atb vocabulary

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APPLICATION FORM corral corral somebody to gather a group of people together and keep them in a particular place eligible a person who is eligible for something or to do something, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc eligible (for something) Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. eligible (to do something) When are you eligible to vote in your country? seed (especially in tennis) one of the best players in a competition. The seeds are given a position in a list to try and make sure that they do not play each other in the early parts of the competition: The top seed won comfortably. suite a set of rooms, especially in a hotel a hotel/private/honeymoon suite//a suite of rooms/offices bib name – štartna številka zip/postal code race-walker the competitive sport of racing at a fast walk crank chair carbo-load dinner subject to availability on a first come basis executor a person, bank, etc. that is chosen by somebody who is making their will to follow the instructions in it: She appointed him executor of her will. trustee 1

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Page 1: ATB Vocabulary

APPLICATION FORM

corralcorral somebody to gather a group of people together and keep them in a particular place

eligiblea person who is eligible for something or to do something, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc eligible (for something) Only those over 70 are eligible for the special payment. eligible (to do something) When are you eligible to vote in your country?

seed(especially in tennis) one of the best players in a competition. The seeds are given a position in a list to try and make sure that they do not play each other in the early parts of the competition: The top seed won comfortably.

suitea set of rooms, especially in a hotel a hotel/private/honeymoon suite//a suite of rooms/offices

bib name – štartna številka

zip/postal code

race-walkerthe competitive sport of racing at a fast walk

crank chair

carbo-load dinner

subject to availability

on a first come basis

executora person, bank, etc. that is chosen by somebody who is making their will to follow the instructions in it: She appointed him executor of her will.

trusteea person or an organization that has control of money or property that has been put into a trust for somebody The bank will act as trustees for the estate until the child is 18.

waiveto choose not to demand something in a particular case, even though you have a legal or official right to do so: He waived his right to appeal against the verdict.

premises the building and land near to it that a business owns or usesbusiness/commercial/industrial premises //The company is looking for larger premises.

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tortan action that is wrong but not criminal and can be dealt with in a civil court of law

track and field(North American English) (British English athletics)

inherent (in somebody/something) that is a basic or permanent part of somebody/something and that cannot be removedthe difficulties inherent in a study of this type//Violence is inherent in our society.

attestto state that you believe that something is true or genuine, for example in courtThe signature was attested by two witnesses.

herebyas a result of this statement - used in official situations: I hereby agree to the conditions of this contract.

telecasta broadcast on televisionverb [usually passive] telecast something The event will be telecast simultaneously to nearly 150 cities.

verifyto check that something is true or accurateverify something| verify that… to show or say that something is true or accurate

nonrefundable that cannot be returned: a non-refundable deposit // a non-refundable ticket (= you cannot return it and get your money back)

legal guardian

SPOKEN DISCOURSE: DOCUMENTARY (HISTORY)

lavishlarge in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money extravagant, luxuriously: lavish gifts / costumes / celebrations They lived a very lavish lifestyle. They rebuilt the house on an even more lavish scale than before

disdain(for sb/sth) a complete lack of respect that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough contempt: to treat sb with disdain a disdain for the law He turned his head away in disdain.

to commit sth to memory

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to learn sth well enough to remember it exactly: She committed the instructions to memory.

the Scripture – the Bible

autocracya system of government of a country in which one person has complete power

heir-apparent1 an heir whose right to receive the family property, money, or title cannot be taken away2 someone who seems very likely to take over a person's job, position etc when that person leaves

to ascend (to) the throneto become king or queen

calamityan event that causes great damage to people’s lives, property, etc. disaster: Sudan suffered a series of calamities during the 1980s.

to dash to sb.’s hopesto destroy sb’s hopes by making what they were hoping for impossible: Hopes of a peaceful settlement have been dashed.

irrevocable(formal) that cannot be changed final: an irrevocable decision / step

impromptudone without preparation or planning improvised: an impromptu speech They often held impromptu meetings in their house.

