s1.4.breeding for drought and acid soil tolerant maize in indonesia

Breeding for Drought

and Acid Soil Tolerant

Maize in Indonesia

M. Azrai, Roy Effendi and M. Yasin

Indonesian Cereals Research Institute

Importance and Problems of Maize

• The second food and as the main feed ingredient

• Domestic production is lower, demand on maize

incresing necessary imports

• Farmer eager to plant of maize, but 75% is

cultivated in dry land and acid soil Farmers

need DT and AcT Maize

• Increasing pest and disease DM

• Climate change Difficult prediction of the

seasons Need variety tolerant to drought and

water lodging

• Mize Public Issue: Food, Feed, Energy

Inflation Poor.

What the important of DT and AcT Maize in

Indonesia? • Maize is planted in

Indonesia in ±4.2 million

ha

• 79% of the whole area is

dry land

• Most of the land area

(59%) is low-productive

due to drought and acid

soil Plant RS >< Yield

defisit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

Qu

an

tity

Harvested Area (million ha)Productivity (t/ha)Production (million ton)

Progress: Production, harvested area

and yield of Maize in Indonesia

2001-2010

Production increasing by

yield

Technology

Variety

5

Export Inport

1 2006 11.609.463 28.674 1.775.321

2 2007 13.287.527 101.739 476.162

3 2008 16.317.252 108.170 169.359

4 2009 17.629.758 59.957 293.280

5 2010 17.844.676 32.187 1.552.508

6 2011* 17.392.246 - 2.585.981

No Year PrpduktionVolum (Ton)

Progress of export & Inport of Maize

Indonesia: 2006 - 2011

Sumber: BPS dan Ditjen Nak (diolah)

* angka sampai Sept 2011

Target of production, area harvested

and productivity of maize (2010-2014)

Year

Production

(million

ton)

Area

harvested

(million ha)

Productivit

y

(t/ha)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

19.80

22.0

24.0

26.0

29.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.3

4.72

5.0

5.22

5.42

5.80

Breeding Methode

• Screening in the green

house and laboratory and

field

• Crossing and evaluation in

the fiield

• Recurrent selection

• Develpt of new high

yielding inbred lines.

• Iintroduces the inbred lines,

populations and hybrids

from CIMMYT

Breeding For DT

1. Determaining of Selection

pharameter by the Role of

Root to Drought Stress,

using 15 genotypes.

• The laboratory

experiment , we use

polyethylene glycol

(PEG) 6000 at

concentration of 15% as

stress agent. The seeds

were germinated using

roll paper upright

saturated with PEG

solution.

Breeding Methode

• At the green house we apply of polyethylene glycol

(PEG) 6000 at concentration of 10%, 10 days after

planting

• The field, we planting in the well water and drought

conditions. The drought stress was applied by stopping

irrigation at 35 days after planting (dap) until harvest

time

• The results showed that drought stress condition

decreased plant growth 31.7%, leaf width 29.9%, fertile

plant 84.2% and leaf chlorophyll 44.6%. While

increased leaf rolling, anthesis silking interval (ASI) 9.8

days, and proline accumulation in primary root

increased as 862,4%. The yield of susceptible

genotypes decreased about 68.0 – 88.9% and the

moderately tolerant genotypes decreased about 54.1 -

60.3%. The main direct effect of drought stress to

maize yield was dry root weight

2. Development of new populaton with reciprocal recurrent

selection methode:

• Sesion 1. Selfing MSJ1 popuation (MK 9, Kalingga,

Wiyasa, Harapan, Rama, MS 3, Pop. 27, and Pop.

28) and MSJ2 Population (Genteng Kuning, Pop. 24,

Suwan 3 and Pop 28).

• Sesion 2. Development of top-crosses: crossing S1

lines with the opposite population as a tester (J1 vs.

J2)

• Sesion 3. Evaluation of top-crosses in replicated

trials

• Sesion 4. Recombination of the selected lines: to

produce a new cycle (ni + 1) populations

• Repead sesion 1-4 to developt C2, C3 .....C7.

