greek intro with notetaking strategies
TRANSCRIPT
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GreeksA Study of Classic A Civilizations
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Hey… What’s the Big Idea?• How does geography play a role in the development of Greek
culture?
• Why is government important?
• What factors led to the decline of the Greek civilization?
• How does war affect society?
• What is the legacy of Greek Culture?
• What can America learn from Greece?
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Note Taking Strategies…
• Cornell Style..
• 2 columns– Record – take notes, main ideas and facts– Reduce – summaries the notes you’ve taken– Recite – read only your summary and practice– Reflect – read all and find
connections/relationships– Review – to retain… 20 minutes/week
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More strategies..
• Short hand – abbreviate and use symbols
Examples:
- civilization = cvzn- Greek = gk - BCE and CE = b.
• Don’t worry about spelling or mistakes… keep writing…
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Greek Influence– Theater– Olympic games– Architecture– Democracy
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Architecture
–http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/greek_arch.html
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Marathon
• 490 B.C. - Athenian troops defeated a large Persian invasion force on the plain of Marathon, (about 25 miles from Athens)
• Athenians sent a military courier named Phidippides to bring news of the victory at Marathon.
• "Rejoice, we conquer”
• Then he died.
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Olympic Games
• Held every four years at Olympia
• All free Greek men were entitled to compete.
• The first Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE and the last in 393 CE
• Abolished by the Christian Byzantine Emperor Theodosius I. (EC… Why?)
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/
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Olympics
Main Sports• Boxing • Discus (part of Pentathlon) • Equestrian Events • Javelin (part of Pentathlon) • Jumping • Pankration • Pentathlon • Running • Wrestling
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Greek’s Geography
• Mountains make up ¾ of mainland
• Fertile plains lie between mts. and sea good for farming
• many harbors suitable for trading
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Greek Geography
• Mountains – protection and isolation (much like Indus Valley)– Made attack difficult– Limited travel / communication– Never united under one government
• The Sea– Way of life– Fishermen, traders, pirates
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Other Greek Professions• Actor• Athlete • Banker • Blacksmith • Craftsmen • Doctor • Farmer
• Fisherman • Marble Quarrying • Market Trader • Merchant• Mining • Teacher
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Greek Civilization
• Grew from Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.
• Both thrived in the Aegean area for 1,400 years (2500 BCE to 1100 BCE)
• Minoans – lived on Crete (an island)
• Mycenaean – lived on the mainland
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Minoans• From the Island of
Crete• Sea traders
• Easy to trade to Mesopotamia and Egypt, China
•Fleets carried goods, and protected Crete from attack
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Mycenaeans
• Originally from Southeast Asia– Rapid population growth,
migrated west.– Intermarried with locals
(Hellenes)
• Kingdoms– Centered on a hilltop (a fortress)– Stone walls – Nobles lived outside the walls
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Mycenaean Culture
• Palaces were administrative buildings and places of production– artisans insides
• Tax collections– Wheat, livestock, honey
• Great record keeping– Wealth of everyone in the city– Had banks which would exchange
foreign currency
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Mixing of Culture / Dark Ages
• Mycenaeans adopted Minoan culture– Metalworking, shipbuilding,
navigation– Worship Minoan’s Earth
Mother
• 1400s BCE - Mycenaeans conquered Minoans– Fighting destroyed hilltop
fortresses– Start of the “Dark Ages”
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Greek “Dark Ages”
• Archaeology shows a collapse of civilization in the eastern Mediterranean
• The great palaces and cities of the Myceneans were destroyed or abandoned.
• Cities from Troy to Gaza were destroyed.
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Greek “Dark Ages”• The Greek language largely ceased to be
written.
• Dark age pottery has simple geometric designs and lacks the figurative decoration of Mycenean ware. (compare to the pottery on page 140)
• Greeks lived in fewer and smaller settlements, suggesting famine and depopulation
• foreign goods have not been found at archaeological sites, suggesting minimal international trade.
• Contact was also lost between foreign powers during this period, yielding little cultural progress or growth of any sort.
• http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/history/darkages.htm
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Poets and Heroes
• Bards – singing poets who passed down stories from generation to generation
• Homer – blind poet, composed two of the most famous Greek Epic Poems…– The Iliad and The Odyssey
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The Works of Homer
The Iliad• A prince, Paris falls in
love with and steals Helen, the wife of a Mycenaean King.
• To avenge the kidnapping the Mycenaeans attempt to take Troy.
• For 10 years they are unsuccessful until…
• The Trojan Horse
The Odyssey• The wanderings of
Odysseus, a Mycenaean King after the fall of Troy.
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Greek Values
• Schools used Iliad and Odyssey to teach values– Greek pride– Love of nature– Loyalty– Strive for excellence– Importance of
marriage
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Persian Wars
• A series of conflicts between several Greek city-states and the Persian Empire
• Fought from 500 BC to 448 BC
• Allied Greeks successfully defeated the invasions.
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The Golden Age of Greece
• After Persian Wars Athens emerged as a powerful, confident city-state, ready for expansion
• Athens was burned in Persian Wars
• Led by Pericles, determined to rebuild the city
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The Greek Mind
• Socrates– Socratic Method, ask questions instead of
giving answers…
• Plato – Developed Political Science
• Aristotle– Encouraged modest living
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Pericles
• Rebuilt temples and palaces better than ever
• The Parthenon
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Athenian Life under Pericles
• Aspasia – woman known for intelligence– Prosecuted for ‘impiety’ – Acquitted by Pericles
• Delian League– Pericles alligned with other city-states (except
Sparta)– Greece grew richer– Common currency– Greece policed all of Aegean area– Freed Ionia from Persian rule
• Essentially an Athenian Empire
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Peloponnesian War
• Anti-Athenian Alliance (led by Sparta)
• Greece vs. Sparta
• Sparta had no navy– Struck a deal with Persians– Ionia for gold to build a fleet
• The Plague– Kills Pericles
• Should Athens continue?
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The End of Greece
• Athenian allies switch sides..• Athens surrenders in 404 BC
– 27 years of battle• Greek city-states destroyed
– Lost ability to govern themselves
– Sparta tried to rule, overthrown by several city-states (Thebes)
– Thebans overthrown by other city-states…
– Greece was at its weakest…– Allowed for a Great
Macedonian Leader to take over…
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Alexander the Great
• http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~atlas/europe/interactive/map23.html