analysis of nuclear transmutation induced from metal...

Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction PowerPoint slides. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.

Slide 1

ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION INDUCED FROM METAL PLUS MULTIBODY-FUSION-

PRODUCTS REACTION

* Masayuki OHTAAkito TAKAHASHI

Department of Nuclear Engineering, Osaka University, JAPAN* [email protected]

+

R1

FP1 FP2

R2

FP1FP2

Dumbbell-Oscillation Scission

Ec = 1.44 Z1Z2/R : Coulomb repulsion∆E(r) = ε(r)2 A2/3 (6.88 - 0.140 Z2/A)

: Elliptic deform EnergyE´

c : Effective Coulomb EnergyEx: Excitation EnergyEf: Fission BarrierReff = η (R1+R2): Effecitve Scission Distance

∆

Elliptic-Deformation

Ec

Ef

Ex

→ R

Pote

ntia

l

E´c

Reff

Q

∆E(r)

Fig. 1-1: Fission process and potential

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Potential (MeV)

( )fm r

( )rV

( )r∆E

a b

c∆E

Q

′cE

fExE

Fission Tunnel

V∆

Reff

cE

Fig. 1-2: Tunnel Fission

Fig. 1-3: Selective Channel Scission

M

M

CsRbU

BaKrU

PmGaU

SnMoU

TeZrU

BaKrU

14690236

14888236

15779236

132104236

134102236

14492236

+→

+→

+→

+→

+→

+→

xf EE ≤

xf EE >

Channel-open probability

1

0 < Pi(Ex) <1

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 50 100 150 200

M A SS N UM BER

FP YIELD (%)

JEND L3.2 (Therm al NeutronFission)

U-235

(Prompt Neutron Emission)

2D-model 1D-model

D+

D+ nucleusK-N

electronsPlasmon(H++e-)

QED-photons

hν

hν

hνhν

hν

hν hν

hν hν

hν

hνe-

e-

Rayleigh Scatt.

Penetration

Compton Scatt.&

Photo-Electric

Fig. 2-1: Multi-Photon Absorption in Pd nucleus by QED Coupling to PdDx Plasma Oscillation

d d d ddd

d

d 4He

4He4He

e-

e-

6Li*

(4-: P-wave)

6Li*(3+) photonsphotons8Be*

P-wave: (3-,5-)or: (1-)or: (2+)

8Be(g.s: 0+)

46 keV46 keV

240 keV470 keV

Fig. 2-2: Coherent X-rays for PdDx system

23.84 < ∆Ephotons <25.3223.8 MeVplasmon

t t

x x

τ*~

10-1

5s

10-1

6s

τ~

10-1

5s

τ*

47.6 MeVLattice Phonons > 106

(Plasmon Osci.)τ* » PPT ≅ 10-18 s

10 nm

(> 103)

Multi-Photon Induced Fission Model

Fig. 2-3: Multi-Photon Excitation

0.1

1

10

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

ATO M IC NUM BER

FP YIELD (%)

P d-NATURALLB-1

Si

OS

Ar

K

CaTi

Cr Fe

V Mn

Ni

Zn

Sr

CuGa

Ge

MPIFMIZUNO-EXP

Fig. 2-5: Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd photo-fission, LB-1 = 18 MeV)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

M ASS NU M BER

FP YIELD (%)

P d-NATUR ALLB-1

STABLE, MPIFR.I., MPIFMIZUNO-EXP

42Ar 60Fe

63Ni

90Sr35S

45Ca

59Fe

89Sr

Fig. 2-6: Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd photo-fission, LB-1 = 18 MeV)

Nuclear Transmutation

References:A.B. Karabut, Proc. ICCF9, 151 (2002).

Octahedral site

Fig. 3-1: 4D and 8D Fusions in Pd lattice

Palladium Tetrahedral site

(a) (b)

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 3-2: Two-dimensional schematic view of coherent motion(a) incoherent (b) anti-coherent (2D)(c) coherent (3D) (d) coherent (4D)

References:[1]: R.W. Standley, M. Steinback and C.B. Satterthwaite, “Superconductivity in PdHx(Dx) from 0.2 K to 4 K", Solid State Commun., 31, 801 (1979).[2]: J.P. Burger, Metal Hydrides, G. Bambakidis ed. (Plenum, 1981), p. 243.[3]: A. Takahashi, “DRASTIC ENHANCEMENT OF D-CLUSTER FUSION BY ELECTRONIC QUASI-PARTICLE SCREENING ”, Proc. JCF4, 74 (2002). [4]: M. Ohta et al., “Possible Mechanism of Coherent Multibody Fusion”, Proc. ICCF8, 403 (2000).

