Automated People Movers at AirportsAutomated People Movers at Airports

Harley MooreSenior PrincipalLea+Elliott, Inc.

May 2008

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Types of APM SystemsCableMonorailAutomated Guideway Transit (AGT)MaglevPersonal Rapid Transit (PRT)

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Cable-PropelledDoppelmayr

Las Vegas- Mandalay BayLas Vegas - City CenterBirmingham UK (BHX)Toronto Airport (YYZ)Mexico City Airport (MEX)New Doha Intl Airport (DOH)

Otis / POMA-Otis / Leitner Poma Mini-Metro (LPMM)

Tokyo-Narita (NRT)Cincinnati (CVG)Detroit (DTW)Minneapolis-St. Paul (MSP)

RAC (Rental Car)Green Concourse

Zurich (ZRH)

Otis is out of the APM businessNow LPMM

BHX

MSP-RAC NRT

DTW

DOH

MEX

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Medium Straddle-Beam & Suspended Monorails

BombardierTampa (TPA) GarageNewark (EWR)

SDI UniTrakPrimm Valley ResortClarian – Indianapolis

SiemensDusseldorf (DUS)Emergency evacuation issue

EWR

TPA

ClarianDUS

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Straddle-Beam & Suspended Monorails

Straddle-BeamBombardier

M-VI – Las Vegas

HitachiTokyo-Haneda (HND)Naha

Monorail MalaysiaKuala Lumpur

MitsubishiOfuna / ShonanChiba

Naha

KL

Las Vegas

HND

Chiba

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Rubber-Tired AGTs – Adtranz / Bombadier

C/CX-100 - AirportsTampa (TPA)SeaTac (SEA)Atlanta (ATL)Miami (MIA)Orlando (MCO)Gatwick (LGW)Stansted (STN)Las Vegas (LAS)Singapore (SIN)Pittsburgh (PIT)Denver (DEN)Frankfurt (FRA)Kuala Lumpur (KUL)Rome (FCO)Houston (IAH)San Francisco (SFO)Beijing

C/CX-100 UrbanMiami MetromoverBukit Panjang - Singapore

InnoviaDallas/Ft. Worth DFW)

MCO

SFO DFW

TPA

LASPIT

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Rubber-Tired AGTs – Siemens / Matra

JacksonvilleChicago O’Hare (ORD)TaipeiLille Paris - Orly (ORY)RennesToulouseTurinParis – de Gaulle (CDG)NEW: AirVal

ORY

Lille

ORD

CDG

AirVal

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Rubber-Tired AGTs – Japanese

Japanese “Standard”Niigata / IHI-NiigataMitsubishi / Kawasaki

Kansai (KIX)Hong Kong (HKG)Yokohama SeasideTokyo WaterfrontHiroshima

IHI / NiigataTaipei (TPE)NEW: IHI NTS

KIX

HKG

TPE

NTS

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Rubber-Tired AGTs – Japanese

Mitsubishi (MHI) Crystal MoverSingapore: Seng Kang / PunggolChangi (SIN)Miami North Terminal (MIA)Miami MIAMover (MIA)Dulles (IAD)Dubai (DXB)Atlanta (ATL) CONRACSeoul (SEL)Miami (MIA) MIA Mover

NEW: battery-powered, self-guidedPrototype

SIN

IAD

Prototype

ATL

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Large Steel Wheel / Rail AGTs - Bombardier

Vancouver I & IITorontoDetroitLondon DocklandsKuala LumpurKennedy (JFK)

Vancouver I

JFK

Detroit

KLVancouver II

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Low-Speed Maglev

HSST / Chubu HSST – now MitsubishiNagoya / Aichi Prefecture – Tobu Kyuryo Line – Linimo

Linimo

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Personal Rapid Transit (PRT)Taxi 2000 (US)Raytheon / York (US/UK)Bishop Austrans (Australia)ULTra (UK)Posco Vectus (Korea)

None Built yet ULTra under construction at Terminal 5, LHR Considered at IAH – tunnel space constraint

Taxi 2000

Raytheon- York

Austrans

ULTra

Vectus

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

LHR PRT Phase One AlignmentATS / ULTraBAA investmentInitial simple system connecting business parking lot with T5Possible future large networkUnder constructionOpen: summer 2009

T5

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

PRT – LHR Terminal 5

Cars• Small, 4-pax

• Battery-powered

• Self-guided

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

PRT IssuesFew SuppliersOnly test track & concept/engineering experienceLHR is first applicationPossible PRT circulation opportunities at some US Airports

For current airport designs: parking lot / rental car lot circulationPossible in terminals?

