ouuvmyf um,'ouuvmyf bm0'ouuvmyf pdwåZt|uvmyf OwkZt|uvmyftm[m&Zt|uvmyfvdkY ½kyfuvmyf (6)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (54)rsKd;wdkY&SdMuygw,f/ ZD0dwe0uuvmyfudkyg xyfaygif;vdkufvQif ½kyfuvmyftrsKd;tpm; (7)rsKd;ç ½kyftrsKd;tpm; (63)rsKd;wdkY &SdMuygw,f/ ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/ [',0w¬K½kyfudk OD;wnfum ,if;½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudkvnf; tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;½IyGm;aeyg/

336 (0dok'¨d?2?259/)


2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ "r"r"r"r"r ®m ®m ®m ®m ®m tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpöm = m = m = m = m = "r"r"r"r"r ®m½kHudk ®m½kHudk ®m½kHudk ®m½kHudk ®m½kHudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

"r®m½kHqdkwm 'Dae&mrSm ½kyfw&m;ydkif;udk a&G;xkwfum ajym&rnfqdkvQif txufuajymxm;cJhwJh ½lyg½kH o'´g½kH *E¨m½kH &om½kH azm|AÁm½kHqdkwJh ½kyfig;rsKd;uvGJvQif usefaewJh ½kyfw&m;tm;vkH;udkyJ "r®m½kHvdkY qdkvdkygw,f/ ,if;½kyfw&m;awGxJrSm pu©KtMunf"mwf aomwtMunf"mwf CmetMunf"mwf Zd0SgtMunf"mwf um,tMunf"mwfqdkwJhtMunf½kyfig;ckç tmayg"mwfç £w¬dbm0½kyf odkYr[kwf yk&dobm0½kyfçZD0dw½kyfç [',0w¬K½kyfç MoZm½kyfqdkwJh ½kyftppfu (10)rsKd;? tmumo"mwfç um,0dnwfç 0pD0dnwfç v[kwmç rk'kwmç ur®nwmç Oyp,çoEÅwdç Z&wmç tedpöwmqdkwJh ½kyftwku (10)rsKd; -- tm;vkH;aygif;½kyftrsKd;tpm; (20)wdkY yg0ifMuygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh "r®m½kHpm&if;0ifjzpfwJh ½kyftppfawGudkvnf; uvmyfwl½kyfw&m;awGESifh twlwuG y&rwfodkY qdkufatmifodrf;qnf;um ,if;½kyfw&m;awGudkvnf; tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/½kyftwkawGuawmh y&rwftppf r[kwfMuwJhtwGuf 0dyóem r½Iaumif;wJhpm&if;xJrSm yg0ifaeMuygw,f/

3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ rararararaem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmPPPPP H H H H H tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpö H = H = H = H = H = rararararaem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmem0dnmPPPPP fudk fudk fudk fudk fudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;ygvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg

pdwfapwoduf emrfw&m;pkawG[mvnf; "r®m½kHpm&if;xJrSmyJ yg0ifMuygw,f/ odkYaomf tm;xkwfp tm'dur®duyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tzdkY emrfw&m;wpfckckudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:aewJh emrfw&m;pkawGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;zdkY&efrSm tvGefcufcJwJh oabm &Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmESifh t|omvdeDt|uxmwdkYu337 ½kyfw&m;awGudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:337 wo®m wH ½lyH tm&r®PH uwGm OyÜEéH a0'eH onH ocFga& 0dnmPÍö

]]£'H t½ly}}EÅd t½lyH yówd/ (0dok'¨d?2?300/)wo®m wH ½lyH tm&r®PH uwGm OyÜEéH a0'eH onH ocFga& 0dnmPÍö£'H t½lyEÅd y&dpädEdwGm tedpöm'dawm yówd/ (tbd?|?1?271/)


vmMuwJh emrfcEmav;yg;wdkYudk pwifodrf;qnf;&ef ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlMuygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm ½kyfw&m;awGudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuwJhemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;½IyGm;&rSm jzpfavawmh "r®m½kHpm&if;0if½kyfw&m;ydkif;rSm ½kyftppfu (10)rsKd;ç ½kyftwku (10)rsKd; &SdaewJhtwGuf'D½kyfw&m;tm;vkH;udk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuwJh emrfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;zdkY&efrSm tm;xkwfpa,m*Drsm;twGuf tcuftcJrsm;pGm&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifh ½kyfw&m;wpfckpDudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuwJhemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;jcif;u ydkí vG,fulwJhoabm &Sdygw,f/'gaMumifh ½kyfw&m; wpfck wpfckudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuwJhemrfw&m;awGudk odrf;qnf;ykHpepfudkom ajymMu&atmif ../ 'D"r®m½kHpm&if;0if ½kyfw&m;awGudk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmMuwJh emrfw&m;awGqdkwmuvnf; raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGom jzpfMuygw,f/'gaMumifh pu©KtMunf"mwfudk ykHpHxkwfum odrf;qnf;ykHpepfudk ajymjyygrnf/

1/ b0ifraemtMunf"mwf (= raem'Gg&)udk odrf;qnf;yg/2/ pu©K'ouuvmyftwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfw&m;awGudk

y&rwfodkY qdkufatmif odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh pu©KtMunf"mwfudka&G;xkwfum vSrf;tm½kH,lyg/

3/ 'Dpu©KtMunf"mwfu raem'Gg&rSm a&SU½Iusa&mufvmwJhtcgxifvmwJhtcg .. pu©KtMunf"mwfvdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg/

tJ'DtcgrSm pu©KtMunf"mwfvdkY odaewJh raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawG jzpfay:vmMuygvdrfhrnf/

,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk todpdwf0dnmPfudkjzpfap zóudkjzpfapa0'emudkjzpfap OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg odrf;qnf;yg/


odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcg todpdwf raem0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;awGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;yg/

,if;pu©KtMunf"mwfudkyJ ½kyfw&m;vdkY tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkYtokbvdkY odaewJh pdwfapwodufawGudkvnf; ykHpHwl odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;Edkifygw,f/ usefaewJh ½kyftppfawGudkvnf; ykHpHwl ½IEdkifygw,f/ ½kyftwk(10)rsKd;uawmh tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkY tokbvdkY 0dyóem r½Iaumif;wJh½kyfawG jzpfaewJhtwGuf tmumo"mwfvdkY odaewJh pdwfapwodufç 'Dtmumo"mwfudkyJ ½kyfw&m;vdkY odaewJh pdwfapwoduf -'Dvdk odaewJh pdwfapwoduf emrfw&m;pkawGudkom odrf;qnf; ½IyGm;yg/

tu,fí rdrdu orx,meduyk*d¾Kvf jzpfcJhvdkY psmeform"dawGudk&&Sdxm;NyD;ol jzpfcJhvQifvnf; rdrd&xm;NyD;wJh psmefudk jyef0ifpm;NyD;awmhpsmefrSxum psmeormywåd0DxdtwGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh emrfw&m;pkawGudk psmeft*FgawGudk OD;wnfum ÓPfjzifh ydkif;jcm;,lyg? odrf;qnf;yg/ odrf;qnf;NyD;wJhtcg todpdwf raem0dnmPfudk OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudkvnf; tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

aemufydkif;umvrSm rdrdu t½lyowåu0dyóem½Ienf;awGudkuRrf;uRrf;usifusif ½IyGm;EdkifwJhtcgrSmjzpfapç b*FÓPfydkif;odkY a&muf&SdwJhtcgrSmjzpfap 0dyóemÓPfOD;aqmifaewJh yxr0dyóemaZm0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudk 0dyóemÓPfOD;aqmifaewJh 'kwd,0dyóemaZm0Dxd emrfw&m;awGjzifh wpfzefjyefvnfum 0dyóem½IyGm;Edkifygw,f/emrfw&m;udk tm½kH,lum jzpfay:vmwJh emrfw&m;awGudk wpfzefjyefí0dyóem½IyGm;ykHenf;pepfyJ jzpfygw,f/ 0dok'¨dr*¾t|uxmuawmh338