concessionsomething that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or a disagreementa policy of no concessions to terrorists The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike.

to concurverb (-rr-) ~ (with sb) (in sth)| ~ (with sth) (formal) to agree: [v] Historians have concurred with each other in this view. The coroner concurred with this assessment.

inbred nobilityInbreeding is the reproduction from the mating of two genetically related parents, which can increase the chances of offspring being affected by recessive or deleterious traits.

neurasthenia(old-fashioned) a condition in which sb feels tired and depressed over a long period of time

a reclusea person who lives alone and likes to avoid other people: to lead the life of a recluse

confidant (feminine also confidante)

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a person that you trust and who you talk to about private or secret things: a close / trusted confidant of the President

grapevinea : an informal person-to-person means of circulating information or gossip: heard it through the grapevine b : a secret source of information

debaucheryimmoral behaviour involving drugs, alcohol, sex etc: a life of debauchery

charlatansomeone who pretends to have special skills or knowledge: He knows nothing about medicine—he’s a complete charlatan.

to banishto order sb to leave a place, especially a country, as a punishment exile: He was banished to Australia.

to deliver last rites to sb.a Christian religious ceremony that a priest performs for, and in the presence of, a dying person: to administer the last rites to sb to receive the last rites

on the brink ofif you are on the brink of sth, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation: on the brink of collapse / war / death / disaster

to dreadto be very afraid of sth; to fear that sth bad is going to happen

to denounce1 to strongly criticize sb/sth that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.: She publicly denounced the government’s handling of the crisis.2 to tell the police, the authorities, etc. about sb’s illegal political activities: They were denounced as spies

to lace (food, drink) with~ sth (with sth) to add a small amount of alcohol, a drug, poison, etc. to a drink spike: He had laced her milk with rum.

to thaw ~ (out) (of ice and snow) to turn back into water after being frozen melt: The country was slowly thawing out after the long cold winter.- to become more friendly and less formal: Relations between the two countries thawed a little after the talks.

coroneran official whose job is to discover the cause of any sudden, violent or suspicious death by holding an inquest

intrigue

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the activity of making secret plans in order to achieve an aim, often by tricking people: political intrigue

CODE OF CONDUCT

alterto change, or to make someone or something change: Her face hadn't altered much over the years.

fabricateto invent false information in order to trick people, make up The evidence was totally fabricated. // The prisoner claimed the police had fabricated his confession.

dismissalthe act of dismissing somebody from their job; an example of this: He still hopes to win his claim against unfair dismissal.

adjudicateto officially decide who is right in a disagreement and decide what should be done: The Dean adjudicates any faculty disputes.The judge adjudicated that he should be released.

designateto choose someone or something for a particular job or purposeThe lake was recently designated a conservation area.Funds were designated for projects in low-income areas.She has been designated to take over the position of treasurer.

cease to stop happening or existing; to stop something from happening or existingHe ordered his men to cease fire (= stop shooting).

administer- a to make sure that something is done fairly and in the correct wayto administer justice/the law // The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers- to give or to provide something, especially in a formal wayThe teacher has the authority to administer punishment. //A taxi driver administered first aid to the victims.- to give drugs, medicine, etc. to somebody

premisea statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argumentthe basic premise of her argumenta false premise: His reasoning is based on the premise that all people are equally capable of good and evil.

disruptivecausing problems, noise, etc. so that something cannot continue normallyShe had a disruptive influence on the rest of the class.

