wedsoil

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition and Soil

Review

Question 1

• True or False: After chemical weathering, the chemical make up of the rock is the same.

Answer 1

• True or False: After chemical weathering, the chemical make up of the rock is the same.

• False

Question 2

• Which soil layer contains partially weathered rock?

Answer 2

• Which soil layer contains partially weathered rock?

• C Horizon

Question 3

• What is the loose material on the Earth’s surface that contains humus?

Answer 3

• What is the loose material on the Earth’s surface that contains humus?

• Soil

Question 4

• Which soil layer is the best for growing plants?

Answer 4

• Which soil layer is the best for growing plants?

• The A Horizon (Topsoil)

Question 5

• What agent of mechanical weathering wears away rock by the grinding action of other rock particles?

Answer 5

• What agent of mechanical weathering wears away rock by the grinding action of other rock particles?

• Abrasion

Question 6

• How does ice wedging cause mechanical weathering of rocks?

Answer 6

• How does ice wedging cause mechanical weathering of rocks?

• By freezing and thawing

Question 7

• The growth of plant roots and animal activity is what type of weathering?

Answer 7

• The growth of plant roots and animal activity is what type of weathering?

• Mechanical Weathering

Question 8

• What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

Answer 8

• What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?

• Chemical weathering

Question 9

• A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It has probably been weathered by what?

Answer 9

• A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It has probably been weathered by what?

• Oxygen (oxidation)

Question 10

• How does a hot and wet climate affect the rate of weathering?

Answer 10

• How does a hot and wet climate affect the rate of weathering?

• It makes it take place faster

Question 11

• What are the most important factors in determining the weathering rate of rocks?

Answer 11

• What are the most important factors in determining the weathering rate of rocks?

• Climate and mineral composition

Question 12

• How does soil formation begin?

Answer 12

• How does soil formation begin?

• With the weathering of rock

Question 13

• What is the mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air called?

Answer 13

• What is the mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, water, and air called?

• Soil

Question 14

• What is the decayed organic material in soil called?

Answer 14

• What is the decayed organic material in soil called?

• Humus

Question 15

• The type of soil called loam is made of what?

Answer 15

• The type of soil called loam is made of what?

• Nearly equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay

Question 16

• In which layer of soil is topsoil found?

Answer 16

• In which layer of soil is topsoil found?

• A Horizon

Question 17

• What type of particles does the B Horizon contain?

Answer 17

• What type of particles does the B Horizon contain?

• Clay, minerals, and a little humus

Question 18

• What do living organisms do in the soil?

Answer 18

• What do living organisms do in the soil?

• Mix the soil and make humus

Question 19

• What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?

Answer 19

• What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?

• Erosion by wind or water

Question 20

• Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930’s?

Answer 20

• Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930’s?

• It helped to cause the Dust Bowl

Question 21

• What is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil called?

Answer 21

• What is the solid layer of rock beneath the soil called?

• The Bedrock (R Horizon)

Question 22

• What is another name for the B Horizon?

Answer 22

• What is another name for the B Horizon?

• Subsoil

Question 23

• What type of weathering occurs when pollutants in the air mix with the water vapor in the air?

Answer 23

• What type of weathering occurs when pollutants in the air mix with the water vapor in the air?

• Acid Rain

Question 24

• What is the process where sediment is dropped off in a new location?

Answer 24

• What is the process where sediment is dropped off in a new location?

• deposition

Question 25

• What force causes mass movement?

Answer 25

• What force causes mass movement?

• gravity

Question 26

• Where does water above ground deposit sediment?

Answer 26

• Where does water above ground deposit sediment?

• Where the water slows down

Question 27

• What is the name of the cave formation that hangs from the ceiling?

Answer 27

• What is the name of the cave formation that hangs from the ceiling?

• stalactite

Question 28

• What is the name for the particles that are picked up and moved by wind and water?

Answer 28

• What is the name for the particles that are picked up and moved by wind and water?

• sediment

Question 29

• What are the natural forces that move weathered rock particles and soil from one place to another?

Answer 29

• What are the natural forces that move weathered rock particles and soil from one place to another?

• Erosion

Question 30

• How to glaciers cause erosion?

• They move over land and pick up rocks and boulders

Question 31

• What is a tiny groove in the soil called?

Answer 31

• What is a tiny groove in the soil called?

• Rill

Question 32

• What is a large groove in the ground that water travels through called?

Answer 32

• What is a large groove in the ground that water travels through called?

• Gully

Question 33

• Where does wind deposit sediment?

Answer 33

• Where does wind deposit sediment?

• Where it slows down – sand dunes

Question 34

• How do caves form?

Answer 34

• How do caves form?

• Chemical weathering by carbonic acid then sediments erode into groundwater and form stalactites and stalagmites as the sediments are deposited

Question 35

• What is groundwater?

Answer 35

• What is groundwater?

• The term geologists give for water that is underground

Question 36

• What is creep?

Answer 36

• What is creep?

• A type of mass movement where sediment slowly moves downhill because of gravity

Question 37

• How does wind move sediment?

Answer 37

• How does wind move sediment?

• By deflation

Question 38

• What is the term for how a glacier picks up sediment?

Answer 38

• What is the term for how a glacier picks up sediment?

• Plucking

Question 39

• How does water above ground cause erosion?

Answer 39

• How does water above ground cause erosion?

• Moving water picks up and moves sediments

Question 40

• What are stalagmites?

Answer 40

• What are stalagmites?

• A cave formation that grows from the cave floor

Question 41

• What is a glacier?

Answer 41

• What is a glacier?

• A large mass of ice that moves slowly

Question 42

• Where does water below ground deposit sediment?

Answer 42

• Where does water below ground deposit sediment?

• In cave formations

Question 43

• Where do glaciers deposit sediment?

Answer 43

• Where do glaciers deposit sediment?

• Where they begin to melt

Question 44

• What is sediment?

Answer 44

• What is sediment?

• The particles of rock and soil that are moved by erosion

Question 45

• Where does gravity deposit sediment?

Answer 45

• Where does mass movement deposit sediment?

• At the bottom of the hill