introduction of fired heaters
TRANSCRIPT
Fired HeatersPetroskill course
Hector Nguema Ondo
Fired HeatersCombustion fundamentals
𝐶𝐻 4+2𝑂2→𝐶𝑂2+2𝐻 2𝑂+𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡
BTU’s
Amount of work needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit
1𝐵𝑇𝑈=1055 𝐽
Fired HeatersFurnace Design
Fired HeatersDraft Systems
Fired HeatersTypical Natural Draft Profile
Fired HeatersAir preheaters
Fired HeatersTypes of burners
Fired HeatersBurner examples
Hot Oil Heater #4 Regen Gas Heater
Fired HeatersBurner and Flame Patterns
Fired Heaters
• Inspection– Clean up, check for damages– Ensure all burners and pilot valves are closed
• Purge– Remove any flammable vapors present in the heater
• Light-off Pilots– Remove the blind in the pilot header
• Light-off burners– Remove blind in the main fuel header– If burners does not light within a few seconds, you should turn the fuel off
• Normal Operations– Increase Temperature and process stream flow– Check balance through the passes and check outlet temperatures
Start-up
Fired HeatersAir Adjustment
Fired HeatersTroubleshooting
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• Cause overheating and coke formation• Use of a pyrometer
• Build-up of deposits inside tubes• Monitor tube skin temperatures
• Remove Ash outside the tubes• Do not required shutdown
Fired HeatersEquipment Failure
• Feed Pump failure Try to start again or use the back-up pump
• Fan failure Steam Ring or air doors
• Control Valve failure No flow control Shutdown
• Burner failure Burner tips plug
• Instrument failure Readings comparison
• Flame out Burner flames go out and fuel is still entering the burner.
Shutdown and purge the heater
Fired HeatersOperation Variables
• Gradient temperature from convection tubes to atmosphere
Fired HeatersFuel and Flow Variables control
Fired HeatersControl strategy
FF