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invalidate if you invalidate a document, contract, election, etc, you make it no longer legally or officially valid or acceptable

endorseendorse something to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of actionI wholeheartedly endorse his remarks. // Members of all parties endorsed a ban on land mines.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

dissolve to mix with a liquid and become part of it: Salt dissolves in water

nozzlea projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for regulating and directing a flow of fluid.

blot1 to remove liquid from a surface by pressing soft paper or cloth on it2 to make a spot or spots of ink fall on paper

domestic use

operateto use or control a machine or make it work: What skills are needed to operate this machinery?

housinga protective cover for a machine

rack(often in compounds) a piece of equipment, usually made of metal or wooden bars, that is used for holding things or for hanging things on: a vegetable / wine / plate / toast rack I looked through a rack of clothes at the back of the shop. Remove the cakes from the oven and cool on a wire rack

engage~ (with sth) when a part of a machine engages, or when you engage it, it fits together with another part of the machine and the machine begins to work: [v] One cogwheel engages with the next. [vn] Engage the clutch before selecting a gear.

dispose of sb/sth1 to get rid of sb/sth that you do not want or cannot keep: the difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste to dispose of stolen property

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PACKAGING: INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS

versatile1 (of a person) able to do many different things: He’s a versatile actor who has played a wide variety of parts.2 (of food, a building, etc.) having many different uses: Eggs are easy to cook and are an extremely versatile food.

poucha small bag, usually made of leather, and often carried in a pocket or attached to a belt: a tobacco pouch She kept her money in a pouch around her neck.

be on the go(informal) to be very active and busy: I’ve been on the go all day. Having four children keeps her on the go.

toppinga layer of food that you put on top of a dish, cake, etc. to add flavour or to make it look nice: baked vegetables with a cheese topping The basic pizza is £6 and then each extra topping is 75p.

hydrogenatedglyceamic indexglyceamic load

crop pests

artificial inputspesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilisers etc

raising agente.g. sodium bicarbonate

saturatessodium

preservativea substance used to prevent food or wood from decaying: The juice contains no artificial preservatives

GM: genetically modified

wholegrainmade with or containing whole grains, for example of wheat___________________________________________________________________________tousleto make somebody's hair untidy: a boy with blue eyes and tousled hair

shimmer

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to shine with a soft light that seems to move slightly: The sea was shimmering in the sunlight.

infuse- infuse A into B| infuse B with A (formal) to make somebody/something have a particular quality: Her novels are infused with sadness.- [transitive] infuse something (formal) to have an effect on all parts of something: Politics infuses all aspects of our lives.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS

cooperative project

habitatthe place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally foundThe panda's natural habitat is the bamboo forest.enhanceto increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody/something: This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.

living marine resources – živi morski viri

submissionthe act of giving a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can study or consider it; the document, etc. that you give: When is the final date for the submission of proposals?

foodserviceor catering industry (BrEng) defines those businesses, institutions, and companies responsible for any meal prepared outside the home.

solicitto ask somebody for something, such as support, money or information; to try to get something or persuade somebody to do somethingVolunteers are being solicited to assist with the project.

contingent (on/upon something) (formal) depending on something that may or may not happen: All payments are contingent upon satisfactory completion dates.

one-to-one matching basis

wetlandan area of land that is partly covered with water, or is wet most of the timeThe wetlands are home to a large variety of wildlife.

ripariangrowing in, living in, or relating to areas of wet land near to a river or stream

fosterfoster something to encourage something to develop

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encourage, promote The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community.

stewardshipthe act of taking care of or managing something, for example property, an organization, money or valuable objects: The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship.

non-federal dollars

in-kind(of a payment) consisting of goods or services, not money: As well as his salary, he gets benefits in kind.

sustain maintain

She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.//Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.

estuarineof, relating to, or formed in an estuary: estuarine currents //estuarine animals

spawn (of fish, frogs, etc.) to lay eggs

sanctuaryan area where wild birds or animals are protected and encouraged to breed reservebird/wildlife sanctuary

reefa long line of rocks or sand near the surface of the seaa coral reef

reseed- to sow seed on again or anew- to maintain (itself) by self-sown seed

inshore in the sea but close to the shore: an inshore breeze

clam beds (= an area in the sea where there are many oysters )

submergeto go under the surface of water or liquid

migratoryconnected with, or having the habit of, regular migration: migratory flights/birds

anadromousascending rivers from the sea for breeding: shad are anadromousmangrovetropical tree that grows in mud or at the edge of rivers and has prop roots (=they are above ground)

