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Great Plains Manifest Destiny
Laissez-Faire Free Enterprise System
Deficit Monopoly
Tenement Political Machine
Civil Service Sweatshop
Immigrant White Man’s Burden
Isolationism Imperialism
Dollar Diplomacy Foreign Policy
Yellow Journalism Muckraker
Initiative Referendum
Recall Conservation
Draft Fourteen Points
League of Nations Ratify
Inflation Overproduction
Under consumption Recession
Speculation Buying on Margin
Deflation Neutrality
Appeasement Fascism
Genocide Rationing
TotalitarianismHouse Un-American Activities Committee
United Nations Iron Curtain
Containment 38th Parallel
Communism Red Scare
Blacklist Brinkmanship
Peace Corp Domino Theory
Hawk Dove
Vietcong Counterculture
NASA Medicare
Segregation Integration
Civil Disobedience Reverse Discrimination
Affirmative Action Realpolitik
Religious Right Reagonomics
Sunbelt Supply Side Economics
1869
First Transcontinental Railroad
1892
Ellis Island
American Federation of Labor Great Plains
Wounded Knee Niagara Movement
Panama Canal USS Maine
Great Migration Scopes Monkey Trial
Harlem Renaissance Prohibition
Dust Bowl New Deal Programs
Black Cabinet Pearl Harbor
Island-Hopping D-Day
Operation Overlord Holocaust
Manhattan Project Little Boy and Fat Boy
Election of 1848 Cold War
Berlin Airlift U-2 Incident
Bay of Pigs McCarthyism
Dien Bien Phu1961
Berlin Wall
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
1963
March on Washington
Great Society Tet Offensive
Pentagon Papers Vietnamization
Kent State National Organization for Women
1979
Iran Hostage Situation
1991
Desert Storm
Rutherford B. Hayes
(1877-81)
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction
James A. Garfield
(1881)
Assassinated
Chester A. Arthur
(1881-1885)
Established Time Zones
Civil Service Act
Grover Cleveland
(1885-1889)
Dawes Act
Benjamin Harrison
(1889-93)
Sherman Antitrust Act
Grover Cleveland
(1893-1897)
Plessy v. Ferguson
William McKinley
(1897-1901)
Spanish American War
Assassinated
Theodore Roosevelt
(1901-1909)
Panama Canal
Gunboat/”Big Stick” Diplomacy
William H. Taft
(1909-1913)
Dollar Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson
(1913-1921)
Moral Diplomacy
World War I
Fourteen Points
Warren G. Harding
(1921-1923)
Washington Conference
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
Calvin Coolidge
(1923-1929)
High Tariffs
Laissez-faire
Herbert Hoover
(1929-1933)
Stock Market Crash
Blamed for Great Depression
Franklin D. Roosevelt
(1933-1945)
New Deal, Fireside Chats
WWII, Packed Supreme Court
Ended Great Depression
Harry S. Truman
(1945-1953)
End of World War II
Dropping of First Atomic Bomb
Dwight D. Eisenhower
(1953-1960)
Korean War, Space Age
Interstate Highway Act
Bus Boycott, Central High
John F. Kennedy
(1960-1963)
New Frontier, Bay of Pigs
Berlin Wall, Cuban Missile Crisis
Assassinated
Lyndon B. Johnson
(1963-1969)
Escalated Vietnam War
Great Society, Civil Rights Acts
Voting Rights Acts
Richard Nixon
(1969-1974)
Ended Vietnam War, SALT I
Opened Communist China
Watergate Scandal, Resigned
Gerald Ford
(1974-1977)
Pardoned Nixon, Stagflation
Bicentennial Celebration
Jimmy Carter
(1977-1981)
Camp David Accords
Iran Hostage Crisis
Ronald Reagan
(1981-1989)
Iran Contra Affair, Conservatism
Deregulation, Supply-Side
George Bush
(1989-1992)
Gulf War (Desert Storm)
William Clinton
(1992-2000)
Balanced Budget
Crisis Management
Impeached
George W. Bush
(2001- )
September 11, 2001
Terrorism
1872
Credit Mobilier
1924
Teapot Dome Scandal
1972-74
Watergate
1986
Iran-Contra Affair
1862
Homestead Act
Explosion of settlement
1887
Interstate Commerce Act
Reasonable and Just Rates for Railroad
1883
Civil Service Reform Act
Established Examinations for Service
1887
Dawes Act
Broke up Native American Reservations
1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
Attempted to breakup monopolies
1906
Pure Food and Drug Act
1st steps toward banning badly prepared foods and drugs
1914
Clayton Antitrust Act
Spelled out in clear terms what corporations could and could not do; Strengthened previous law
1916
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
Prevented goods produced by children from crossing state lines
1917
Selective Service Act
Required men between 21 and 30 to sign up for military service
1916
National Parks Service Act
Created parks and park management
WWI
Sedition Act
Prohibited speech disloyal to the government, flag, Constitution, or
armed forces
WWI
Espionage Act
Punished anyone found guilty of helping the enemy
1921
Johnson-Reed Act
Tightened immigration especially from NW Europe
1934
Indian Re-organization Act
Halted Reservations; Returned government to tribes
1933
Glass-Steagall Banking Act
Created Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1935
