Ancient Greece to The Roman Empire

3,000 B.C. – 500 A.D.

First, an overview!

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-1010/new-topic-2014-08-07T19:34:44.865Z/v/greek-and-roman-art

Listen carefully!

LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

Timeline

1. Aegean Age 3,000 - 1,200 BC2. Greek Dark Ages 1,200 – 800 BC3. Greek Age

A. Archaic 800 – 500 BCB. Classical 500 – 330 BCC. Hellenistic 330 BC – 1 BC

4.RomanA.Republic 500 BC – 1 BCB. Empire 1 AD – 500 AD

BC/AD – BCE/CE

Archaic Period

The Formative Years800 – 500 BC

Ideas were taken from Meso & Egyptian cultures

Two Greek cities emerged strongAthens – the heart and soulSparta – very militaristic/loved war

Towards the end, the Persians attacked and the Athenians and Spartans came together and

WON.

Classical Period

The Great Greek Awakening500 – 330 BC

After the Persian War, Sparta (land) and Athens (naval) emerge again as

great powers.

Great strides were made in government, science, history, art and

humanism

Hellenistic Period

Alexander the Great ushered in the Hellenistic Period with the conquest of the First Persian Empire.

Alexandria, Egypt was the heart of the Empire during this period - Library of Alexandria

With his death, the Empire fractured. Diadochi kingdoms took over from there.

Architecture

Archaic Period• City-states were situated on a hill for

protection• The highest point and grouping of the

temples was called the Acropolis.Classical Period

The most famous acropolis was built during this time by Pericles – Acropolis

of Athens - Parthenon

Parthenon

• A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, patron of Athens

• Doric Order

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/v/the-classical-orders

Architecture cont.

Hellenistic PeriodMore buildings/structures

More types of buildings/structuresBIGGER buildings/structures

Pottery

Archaic PeriodThree phases– Geometric - patterns– Orientalizing – adding of figures– Black-figure – black silhouettes; start of

narrative scenes

If any animals or humans are depicted, they are rigidly stylizedhttp://

www.incrediblethings.com/art-design/superheroes-as-ancient-greek-art/.

Wall Murals

• Flat• Sharply outlined

Tomb of the Diver – Southern Italy

Sculptures

Rigid and Stylized Realistic, beauty of the human body

The shift was propelled forward with the idea of humanism.

Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer)

Ideal statue of a nude male athlete or warriorOriginal named, “Canon” Original in bronze (marble copy)Polykleitos developed Greek canon

height of the head was used as the unit of measurement for determining the overall height of the bodyDoryphoros is 8 heads tall

ContrappostoWeight on one leg, hips and shoulders are no

longer parallel, and spine is in an S curve

Disc Thrower

Polyclitus- famous sculptorduring Classical Period.

Focused on athletes tocelebrate their achieve-ments.

Athletes were favored by the gods.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MthUbt6p1cg

Aphrodite of Cnidus

• First woman to be sculpted• Praxiteles preferred to sculpt deities

Sculpture in the Hellensitic Period

• They were realistic but also told a story

Greek Theatre

• Serious drama

• Comedic drama

Oedipus Rexhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXyek9Ddus4 *After watching the short video, draw the family tree of Oedipus.

OedipusJocastaLaiusAntigoneIsmene (she is not mentioned in the video, but she is the daughter of Oedipus)

Oedipus Rex Written by Sophocles 429 BCE – first part of a three-part cycleOedipus was the son of Laius and Jocasta, king and queen of Thebes. After having been married some time without children, Laius and Jocasta consulted an oracle. What is an oracle? **A prophet, someone who can see/tell the future

The Oracle prophesied that if Jocasta should have a son, the son would kill her husband Laius and marry her. When the couple had a son, Laius had his ankles pinned together so that he could not crawl, and gave the boy to a servant to abandon. The sympathetic servant passed the baby on instead of leaving him to die, where he ended up being adopted by the King & Queen of Corinth.(Oedipus becomes a prince).

Many years later, Oedipus is told that the king of Corinth is not his real father. Oedipus seeks counsel from the same Delphic Oracle. The Oracle does not tell him the identity of his true parents but instead tells him that he is destined to kill his father and marry his mother. In his attempt to avoid the fate predicted by the Oracle, he decides to not return home to Corinth. Oedipus decides to go to Thebes.

Oedipus RexAs Oedipus travels he comes to a place where three roads meet, and here he encounters a chariot, driven by his (unrecognized) birth-father, King Laius. They fight over who has the right to go first and Oedipus kills Laius in self defense, fulfilling part of the prophecy.

Continuing his journey to Thebes, Oedipus encounters a Sphinx which would stop all those who traveled to Thebes and ask them a riddle. If the travelers were unable to answer correctly, they were killed and eaten by the sphinx; if they were successful, they would be able to continue their journey. The riddle was:

"What walks on four feet in the morning, two in the afternoon and three at night?" Oedipus answers: "Man; as an infant, he crawls on all fours, as an adult,

he walks on two legs and, in old age, he relies on a walking stick.”

Oedipus was the first to answer the riddle correctly. The Sphinx is astounded and inexplicably kills itself by throwing itself into the sea, freeing Thebes.

Oedipus Rex Grateful, the people of Thebes appoint Oedipus as their king and give him the recently widowed Queen Jocasta's hand in marriage.

In a search for the identity of the killer of Laius, Oedipus follows Creon's (his brother-in-law) suggestion and sends for the blind prophet, Tiresias, who warns him not to try to find the killer. In a heated exchange, Tiresias exposes Oedipus as the killer.

A messenger then reveals that Oedipus was adopted. Jocasta then goes into the palace where she hangs herself. Oedipus seeks verification of the messenger's story from the very same herdsman who was supposed to have left Oedipus to die as a baby. Thus, Oedipus finally realizes in great agony that so many years ago, at the place where three roads meet, he had killed his own father, King Laius, and as a consequence, married his mother, Jocasta.

Using the pin from a brooch he takes off Jocasta's gown, Oedipus gouges his eyes out.

Prophesy in Oedipus RexThere are three instances of prophesy in Oedipus:

a.) The oracle tells Laius and Jocasta that their son will kill Laius and marry Jocasta.

b.) the oracle says that the plague will be lifted if the murderer of Laius is banished.

c.) Tiresias tells Oedipus of the same prophesy as Laius and Jocasta.

**This prophesy motif is prevalent in many Greek tragedies and reveals the theme of denial or blindness to the truth (symbolized by Oedipus gouging his eyes out at the end).

Oedipus Sensory Figures1. Create a simple drawing of your character chosen from the story (Oedipus, Jocasta, Lauis, Antigone).

2. Label each sense – what the character may be seeing, hearing, saying, feeling, thinking, etc.

3. These can be both physical and mental experiences (for instance, a person can feel sad, but they can also feel the hot or cold of the weather depending on Where the setting is).

4. You MUST use some color!

I see…

I feel with my heart…

I feel with my feet…

I hear…

I feel with my hands…

I think…