SANGHAS AND ANDHRAS; B.C 185-A.D 150

The growth of Sanchi

•Buddhist monks started to built their monasteries in more peaceful and solitary environment.•The most famous of these blossomed upon the hilltop in Sanchi (near Bhopal).•At first it was a semi circular brick mound of 70 feet. •Then it was made double to 120 feet and 54 feet high.•A pradakhshinapath of 16 feet high from the ground was present round the stupa.•Lower level was for the common pilgrim.• the crown was flattened to make a place for a circular platform, above which rose a stone 3 tier umbrella (chattra) within a square enclosure with railing (harmika). • wooden railing present.• 34’ high ‘torana’ was introduced at four cardinal points of the railing.

SANGHAS AND ANDHRAS

• The plan was linier capsule shape.• The Stupa are surrounded by a series of columns.• There is Atrium space.• There were two identical columns that defined the entry.•There was an Ashok column.• There was Portico.• The front fasad of the building looked as if it were made of wooden origin.

• Chaita hall was carved out ofnative rock in the first century B.C.• It is a buddhist chapel before the rise of Hindu religion.

• Rib volt effect can be found in the interior.• The walls were paneling.• The roofing system was like a capsule.• The columns were short.• The shafts were small and they had weed.• There were many types of Buddha sitting on the columns.• The columns were not round.• The daily used things were used as ornamental elements.

• Chaita is the main dominating feature.• There was Entry below it.• As the orientation was of the east side, light felled on the Stupa.• There were Buddha Murti in the small Chaita.

SANGHAS AND ANDHRAS

Chaita Hall at Ajanta

Buddhist monasteries of Gandhara

• Kabul Valley was created for Hidukoash.• Gandhara civilization developed at Taxila.• There was absence of civilization.• They thought Bihara was made for prayer.• The Hindukoash Mountains supported them.• Taxila is a very big city.•The Gandhara civilization started to develop in a place called Taktibahai.• Gandh civilization became popular for urban design.• It dominated geometry.• The multipurpose functions start to come.

Takh- ti- Bahi

• The plan was squarish.• The monastery was at the center.• The height was tried to be given.• The high plinth was added of height 4’6” to 5’0”.

• Alcove was created.• There were spaces between two cells.• There were small Stupa in all of them.• There was Cupola roof.• The plinth was decorated to enhance it.• There were gallery stairs on the Stupa. The base was made high of height 8’ – 9’.• The Stupa was diminishing.• Four tiers of diminishing drum were used in the Stupa.• There were six chatris on top.

• There was Double treatment on the roofs of the cella.• There was a sallow roof at the bottom and a capsule shaped dome on top.