(10)qifhodkYwdkifatmifyif 'Dvdk 0dyóem½IuGufudk½IEdkifaMumif; wifjyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dvdk½IwJhtcgrSm 0dyóemtodpdwf raem0dnmPfudk

338 (0dok'¨d?2/262/)


OD;wnfíjzpfap 0dyóemÓPfudk OD;wnfíjzpfap ,if;0dyóemaZm0Dxd emrfw&m;pkawGudk wpfzefjyefvnfum 0dyóem½IyGm;Edkifygw,f/

4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ 4/ rararararaemoemoemoemoemorrrrr ææ ææ æaaaaaómómómómóm tttttedededededapöapöapöapöapömmmmm ===== rararararaemoemoemoemoemorrrrr æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk æóudk tttttedededededpöpöpöpöpövdkvdkvdkvdkvdkYY YY Y ESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;ygESvkH;oGif;yg

txufu &Sif;jycJhwJh emrfw&m;pktrsKd;rsKd;awGudk odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm zó (= raemoræó)udk OD;wnfum odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh,if;raemoræóudkyif OD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/


txufu &Sif;jycJhwJh emrfw&m;pktrsKd;rsKd;awGudk odrf;qnf;wJhtcgrSm a0'emudk OD;wnfum odrf;qnf;NyD;awmh ,if;a0'emudkyifOD;wnfum ,if;emrfw&m;pkawGudk tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif; ½IyGm;aeyg/

'Dvdk ½IyGm;wJhtcgrSm tm½kH (6)yg;vkH;rSmyJ okca0'em 'ku©a0'emOayu©ma0'emawG[m xkdufovdk jzpfyGm;aeMuygw,f/ jzpfwJhtwdkif;yJodrf;qnf;½IyGm;yg/

aemufwpfck xyfajym&OD;rnf ../ ½lyg½kH o'´g½kH *E¨m½kH &om½kHazm|AÁm½kHqdkwJh tm½kHawGudk ½kyfw&m;vdkY tedpövdkY 'ku©vdkY tewåvdkYtokbvdkY odaewJh ½IaewJh raem'Gg&0Dxdemrfw&m;pkawGudkvnf;odrf;qnf;um ykHpHwlyJ 0dyóem ½IEdkifygw,f/

'DokwåefrSmawmh .. bk&m;&Sifu tm'd'Dyuenf;tm;jzifh tedpövu©Pmudkom xkwfaqmifum ñTefMum;oGm;awmfrlygw,f/ odkYaomfvnf; 'ku©vu©Pm tewåvu©PmawGudkvnf; ykHpHwlyJ ½IyGm;&rSmjzpfygw,f/237


a'a'a'a'a'oemoemoemoemoemaaaaawmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;wmfed*kH;

,ckajymcJhwJhtwdkif; ..


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jyKoifhjyKxdkufwJh t&d,r*fudpöudk ig jyKvkyfvdkY NyD;oGm;NyD? aemufxyfwpfzef t&d,r*fÓPfawGudk &&Sda&;twGuf jyKvkyfzG,fvkyfief;udpör&SdawmhNyD}}vdkY uGJuGJjym;jym; odoGm;ygw,f/ 'Dvdk bk&m;&Sifu a'oemawmfudk ed*kH;csKyfxm;awmfrlygw,f/339

emememememrrrrr½lyy&d½lyy&d½lyy&d½lyy&d½lyy&dapä'apä'apä'apä'apä'ÓÓÓÓÓPPPPP fESifh yfESifh yfESifh yfESifh yfESifh ypöpöpöpöpö,y&d*¾[Ó,y&d*¾[Ó,y&d*¾[Ó,y&d*¾[Ó,y&d*¾[ÓPPPPP ff ff f

,ckwifjycJhwJh tm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSm vm&SdwJh 0dyóem½IuGufawGudk aMuaMuvnfvnf ½IyGm;vdkwJh a,m*Dyk*d¾Kvf[m ..

1/ twdwf tem*wf ypöKyÜefqdkwJh umv (3)yg;ç tZÑwå A[d'¨qdkwJhoEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh ½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;awGudkÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,ljcif; odrf;qnf;jcif;qdkwJh emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPf?

2/ twdwftaMumif;w&m; ig;yg; (= ork',opömw&m;awG)aMumifhypöKyÜeftusKd; cE¨mig;yg; (= 'ku©opömw&m;)awG xif&Sm;jzpfykH?ypöKyÜeftaMumif;w&m; ig;yg; (= ork',opömw&m;awGaMumifhtem*wftusKd; cE¨mig;yg; (= 'ku©opömw&m;)awG xif&Sm;jzpfykHqdkwJh aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI (= y#dpöorkyÜg'f) oabmw&m;awGudk ÓPfeJY ydkif;jcm;,lwwf odrf;qnf;wwfwJh ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf ..

'DÓPfESpfyg;udk &&Sdxm;NyD;ol jzpf&ygrnf/ 'gwGifvm;qdkawmhruao;bl;/ 'D umv (3)yg;ç oEÅmef (2)yg;twGif;rSm wnf&SdaeMuwJh½kyfemrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk ½kyfemrfESpfyg;enf;eJY jzpfap cEmig;yg;enf;eJYjzpfap or®oeÓPf O',AÁ,ÓPfwdkYjzifh txdkuftavsmuf 0dyóem½Ixm;NyD;jzpfzdkYvnf; vdkygw,f/ tvm;wlyJ aMumif;-usKd;-qufET,frI(= y#dpöorkyÜg'f)t*Fg&yfawGudkvnf; or®oeÓPf O',AÁ,ÓPfwdkYjzifhtxdkuftavsmuf 0dyóem½Ixm;NyD;jzpfzdkY vdkygw,f/ txl;ojzihf339 (oH?2?379/)


y#dorÇd'gr*fygVdawmfESifh 0dok'dr*ft|uxm O',AÁ,ÓPfydkif;wdkYrSm340

vm&SdwJhtwdkif; O',AÁ,ÓPftus,f½IyGm;enf;jzifh ..