Bags (often large & many) and larger groups (car size, station & boarding design) could be problematicCan PRT deliver on capacity & expected lower costs?Convincing Owners that PRT is:

Proven (airport managements are risk-averse)Can compete with other services (cost & level of service)Has more than one supplier (procurement competition)Is here to stay (long-term support)

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

APM Technology SummaryWide variation in available, proprietary technologiesLimited, known set of suppliersSignificant differences in:

Size, speed, & other system characteristicsGuideways & other facility requirementsConfiguration possibilitiesService & CapacityCosts

Select technology(ies) / supplier(s) to fit airport & project needsUse performance procurement process (usually DBOM) to include most suppliers & technologies

APM Suppliers currently active at US AirportsYes: Bombardier, IHI/Niigata, Mitsubishi; Doppelmayr, LPMMMaybe: SDI, Siemens No / Not Yet: Hitachi, PRT

BART Oakland Airport Connector P3 / PentaP

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

BART Oakland Airport Connector3.2-mile system to connect BART Coliseum Station & OAK TerminalsBART lead, > 10 agency stakeholdersL+E is GEC for BARTDBOM approach initially

Board authorized DBOM – Sept. 2002Pre-qualified 6 teams – Aug. 2003Completed RFP – Sept. 2003

Funding shortfallTrying P3 / PentaP approach

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

BART OAC as P3 / Penta-P

ADVANTAGESHelps address funding shortfallReduces project delivery timeGreater flexibilityTransfers construction and O&M risk to private sectorProvides for future expansion and improvements

DISADVANTAGESLease term critical to successFinancial decisions not based on transportation factorsTransportation sector has inadequate experience with asset valuation & keeping participants interested over the Concession durationProcurement process not well definedConcerns over privatization & foreign investment in public transit system

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

DBFO Teams

Airport Connector TeamPPC – Babcock & Brown

Financial Entity – Merrill Lynch & Co.

Core Construction Contractor – Flatiron

Fixed Facility Designer – Parsons

AGT Supplier – Bombardier

O&M Subcontractor - Bombardier

Oakland Airport Access TeamPPC – Sumitomo, Tutor Saliba / O&G, JV

Financial Entity – Nord/LB, Bank of Tokyo/Mitsubishi - Lehman Bros.

Core Construction Contractor – Tutor Saliba/O&G, JV

Fixed Facility Designer – DMJM Harris

AGT Supplier – Mitsubishi

O&M Subcontractor – Mitsubishi

Bbm AirRail Transfer TeamPPC – Balfour Beatty Management, Mitsui & Co. Ltd. (USA)

Financial Entity – Balfour Beatty Management, Mitsui & Co., Citigroup Global Markets, Inc.

Core Construction Contractor – Balfour Beatty Construction, Shimmick Construction

Fixed Facility Designer – STV

AGT Supplier – Ishikawajima – Harima Heavy Industries (IHI)

O&M Subcontractor - Veolia

Dropped Out Dropped Out

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

Issues for BART OAC & P3Procurement

Long procurement period & changesAPM industry unfamiliar with P3

RisksAffordability ceilingAvailability & other performance requirementsNo control over ridership & fare levels35-year duration & fixed priceCondition of system at term endOther current “low risk” DBOM projects: MIA, PHX, SMF FTA requirements (Buy America) & foreign APMs

Team Keeping teams together and interestedRe-forming teams if one member drops outMany members just want to do the job, get paid & go

MoneyCost / Financing not totally solvedRevenues (farebox & other) to pay Concessionaire over time

A u t o m a t e d P e o p l e M o v e r s a t A i r p o r t s

BART OAC – Lessons LearnedKey differences between DBOM & P3

Risk allocationsTeam participants & lead

New Paradigm IssuesAgencies want to keep controlDBOM contractors wary of P3: risks & long-term reward basis

Structuring the deal & obtaining performanceSpecifications & requirements vs. risk & rewardNeed for clear contract & oversightNeed clear financial situation

Another tool; not a panaceaP3 at Airports?