Social Security Act
Protected old age pensions, unemployed, disabled workers
1935
National Labor Relations Act
Wagner Act – reaffirmed the right of labor to organize
1941
Lend-lease Act
Allowed President to lend, sell or lease war materials
1944
GI Bill of Rights
Bought books, paid tuition, and provided living expenses for
veterans
1947
Taft Hartley Act
Outlawed closed shops, allow union shops, weakened power
of labor unions
1964
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Illegal for employers to deny a job on the basis of race, sex or
religion
1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed literacy tests and other discriminatory election devices
1968
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Prohibited discrimination in housing
1970
Environmental Protection Agency
Enforced laws on water & air pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides and radiation
1972
Equal Rights Amendment
Aimed to strengthen women as wage earners and property owners (failed by 3 votes)
1973
War Powers Act
Requires President to inform Congress within 2 days of any
use of American troops
1978
National Energy Act
Relaxation of controls of price of natural gas; benefited people
saving energy
1985
Gramm Rudman Holliings Act
Provided for automatic reductions in the deficit over a
several year period
1877
Reconstruction Ends
Compromise of 1877
1890
Indian Wars End
Battle of Wounded Knee
1898
Spanish American War
USS Maine
Declared war on Spain
1914-1918
World War I
Allied Powers v. Central Powers
Allied Power Won
1919
Versailles Treaty
Ended WWI, broke up large empires; charged Germany war
reparations
1900-1918
Progressive Era
Strived to reform society, politics, and the economy; concentrated in urban
industrial areas
1919-1920
Red Scare
Fear that the rise of the Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union threatened the U. S.;
immigrants deported
1919-1933
Prohibition
Outlawed alcoholic beverages at the national level, crime increased
1929-1939
The Great Depression
Stock Market Crash of 1929
Over-production, buying on margin and high tariffs
1939-1945
World War II
Allied Powers v. Axis Powers
Deadliest war in history
1941
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Surprise attack by Japanese; caused U.S. to enter WWII
1951-1953
Korean War
Police Action
Communist N. Korea vs. S. Korea; Macarthur led forces
1957
Sputnik
First space satellite, Soviet;
Started the space race
1964
Civil Right Act
First significant legislation guarding civil rights since
Reconstruction ended
1969
Man on the Moon
American astronauts landed on the moon
1973
End of War in Vietnam
Longest military engagement and first defeat of United States
1947-1989
Cold War
War of diplomacy between US and USSR; ended with breakup
of Soviet Union
1989-1990
Collapse of Communism in Europe
Berlin Wall comes down and Communist satellite nations pull away
from USSR
September 11, 2001
Terrorist Acts against the United States by Al Qaeda; led by
Osama Bin Ladin
2000 civilians die
13th Amendment
Abolished Slavery
14th Amendment
Civil Rights Guaranteed
Due Process
15th Amendment
Voting Rights shall not be denied on the basis of race,
color, or previous condition of servitude
16th Amendment
Established Income Tax
17th Amendment
Direct Election of Senators
18th Amendment
Prohibition of Alcohol
Volstead Act
19th Amendment
Gave Women the Right to Vote
20th Amendment
Terms of office and Presidential Succession
21st Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
22nd Amendment
Limits Presidential Terms
23rd Amendment
Voting in District of Columbia
24th Amendment
Poll Tax Illegal
25th Amendment
Filling Vacancies in the Presidency
26th Amendment
Voting Age Lowered to 18
27th Amendment
Congressional Pay
1896
Plessy v. Ferguson
Segregation allowed if equal facilities provided
1954
Brown v. Board of Education
Declared racial segregation in public education was
unconstitutional
1908
Miller v. Oregon
Limited the employment of women in hazardous industries
1962
Baker V. Carr
Upheld principle of “one person, one vote”
1964
Reynolds v. Sims
All state and local legislative bodies had to be apportioned as
“one man, one vote”
1963
Gideon v. Wainwright
Required states courts to provide a lawyer in criminal cases to anyone who
cannot afford one
1964
Escobedo v. Illinois
An accused person has a right to have a lawyer present when being questioned by police
1966
Miranda v. Arizona
Police must inform suspects of their legal rights at the time of
arrest
1978
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Reverse discrimination would be decided on case-by-case basis
“The advance of the frontier has meant…a steady growth of independence on American
lives.”
