role of technology enhancing transport korea’s case - gyeng chul kim - koti korea transport...

Role of Technology Enhancing Transport Korea’s Case!

Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!

! Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof.!!   President, Korea Transport Institute!

Role  of  Technology  Enhancing  Transport    Korea’s  Cases:  ICT  based  transport  reform.    

World  Bank,  Transforming  Transportation  Jan.  2014

   Korea's  Challenges:  

     ICT-­‐based  Transport  Transforming  

Gyeng Chul KIM Ph.D., P.E., Prof. President, Korea Transport Institute

k1004@koti.re.kr, gckim1004@gmail.com

Shanty Towns

After the Korean War (1953-1970)

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

(1,000 Persons)

1942, 1M

1959, 2M

1963, 3M

1970, 5M

1976, 7M

1988, 10M

1992, 10.92M

Bus    and  Tram  Sta@ons  :    Insufficient  capacity  

Gyengbu Expressway opened in 1970

l  Number of vehicles in Korea ! 127,000 in 1970

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§   Registered  vehicles:  50  @mes                  1970:  60  thousand    !      2010  :  2.98  million  

[Registered Vehicles in Seoul]

0    

500,000    

1,000,000    

1,500,000    

2,000,000    

2,500,000    

3,000,000    

3,500,000    

1970   1975   1980   1985   1990   1995   2000   2005   2010  

Year   No.  of  Registered  Vehicles  

!  Seoul’s  challenges?      -­‐  Vehicles  :  Up  by  50x  

   -­‐  Road  :  4  %/y  only  

From 7am to 11pm Entire area of Seoul

Air Pollution Cancer Occurrence

Energy Consumption Increase Discomfort

Deaths  per  year:  13,000  (1992)    →  5,200  (2012)  

1)  Severe  car  congestion:  Public  transport  improvement  -­‐  BMS,  BIS,  Bus  rerouting,  

Bus  Median  Lane,  etc.

2)  Poor  Connectivity:  Integration  for  modes  and  fare  system,  Bus  rerouting

3)  High  Fatalities:  Black  box,  surveillance  camera

l  Physical  (between  modes  (Station  +  Stop))  l  Network  (Railway,  Bus,  and  others)  l  Fare  (Equity,  Providing  incentives  )  l  Information  (Seamless  transfer)  l  Institutional  (Custom-­‐based)  

PUSH  &  PULL  Strategy -­‐  Transit  System:  Integration  for  Multi-­‐Modal  

Integration  for  modes  and  fare  system

KOTI-WPI

Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life

26Jan12 GCKIM

Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

 Public  transport  improvement  -­‐  BMS  

KOTI-WPI

Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life

26Jan12 GCKIM

Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

Public  transport  improvement    -­‐  Bus  Interval  Management    

KOTI-WPI

Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life

26Jan12 GCKIM

Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

 Public  transport  improvement    -­‐  T-­‐  Money  Card  Data  

KOTI-WPI

Take Transit, Enjoy More Time for Life

26Jan12 GCKIM

Korea Transport Institute(KOTI)

Scientific Administration Public  transport  improvement    -­‐  Scienti]ic  Administration  

Connectivity:  Bus  Rerouting

Increase Decrease -­‐ Network  Capacity  (new  Bus  Route  &  BRT)  -­‐   Bus  ridership  -­‐   Bus  Frequency  (Keep  Interval)  -­‐   Bus  Company  Revenue  

-­‐   Total  Bus  Operation  Cost  -­‐   Subsidy  of    SMG

Priority Median Bus Lane

│AVer  the  Priority    Bus  Lane │Before

–  Introduced  in  2004  by  the  Seoul  Metropolitan  Government  

– Provides  faster  and  reliable  travel

Connectivity:  BRT

Connectivity:    Fare  integration    

§  Distance based fare            Subway  single  trips:              fare  by  distance-­‐traveled                (base  of  800  KRW  up  to  12km,                addi@onal  100  won  per  6km)    Bus  single  trips:  single  fare  of  800  KRW       §  Free of charge for transfers            For  transferring  trips:            accumulated  distance-­‐based  fare                →  basic  fare  up  to  10km;                              addi@onal  fare  per  5km  

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Before

Transport Right : Equity

After

Close to Station - High Price of Asset: Richer - Lower Fare for Transport

Away from Station - Low Price of Asset: more poor - Double Fare for Transport

Result of (Fare) Integration by ICT

New Fare System - Distance-based - Unified among modes

Equity

BMS

Credit card

22

Mobile Phone

Payment  for  Public  transport  

Information Displayed at Bus Stops Smart Phone Application

Public  transport  improvement    -­‐  Real-­‐Time  Based  BIS  

ICT-based Safety Policies in Korea High  Fatalities:  Speed  Cameras  &  Intersection  Cameras  

Total  4,901  cameras  installed  nationwide  (2010)  Total  9.97  million  tickets  issued  in  2010                -­‐  Speeding:  82%              -­‐  Traf]ic  light  violation:  17%                -­‐  Others:  Bus  lane,  Shoulder  lane    

!  All Korean company taxis have installed car black boxes between 2008~2012 (total 91,532 taxis)

!  Accidents: decreased by 17.2%, fatalities by 22.0%

!  Local gov. subsidize 50% of the taxi black box cost

!  Insurance companies reduce prices by 3~5%

High  Fatalities:  Car  black  box    (Drive  recorder)  

High  Fatalities:  Car  black  box    (Drive  recorder)  

