history of marine science

History of Marine Science

10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D.

Homework

• Read Chapter 2• Pages 2- 10• Answer study questions 1-5 p 2-4• Be prepared to answer the two questions

on page 2-2 in class• What are the 3 reasons to learn the history

of Oceanography?• What are the four main stages in the

history of oceanography?

_________ people used bone to make harpoons.

__________ people made fishing hooks and nets more than 10,000 years ago.

________- refuse (garbage dump) of shells and bones found in piles near beachfronts. Give clues to what was eaten by these prehistoric peoples.

Simple rafts such as these trees lashed together were mans first attempts at navigation. Man’s first relationship with the sea was based on the finding of _____.

Paleolithic people made bone ___________ to fish from shore.

Net

s

Fis

hing

Hooks

Har

poons

Kniv

es

0% 0%0%0%

1. Nets

2. Fishing Hooks

3. Harpoons

4. Knives

Over 10,000 years ago _________ people made fishing nets and

hooks to fish.

Neo

lithic

Pal

eolit

hic

Mode

rn No

0% 0%0%0%

1. Neolithic

2. Paleolithic

3. Modern

4. No

A Midden is a garbage dump.

Tru

e

Fal

se

0%0%

1. True

2. False

Fastest Responders (in seconds)

1.84 Dominick Guastella

3.53 Charles Badman

3.93 Kristy Benevento

4.52 Katherine Petryczka

4.71 Douglas Miller

The first sea voyage?

• The earliest recorded sea voyage took place around ___________under the leadership of the Egyptian Pharaoh Snefru

• Historians and Scientists believe that seafaring was commonplace for some time before that in ancient Egypt

Other firsts…..

• First voyage of exploration documented around _________ B.C.

• Egyptians entombed an entire ship (reed boat) in the _____________________

• This gives us the earliest glimpse of a ancient ship building

Boat of ________

The Phoenicians

• The Phoenician Empire centered in what is now modern day Libya is today

• The established the first _______ ______ _________ as far as the British Isles.

Early Phoenician Coin depicting Phoenician war ship

Notice the Sea Monster!

The Oldest Shipwreck

• Marine Archeologist _________found this ship which dates back to around _______ (King Tut was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of its sailing)

The ship itself has disappeared but the cargo remained largely intact

Phoenician Ships

______years ago Polynesianand Micronesiannavigators were makingsome of mankind’sgreatest voyages ofdiscovery. Within 2500years they had settledalmost every island in thePacific – an area of about_______ _____________

Simple yet extremely effective!!

• Imagine Traveling thousands of miles on the open ocean in one of these

A ________________________is a sophisticatednavigation aid based on knowledge the directions of approaching swells aswell as wave refraction.Polynesians also used the stars to explore Micronesia in their double-hulled canoes.

Marshallese sailorsnavigating with a“stick chart.”

Kon Tiki

• In 1947 _______ _____________ built a replica of a _________________to see if such a craft was capable of sailing

thousands of miles in the open ocean. Sailing from Peru to

• Movie and Book were produced from this adventure

• The trip lasted _____ days and the 5 men traveled over ______ ________

The Kon Tiki Raft at the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo Norway

Earliest recorded sea voyage was by the

Poly

nesia

ns

Egyp

tians

Phoen

icia

ns

Euro

peans

0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%

1. Polynesians

2. Egyptians

3. Phoenicians

4. Europeans

The earliest surviving ship was entombed in the

Pyr

amid

of S

nefru

Pyr

amid

of K

hufu

Pyr

amid

of T

ut

None

of the

abo

ve

0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%

1. Pyramid of Snefru

2. Pyramid of Khufu

3. Pyramid of Tut

4. None of the above

The Marine Archeologist who found the oldest shipwreck

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 1. Robert Ballard

2. George Bass

3. James Cook

4. John Harrison

The Polynesians sailed the ________ Ocean in double hulled

canoes

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 1. Atlantic

2. Indian

3. Pacific

4. Polynesian

The Kon Tiki voyage lasted

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 1. 2 weeks

2. 1 year

3. 196 days

4. 101 days

Fastest Responders (in seconds)

Greek Exploration and Discovery

• Greek contributions are mainly in the areas of Navigation and Cartography (map making)

• _________ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon.

Born: 380 ADDied: 310 AD.

• Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth. He also invented the first Latitude Longitude system (irregular)

• __________ improved on his system and we still use this regular grid system today!

• Over 2000 years later!!!!

EratosthenesHipparchus

Maps• ____________ – the “Father of History”

Publishes _____________ in 450 BC

No copies survive

This is what they

Believe it looked

like

______ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases

of the Moon

Era

tost

henes

Hip

parch

us

Pyt

heas

Pla

to

0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%

1. Eratosthenes

2. Hipparchus

3. Pytheas

4. Plato

__________ published the first map of 450 BC

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0% 1. Herodotus

2. Aristophanes

3. Hipparchus

4. Eratosthenes

The grid system invented and perfected by the Greeks is know

today as

Gra

phing

Lat

itude

and

Longitu

de G

PS

Map

ping

0.0% 0.0%0.0%0.0%

1. Graphing

2. Latitude and Longitude

3. GPS

4. Mapping

Fastest Responders (in seconds)

0 Participant 1

0 Participant 2

0 Participant 3

0 Participant 4

0 Participant 5