1/ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;w&m;awGxif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd;cE¨mig;yg; xif&Sm;jzpfykHudkvnf;½Ixm;NyD;jzpfzdkY vdkygw,f/ (ork',"r®mEkyóD)

2/ t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;w&m;awGcsKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd;cE¨mig;yg; csKyfNidrf;ykHudkvnf; ½Ixm;NyD;jzpfzdkY vdkygw,f/ (0,"r®mEkyóD)

3/ (u) t0dZÆm wPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;w&m;awGxif&Sm;jzpfjcif;aMumifh tusKd;cE¨mig;yg; xif&Sm;jzpfykHç t0dZÆmwPSm Oyg'gef ocFg& uHpwJh taMumif;w&m;awG csKyfNidrf;jcif;aMumifh tusKd;cEmig;yg; csKyfNidrf;ykHawGudkvnf; ½Ixm;NyD;jzpfzdkYvdkygw,f/( c ) taMumif; tusKd; ESpf&yfvkH;wdkY&JU jzpfNyD; ysufaewJh tedpöoabm 'ku©oabm tewåoabmawGudkvnf; ½Ixm;NyD; jzpfzdkYvdkygw,f/ (u+c = ork',0,"r®mEkyóD)

'Dvdk ½IyGm;xm;NyD;jzpfygrS ckajymcJhwJh tm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefa'oemawmfrSm vm&SdwJh ½IuGufawGudk aMuaMuvnfvnf 0dyóem½IyGm;EdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ 0dyóemÓPfawG &ifhusufvmatmifvnf;qufvufum 0dyóem½IEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk ½IEdkifygrSvnf;t&d,r*fÓPf t&d,zdkvfÓPfodkY qkdufa&mufEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/

340 (y#doH?52-55/ 0dok'd?2?267/)


ttttt&Sif&m[kvm&Sif&m[kvm&Sif&m[kvm&Sif&m[kvm&Sif&m[kvmrararararax&fjx&fjx&fjx&fjx&fjrrrrrwfwfwfwfwf

'Dae&mrSm xif&Sm;wJh om"u wpfckuawmh t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf&JU taMumif;t&myJ jzpfygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;[mt&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwftm; plV&m[kavm0g'okwåefudk341 a[mMum;ay;awmfrlum t&[wåzdkvfayguf acscRwfawmfrlcJhygw,f/ plV&m[k-avm0g'okwåefrSm vm&SdwJh 0dyóem½IuGuf[m ckajymcJhwJh tm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefrSm vm&SdwJh 0dyóem½IuGufESifh ykHpHwlyJ jzpfygw,f/'D½IuGufudk t&[wåzdkvfodkY aygufonftxd 0dyóem ½IyGm;oGm;awmfrlEdkifwJh t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf&JU a&SUydkif;taMumif;t&mawGudkenf;enf;wifjyvdkygw,f/

t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf&JU tavmif;tvsm[m vGefcJhwJh urÇmwpfodef;xufu yGifhxGef;awmfrlcJhwJh y'krkwå&bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmftcsdeftcguwnf;u pwifum bk&m;&Sif&JU &ifawmfaoG; &m[kvmjzpfzdkY&ef qkxl;yefxGmawmfrlum yg&rDrsKd;aphawGudk jyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD; jzpfygw,f/ zkóbk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmftwGif;uóybk&m;&Sif&JU omoemawmftwGif;awGrSmvnf; yg&rDrsKd;aphawGudkjyKpkysKd;axmifcJhwJhol wpfOD;yif jzpfygw,f/ t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf[m t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufawmfrlwJhtcg y#dorÇd'gÓPfawmfjrwfav;yg;wdkYudkyg yl;wGJ&&SdawmfrlwJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ 0dok'dr*¾t|uxmrSm342 azmfjyxm;wJhtwdkif; y#dorÇd'gÓPfawmfjrwfav;yg;wdkYudk &&SdawmfrlwJh olawmfaumif;awG[m a&S;a&S;bk&m;&SifwdkY&JU omoemawmftwGif;rSm ocFg½kayu©mÓPfodkYwdkifatmifaom 0dyóembm0emur®|mef;udk pD;jzef;tm;xkwfzl;jcif;qdkwJh ykAÁ-a,m*t*Fg&yfESifhvnf; jynfhpkH&ygw,f/ qdkvdkwmuawmh t&Sif&m[k-

341 (r?3?324-327/ oH?2?324-326/) 342 (0dok'd?2?72/)


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wpfzef aemufwpfck ajymOD;rnf ../ r[m&m[kavm0g'okwåefrSmyJ bk&m;&Sif ñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; "mwfur®|mef; tus,f

343 (r?2?83-89) 344 (r?|?4?232/)


½IyGm;enf; "mwfajcmufyg;ur®|mef;½IyGm;enf;wdkYudkvnf; uRrf;usifpGm½IyGm;awmfrlEdkifwJh olawmfaumif;wpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ tmemygeur®|mef;udkvnf; pwkuúav;rsKd;wdkYjzifh345 wefqmqifum bk&m;&SifñTefMum;xm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; orxydkif; 0dyóemydkif;awGudk uRrf;uRrf;usifusif ½IyGm;xm;EdkifolwpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f/ t&[wåzdkvf0drkwådudk&ifhusufapaMumif;jzpfwJh 0drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg;wdkYESifh jynfhpkHatmif usifhMuHBudK;ukwf yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfaeol wpfOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f/

0d0d0d0d0drrrrr kwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygppppped,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;

1/ o'¨gw&m;r&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;2/ o'¨gw&m; xif&Sm;&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;3/ o'¨gw&m;udk jzpfay:apEdkifwJh MunfndKzG,f&m okwåefa'oem

awmfwdkYudk qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dw&m;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh o'¨daÈúdk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif;?

4/ ysif;&dwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;5/ orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk tjyif;txef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJh

tm&'¨0D&d,w&m; xif&Sm;&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;6/ or®yÜ"mefw&m;awGudk jzpfay:apEdkifwJh okwåefa'oemawmfwdkYudk

qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dw&m;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh 0D&d,daÈúdk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif;?

7/ owdvufvGwfaewJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;8/ xifvif;wJh owd&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;9/ owdy|mefw&m;udk jzpfay:apEdkifwJh okwåefa'oemawmfwdkYudk

qifjcifjcif; ..345 (pmrsufESm-284 wGif Munfhyg/)


'Dw&m; okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh owdaÈúdk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif;?

10/ orm"dr&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;11/ orm"d&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;12/ psmef0darmu©w&m;awGudk jzpfay:apEdkifwJh okwåefa'oemawmf

awGudk qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dw&m;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh orm"daÈúdk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif;?

13/ 0dyóemÓPfynm pwJh ynmuif;rJhaewJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;

14/ 0dyóemÓPfynm pwJh ynm&SdwJh yk*d¾KvfawGudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;15/ cE¨m tm,we "mwf y#dpöorkyÜg'fwdkYESifh qufpyfaewJh eufeJwJh

okwåefa'oemawmfawGudk qifjcifjcif; ..

'Dw&m;okH;rsKd;wdkYjzifh yndaÈúdk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif; ----

'Dw&m; (15)rsKd;wdkYjzifh £aÈíg;yg;wdkYudk pifMu,fatmif usifhjcif;[m t&[wåzdkvf0drkwådudk &ifhusufapwwfwJh taMumif;w&m;awGjzpfMuygw,f/346

wwwwwppppp fenf; 0dfenf; 0dfenf; 0dfenf; 0dfenf; 0drrrrr kwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygkwådy&dygppppped,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;ed,w&m; (15) yg;

1-5/ o'¨g 0D&d, owd orm"d ynm (= 0dyóemynm)qdkwJh £aÈíg;yg;wdkY &ifhusufjcif;

6/ udavomxk tpdkiftcJawGudk azmufcGJjcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifwJhç cE¨mtm,we "mwf y#dpöorkyÜg'foabmw&m;wdkYtay:ü tedpövdkY½IaewJh tedpöonm?