Fig. 3-4: Temperature coefficient of electric resistance for PdDx (acoustical and optical phonon mode) 2)

PdDx

PdHx

Fig. 3-3: Superconducting transition temperature as a function of H(D) concentrations for PdHx and PdDx

1)

Enhancement of Screening Effect 3,4)

acoustic

optic

Tem

pera

ture

coe

ffici

ent (

a.u.

)

Ele

ctro

n-ph

onon

cou

plin

g co

nsta

nt

electron-phonon interaction under transient condition

Fig. 3-5: 8D multi-body reaction

0.2 nm

capture

Pd

M (Cs)

Be-8

α

Multi-body Fusion Reaction

(1) 3D → 6Li* → d + 4He + 23.8 MeV(2) 4D → 8Be* → 2 4He + 47.6 MeV(3) 8D → 16O* (109.84 MeV) → 2 8Be + 95.2 MeV

8Be* → 2 4He + 47.6 MeV

Nuclear Transmutation(1) M + Photons → FP1 + FP2 (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)

(2) M + 4He → M’ (Cd for Pd)→ FP1’ + FP2’ (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)

(3) M + 8Be → M’’ (Sn for Pd, Pr for Cs, Mo for Sr)→ FP1’’ + FP2’’ (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)

4D and 8D Fusions can be selective. 1)

References:[1]: A. Takahashi, Proc. JCF4, 74 (2002).

Table 3-1: Natural abundance of Pd isotopes and

excitation energies of compound nucleus by + α and + 8Be reactions

Nuclides Natural abundance (%) + α (23.8 MeV) Excitation

energy (MeV) + 8Be (47.6 MeV) Excitation energy (MeV)

102Pd 1.02 106Cd* 25.4 110Sn* 50.4

104Pd 11.14 108Cd* 26.1 112Sn* 51.8

105Pd 22.33 109Cd* 26.3 113Sn* 52.5

106Pd 27.33 110Cd* 26.7 114Sn* 53.2

108Pd 26.46 112Cd* 27.3 116Sn* 54.5

110Pd 11.72 114Cd* 27.9 118Sn* 55.8

48Cd abundance( %)106 1.02 108 11.14 109 22.33 110 27.33 112 26.46 114 11.72

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100

M AS S NU M B ER O F FP

FISSIO

N BARRIER (MeV)

C d-108Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSION BARRIER (MeV)

C d-106Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N BARRIER (MeV)

C d-109Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSION B

ARRIER (MeV)

C d-110Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N B

ARRIER (MeV)

C d-112Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100

M A SS N U M B ER O F FP

FISSION B

ARRIER (MeV

)

C d-114Q >0

0.1

1

10

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

ATO M IC NUM B ER

FP YIELD (%)

S C S

M IZU NO -EXP

Pd+ (Pd: N ATURA L)SC S

O

NeMg Si

S

ZrCa

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Ni

Cu

Zn

Se

Mo

Kr

SrC

Al

Fig. 4-7 :Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd+α)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

M A SS N UM BER

FP YIELD (%)

SC S

M IZUN O -EXP

Pd+ (Pd: NA TURAL)SC S

Fig. 4-8: Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd+α)

48Sn abundance( %)110 1.02 112 11.14 113 22.33 114 27.33 116 26.46 118 11.72

0

10

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30

40

50

60

70

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90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100



Sn-110Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N BARRIER (MeV)

Sn-112Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N BARRIER (MeV)

Sn-113Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

M AS S N U M B ER O F FP

FISSION B

ARRIER (MeV)

S n-114Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N B

ARRIER (MeV)

S n-116Q >0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100


FISSIO

N B

ARRIER (MeV)

S n-118Q >0

0.1

1

10

100

0 10 20 30 40 50

ATO M IC NU M B ER

FP YIELD (%)

S C S

M IZU NO -EXP

Pd+8B e (Pd: N ATU RAL)

SCS

O

NeMg

SiP

SY

Ru

Ca

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Ni

Cu

Zn

Zr

Rb

Sr

Se

Kr

Br

C

F

Na

Al

Nb

Mo

Fig. 5-7 :Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd+8Be)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

M ASS N UM BER

FP YIELD (%)

SC S

M IZUN O -EXP

Pd+8B e (Pd: N ATU RAL)

SCS

Fig. 5-8 :Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd+8Be)

0.1

1

10

100

Fe-54 Fe-56 Fe-57 Fe-58

NaturalM IZUNOIW AM URAKarabutPd (M PIF)Pd+He-4Pd+Be-8

abunda

nce

(%)

Fig. 6-1: Comparison of isotopic ratio between natural Fe, SCS analysis and experiments.

