introduction of fired heaters

Fired HeatersPetroskill course

Hector Nguema Ondo

Fired HeatersCombustion fundamentals

𝐶𝐻 4+2𝑂2→𝐶𝑂2+2𝐻 2𝑂+𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡

BTU’s

Amount of work needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit

1𝐵𝑇𝑈=1055 𝐽

Fired HeatersFurnace Design

Fired HeatersDraft Systems

Fired HeatersTypical Natural Draft Profile

Fired HeatersAir preheaters

Fired HeatersTypes of burners

Fired HeatersBurner examples

Hot Oil Heater #4 Regen Gas Heater

Fired HeatersBurner and Flame Patterns

Fired Heaters

• Inspection– Clean up, check for damages– Ensure all burners and pilot valves are closed

• Purge– Remove any flammable vapors present in the heater

• Light-off Pilots– Remove the blind in the pilot header

• Light-off burners– Remove blind in the main fuel header– If burners does not light within a few seconds, you should turn the fuel off

• Normal Operations– Increase Temperature and process stream flow– Check balance through the passes and check outlet temperatures

Start-up

Fired HeatersAir Adjustment

Fired HeatersTroubleshooting

&

• Cause overheating and coke formation• Use of a pyrometer

• Build-up of deposits inside tubes• Monitor tube skin temperatures

• Remove Ash outside the tubes• Do not required shutdown

Fired HeatersEquipment Failure

• Feed Pump failure Try to start again or use the back-up pump

• Fan failure Steam Ring or air doors

• Control Valve failure No flow control Shutdown

• Burner failure Burner tips plug

• Instrument failure Readings comparison

• Flame out Burner flames go out and fuel is still entering the burner.

Shutdown and purge the heater

Fired HeatersOperation Variables

• Gradient temperature from convection tubes to atmosphere

Fired HeatersFuel and Flow Variables control

Fired HeatersControl strategy

FF