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nursery habitat

compliancethe practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority: procedures that must be followed to ensure full compliance with the law // Safety measures were carried out in compliance with paragraph 6 of the building regulations.

feasiblepracticablea feasible plan/suggestion/idea // It's just not feasible to manage the business on a part-time basis.

longitudethe distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in degreesthe longitude of the island

latitudethe distance of a place north or south of the equator (= the line around the world dividing north and south), measured in degrees

congressional district

budget breakout

contractualconnected with the conditions of a legal written agreement; agreed in a contractWe have contractual obligations to control prices.

eligibility

INFORMATION LEAFLETS: HEALTH

mold = mould- a fungus that produces mold- a fine soft green, grey or black substance like fur that grows on old food or on objects that are left in warm wet air

decomposeto be destroyed gradually by natural chemical processes decay, rot: [v] a decomposing corpse

mycotoxina toxic substance produced by a fungus and especially a mold

musty-type

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mustysmelling damp and unpleasant because of a lack of fresh air dank: a musty room a musty smell of old books

sheet rock(Trademark) used for drywall (=a board made of several plies of fiberboard, paper, or felt bonded to a hardened gypsum plaster core and used especially as wallboard)

wallboarda structural boarding of any of various materials (as wood pulp, gypsum, or plastic) made in large rigid sheets and used especially for sheathing interior walls and ceilings

unaffectednot changed or influenced by sth; not affected by sth: People’s rights are unaffected by the new law.. Some members of the family may remain unaffected by the disease.

immune-compromisedImmunodeficiency or immune deficiency (=a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.)

vent filtervent – an opening that allows air, gas or liquid to pass out of or into a room, building, container, etc.: air / heating vent

ceiling tiles

mycologythe scientific study of fungi

sporesprimitive usually unicellular often environmentally resistant dormant or reproductive body produced by plants, fungi, and some microorganisms and capable of development into a new individual either directly or after fusion with another spore

forced airA forced-air system is one which uses air as its heat transfer medium. These systems rely on ductwork, vents, and plenums as a means of air distribution separate from the actual Heating and Air Conditioning systems.

electrostatic filter

exhaust fan

crawl spacea shallow unfinished space beneath the first floor or under the roof of a building especially for access to plumbing or wiring

remedya way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation solutionn. remediation

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poroushaving many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly: porous material / rocks / surfaces

insulationthe act of protecting sth with a material that prevents heat, sound, electricity, etc. from passing through; the materials used for this: Better insulation of your home will help to reduce heating bills.

ammoniaa pungent colorless gaseous alkaline compound of nitrogen and hydrogen NH3 that is very soluble in water and can easily be condensed to a liquid by cold and pressure

cleaning pad

bleacha chemical that is used to make sth become white or pale and as a disinfectant

dilutedmade weaker by adding water or another substance: a dilute acid / solution

TOURIST LEAFLETS

free admission

hospitality food, drink or services that are provided by an organization for guests, customers, etc.: We were entertained in the company’s hospitality suite. Their company organizes corporate hospitality tents at major outdoor sporting events. the hospitality industry (= hotels, restaurants, etc.)

instigatornoun ~ (of sth) a person who causes sth to happen, especially sth bad: the instigators of the riots

memorabiliathings that you keep or collect because they are connected with a famous person, event, or time: football / Beatles memorabilia

chemise1a piece of women's underwear for the top half of the body2 a simple dress that hangs straight from a woman's shoulders // a loose dress or piece of women’s underwear

wager (old-fashioned or formal) an arrangement to risk money on the result of a particular event

bet

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to wager £50 on a horse

guinea an old British gold coin or unit of money worth 21 shillings (= now £1.05). Prices are sometimes still given in guineas, for example when buying or selling horses.