346 (r?|?4?243-244/)


7/ tedpöjzpfwJh ,if;w&m;wdkYü 'ku©vdkY ½IaewJh 'ku©onm?8/ 'ku©jzpfwJh ,if;w&m;wdkYü tewåvdkY ½IaewJh tewåonm?9/ tukov0dwufawGudk y,f&Sm;Edkifa&;twGuf psmeformywf

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10/ &m*uif;&m edAÁmefw&m;awmfjrwfudk qifjcifjcif;ç &m*uif;&medAÁmefbufokdY ñGwfudkif;½Idif;vsuf ocFg&w&m;awG&JU tysufoufoufudk tm½kH,lum vu©Pma&;okH;wefodkY wifum 0dyóem½Iaejcif;qdkwJh 0d&m*onm?

11/ rdwfaumif; aqGaumif; olawmfaumif;wdkYudk rSD0Jqnf;uyfjcif;?12/ oDvudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;?13/ tvGef acgif;acgif;yg;yg; usifhjcif;?14/ orx 0dyóembm0emawGudk jyif;jyif;xefxef BudK;pm;tm;xkwf

jcif;?15/ udavomxk tpdkiftcJawGudk azmufcGJjcif;iSm pGrf;EdkifwJh or®oe

ÓPfrSpí ocFg½kayu©mÓPfodkYwkdifatmifaom 0dyóemÓPftm;vkH;wdkYESifh jynfhpkHjcif; ---

tm;vkH;aygif;vdkufawmh 0drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg;wdkYyJ jzpfMuygw,f/347

plV&m[kavm0g'okwåefudk em,lawmhrnfhtcsdeftcgrSm t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf&JU oEÅmefrSm 'D0drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg;wdkY[mjynfhpkHae½kHwGifomru t&[wåzdkvf&Edkifavmufatmifyif &ifhusufaeNyD jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk&ifhusufaeNyDqdkwmudkvnf; od&SdawmfrlwJhtwGufbk&m;&Sifu xdkaeYrSm t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwfudk tE¨0efawmtkyf347 (r?|?4?244/)


twGif;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;awmfrlum plV&m[kavm0g'okwåefudk a[mMum;ay;awmfrlcJhjcif; jzpfygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf[m &[ef;jzpfawmfrlNyD;aemuf oufawmf (21)ESpft&G,fodkYa&muf&SdawmfrlaeNyD jzpfygw,f/

tJ'DtcsdeftcgrSm t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf&JU oEÅmefrSm 0drkwådy&dygped,w&m;awGuvnf; &ifhusufaeMuNyDjzpf&um; plV&m[kavm0g'okwåefudk em,laepOftcsdeftcgrSm t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf[ma'oemawmfaemufodkY tpOfvdkufum ..


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udavomawmcsKHykwfESifh awmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;awGudktEko,"mwfikwftjrpfyg rusef&atmif t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif ckwfjzwf&Sif;vif;EdkifwJhtwGuf udavomtylrD;wdkYrS tNidrf;BuD;Nidrf;at;oGm;awmfrlcJhygw,f/

'DudavomawmcsKHykwfESifh udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;udavomawGudk t&[wår*fÓPfwkdifatmifaom t&d,r*fÓPf


awGu t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefpifatmif ckwfjzwf&Sif;vif;EdkifwJhtwGufudavomtylrD;awG[m t&[wåzdkvfodkY qdkufa&mufoGm;wJhtcgtNidrf;BuD; Nidrf;at;oGm;Muygw,f/

'gaMumifh w&m;OD;tpu ed'gef;ysKd;xm;cJhwJhç bk&m;&Sif a[mMum;awmfrlwJh *gxma'oemawmfudk &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;wJh oabmt"dyÜm,fawGeJY nDñGwfoGm;atmif jyefvnfum tEkoaE qufMu&atmif../


bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g bdu©a0g = &[ef;awmfrsm; tdk cspfom;wkdY .. / 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH 0eH = udavomawmcsKHykwfudk/ qdExqdExqdExqdExqdEx = &Sif;vif;Mu jzwfawmufMuygukefavmh/ ½ku©H½ku©H½ku©H½ku©H½ku©H= at;jrwJh t&dyftm0go&SdwJh omoemhopfyifBuD;awGudk/ rm qdExrm qdExrm qdExrm qdExrm qdEx= rckwfvSJMuygukefvifh/ 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm 0eawm = udavomawmcsKHykwfaMumifh/ b,Hb,Hb,Hb,Hb,H= tyg,foHo&m0#fqif;&J'ku©ab; pwJh ab;'ku©trsKd;rsKd;onf/Zm,awZm,awZm,awZm,awZm,aw = jzpfay:í vmwwfay\/ 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö 0eÍö = udavomawmcsKHykwfudkvnf;aumif;/ 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö 0exÍö = udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm;jzpfwJhudavomcsKHEG,fydwfaygif; opfyifi,ftaygif;udkvnf;aumif;/ aqwGmaqwGmaqwGmaqwGmaqwGm= av;yg;aom t&d,r*fÓPfjzifh jzwfawmufEdkifMuukefonfjzpfí/edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem edAÁem = udavomtylrD;wdkY Nidrf;at;Muukefonf/ a[mxa[mxa[mxa[mxa[mx = jzpfMuygukefavmh/

'D*gxma'oemawmfudk a[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf bk&m;&Sifuqufvufum aemufxyf *gxma'oemawmf wpfckudk a[mMum;jyoawmfrlygw,f/


,m0 [d 0eaxm e qdZÆwd? tPkrawåmyd e&ó em&dok/,m0 [d 0eaxm e qdZÆwd? tPkrawåmyd e&ó em&dok/,m0 [d 0eaxm e qdZÆwd? tPkrawåmyd e&ó em&dok/,m0 [d 0eaxm e qdZÆwd? tPkrawåmyd e&ó em&dok/,m0 [d 0eaxm e qdZÆwd? tPkrawåmyd e&ó em&dok/y#dA'¨raem0 wm0 aom? 0apäm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/y#dA'¨raem0 wm0 aom? 0apäm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/y#dA'¨raem0 wm0 aom? 0apäm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/y#dA'¨raem0 wm0 aom? 0apäm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/y#dA'¨raem0 wm0 aom? 0apäm cD&yaum0 rmw&d/348

