greek intro notetaking-2012
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GreeksA Study of a Classic Civilization
Hey… What’s the Big Idea?• How does geography play a role in the development of Greek
culture?
• Why is government important?
• What factors led to the decline of the Greek civilization?
• How does war affect society?
• What is the legacy of Greek Culture?
• What can America learn from Greece?
Note Taking Strategies…
• Cornell Style..
• 2 columns– Record – take notes, main ideas and facts– Reduce – summaries the notes you’ve taken– Recite – read only your summary and practice– Reflect – read all and find
connections/relationships– Review – to retain… 20 minutes/week
More strategies..
• Short hand – abbreviate and use symbols
Examples:
- civilization = cvzn- Greek = gk - BCE and CE = b.
• Don’t worry about spelling or mistakes… keep writing…
Greek Civilization
• Grew from Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.
• Both thrived in the Aegean area for 1,400 years (2500 BCE to 1100 BCE)
• Minoans – lived on Crete (an island)
• Mycenaean – lived on the mainland
Today’s Essential Question
• How does geography play a role in the development of Greek culture?
• http://prezi.com/idsr8vitowic/greek-geography/?auth_key=6d4d4bbd6a1108f3fefde5dfed2d4ee7fe6e3e79
Greek Influence– Olympic games– Architecture– Democracy
Architecture
–http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/greek_arch.html
Marathon
• 490 B.C. - Athenian troops defeated a large Persian invasion force on the plain of Marathon, (about 25 miles from Athens)
• Athenians sent a military courier named Phidippides to bring news of the victory at Marathon.
• "Rejoice, we conquer”
• Then he died.
Olympic Games
• Every 4 years at Olympia
• Greek Men
• 776 BCE until 393 CE
• Abolished by Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I. (EC… Why?)
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/
Olympics
Main Sports• Boxing • Discus (part of Pentathlon) • Equestrian Events • Javelin (part of Pentathlon) • Jumping • Pankration • Pentathlon • Running • Wrestling
Greek’s Geography
• Mountains make up ¾ of mainland
• Fertile plains lie between mts. and sea good for farming
• many harbors suitable for trading
Greek Geography
• Mountains – protection and isolation (much like Indus Valley)– Made attack difficult– Limited travel / communication– Never united under one government
• The Sea– Way of life– Fishermen, traders, pirates
Other Greek Professions• Actor• Athlete • Banker • Blacksmith • Craftsmen • Doctor • Farmer
• Fisherman • Marble Quarrying • Market Trader • Merchant• Mining • Teacher
Minoans• From the Island of
Crete• Sea traders
• Easy to trade to Mesopotamia and Egypt, China
•Fleets carried goods, and protected Crete from attack
Mycenaeans
• Originally from Southeast Asia– Rapid population growth, migrated west.
– Intermarried with locals (Hellenes/original Greeks)
– Relied heavily on Conquest (in lieu of trade)
– Warrior aristocracy
– Great Engineers
• Bridges and fortification walls
Mycenaean Culture
KingdomsCentered on a hilltop (a fortress)Stone walls Nobles lived outside the walls
Mycenaean Culture
• Palaces were administrative buildings and places of production– artisans insides
• Tax collections– Wheat, livestock, honey
• Great record keeping– Wealth of everyone in the city– Had banks which would exchange
foreign currency
Mixing of Culture / Dark Ages
• Mycenaeans adopted Minoan culture– Metalworking, shipbuilding,
navigation– Worship Minoan’s Earth
Mother
• 1400s BCE - Mycenaeans conquered Minoans– Fighting destroyed hilltop
fortresses– Start of the “Dark Ages”
Greek “Dark Ages”
• Archaeology shows a collapse of civilization in the eastern Mediterranean
• The great palaces and cities of the Myceneans were destroyed or abandoned.
Greek “Dark Ages”
• The Greek language largely ceased to be written.
• Dark age pottery has simple geometric designs and lacks the figurative decoration of Mycenean ware. (compare to the pottery on page 140)
Greek “Dark Ages”
• Greeks lived in fewer and smaller settlements, suggesting famine and depopulation
• foreign goods have not been found at archaeological sites, suggesting minimal international trade.
• Contact was also lost between foreign powers during this period, yielding little cultural progress or growth of any sort.
– Egypt, Mesopotamia impacted… – Suggesting it may have had “global” impact
• http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/history/darkages.htm
Poets and Heroes
• Bards – singing poets who passed down stories from generation to generation
• Homer – blind poet, “composed” two of the most famous Greek Epic Poems…– The Iliad and The Odyssey
– Homer never wrote it down…
Discovering Greece
• Heinrich Schliemann
• 1870
• Homer’s Epics… fact or fiction?
• 12th or 13th Century BCE– Trojan War as told by Homer…
The Works of Homer
The Iliad• A prince, Paris falls in
love with and steals Helen, the wife of a Mycenaean King.
• To avenge the kidnapping the Mycenaeans attempt to take Troy.
• For 10 years they are unsuccessful until…
• The Trojan Horse
The Odyssey• The wanderings of
Odysseus, a Mycenaean King after the fall of Troy.
Greek Values
• Schools used Iliad and Odyssey to teach values– Greek pride– Love of nature– Loyalty– Strive for excellence– Importance of
marriage
Persian Wars
• A series of conflicts between several Greek city-states and the Persian Empire
• Fought from 500 BC to 448 BC
• Allied Greeks successfully defeated the invasions.
The Golden Age of Greece
• After Persian Wars Athens emerged as a powerful, confident city-state, ready for expansion
• Athens was burned in Persian Wars
• Led by Pericles, determined to rebuild the city
The Greek Mind
• Socrates– Socratic Method, ask questions instead of
giving answers…
• Plato – Developed Political Science
• Aristotle– Encouraged modest living
Pericles
• Rebuilt temples and palaces better than ever
• The Parthenon
Athenian Life under Pericles
• Aspasia – woman known for intelligence– Prosecuted for ‘impiety’ – Acquitted by Pericles
• Delian League– Pericles alligned with other city-states (except
Sparta)– Greece grew richer– Common currency– Greece policed all of Aegean area– Freed Ionia from Persian rule
• Essentially an Athenian Empire
Peloponnesian War
• Anti-Athenian Alliance (led by Sparta)
• Greece vs. Sparta
• Sparta had no navy– Struck a deal with Persians– Ionia for gold to build a fleet
• The Plague– Kills Pericles
• Should Athens continue?
The End of Greece
• Athenian allies switch sides..• Athens surrenders in 404 BC
– 27 years of battle• Greek city-states destroyed
– Lost ability to govern themselves
– Sparta tried to rule, overthrown by several city-states (Thebes)
– Thebans overthrown by other city-states…
– Greece was at its weakest…– Allowed for a Great
Macedonian Leader to take over…
Alexander the Great
• http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/interactive/map23.html
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