walled gardenspecifically a garden enclosed by high walls for horticultural rather than security purposes (their essential function in the north temperate zone has been to shelter the garden from wind and frost.)

descendto originate or come from an ancestral stock or source : derive descends from an old merchant family

The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby. The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605.

cultivara type of plant that has been deliberately developed to have particular features

breedto propagate (plants or animals) sexually and usually under controlled conditions: bred several strains of corn together to produce a superior variety

deviseto invent sth new or a new way of doing sth think up

RHS – Royal Horticultural Society (It is a charity and exists to promote gardening and horticulture in Britain and Europe.)

white tie a man’s white bow tie, also used to mean very formal evening dress for men: dressed in white tie and tails

- a white-tie social occasion is a very formal one at which the men wear white bow ties and tails

cater to provide and serve food and drinks at a party, meeting etc, usually as a businessThis is the biggest event we've ever catered for.

site a place where a building, town, etc. was, is or will be located: the site of a sixteenth century abbey

diverse very different from each other and of various kinds: people from diverse cultures My interests are very diverse.

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bogwet spongy ground; especially : a poorly drained usually acid area rich in accumulated plant material, frequently surrounding a body of open water, and having a characteristic flora (as of sedges, heaths, and sphagnum)

INFORMATION LEAFLET – THE THEATRE

jokey(informal) amusing; making people laugh

inventive1 (especially of people) able to think of new and interesting ideas imaginative: She has a highly inventive mind.2 (of ideas) new and interesting: This is a courageous and inventive piece of film-making.

stagingthe way in which a play is produced and presented on stage: a modern staging of ‘King Lear’

reluctanthesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do: reluctant agreement He finally gave a reluctant smile. a reluctant hero (= a person who does not want to be called a hero)

quest(formal or literary) a long search for sth, especially for some quality such as happiness: the quest for happiness / knowledge / truth

intrepidfearless, an intrepid explorer

The Golden Fleece

uncharted that has not been visited or investigated before; not familiar: They set off into the country’s uncharted interior. (figurative) The party is sailing in uncharted waters (= a situation it has not been in before). (figurative) I was moving into uncharted territory (= a completely new experience) with this relationship.

stopperthe thing that you put in the top part of a bottle to close it

recipients of job seekers allowance

full disabled access___________________________________________________________________________matinee

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an afternoon performance of a play, etc.; an afternoon showing of a film/movie

concession(BrE) a reduction in an amount of money that has to be paid; a ticket that is sold at a reduced price to a particular group of people: tax concessions Tickets are £3; there is a £1 concession for students. Adults £2.50, concessions £2, family £5

moora high open area of land that is not used for farming, especially an area covered with rough grass and heather: the North York moors

plagueto cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of time trouble: to be plagued by doubt Financial problems are plaguing the company. The team has been plagued by injury this season.

dismiss – fire, sack

desend into sth [no passive] (formal) to gradually get into a bad state: The country was descending into chaos.

PREFACE TO A BOOK – ANTHROPOLOGY

contentiouslikely to cause disagreement between people: a contentious issue / topic / subject Both views are highly contentious

claima demand for something due or believed to be due: an insurance claima right that sb believes they have to sth, especially property, land, etc.: They had no claim on the land

treatya formal agreement between two or more countries: a peace treaty to draw up / sign / ratify a treaty

grievancesomething that you think is unfair and that you complain or protest about: Parents were invited to air their grievances (= express them) at the meeting. He had been nursing a grievance against his boss for months.

articulate(of a person) good at expressing ideas or feelings clearly in words: He was unusually articulate for a ten-year-old. She is the most articulate critic of government policy

aspirationa strong desire to have or do sth: I didn’t realize you had political aspirations.

plummet

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to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position plunge: Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. Her spirits plummeted at the thought of meeting him again. The jet plummeted into a row of houses.

