near field communication new
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Near-Field Communication
SANU G VARGHESES7 D 50
Outline• Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)• NFC Applications• NFC working & operating Modes• Conclusion
IMAGINE…...
Outline••••
Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC ApplicationsNFC Working & Operating ModesConclusion
NFC allows for data exchange between two devices(e.g. a smart
phone and a payment device) through physical contact (or in very
close proximity)
The initiator device (the mobile) generates a radio frequency field that transmits the data within a range of about 4 centimeters.
The target device (the payment device) picks up the RF field and
recieves the data it contains.
What is NFC???
Efficiency is the Key to the Future
Near Field Communication••
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Developed by Sony and Philips in late 2002Evolved from Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)
Short Range Radio Communication Technology
Frequency: 13.56 MHz.
Max. Bandwidth: 424Kbits/sec
technology
Communication starts when two NFC-compatible devicesbrought together less than four centimeters
NFC Forum is the leading organization that organizes theefforts
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NFC - Data Rate
Comparison with Existing Technology
Advantages of NFC Technology••NFC technology can benefit from mobile phonesThe technology is compatible with existing RFIDexisting RFID tags and contactless smart cards
Short range communication (4 centimeters)
– Automatic coupling
– Inherent security
Ease of use (Very familiar to people, only touch)
Mobile phones can be used both as an information storagedevices or an NFC reader.
structures,
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Outline••
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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications
NFC Working & Operating Modes
Conclusion
Applications of NFC
• NFC applications can be split into the following three basic categories:
Touch and GoTouch and ConfirmTouch and Connect
Applications Of NFC• Touch and Go
-Smart poster or Transport/event ticketing
-The user needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader.
Touch and go Mode of application
Information Gathering
NFC Voting
Applications Of NFC• Touch and Confirm
-Applications such as mobile payment
-Confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the transaction.
NFC Ticketing
NFC Payment
Applications Of NFC• Touch and Connect
-Peer to peer transfer of data
-Ex: Downloading music, exchanging images or synchronizing address books.
Data transfer via NFC
Outline••
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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications
NFC Working & Operating Modes
Conclusion
WORKING OF NFC.
MICROANTENNA.
CONNECTS TO THEURL VIA A SERVER .NFC ENABLED
CELL.URL
NFC ENABLED TAG.
Working Principle• NFC works on the principle of RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification).• Types of Coupling in RFID:
BackScatter Coupling Capacitive Coupling Inductive Coupling.
Operation Of NFC• Near field communication is based on inductive-
coupling.• NFC works using magnetic induction between
two antennas located within each other's 'near field’.
Active vs. Passive Device
• Devices containing power sources are calledas active– Mobile phone– NFC reader
• Devices without any available power sources are called as passive– RFID tag
NFC Model• In an NFC model two devices are involved in the
communicationInitiator:
– Initiator starts the communication
– Can be either a mobile phone or an NFC readerwhich are active devices
Target:
– Responses the initiator’s requests
– Can be either a RFID tag or a mobile phone
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• Single RF band is used; communication is half-duplex
NFC Operating Modes• NFC has three operating modes as defined by
NFC forum:
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Reader/Writer modeCard Emulation ModePeer-to-Peer mode
Reader Mode
NFC-enabled mobile phone creates magnetic field and powers the NFC tag within 4cm
Target Initiator
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Tag broadcasts the answer
which is then read by
mobile phone
Writer Mode
NFC tag saves the data to its
internal memory
NFC-enabled mobile phone
sends a query which also
creates magnetic field and
powers the NFC tag in 4 cm.
InitiatorTarget
Reader/Writer Mode• NFC phones can read and write data from/to NFC
tags andsmart cards
Initiator: NFC-enabled mobile phone
Target: Passive tag
Passive tag does not need any source of power.
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• Active NFC device creates magnetic inductive coupling and transfers energy to smart card. After the smart card is powered, communication starts.Applications•
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Information gatheringNFC Voting
Reader/Writer Mode• Our review on previous work on reader/writer mode highlightedthese benefits
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It increases mobility (information gathering)Decreases physical effort (home shopping)
Ability to be adapted by many scenarios
Easy to implement
• Future Scenarios– It is found that many real-life scenarios can be adapted to
NFC in this mode.
READER WRITER MODE
Card Emulation Mode
NFC-reader generates 13.56 MHz magnetic field
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Target Initiator
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When mobile phone is touched to NFC-reader, data(resides in mobile phone) is transferred to reader
Card Emulation Mode••
Most commercial application uses this mode
NFC phone acts as an RFID card anddata from it.
Initiator: NFC reader (immobile)
Target: NFC-enabled mobile phone
Sample applications
NFC readers can read
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PaymentTicketing
Card Emulation Mode• Our review on card emulation mode highlights these benefits
– Physical Object Elimination (Credit cards, debit cards,paper-based tickets, physical keys
– Access Control (Authentication through mobile id)
• Future Scenarios
– Integration of id-cards, passports, finger-prints, driver- license into mobile phones
– Storage area for critical information to provide user’s privacy and authorizing people to access those information (e.g. health information)
CARD EMULATION MODE
NFC ENABLED CELLPHONE ACTS AS CREDIT CARD FOR ANY KIND OF PAYMENT
Peer-to-Peer Mode
Initiator sends or requests datadevice in 4 cm
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from target
Target Initiator
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Target responds requests of initiator
Peer to Peer Mode••
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Two NFC phones can exchange data at link-level.
Initiator: NFC-enabled mobile phone
Target: NFC-enabled mobile phone
Applications• Money transfer
• Our review on previous work on this mode showed that there isnot so much work done. Following benefits are highlighted
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Easy data exchange between devicesDevice pairing
• Future Scenarios– Secure exchange of critical data
– Gossiping
PEER TO PEER MODE
MULTIPLAYER GAMING
Limitations Of NFC
• The system has the limitation that it can be operated only with devices under a short range i.e <10 cm.
• The data transfer rate is very less at about 106kbps, 212 kbps and 424kbps.
SECURITY ASPECTS
• Eavesdropping: The RF signal for the wireless data transfer can be picked up with antennas.
• Data modification: It is easy to destroy data by using a jammer. There is no way currently to prevent such an attack.
• Lost property: Losing the NFC RFID card or the mobile phone will give open access.
Outline••
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Introduction to Near Field Communication (NFC)NFC Applications
NFC Operating Modes
Conclusion
Conclusion of NFC••
NFC is an integration of RFID technology with mobile phones.
Connectivity distance is 4-5 centimeters and it brings inherent security
NFC has three operating modes; Reader/Writer, Card Emulation and Peer-to-Peer. All of the modes have different usage areas and provides different benefits.
Integration of NFC technology with mobile phones which consists of mobility, relatively high processing power, Internet access ability etc. has a great potential to bring new opportunities to our lives.
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• José Bravo, Ramón Hervás , Gabriel Chavira From Implicit to Touching Interaction: RFID and NFC Approaches ,Sixth International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (ICMB 2008)0-7695-2803-1/07 $25.00 © 2012 IEEE
• Anokwa, Y., et al. A User Interaction Model for NFC Enabled Applications . in IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops 2011.• Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Bridge System for Mobile Commerce C.Y. Leong, K. C. Ong , K. K. Tan*, O.P. GAN 2011 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics• WIKIPEDIA• www.nfcforum.com• www.ecma-international.org
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