Outcome  of    ICT  based  Reform    

Outcome  1)  Saving  fuel  consumption  

2003 2004 2005

Diesel Usage(1,000ℓ) 148,059 126,485 118,783

CNG Usage(1,000㎥) 33,955 41,731 44,671

Total Fuel Cost (KRW M) 64,816 58,685 56,033

Difference of Cost(%) - 9.5 4.5

2003 2004 2005 Ratio (’03 -> ’05)

CO(Ton) 748.3 623.8 488.0 34.8%

NOx(Ton) 2,074.6 1,799.7 1,694.1 18.3%

HC(Ton) 356.6 358.6 332.4 6.8%

PM(Ton) 45.1 36.2 27.3 39.5%

Outcome  2)  Air  Pollution  Reduction  

Outcome  3)  Public  Transport  Ridership  

※ Subway ridership excludes free-pass holders. Source : Seoul Year Book

 5,174    

 5,911      6,112      6,162    

 6,286      6,239      6,218      6,213      6,267      6,282      6,437    

 4,293      4,192      4,180      4,006      3,992    

 4,544      4,655      4,583      4,615      4,605      4,595    

 3,000    

 3,500    

 4,000    

 4,500    

 5,000    

 5,500    

 6,000    

 6,500    

 7,000    

2000   2001   2002   2003   2004   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2010  

Num

ber  o

f  Passengers  

(tho

usan

d  pe

ople/day)

Year  

Subway   Bus  

14% ↑

□ PT mode share : 65%,Trend of Ridership

Outcome  4)  Lessened  Bus  Accidents   The number of accidents in July, 2004 decreased 26.9% than the July of 2003

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

(Number of Accidents)

142 accidents per month has been

decreased

658

516

2004 2003

Outcome  4)  Lessened  Children  Fatalities  

1537

1566

1180

998 890 809

932

753

592

572

588 489

468 394 296

284

276 202

161

154

126 80

83

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fatalities under 14 years of age

Remarkable children fatality decrease from 1,566/year to 83/year (95% decrease in 10years)

Socio-economic Consequences of Collisions In 2013, KOTI researchers* surveyed 188 disabled traffic crash victims

!   Job Loss: 70.7%

!   Income Reduction: 71.8%

!   Housing Change**: 49.5%

!   Divorce: 21.8%

!   Diminishing of social life: 53.2% * This research was conducted by Dr. Jae-Hoon Seol and Dr. Namji Jung **Owner-occupied housing / lease → monthly rental / welfare house

World Bank’s goal: Ending poverty To end poverty, traffic safety should be considered with a top priority.

Source:  Global  Status  Report  on  Road  Safety  2009  (WHO)

 Lessons  from  Korea:    How  do  we  make  the  ICT-­‐based  transport

 transforming  to  work?

Building  capacity ICT  vocational  training  (1980s)    ICT  industry  promotion  Establishing  knowledge  hubs  (i.e.  KOTI,  1986)  -­‐  R&D  investment  (World’s  second  ratio)   Political  Leadership Promoting  ICT  industries  (1990s)   Seoul  Bus  Reform  (2004) Zeroing  Traf]ic  Fatalities

Lessons  from  Korea:      

1)  Lessons  from  Korea:  Capacity  Building    

<The  Korea  Transport  Institute  (KOTI)>

l  Role:  National  Think  Tank      l  Funding:  100%  government-­‐established  institute  l  Staff:  300  personal  (93  Ph.D.,  200  MA  &  MSc)  l  Contribution:                                                  Economic  Growth    and  Transport    Strategies                                                Infrastructure  Master  Plans                                                Transport  and  Logistics  Technology  Development        

1

KOTI’s    Relationship  with  the  Korean  Government  

The Korea Transport Institute

Commissioned Research

Prime Minister’s Offi

ce

KOTI Local

Government MOLIT

Policy Support Commissioned

Research

Policy Support

NRCS

1)  Lessons  from  Korea:  Capacity  Building    

l  Highway l  Railway l  Aviation

l  Logistics l  Public Transport l  ITS

1)  Lessons  from  Korea:  Capacity  Building    

2)  Lessons  from  Korea:Political  Leadership    Innovation  Leaders  in  KOREA  

M.B.  Lee  

Ken  Livingstone,  London  

Junghee  Park  

Transforming  Transport

Solution for : GHG, Air Pollution, Car-Crash, Congestion

Transforming  Transport

Before   AVer  (Sep.  2005)  Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon (6km) Decrease  of  car-­‐traffic  volume:  125,000  veh/day  

□ Restoration of Cheong-gye-cheon Demonstration Against CRP, November, 2003

It took leadership, broad communication program to resolve conflicts

It was not easy! Political support and communications were critical

Transforming  Transport

We  should  not  deprive  our  children  of  their  future  

People  oriented  policy,  not  car  

Transforming  Transport Thermal image July 27, 2005

28o   36o  

37o   36o  

Average  32.7oC  Cheonggye  Cheon  

Average  36.3oC  Nearby  street  

-­‐3.6oC  

I am very SORRY!

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1955,  After  Korean  war  Extreme  Poverty    

2012,    Seoul  

Thanks  to  IBRD/WB  -­‐  To  developing  countries  –  Can-­‐DO  spirit    -­‐  We  are  ready  to  share  our  experience  

http//:english.koti.re.kr/lutp2014/    

Aug.  20  –  Sep.  27,  2014  (Workshop        Sep.  21-­‐27)

Break the pattern, Think differently

NOT for Vehicles, BUT for People

k1004@koti.re.kr gckim1004@gmail.com  (Take  Transit,  Enjoy  more  2me  of  your  Life)

Mike  Gyeng  Chul  Kim,  Ph.D.,  P.E.,  Prof.,  President  

The  Korea  Transport  Institute

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It is TIME to change to sustainable Transport

What time is it for …..?