,m0 = tMuifrQavmufaom umvywfvkH;/ e&ó = trsKd;om;&JU/ em&dok = trsKd;orD;wdkYtay:ü/ tPkrawåmyd = tPkjrLyrmao;i,fvSonfvnf;jzpfaom/ aom 0eaxm = xdk udavomawmcsKHykwfESifh udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm; udavomudk/ e qdZÆwd= av;yg;aom t&d,r*fÓPfjzifh t<uif;rJh ry,fowf rjzwfawmufEdkifao;/ wm0 = xdkuJhodkY ry,fowf rjzwfawmufEdkifao;orQ umvywfvkH;/ cD&yaum = EdkYruGmao;wJh/ 0apäm = EGm;om;i,fonf/ rmw&d= rdcifEGm;rBuD;tay:ü/ y#dA'¨raem = wG,fwmrufarmrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUxm;tyfaom pdwfxm;&Sdonf/ a[mwd £0 = jzpfouJhodkY/{0H = tvm;wlyif/ aom ea&m = xdktrsKd;om;onf/ em&dok = trsKd;orD;wdkYtay:ü/ y#dA'raem0 = wG,fwmrufarmrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUxm;tyfaom pdwfxm;&SdaeonfomvQif/ a[mwd = jzpfay\/348

trsKd;om;wpfOD;[m trsKd;orD;wdkYtay:rSm tPkjrLyrm tvGefYtvGef ao;i,faewJh wG,fwmrufarmrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUxm;tyfwJhNiduyfaewJhpdwfxm; &SdaernfqdkvQif 'Dvdk NiduyfrufarmrIudk udavomawmcsKHykwfvdkYyJ ac:qdkygw,f/ 'DudavomawmcsKHykwfESifh udavomawmcsKHykwf&JU tqG,ftyGm; udavomawGudk t&d,r*fw&m;jzifht<uif;rJh ry,fowf rzsufqD;Edkifao;orQumvywfvkH; 'DNiduyfwG,fwmrufarmrIqdkwJh udavomawG[m qufvufum jzpfay:aeMurSm jzpfw,f/ EdkYruGmao;wJh EGm;om;i,fuav;wpfaumif[mrdcifEGm;rBuD;tay:rSm wG,fwmrufarmrIjzifh &pfywfaESmifzGJUxm;tyfwJhpdwfxm;&Sdaeovdk 'DtrsKd;om;[mvnf; trsKd;orD;wdk Ytay:rSm

348 ("r®y'?54/ *gxm -284/)


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£wd acg bdu©a0 0d0a#m r,m acarm ra*¾g aom0w¬daum£wd acg bdu©a0 0d0a#m r,m acarm ra*¾g aom0w¬daum£wd acg bdu©a0 0d0a#m r,m acarm ra*¾g aom0w¬daum£wd acg bdu©a0 0d0a#m r,m acarm ra*¾g aom0w¬daum£wd acg bdu©a0 0d0a#m r,m acarm ra*¾g aom0w¬daumyDwd*reDa,m? yd[dawm ukr®a*¾g? OD[awm Moupa&m? emodwmyDwd*reDa,m? yd[dawm ukr®a*¾g? OD[awm Moupa&m? emodwmyDwd*reDa,m? yd[dawm ukr®a*¾g? OD[awm Moupa&m? emodwmyDwd*reDa,m? yd[dawm ukr®a*¾g? OD[awm Moupa&m? emodwmyDwd*reDa,m? yd[dawm ukr®a*¾g? OD[awm Moupa&m? emodwmMoupm&dum/ ,H bdu©a0 ow¬m&m u&PD,H om0umeH [dawodemMoupm&dum/ ,H bdu©a0 ow¬m&m u&PD,H om0umeH [dawodemMoupm&dum/ ,H bdu©a0 ow¬m&m u&PD,H om0umeH [dawodemMoupm&dum/ ,H bdu©a0 ow¬m&m u&PD,H om0umeH [dawodemMoupm&dum/ ,H bdu©a0 ow¬m&m u&PD,H om0umeH [dawodemtEkurÜaue tEkurÜH Oyg'g,? uwH a0g wH r,m/ {wmed bdu©a0tEkurÜaue tEkurÜH Oyg'g,? uwH a0g wH r,m/ {wmed bdu©a0tEkurÜaue tEkurÜH Oyg'g,? uwH a0g wH r,m/ {wmed bdu©a0tEkurÜaue tEkurÜH Oyg'g,? uwH a0g wH r,m/ {wmed bdu©a0tEkurÜaue tEkurÜH Oyg'g,? uwH a0g wH r,m/ {wmed bdu©a0½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0 rm yrm'w¬? rm½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0 rm yrm'w¬? rm½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0 rm yrm'w¬? rm½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0 rm yrm'w¬? rm½ku©rlvmed? {wmed oknm*g&med? psm,x bdu©a0 rm yrm'w¬? rmypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuH tEkomoeD/ypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuH tEkomoeD/ypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuH tEkomoeD/ypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuH tEkomoeD/ypäm 0dyÜ#dom&daem t[k0w¬/ t,H a0g trSmuH tEkomoeD/ 350

349 ('Da'oemawmftqkH;rSm touft&G,f BuD;&ifhrS &Sif&[ef; jyKvmMuwJhrdwfaqG&[ef;awmfBuD; ig;yg;wdkYvnf; aomwmywådzdkvfü wnfoGm;awmfrlMuygw,f/ "r®y'?|?2?266/)

350 (r?1?167/)


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aemifaomtcg aocgeD;umvusrS raumif;wJh tm½kHedrdwfawG xifvmwJhtwGuf ]]igawmh rSm;cJhavNyDaygh ..}}vdkY pdwfESvkH; romr,m rjzpfMuygukefvifh ../ 'DtqkH;truawmh oifcspfom;wdkYtwGuf igbk&m;&SifwdkYu Budrfzefrsm;pGm xyfumxyfum qdkqkH;raewJh tqkH;tr (= tEk-omoeD) w&m;pum;awmfyJ jzpfygw,f/350

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pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Munfh½Ijcif; 351twdvDe0D&d, = tvGef

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tawmif;t&rf; xlajymrIudkwd&pämefrsm;aomfyifrESpfoufyg 23

tawmif;t&rf; xlajymvSwJhtmV0D&[ef;awmfrsm; 21

twdwf tem*wf ½IIrIjyóem 255

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t"r®udk "r® 134ç 135ç 411t"d*rtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf 164t"d*ro'g 56tewåvu©Pokwåef 236tewåmEkyóemÓPf 299teEÅ&d,uH ig;yg; 136tem*grdr*fÓPf 186tedpöEÅd yÍöu©E¨m 301tedpömEkyóemÓPf 299tedpömEkyóD = tedpövdkY

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twdkif;aom w&m;pum;234tEkyÜg'eda&m" 119ç 120


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tEkaAm"ÓPfy#da0"ÓPf 257

taemufwdkif;om;wdkY&JUoHo, 92

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tyÜdpäuxm 168tyÜdpäuxm = tvdkenf;yg;

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tyÜdpäuxmtquf 153tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf 160tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf av;rsKd; 162tywfwukwf tm;xkwf

zl;jcif; 464ç 465ç 469tbdZyÜ = tvGefvdkvm;

awmifhwrIjzpfay:vmjcif; 348tbdnmedoHo 228tbdnmPfESifh

0dyóemÓPf 259tbd"r®w¬o*F[usrf; 128tbd"r®mudk

y,f&Sm;aeolrsm; 128

tbd"r®ma'oemawmf[mbk&m;a[ma'oemawmfjzpfygw,f 142

tbdyÜarm',H pdwåH(orxydkif;ç0dyóemydkif;)295

tbd0de, 144tbdocFg½ly"d 191tbdormpm&du 144treodum& =

ESvkH;roGif;jcif; 338t&[wår*fÓPf 186t&d,r*¾ or®m'd|dÓPfjzifh

xdk;xGif; odjriftyfwJhopömav;yg; 125

ta&miftvif;ESifhwuGjzpfaom pdwf 333

t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&fjrwft&[wåzdkvfodkYqdkufa&mufawmfrljcif; 371