lamentto express sorrow, mourning, or regret for often demonstratively bemoan, bewail, mourn [vn] In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside

vigorousvery active, determined or full of energy energetic: a vigorous campaign against tax fraud

resurgencethe reappearance and growth of something that was common in the pas: a resurgence of interest in the artist’s work a resurgence of interest in religion a resurgence in the popularity of 60s music

painstakingneeding a lot of care, effort and attention to detail thorough: painstaking research The building has been painstakingly restored to all its former elegance.

sift throughto examine sth very carefully in order to decide what is important or useful or to find sth important: We will sift every scrap of evidence. Crash investigators have been sifting through the wreckage of the aircraft.

eldera member of a tribe or other social group who is important and respected because they are old: a meeting of the village elders

banda group of people who do sth together or who have the same ideas: He persuaded a small band of volunteers to help.(Canadian) a formally recognized group of Inndians on a reservation

curbto control or limit sth, especially sth bad check: A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. measures to curb the spread of the virus

tome(formal) a large heavy book, especially one dealing with a serious topic: a weighty tome

POULAR SCIENCE PAPER: LINGUISTICS

pacification1 to make sb who is angry or upset become calm and quiet placate: The baby could not be pacified. The speech was designed to pacify the irate crowd.2 to bring peace to an area where there is fighting or a war: a turbulent period before the country was pacified

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onlookera person who watches sth that is happening but is not involved in it bystander: A crowd of onlookers gathered at the scene of the crash.

mannerisma particular habit or way of speaking or behaving that sb has but is not aware of: nervous / odd / irritating mannerisms

singsong1 verse with marked and regular rhythm and rhyme2 a voice delivery marked by a narrow range or monotonous pattern of pitch//a way of speaking in which your voice keeps rising and falling: I recognized her soft singsong immediately.

linger- to stay somewhere for longer because you do not want to leave; to spend a long time doing sth: She lingered for a few minutes to talk to Nick. We lingered over breakfast on the terrace.- to remain existent although often waning in strength, importance, or influence lingering doubts, lingering odors

inflectiona change in how high or low your voice is as you are speaking: She spoke slowly and without inflection.

motherese

slate~ sth (for sth) [usually passive] to plan that sth will happen at a particular time in the future: [vn] The next conference is slated for July. The houses were first slated for demolition five years ago. [vn to inf] The new store is slated to open in spring.

scaffold1 a platform used when executing criminals by cutting off their heads or hanging them from a rope: to die on the scaffold to be sent to the scaffold2 a structure made of scaffolding, for workers to stand on when they are working on a building

underpin(formal) to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.: The report is underpinned by extensive research.

posit(formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for an argument or discussion postulate: [vn] Most religions posit the existence of life after death.

hallmarka feature or quality that is typical of sb/sth: Police said the explosion bore all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.

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bipedal/quadrupedal

caregiver = carera person who takes care of a sick or old person at home: Carers do not always realize that they can receive financial support.

hold onto have your hands or arms tightly around something: Hold on tight!hold on to Hold on to my arm.

forage (especially of an animal) to search for food: The female only leaves the young when she forages for food.

hominid – a human, or a creature that lived in the past which humans developed from

sustenance1 a : means of support, maintenance, or subsistence : living b : food, provisions; also : nourishment

contend (formal) to say that sth is true, especially in an argument maintain: I would contend that the minister’s thinking is flawed on this point

juvenile(formal or law) a young person who is not yet an adult: Most of the suspects were juveniles under the age of 17.

precipitate1 a : to fall headlong b : to fall or come suddenly into some condition

babblethe sounds a baby makes before beginning to say actual words

balk = baulkto be unwilling to do sth or become involved in sth because it is difficult, dangerous, etc.: Many parents may baulk at the idea of paying $100 for a pair of shoes.