Discussion

Existence of 48Cd and 50Sn in some 46Pd-system experimentCs → Pr and Sr → Mo in Mitsubishi experiment

Suggestion of Pd + α and Pd + 8Be reactions

Nuclear transmutation (Production of Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)

Suggestion of Fission(Pd-photo fission or Pd + α or Pd + 8Be ?)

ConclusionNuclear Transmutation was analyzed by Selective Channel Scission model.

• M + photons (e.g. A. Takahashi et al., Proc.ICCF8 p.397)• M + 4He• M + 8Be

Future workApplication of mode analysis

(e.g. U. Brosa et al., Phys. Rep. 197 (1990) 167.)

Analysis of γ-ray emission

MPIF

0.1

1

10

100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

ATO M IC NUM B ER

FP YIELD (%)

P d-NATURALLB-2

O

Ne

Mg

Si

P

S

ClK

Ar

CaTi

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Ni

Co Cu

Zn

Ge

Ga

As

Se

Kr

Sr

MIZUNO-EXPMIZUNO-EXP

0.1

1

10

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

ATO M IC NU M BER

FP YIELD (%)

M PIF LB =15M eV

M IZU N O -EXPW -N ATU RALLB=15M eV

Ca

He

Ti

V

Cr

M n

Fe

N i

Zn

G e Se

Br

Kr Sr Zr

Y

M o

Ru

Pd

C d

Sn Te Xe

Sb I

C s

Ba

Hf

(1) 106Cd → 12C + 94Mo + 1.28 MeV. (Ef = 22.76 MeV)

(2) 106Cd → 16O + 90Zr + 6.37 MeV. (Ef = 23.44 MeV)

(3) 106Cd → 50Ti + 56Fe + 24.89 MeV. (Ef = 24.78 MeV)

(4) 106Cd → 52Cr + 54Cr + 25.21 MeV. (Ef = 24.80 MeV)

(5) 108Cd → 50Ti + 58Fe + 24.32 MeV. (Ef = 25.06 MeV)

(6) 108Cd → 54Cr + 54Cr + 24.60 MeV. (Ef = 25.09 MeV)

(7) 109Cd → 50Ti + 59Fe + 23.58 MeV. (Ef = 25.65 MeV)

(8) 108Cd → 16O + 92Zr + 3.94 MeV. (Ef = 25.73 MeV)

(9) 109Cd → 51Ti + 58Fe + 23.37 MeV. (Ef = 25.85 MeV)

(10) 109Cd → 54Cr + 55Cr + 23.53 MeV. (Ef = 26.01 MeV)

Table: Top 10 channel of Pd + α reaction

(1) 110Sn → 12C + 98Ru + 2.39 MeV. (Ef = 35.87 MeV)

(2) 112Sn → 12C + 100Ru + 0.56 MeV. (Ef = 37.53 MeV)

(3) 110Sn → 16O + 94Mo + 7.31 MeV. (Ef = 40.23 MeV)

(4) 112Sn → 16O + 96Mo + 4.87 MeV. (Ef = 42.46 MeV)

(5) 110Sn → 15N + 95Tc + 0.08 MeV. (Ef = 42.74 MeV)

(6) 113Sn → 16O + 97Mo + 3.95 MeV. (Ef = 43.28 MeV)

(7) 114Sn → 16O + 98Mo + 2.29 MeV. (Ef = 44.83 MeV)

(8) 110Sn → 18O + 92Mo + 1.75 MeV. (Ef = 45.34 MeV)

(9) 110Sn → 17O + 93Mo + 1.78 MeV. (Ef = 45.53 MeV)

(10) 110Sn → 20Ne + 90Zr + 9.98 MeV. (Ef = 45.61 MeV)

Table: Top 10 channel of Pd + 8Be reaction

0

10

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30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100

M ASS NUM BER O F FP


C d-106Q >0

Fig. 4-1: Fission barriers for Cd-106

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 10

M ASS N UM B ER O F FP


C d-108Q >0

0


0

10

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30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100

M A SS N U M BER O F FP


C d-109Q >0


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100



C d-110Q >0


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100



C d-112Q >0


0

10

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30

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50

60

0 20 40 60 80 100



C d-114Q >0


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

M ASS NU M BER O F FP


S n-110Q >0

Fig. 5-1: Fission barriers for Sn-110

0

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90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100



S n-112Q >0


0

10

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100

0 20 40 60 80 100



S n-113Q >0


0

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0 20 40 60 80 100



S n-114Q >0


0

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0 20 40 60 80 100



S n-116Q >0


0

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0 20 40 60 80 100



S n-118Q >0


analysis of nuclear transmutation induced from metal...

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