t&Sifr[mr[dE´rax&fjrwfBuD; 165

t&Sif&m[kvmrax&fjrwf 464t½IH;BuD; ½IH;oGm;Muolrsm; 391tvGefcufcJwJh vkyfief;&yf 77t0dZÆmqdkwm bmvJ¿ 14

rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef;rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; ] 477


t0dZÆmaemufodkY tpOfvdkufaewJh tukodkvfw&m;qdk;rsm; 16

t0dZÆmaemufodkY tpOfvdkufaewJh rdpämr*¾ifrsm; 17

t0dZÆm = arm[ 16t0dZÆmokwf 14t0dnmPutokb 238tojym wpfrwfrQom 165toar®m[y#da0" 125taoo0d&m*eda&m" 119taomu rif;w&m;BuD; 165toHo*¾uxm (5)rsKd; 210toHo*¾uxm = a&ma&m

aESmaESm raexdkifjcif;ESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum; 192

t[d&du taemwåyÜwdkY\pGrf;tm;rsm; 19

« tm »

tmumo"mwfqdkwm bmvJ¿91tm*reo'¨g 56tmZD0yg&dok'doDv 223tm'dwåy&d,m,okwf

aumufEkwfcsuf 419

tm'dwåy&d,m,okwåefusifhpOf 439

tm'De0gEkyóem 243tmemygeur®|mef;&JU

tusKd;*kPftiftmedoif 310tmemygepwkuú (4)rsKd; 284tmemygey#dbm*

edrdwfqdkwm 286tm&'¨0D&d, 222tm&'¨0D&d, = tjyif;txef

BudK;pm;tm;xkwfwJhvkHYv0D&d,&Sdjcif; 60

tm&rÇ"mwf0D&d, 216tm&r®PlyedZÑmepsmef

vu©PlyedZÑmepsmef wtmavmuokwåef 81tm0gorpä&d, 273tma0Pdu*kPfawmf 147tm[m&okwåefa'oem 103tmVm&&aohBuD; 394

« £ »

£'d0d"tbdnmPf 166£`E´d,oH0&oDv 223£óm-rpä&d,udk

wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; 272



« O »

Oau©yeD,0denf; uH 134Owå&m eE´rmwm 265O'u&aohBuD; 395O'get|uxm 154Oyu&[ef;awmfBuD; 395Oyuúdavow&m; (11)yg; 331Oy"d av;jzm 190Oy"d0da0u 180Oyg'g½kyfqdkwm 94OyÜdv = ay:ay:vGifvGif

xifxif&Sm;&Sm; Munf&TifESpfoufrIyDwdjzpfay:vmjcif; 342

Oayu©mo[*worm"d 362Obawm0dbif; 144ODrdb,okwåef 428

« Mo »

MouyÜeo'¨g 57Moyygwdu y#doaE¨rsKd; 40

« u »

uxm0w¬K q,fyg;(aemufydkif;) 153

uxm0w¬K q,fyg; (a&SUydkif;) 33

ur®owåd&JUpGrf;tif 147uvsmPDausmif;wdkuf 198umuZmwfawmf 10umrly"d 190um,0dnmPH tedpöH =

um,0dnmPfudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 455

um,0da0u 180um,oræaóm tedapöm =

um,oræóudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 455

um,oHo*¾ 206um,mEkyóem

owdy|mefwnf; 301um,du0D&d, 212uma,m tedapöm =

um,udk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 454

umv'DC0gyd'Gg&ausmif;wdkuf 198

udavoy&dedAÁmef 120udavomtylrD;awGudk

Nidrf;at;apwJhvrf;pOf 439udavom q,frsKd; 13udavom awmcsKHykwfESifh

tqG,ftyGm;rsm; 12



udavom awmcsKHykwfESifhtqG,ftyGm;rsm;udk&Sif;vif;Muyg 11

udavomawmcsKHykwfudk&Sif;vif;ykHenf;pepfrsm;tydkif; 233

udavomab;qdk;BuD;rsm; 417udavomoyfBuD; 324udavoly"d 191uD#m*d&dokwf 221ukrÇDvb, 428ukvrpä&d, 274ul#m*g&okwåef 66ç 127aumorÁDjynfu

&[ef;awmfrsm; 321usD;zdk 9usD;r 9ausmif;ü

,xmAvoaEÅmo 175ausmif;ü

,xmvmboaEÅmo 172ausmif;ü

,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo 176Mumyef;eJY yrmwlwJh

bk&m;&Sif 397

MunfndKzG,f&ma&S;q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; 29

uRwfxdkufool a0ae,swdkY&JUtqifhtwef;odkY vdkufumw&m;a[mMum;awmfrlykH 233

« c »

cZÆeD,okwåef 259cPawm O','óe 112cPawm 0,'óe 114cPdupdawåu*¾wm 297cPduorm"d[k ac:qdk\ 297cEy&dedAÁmef 120cE¨0*¾oH,kwf ygVdawmf 259cE¨okwåef 69cELy"d 191c,eda&m" 304c&pf,mefwpfOD; 109cRif;csufawmh rxm;ygeJY 246

« * »

*E¨m tedpöm = *E¨m½kHudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 452

*E¨m½kHtay:rSmom,mwyfrufrItjypf 423



*E¨m½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh0dyóem½IuGuf 451

« C »

C#dum&jA[®mBuD; 394Cme0dnmPH tedpöH =

Cme0dnmPfudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 452

Cmeoræaóm tedapöm =Cmeoræóudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 452

CmeH tedpöH = CmeudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 451

« p »

pu©K tedpöH = pu©KudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 441

pu©K0dnmPH tedpöH =pu©K0dnmPfudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 445

pu©Koræaóm tedapöm =pu©Koræóudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 448

pwkw¬pwkuú(= "r®mEkyóem) 300

pwkw¬a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf 137

pdwåu©P rjcm;bJcE¨mudk,fajymif; 40

pdwåy#doHa0'D (orxydkif;ç0dyóemydkif;) 294

pdwå0da0u 180pdwåocFg&y#doHa0'D

(orxydkif;ç0dyóemydkif;)293apwemokwåef 106apwodu0D&d, 215pGrf;tifur®owåd 150

« q »

qrÇdwwå = xdwfvefYjcif; =ukd,fcufwa&mf&Sdjcif; 341

aq;ü,xmAvoaEÅmo 177aq;ü,xmvmboaEÅm 177aq;ü ,xmom½kyÜoaEÅm 177qifpG,foydwf ajcuav; 203qifpG,foydwfajcuav; 204qGrf;ü ,xmAvoaEÅmo 171qGrf;ü ,xmvmboaEÅmo171qGrf;ü,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo172

« Z »

Zmwd'ku© Z&m'ku© r&P'ku© 254



Zd0Sg tedpöm = Zd0SgudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 453

Zd0Sg0dnmPH tedpöH =Zd0Sg0dnmPfudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 453

Zd0Sgoræaóm tedapöm =Zd0Sgoræóudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 454

ZD0dw'ge 150

« ps »

psmefemrfw&m;awGudkodrf;qnf;ykHpepf 100

« n »

