transmutation of spent nuclear fuel utilizing spallation reactions john freiderich ncss 07/27/2006
TRANSCRIPT
Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions
John Freiderich
NCSS
07/27/2006
Introduction
Accumulated Spent Nuclear Fuel Over 40k metric tons
Spallation Transmutation
Spallation
What does this entail? Incident Particle Target Nucleus
Goal: Generate Neutrons
Cross-Section
Incident Particles Charged Particles
Uncharged Particles
)1(2
BRTOT
2)( RTOT
Mass Partitions
Two-Step Nucleon Production
First Step Penetration Intranuclear Cascade
Second Step De-excitation of Compound Nucleus
Evaporation of nucleons and light nuclei Fission
Intranuclear Cascade
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Prediction: Enrico Fermi (1940s) Today
Criticality Concerns Decay Heat Management Radioactive Waste Handling
Seen as Primary Problems
Products of Nuclear Waste
Radio nuclides 90Sr, 137Cs 239Pu, 242Pu, 237Np, 129I, 135Cs and 99Tc
Mobility & Half-lives
Transmutation
Transforming the Nucleus Neutron Absorption
eRuTcnTc 56
1004457
100431
1056
9943
Neutron Absorption
Induced through Sub-critical System Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) External Source of Neutrons
Chemical Reprocessing
Aqueous Separations Remove 238U and some other fission
products
ADS Schematic
Conclusion
Exponential growth in Energy Demand Spallation provides neutron source
Inquiries?
References
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[3]Friedlander, G.; Kennedy, J. W.; Macias, E. S.; Miller, J. M. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 3rd edition; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1981; 171-176.
[4](a) Gudowski, W. Transmutation of Nuclear Waste. Nucl. Phys. A. 2000, 663&664, 169c-182c. (b) Accelerator-driven Transmutation Projects. The Importance of Nuclear Physics Research for Waste Transmutation. Nucl. Phys. A. 1999, 654, 436c-457c.
[5]Loveland, W.; Morrissey, D.J.; Seaborg, G.T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry; John Wiley and Sons: New Jersey, 2006; 288-290.
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