proposal (part 1) abc
Post on 02-Jun-2018
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 1/31
NADIA NUR AFIQAH BINTI ISMAILFSTPi, UTHM
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 2/31
What is a proposal?
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 3/31
Proposal…
• An offer to do something orrecommendation that something bedone.
• A general purpose – to PERSUADE readersto improve conditions, authorise work ona project, accept a service or product, orsupport a plan for solving a problem ordoing a job.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 4/31
Questions tobe
addressed byresearchproposals
How are yougoing to do
it?
Why you
want to doit?
What do youplan to
accomplish?What do youwant to do?
For whom isthe proposal
intended?
What is thesubject of
theproposal?
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 5/31
TYPES OF PROPOSAL
Internal orExternal
Solicited orUnsolicited
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 6/31
INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL
INTERNAL:• proposals written to someone within your
organization (a government unit/agency,
a business, a private office etc).
• Ex: when a training officer proposes to
the Human Resource Department of thecompany the need to do analysis for thestaff to decide the kind of trainingneeded.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 7/31
EXTERNAL:
•
Written by one separate, independentorganization or individual for anotherparty or organization.
• Ex; when an independent consultantproposes the latest computer processingsystem for another firm.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 8/31
SOLICITED OR UNSOLICITED
SOLICITED:
•
designed based on a request made by therecipient of the proposals.
•
Ex; when a firm requests for a proposalsthrough the mail or publish in the media.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 9/31
UNSOLICITED:
• those that are not requested by any recipient.
• they are to convince the recipient that there is aproblem or need to be address.
• Ex; when a party proposes a new computerizedsystem to replace an old manually operated onebeing used by a company.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 10/31
PREPARING A PROPOSAL
Identifying a topic
Narrowing a topic
Forming a thesis statement
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 11/31
IDENTIFYING A TOPIC
Generally, the main objective of implementing asurvey research is to solve a problem which hasbeen observed or identified.
In technical writing, the problem can be initiated bya query of what and how things occur.
Choose topic that reflects your interest andunderstanding.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 12/31
NARROWING A TOPIC
The English Language Proficiency among Malaysian
A poor standard of English language proficiency amongstudent
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 13/31
CONTINUE….
A poor standard of English language proficiency amongUTHM diploma students
Factors that contribute to the poor standard ofEnglish language proficiency among UTHM diploma
students
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 14/31
Example:
Weak title: Three Plays by A. Samad Said
Better title: A Comparison of FemaleCharacters in Three Plays by A. Samad Said
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 15/31
The titles below are considered as weak titles in research
study. Redo the titles so that they can become better titles fora research proposal.
Improving English Education in Primary Schools
Accidents Rate in Kuala LumpurParticipation in Sports among StudentsVandalism
The Use of Hand Phones
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 16/31
KEY ELEMENTS IN A PROPOSAL
IntroductionBackground of studyStatement of problem
ObjectivesSignificance of the studyLimitation of the studyMethodology
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 17/31
Components of a proposal
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 18/31
1.0 I NTRODUCTION
The most important part of your proposal.If your introduction gets your audience'sattention, they will stay with you throughout
your proposal.An effective introduction discusses themeaningfulness of the study with presentationof problem or issue.
The introduction presents a background andstatement of context for your investigation.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 19/31
TIPS
Begin with something interesting, e.g., a quote or story,
to capture the reader's interest.Introduce your question or curiosity. What is it that youwant to know or understand? How did you getinterested in the topic?Tell why there's a need for the study. Cite relevantliterature that calls for the need for the research in thisarea, or demonstrates the lack of attention to the topic.
In your own words, describe how you think this studywill be useful.Conclude the introduction with an overview of yourproposal.
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 20/31
EXAMPLE: INTRODUCTION
Parmjit, S (2004). e-Learning readinessamong staff of the Faculty of Education,Universiti Teknologi MARA
a brief description of what e-Learning is usage of e-Learning at large (from theliterature) a brief description of what this study willbe focusing on
-
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 21/31
1.1 B ACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Background of the study is the part of any researchwhere in the particular topic is placed.This may contain the general description , and mayinclude the broader description of the topic.Other include a brief preview of the topic to discuss.Explaining about the topic thoroughly from general tospecific.The history, as well as the latest developments in the
area, can also be part of the background of the study .
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 22/31
Title: Vandalism by Kejora University CollegeStudents.Background information:
Damaging the facilitiesToo much money is spent to repair the facilitiesDecrease the image of KUC in the eyes of the visitors andnew students
EXAMPLE
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 23/31
EXAMPLE OF BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 24/31
1.2 S TATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The most important aspect of a research proposal isthe clarity of the research problemIt should state what you will be studying , whetheryou will do it through experimental or non-
experimental investigation, and what the purposeof your findings will be .As a part of the Introduction, effective problemstatements answer the question “Why does this
research need to be conducted?”
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 25/31
TIPS
Give a short summary of the research problem
that you have identifiedA research proposal may not be consideredacceptable or credible if you fail to clearlyidentify the problemYour biggest difficulty might be narrowing thetopic since the topic is still relatively unfamiliar to you. Your Literature Review should be a
helpful source
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 26/31
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
Issue or problem: __________________________________
What do I want to know: ___________________________
Who: _____________________________________________
Where: ___________________________________________
Why: _____________________________________________Other relevant matters: ____________________________
Problem statement:
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 27/31
EXAMPLE
Issue or problem: Smoking Campaign in Kejora University
CollegeWhat do I want to know: The effectiveness of the non-smokingcampaign
Who: Staff and students
Where: Kejora University CollegeWhy: To evaluate the campaign
Other relevant matters:Declaration of non-smoking environment, fine, warning, campaign,
posters, talks, etcMany still smoke and many new smokers among studentsEnvironmental problem
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 28/31
EXAMPLE
Problem statement:The number of staff and students who smoke on campus
is increasing. Different measures and actions taken to reducethe number of smokers on campus have failed. For example, acampaign was carried out to declare the campus a smoke-free
area. The purpose of the research is to determine theeffectiveness of the non-smoking campaign on smokers inKUC. The respondents of the research will be the staff andstudents of KUC. Smoking is a difficult habit to kick. Mostsmokers see themselves as macho while many new smokers
among students smoke because of peer pressure. What arethe opinions of the staff and students about the campaigns?And what are the effects of smoking on the environment?
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 29/31
Issue or problem: Declining participation in sports amongstudents
What do I want to know: ___________________________
Who: _____________________________________________
Where: ___________________________________________Why: _____________________________________________
Other relevant matters: ____________________________
Problem statement:
___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
EXERCISES
8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proposal-part-1-abc 30/31
Identify THREE (3) problems encountered in ParitRaja/Batu Pahat/Air Hitam areas.In class, discuss in your group:
Title
Background of the studyStatement of problem
CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
top related