Ówy&dnm 138nDñGwfaeolwdkY&JU

nDñGwfaewJhusifhpOf 325nDñGwfrIudk wGef;tm;ay;aewJh

pGrf;tifrsm; 317anmifndKyifpcef;

vrf;qkHblwm½kH 437

« w »

wwd,tem*wb,okwåef146

wwd,pwkuú(= a0'emEkyóem) 294

wwd,apwemokwåef 106wwd,a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf136w'*Feda&m" 230wrÜd (= a0'erÜd) tedpöH =

a0'emudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 448ç 451ç 452ç

454ç 455ç 460w&m;ESifh avsmfnDwJh

ESdyfuGyfrI wpfrsKd; 256wdw¬m,weokwåef 70wD&Py&dnm 138awmif;&rf;rIudk

&GH&SmpufqkyfawmfrlwJh&|ygv &Sif&aoh 28

wpfenf; 0drkwådy&dygped,w&m; (15)yg; 467

« x »

xderd'¨ = pdwfapwodufawG&JUav;vHxdkif;rIdif;jcif; 340

xyfrH&Sif;vif;csuf 14

« ' »

'óeoHo*¾ 197



'd|"r®okc0d[m& 227'kuú&p&d,mudk usifhaewJh

½kyfykHawmf 109'ku©csKyf&meda&m"odkY

a&mufaMumif;usifhpOf 115'ku©eda&m"*grdedy#dy'g 115'ku©opöm 68'ku©opömw&m;awG

csKyfNidrf;jcif; 126'ku©mEkyóemÓPf 299'k|*grPdbk&if 203'k|*grPdrif; 203'k|Kv’H = udk,f&JUylyefrI =

udk,f&JU½kefY&if;rI = udk,f&JUysif;&drI = udk,f&JUa&mh&J&JjzpfaerI jzpfay:vmjcif; 344

'kwd,pwkuú(=a0'emEkyóem) 291

'kwd,a0om&ZÆÓPfawmf 136a'oemawmfed*kH; 353ç 461a'goudk wdkufzsufa&;

enf;vrf; 264'Gg& (6)yg; 469a'G"m0dwuúokwåef 356

« " »

"r®um,cE¨mtdrfBuD; 387"r®udk t"r® 134ç 159"r®puúyÜ0wåeokwåef 236"r®apwDrif; 199"r®rpä&d, 276"r®o*FPDygVdawmf 128"r®m tedpöm = "r®m½kHudk

tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 457"r®m½kHtay:rSm

om,mwyfrufrItjypf 435"r®m½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh

0dyóem½IuGuf 456"r®maomu 165"kw*FtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf 163"mwfur®|mef; 289

« e »

em*Avd 9emewåonm 183emewåonm = trsKd;rsKd;aom

onm jzpfay:vmjcif; 350ememu©Pduur®ypönf;ydkif; 104emr½lyy&dapä'ÓPfESifh

ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf 462



eduúr"mwf0D&d, 217edyÜDwduorm"d 362edAÁd'gEkyóemÓPf 299eda&m"opöm 71eda&m"opömtaMumif; 119eda&m"medoHo 228eda&m"mEkyóem 305eda&m"mEkyóemÓPf 299eda&m"mEkyóD = eda&m"

oabmudk ½INyD;awmhtouf½SLaeyg 304

edó&P eda&m" 230emrfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JU

tokbtjcif;t&m 251emrfy&rwfw&m;awGudk

odrf;qnf;jcif; 94enf;vrf;aumif; 79

« y »

yuú!mu&o 158yu©Eey#dedó*¾g

EkyóemÓPf 308ypö,tyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf 162ypö,awm O',AÁ,'óeç

cPawm O',AÁ,'óe114ypö,awm 0,'óe 113

ypö,oEédódwoDv 224ypöa0u©PmÓPfrsm; 364ypöKyÜefZmwfaMumif;0w¬K 5ynmuxm 236ynmuxm = 0dyóem

ynmusifhpOfESifh pyfwJhw&m;pum; 229

y#d*¾[P 155y#dConm 183y#dedó*¾gEkyóemÓPf 299y#dedó*¾gEkyóD = y#dedó*¾


y#dyÜó'deda&m" 230y#dorÇd'gr*¾ygVdawmf 187yXraum#d*grokwåef 63yXraumovokwåef 83y|mef;a'oemawmf 104yPmr 0E´em 1yxrpwkuú

(= um,mEkyóem) 284yxra0om&ZÆÓPfawmf 136y"med,*Fw&m; ig;yg; 55y&uúr"mwf0D&d, 217y&awm aCmo 392y&dedAÁmepkwd 131



y&dabm* 156y&d,wådtyÜdpäyk*¾dKvf 163y&da,oe 155y0wåd 13y0da0uuxm = uif;qdwfrI

0da0uokH;jzmESifh pyfwJhw&m;pum; 180

yom'o'¨g 57yórÇ,H pdwåocFg&H

(orxydkif;ç 0dyóemydkif;)293y[mey&dnm 138y[mow&m; 279ygwdarmu©oH0&oDv 223ygydpä ed*kH;csKyf 151ygydpä = ,kwfrmwJh tvdkqdk; 47ygvdav,suawmtkyfodkY 366yDwdy#doHa0'D (0dyóemydkif;)292yDwdy#doHa0'D (orxydkif;) 291ykyæokwåef 397ayg&dom' 433ydk;avmufawGeJY jynfhaewJh

cE¨mtdrf 249ysufpD;jcif; r&SdwJh

t&[wåzdkvf0drkwåd 365

« z »

azPyd@Lyrokwåef 249azm|AÁm tedpöm =

azm|AÁm½kHudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 454

azm|AÁm½kHtay:rSmom,mwyfrufrItjypf 433

azm|AÁm½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh0dyóem½IuGuf 454

« A »

A[d'¨ oAÁedrdwå 187Ak'¨bmomESifh ywfoufwJh

jywdkuf 109aAm"d&mZukrm&okwåef 62

« b »

b00daoomedoHo 228b0ifpdwfeJY ,SOfaewJh

ÓPf&JU pGrf;tifBuD;rm;rI 98b0ifraemtMunf"mwf

qdkwm bmvJ¿ 96bdu©Kokwåef 235bk&m;tqlaygif;

&Spfaomif;av;axmif 378



bk&m;&Sif&JU tBudrfBudrfwdkufwGef;awmfrlcsuf 314

bk&m;&Sif&JU OD;wnfcsuf 415bk&m;&Sif&JU

avmukwå&mpsmefrsm; 362bk&m;&SifajymMum;apawmfrl

vdkaom pum; q,fcGef; 33ab'u&0w¬K (18)rsKd; 133bkef;BuD;rGJ wpfvSnf;wdkuf 174

« r »

r*¾if[dkufa0; vrf;rBuD; 473rpä&d, (5)rsKd; 273rZÑEÅdu rax&fjrwfBuD; 165raZÑ'Dyuenf; 380rnDñGwfrIudk wGef;tm;ay;

aewJh w&m;qdk;rsm; 320r"k&ygpdum 6raem tedapöm = raem'Gg&udk

tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 456raem0dnmPH tedpöH =

raem0dnmPfudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 457

raemoræaóm tedapöm =raemoræóudk tedpövdkYESvkH;oGif;yg 460

ra&mifh&JEdkifwJhw&m;okH;rsKd; 159r[ma*god*FtifMuif;

awmBuD;udkwifhw,fapolrsm; 402

r[ma*god*Fokwåef 146r[mZmed, = t½IH;BuD;

½IH;Muolrsm; 393r[mwdórax&fjrwfBuD; 261r[med'geokwåef 256r[meda'ót|uxm 184r[meda'óygVdawmf 184r[my&dedAÁmeokwåef 361r[myk&do0dwuú 366ç 367r[mowdy|meokwåef 242r[moD0rax&fjrwfBuD; 243r[dpäqdkwm bmvJ¿ 153rmeESifh 'd|dudk wdkufzsufa&;

enf;vrf; 311rm,m omaX,s uif;pifjcif; 59rdausmif;ab;qdk;BuD; 428rdwå0dEúZmwf 36arCd,okwåef 264ç 283arwåmokwfvm

&[ef;awmfrsm; 267ar;jref;aewJh ar;cGef;wpf&yf288rdk;ESifh ajrBuD;yrm 132



rmefrmew&m; 19rkef;jcif;ç cspfjcif;ESifh arm[udk

wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; 279rGefjrwfaom touf&Sifjcif; !