slinga device like a bag for carrying a baby on your back or in front of you

fashionto make or shape sth, especially with your hands: She fashioned a pot from the clay. She fashioned the clay into a pot.

demurto say that you do not agree with sth or that you refuse to do sth: [v] At first she demurred, but then finally agreed.

full-blown

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having all the characteristics of sb/sth; fully developed: The border dispute turned into a full-blown crisis.

yen~ (for sth / to do sth) a strong desire longing: I’ve always had a yen to travel around the world.

yak to talk continuously about things that are not very serious, in a way that is annoying: She just kept yakking on.

rootto search for sth by moving things or turning things over rummage: pigs rooting for food

POPULAR SCIENCE REFERENCE BOOK

lopto cut down a tree, or cut some large branches off it

lop sth off (sth)1 to remove part of sth by cutting it, especially to remove branches from a tree chop2 to make sth smaller or less by a particular amount: They lopped 20p off the price.mound 1 a large pile of earth or stones; a small hill: The castle was built on top of a natural grassy mound.2 a pile heap: a small mound of rice / sand

tangled 1 twisted together in an untidy way: tangled hair / bed clothes2 complicated, and not easy to understand: tangled financial affairs

bedding plant a plant that is planted out in a garden bed, usually just before it gets flowers. It usually grows and dies within one year.

cristatehaving or forming a crest or crista

prostratelying on the ground and facing downwards: They fell prostrate in worship.

clumpa small group of things or people very close together, especially trees or plants; a bunch of sth such as grass or hair: a clump of trees / bushes

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

reinstate

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to give back a job or position that had been taken away from somebody: He was reinstated in his post.

heavy equipment operator

overturnto officially decide that a legal decision, etc. is not correct, and to make it no longer valid: to overturn a decision/conviction/verdict // His sentence was overturned by the appeal court.

labor-management contract

cognizantif someone is cognizant of something, they know about it and understand itHe was cognizant of the peculiarities of the case.

attorneya lawyer, especially one who can act for somebody in court

turn downto reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it: Why did she turn down your invitation? // He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.harassmentwhen someone behaves in an unpleasant or threatening way towards you: African-Americans have been complaining about police harassment for years.side with somebody (against somebody/something)to support one person or group in an argument against somebody else: The kids always sided with their mother against me.

elaborate- to explain or describe something in a more detailed way: He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons. - elaborate something to develop a plan, an idea, etc. and make it complicated or detailed: In his plays he takes simple traditional tales and elaborates them.

deferto delay something until a later time put offThe department deferred the decision for six months.// She had applied for deferred admission to college.

delineateto describe, draw or explain something in detail: Our objectives need to be precisely delineated.//The ship's route is clearly delineated on the map.

fireworks [plural] (informal) strong or angry words; exciting actions: There'll be fireworks when he finds out!

outside earning

vehementshowing very strong feelings, especially anger forceful

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vehement denial/attack/protest, etc. //He had been vehement in his opposition to the idea.

wither- if a plant withers or something withers it, it dries up and dies- wither (away) to become less or weaker, especially before disappearing completely: All our hopes just withered away

blast an articleblast somebody/something (for something/for doing something) (informal) to criticize somebody/something severely: The movie was blasted by all the critics.

titillateto interest or excite somebody, especially in a sexual waytitillating pictures // a story intended to titillate the imagination of the public //a selection of dishes to titillate your palate

asset-a person or thing that is valuable or useful to somebody/something: In his job, patience is an invaluable asset.//Being able to speak a foreign language is a major asset // She'll be an asset to the team.- a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts: the net asset value of the company //Her assets include shares in the company and a house in France. disclosure form

scoff to talk about somebody/something in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous mock He scoffed at our amateurish attempts. //Don't scoff—she's absolutely right.

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

On the United Kingdom's public transport systems, a penalty fare is a special fare charged at a higher than normal price because the purchaser did not comply with the normal ticket purchasing rules.

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