near field communication new

Near-Field Communication

SANU G VARGHESES7 D 50

Outline• Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)• NFC Applications• NFC working & operating Modes• Conclusion

IMAGINE…...

Outline••••

Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC ApplicationsNFC Working & Operating ModesConclusion

NFC allows for data exchange between two devices(e.g. a smart

phone and a payment device) through physical contact (or in very

close proximity)

The initiator device (the mobile) generates a radio frequency field that transmits the data within a range of about 4 centimeters.

The target device (the payment device) picks up the RF field and

recieves the data it contains.

What is NFC???

Efficiency is the Key to the Future

Near Field Communication••

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Developed by Sony and Philips in late 2002Evolved from Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)

Short Range Radio Communication Technology

Frequency: 13.56 MHz.

Max. Bandwidth: 424Kbits/sec

technology

Communication starts when two NFC-compatible devicesbrought together less than four centimeters

NFC Forum is the leading organization that organizes theefforts

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NFC - Data Rate

Comparison with Existing Technology

Advantages of NFC Technology••NFC technology can benefit from mobile phonesThe technology is compatible with existing RFIDexisting RFID tags and contactless smart cards

Short range communication (4 centimeters)

– Automatic coupling

– Inherent security

Ease of use (Very familiar to people, only touch)

Mobile phones can be used both as an information storagedevices or an NFC reader.

structures,

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Outline••

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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications

NFC Working & Operating Modes

Conclusion

Applications of NFC

• NFC applications can be split into the following three basic categories:

Touch and GoTouch and ConfirmTouch and Connect

Applications Of NFC• Touch and Go

-Smart poster or Transport/event ticketing

-The user needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader.

Touch and go Mode of application

Information Gathering

NFC Voting

Applications Of NFC• Touch and Confirm

-Applications such as mobile payment

-Confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the transaction.

NFC Ticketing

NFC Payment

Applications Of NFC• Touch and Connect

-Peer to peer transfer of data

-Ex: Downloading music, exchanging images or synchronizing address books.

Data transfer via NFC

Outline••

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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications

NFC Working & Operating Modes

Conclusion

WORKING OF NFC.

MICROANTENNA.

CONNECTS TO THEURL VIA A SERVER .NFC ENABLED

CELL.URL

NFC ENABLED TAG.

Working Principle• NFC works on the principle of RFID (Radio

Frequency Identification).• Types of Coupling in RFID:

BackScatter Coupling Capacitive Coupling Inductive Coupling.

Operation Of NFC• Near field communication is based on inductive-

coupling.• NFC works using magnetic induction between

two antennas located within each other's 'near field’.

Active vs. Passive Device

• Devices containing power sources are calledas active– Mobile phone– NFC reader

• Devices without any available power sources are called as passive– RFID tag

NFC Model• In an NFC model two devices are involved in the

communicationInitiator:

– Initiator starts the communication

– Can be either a mobile phone or an NFC readerwhich are active devices

Target:

– Responses the initiator’s requests

– Can be either a RFID tag or a mobile phone

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• Single RF band is used; communication is half-duplex

NFC Operating Modes• NFC has three operating modes as defined by

NFC forum:

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Reader/Writer modeCard Emulation ModePeer-to-Peer mode

Reader Mode

NFC-enabled mobile phone creates magnetic field and powers the NFC tag within 4cm

Target Initiator

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Tag broadcasts the answer

which is then read by

mobile phone

Writer Mode

NFC tag saves the data to its

internal memory

NFC-enabled mobile phone

sends a query which also

creates magnetic field and

powers the NFC tag in 4 cm.

InitiatorTarget

Reader/Writer Mode• NFC phones can read and write data from/to NFC

tags andsmart cards

Initiator: NFC-enabled mobile phone

Target: Passive tag

Passive tag does not need any source of power.

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• Active NFC device creates magnetic inductive coupling and transfers energy to smart card. After the smart card is powered, communication starts.Applications•

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Information gatheringNFC Voting

Reader/Writer Mode• Our review on previous work on reader/writer mode highlightedthese benefits

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It increases mobility (information gathering)Decreases physical effort (home shopping)

Ability to be adapted by many scenarios

Easy to implement

• Future Scenarios– It is found that many real-life scenarios can be adapted to

NFC in this mode.

READER WRITER MODE

Card Emulation Mode

NFC-reader generates 13.56 MHz magnetic field

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Target Initiator

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When mobile phone is touched to NFC-reader, data(resides in mobile phone) is transferred to reader

Card Emulation Mode••

Most commercial application uses this mode

NFC phone acts as an RFID card anddata from it.

Initiator: NFC reader (immobile)

Target: NFC-enabled mobile phone

Sample applications

NFC readers can read

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PaymentTicketing

Card Emulation Mode• Our review on card emulation mode highlights these benefits

– Physical Object Elimination (Credit cards, debit cards,paper-based tickets, physical keys

– Access Control (Authentication through mobile id)

• Future Scenarios

– Integration of id-cards, passports, finger-prints, driver- license into mobile phones

– Storage area for critical information to provide user’s privacy and authorizing people to access those information (e.g. health information)

CARD EMULATION MODE

NFC ENABLED CELLPHONE ACTS AS CREDIT CARD FOR ANY KIND OF PAYMENT

Peer-to-Peer Mode

Initiator sends or requests datadevice in 4 cm

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from target

Target Initiator

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Target responds requests of initiator

Peer to Peer Mode••

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Two NFC phones can exchange data at link-level.

Initiator: NFC-enabled mobile phone

Target: NFC-enabled mobile phone

Applications• Money transfer

• Our review on previous work on this mode showed that there isnot so much work done. Following benefits are highlighted

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Easy data exchange between devicesDevice pairing

• Future Scenarios– Secure exchange of critical data

– Gossiping

PEER TO PEER MODE

MULTIPLAYER GAMING

Limitations Of NFC

• The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a short range i.e <10 cm.

• The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.

SECURITY ASPECTS

• Eavesdropping: The RF signal for the wireless data transfer can be picked up with antennas.

• Data modification: It is easy to destroy data by using a jammer. There is no way currently to prevent such an attack.

• Lost property: Losing the NFC RFID card or the mobile phone will give open access.

Outline••

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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications

NFC Operating Modes

Conclusion

Conclusion of NFC••

NFC is an integration of RFID technology with mobile phones.

Connectivity distance is 4-5 centimeters and it brings inherent security

NFC has three operating modes; Reader/Writer, Card Emulation and Peer-to-Peer. All of the modes have different usage areas and provides different benefits.

Integration of NFC technology with mobile phones which consists of mobility, relatively high processing power, Internet access ability etc. has a great potential to bring new opportunities to our lives.

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• José Bravo, Ramón Hervás , Gabriel Chavira From Implicit to Touching Interaction: RFID and NFC Approaches ,Sixth International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (ICMB 2008)0-7695-2803-1/07 $25.00 © 2012 IEEE

• Anokwa, Y., et al. A User Interaction Model for NFC Enabled Applications . in IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops 2011.• Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Bridge System for Mobile Commerce C.Y. Leong, K. C. Ong , K. K. Tan*, O.P. GAN 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics• WIKIPEDIA• www.nfcforum.com• www.ecma-international.org

REFERENCE