« , »

,xmAvoaEÅmo 170,xmvmboaEÅmo 169,xmom½kyÜoaEÅmo 170,kwfrmvSwJh &owPSm 431

« & »

&om tedpöm = &om½kHudktedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 453

&om½kHtay:rSmom,mwyfrufrItjypf 424

&om½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh0dyóem½IuGuf 453

&m*udk wdkufzsufa&;enf;vrf; 238

½lyonm 182½lyg tedpöm = ½lyg½kHudk

tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 444½lyg½kHtay:rSm

om,mwyfrufrItjypf 419

½lyg½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh0dyóem ½IuGuf 440

½kyfuvmyfawGudk ½IzdkY&efb,fokwåefrSm 92

½kyfy&rwfw&m;wdkY&JUtokbtjcif;t&m 250

½kyfy&rwfw&m;awGudkpwifodwJhtcsdef 93

a&S;jzpfa[mif; atmufarhzG,fZmwfvrf; 9

« v »

vu©Pma&;okH;wef 312vmbrpä&d, 275vlyif tdkaomfvnf;

&m*uawmh rtdkyg 205vlyiftdkaomfvnf;

&m*rtdkao; 206avmuBuD;[m &[EÅm

yk*d¾KvfwdkYjzifh b,fawmhrSrqdwfokOf;Edkifyg 412

avmuDr*¾opömw&m; 127avmuDoDv 223avmukwå&m

eda&m"opömw&m; 125avmukwå&moDv 225



avmouwdórax&ftavmif;tvsm 43

vrf;ESpfoG,f 84vrf;okH;oG,f 82

« 0 »

0¥opöm 750PÖrpä&d, 2760e(= udavomawmcsKHykwf) 130e (= awmcsKHykwf) 130eawm Zm,aw b,H =

awmcsKHykwfaMumifhab;'ku©trsKd;rsKd;jzpfwwfygw,f 417

0ex 130eH qdE´x = awmudkom

&Sif;vif;yg 30du©rÇe eda&m" 2300dpdudpäm = ,kHrSm;oHo,

jzpfjcif; 3370dZ,okwåef 2380denf;r[m0g ygVdawmf 1580dyóemqdkwm bmvJ¿ 760dyóemÓPfynmESifh

jynfhpkHjcif; 61

0dyóemÓPfjzifh xdk;xGif;odjriftyfwJh opömav;yg;102

0dyóemÓPf&JU t½IcHtm½kHjzpfwJh opömw&m; 74

0dyóemedoHo 2280dyóemydkif;qdkif&m

tokbbm0em ½IuGuf 2420dyóemydkif;rSm qdkvdkwJh

cPduorm"d 2980dyóemydkif;üqdkvdkwJh

cPduorm"d 3810dyóemydkif;ü qdkvdkaom

cPduorm"d 2980dyóemor®m'd|dÓPfjzifh

xdk;xGif;odjriftyfwJhopömav;yg; 68

0drkwåduxm = udavomwdkYrSvGwfajrmufrI 0drkwådESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum; 230

0drkwådÓP'óeuxm =t&d,zdkvf toD;toD;udk&NyD;aemuf jzpfay:vmwJhypöa0u©PmÓPftjrifESifhpyfwJh w&m;pum; 231

0drkwådy&dygped,w&m;(15)yg; 466



0darmp,H pdwåH(orxydkif;ç 0dyóemydkif;) 298

0d&m*gEkyóem 3030d&m*gEkyóemÓPf 2990d&m*gEkyóD = 0d&m*


0d0¥opöm 750dok'dr*¾t|uxm 1870dóZÆe 1580d[ðoudk wdkufzsufa&;

enf;vrf; 2700D&d,m&rÇuxm =

BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif; vkHYv0D&d,ESifh qufpyfaewJhw&m;pum; 211

a0ceookwåef 255a0'emEkyóemenf;jzifh 294a0om&ZÆÓPfawmfudk

wm;jrpf uefYuGufaeol 139a0om&ZÆÓPfawmfjrwf 133a0om&ZÆÓPfawmfjrwf

(4)yg; 135a0om&ZÆokwåef 135

« o »

oOyg'daooedAÁmef 120ou'g*grdr*fÓPf 185ouúm,'d|d 145opömav;yg;udk

&Sif;vif;wifjyonfhtydkif; 63opömav;&yf w&m;jrwf 63o'´g tedpöm = o'´g½kHudk

tedpövdkY ESvkH;oGif;yg 450o'´g½kHtay:rSm

om,mwyfrufrItjypf 422o'´g½kHeJY qufpyfaewJh

0dyóem½IuGuf 450o'¨gw&m;&Sdjcif; 56o'¨ga',s 0dedygw 41oEÅwdtrwfBuD; 140oEÅdokc 126oEÅK|duxm = a&mifh&JvG,f

jcif;ESifh pyfwJhw&m;pum; 168

oEÅK|duxmqdkwm 179oEÅK|d*kPf 7oaEÅmow&m; (12)yg; 169oywåbm& 174oyÜDwduorm"d 362



oAÁy&dnmokwåef 138oAÁLy"dedó*¾ 188or*¾geH wayg okacg 317orxydkif;qdkif&m

t0dnmPutokb(= aotokb)½IuGuf 242

orxydkif;qdkif&mo0dnmPutokb(= &Siftokb)½IuGuf 239

orm'[H pdwåH (orxydkif;ç0dyóemydkif;) 296

orm"duxm = orm"dusifhpOfESifh pyfwJhw&m;pum; 226

orm"dudk xlaxmifyg 79orm"d+ynmuxm 236orm"dxlaxmifjcif;vkyfief; 80orm"d"r®u©Embk&m;&Sif 381ç397orm"dokwåef 227orm"d\ usKd;*kPftif

tmedoif (5)yg; 227orkapä'eda&m" 230ork',opöm 69ork',opömw&m;awG

csKyfNidrf;jcif; 126ork'´umuZmwf 10

orkv’yeoHo*¾ 202orÜwådESifh 0dywåd 270oarÇm*oHo*¾ 202or®yÜ"mevkHYv0D&d, (4)rsKd; 219or®m'd|d opfyifBuD; 383oar®m[0daem'eD

t|uxm 82ç 239oav’c*kPf 8o0eoHo*¾ 193o0dnmPutokb 238o[rÜwdjA[®mBuD; 393omwo[*worm"d 362omrm0wDESifh rdzk&m; (500)264omoemawmfudk t&Snf

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