• MSJ2(RRS)C1 Var Palakka DT

• MSJ2(RRS)C2 Var Lamuru DT

3. Development of new DT

inbred lines:

• Selected 7 inbreed lines:

S5 from MSJ1(RRS)C7

good SCA with Mr14 and

MAL03.

• Selected 19 inbred lines:

S5 generation from

MSJ2(RSS)C7 good SCA

with Mr14 and MAL03.

• Selected 5 inbred lines

generation S7 from Arjuna

Pop are good SCA with

Ki3 Developt for Early

Maturity Hybrid and DT.

AMROUT-GCP-NARS (ICERI) BREEDING ACTIVITIES

Goals: DT and Early Maturity

Sea-

son

ActivitIes

1 Make F1 pedigree crosses: Mr14 x CML444, Mr14 x

VL062701, G180 x CML505, Mr14 x CML505, G180 x

VL062718, G180 x VL062701 and CZL085

2 Ev F1, 2 loc, 3 rep, RS and DS Mr14 x CML444

and G180 x VL062701

3 Make S1 lines: Mr14 x CML444 and G180 x

VL062701

4 Top Cross S1 (M) x P21 (F) & Developt S2 Lines

5 Ev S2 Top Crosses: WW and DS

6 Developrt S3 lines (Selected) In the progrees

AMROUT-GCP-NARS (ICERI) BREEDING ACTIVITIES

Sea-

son

ActivitIes

7 Make TC1 and S4 lines RS

2012

8 Evaluate TC1 (WW and DS)

and make S5 lines DS

2012

9 MakeTC2 and S6 lines RS

2013

10 Evaluate TC2 (WW and DS)

and make S7 lines DS

2012

11 Make new pedigree crosses

BIMA 7

BIMA 2

Joint Research Project: GCP-

AMROUD-AAA & NARS in Indonesia

Goal: Developt of DT and DMR Inbreed lines and

hybrids

Progress:

• Crosses 11 CIMMYT IL

(White color and ICERI

IL (Yellow Color)

• Starting DM Evaluation

than will be continue to

selfing S 1 Follow

AAA Methode/Schedule

• Starting SCA Evaluation

Selected S1 SCA and

DMR

No Fem Male

Name (WC) ICERI (YC) 1 CML 488 MR 4 2 CZL O4OO6 MR 11 3 CML 442 MR 12 4 CML 440 MR 13 5 CML 444 MR 14 6 CZL 00003 B11-209 7 CZL 052 Mal o1 8 CZL 00009 Mal 02 9 CZL 0723 Mal 03

10 CZL 0719 Mal 04 11 CZL 0721 12 CZL 0717 13 CML 505

Breeding For AcT

• ICERI have 2 OPV good tolerance for Ac:

• Antasena Introduced from CIMMYT

(Susceptible DM)

• Sukmaraga AMATL (HS) C2

Improvment population AMATL introduced

from CIMMYT (Moderat Resistance to DM)

SUKMARAGA

• In 2011, ICeRI Introduced 17 hybrids and

some lines AcT from CIMMYT Colombia

(Many tahanks Dr. Luis Narro).

• Result of Evalution at Normar Condition in

Maros showed 3 hybris very good

performance, i.e. No 9, 15, and 17.

• In the Acid Soils Env., we can’t harvest

because infected of DM > 85%.

No 9

No 17 No 17 No 15

Our Breeding Prongram: Developt New

Population and Hybrid Tolerant to

Ac.S and DMR

• screen maize genotypes under Al stress in

culture solution..

• The main plots were Al concentration (0, 2.5, 5

10, 20, and 40 ppm Al), and the sub plots were

22 maize genotypes.

• The results indicated that the genotype AMATL-

(HS).C2, SATP-(S2)-C6S0, MRSS-1(S1).C1-

29-1, and MRSS-1(S1).C1-57-1 were more

tolerant to Al-toxicity than the other genotypes

including Antasena.

• The Concentration of 5 - 10 ppm Al in

nutrient solution was adequate to separate

genotypes between tolerant and sensitive

genotypes in screening of maize genotype

under Al stress.

• Relative net root length and relative root

length were the best variable to be used as

Al-tolerance indicators.

• Continue developt inbred lines and

improving of pop toleran to Ac Soil and

DMR

THANK YOU