the glorious revolution and the hanover...
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THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION AND THE HANOVER KINGS
CHARLES II* The “Merry Monarch”
* Mistresses, mistresses, mistresses
* Conversion to Catholicism
* Throne Passes to Brother, James
JAMES II* Catholic
* No Heirs…
James Edward –Catholic!
* Upset Protestants
Invite William of Orange (Holland) to be King
Married to James II’s daughter Mary
THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
Saving England “rescue the nation and the religion” from the Catholic James II
James’ Heir Reared as a Catholic
Unacceptable
Invasion Not hostile, but excitement grew as he marched on London
James runs away to France
THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS (ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS)
ParliamentAgree to put William and Mary on the throne if they agreed to…
The Declaration of RightsNo Catholic could become king or queen
Taxes could not be raised without Parliament’s consent
No laws enacted without Parliamentary approval
Foundation for the American Bill of Rights
WILLIAM AND MARY
Joint Monarchs First and only time in English history
Lasts until Mary’s death by smallpox
Mary II – loved by all!
William’s Intent Rules alone
Stop French expansion
College of William and Mary Second oldest university in the United States
Houses the oldest college building in the United States
First law school in America
ANNE
William’s Death Mary’s sister and William’s sister-in-law
Anne establishes Britain as a major European power.
Worn Out Queen Pregnant 18 times, 13 stillbirths
5 living children – all die as well
The Last Stuart Monarch Succession passes to the heirs of Electress Sophia of Hanover
GEORGE I (1714-1727)
Closest Living Protestant Relation Hanover, Germany, aged 54
Unable to speak English and limited knowledge of England
Marriage Sophia Dorothea
Dislike, mistresses and affairs (Philip von Konigsmarck)
Weak Government Had to trust associates, but couldn’t…
THE “PRIME” MINISTER
King’s (or Queen’s) Cabinet
Several ministers who gave advice
King presided over Cabinet meeting
Reliance on Robert Walpole
VIDEO – The First Prime Minister
“Prime” (First) Minister to the King
Robert Walpole
10 Downing Street
Essentially runs government for George I
THE JACOBITE UPRISING – PART I
Jacobite Latin Jacobus – James; Who do they support?
The 1715 Uprising Scotland Place James Edward Stuart - “The Old Pretender” on the throne
Easily crushed
The 1745 Uprising James II supporters
60 years after exile
Charles Edward Stuart – Bonnie Prince Charlie “The Young Pretender”
THE JACOBITE UPRISING – PART II
Battle of CullodenUtter defeat, thought English would rally…
No quarter given…
Destruction of the JacobitesPrisoners shot, neglected to starvation, executed publicly, or sold as slaves to American plantations.
Scottish Clan chiefs stripped of rights
Lord Lovat, 80 year-old Scottish man, last person to be beheaded in public in England
GEORGE II (1727-1760)
Wars, Wars, and Wars War of Jenkins’ Ear (Spain)
War of the Austrian Succession (France)
Seven Years’ War (France)
Battle of Dettingen (France)
Last British king to lead troops in battle
Marriage Caroline casts a “blind eye”
On her deathbed – tells him to remarry, George refuses
British Expansion North America (Georgia), India, and Canada
GEORGE III (1760-1820)
First Hanover Monarch Born in England Conscientious ruler, took role seriously
Ability to speak to average people
Napoleon and the American Revolution
Marriage Met Charlotte, six hours later, married!
Faithful throughout – 15 children
“They did not fall in love and marry; they married and fell in love.”
MAD KING GEORGE
Porphyria
“purple pigment”
Blood disorder which causes mental disturbances
In-breeding
VIDEO – George III’s Mad Doctor
Continued Illness
Son, Prince George, rules as Regent
Permanent derangement and blindness for the last nine years
GEORGE IV (1820-1830)
Ruled as Regent Finally made king after George III’s death
Marriage Secret wife – Maria FitzHerbert
Act of Settlement
Forced wife – Caroline
Wants divorce - infidelity
Rule as King Grant Catholics rights!
Slowly, they begin gaining them again…
Wild Guy – health suffers, overweight, and virtual recluse at Windsor
IN SUMMARY…
VIDEO – The Georges – LIVE!
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