Frederick Jackson Turner
“The growth of a large business is merely a survival of the fittest.”
John D. Rockefeller
“You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.”
William Randolph Hearst
“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
Theodore Roosevelt
“I am going to make dirt fly.”
Theodore Roosevelt about the Panama Canal
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of
thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.”
William Jennings Bryan
“Expose all fraud and sham, fight all public evils and abuses.”
Joseph Pulitzer
“The world must be made safe for democracy.”
Woodrow Wilson
“The business of America is business.”
Calvin Coolidge
“A chicken in every pot and two cars in every garage.” Herbert
Hoover (election of 1928)
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
Franklin Roosevelt
(inauguration 1933)
“I pledge to you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American
people.”
Franklin Roosevelt
(campaign speech, 1932)
“Never was so much owed by so many to so few.”
Winston Churchill
(Battle of Britain)
“Yesterday, December 7, 1941 – is a date which will live in
infamy.”
Franklin Roosevelt (Pearl Harbor)
The U.S. should support “free peoples who are resisting
attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.”
Harry S. Truman
“The buck stops here.”
Harry S. Truman
“You have a row of dominoes set up, you know over the first one, and…the last one…will go
over very quickly.”
Dwight D. Eisenhower
“Are you now, or have you ever been a member of the
Communist Party?”
HUAC, Joseph McCarthy
“Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last?”
Attorney Joseph to Joseph McCarthy
“We will bury you.”
Nikita Khrushchev
“Ich ben ein berliner.”
John F. Kennedy
“From Stalingrad in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across
the continent.”
Winston Churchill
“In war there is no substitute for victory.”
Douglas Macarthur
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Neil Armstrong
Stepping on the Moon
“We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every
nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with
us, or you are with the terrorists.” George W. Bush
“One of the greatest glories of democracy is the right to protest
for right.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
“I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.”
George Wallace (1963)
“I have a dream today”….that people will “not be judge by the
color of their skin buy by the content of their character.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
“What we’re going to start saying now is black power.”
Stokely Carmichael (1966)
“I am convinced that the truest act of courage…is to sacrifice ourselves for other in a totally nonviolent struggle for justice.”
Cesar Chavez
“The Great Society demands an end to poverty and racial
injustice.”
Lyndon B. Johnson
“The was “light at the end of the tunnel.”
General Westmoreland
“Peace with honor.”
Richard M. Nixon
“Peace is at hand.”
Henry Kissinger (1972)
“What is good for our country is good for General Motors and
vice versa.”
Charles E. Wilson
“I am not a crook.”
Richard M. Nixon
“I’m a Ford, not a Lincoln.”
Gerald R. Ford
“I thought it was a neat idea.”
Oliver North
(Iran Contra Affair)
“Are you better off now than you were four years ago?”
Ronald Reagan
1898
Treaty of Paris
Ended Spanish American War
Gave U.S. an empire
1902
Platt Amendment
U.S. right to intervene in Cuban Affairs and leave Guantanamo
1904
Roosevelt Corollary
Extension of the Monroe Doctrine
Right to protect Western Hemisphere
1903
Panama Canal Treaty
U.S. agreed to pay Panama for 10 miles strip of land for canal
1978
Panama Canal Treaty
Gradual turnover of Panama Canal to Panama; canal must stay neutral and
open to all nations
1947
Truman Doctrine
U.S. will defend free people from being taken over by communists
1947
Marshall Plan
Aid program to help European nations recover from World War II and stop
Communist expansion
1948
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Mutual defense treaty between nations of western and northern Europe, Canada, Iceland, and the U.S. to
defend Europe from USSR
1955
Warsaw Pact
Mutual defense alliance between USSR and communist nations of
Eastern Europe
1963
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
U.S. and USSR
Barred nuclear testing in the atmosphere
1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Authorize LBJ to increase American military involvement in
Vietnam
1969
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
U.S. and USSR agreed to limit production of nuclear weapons
1978
Camp David Accords
Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel negotiated with help of
President Carter
1993
North American Free Trade Agreement
Lowered tariffs and brought Mexico into the free trade zone with U.S. and
Canada
Andrew Carnegie
Revolutionized and monopolized steel industry in late 19th century
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company
Industrialist who monopolized the oil industry in the U.S.
Thomas Nast
Famous political cartoonist responsible for arrest of Boss
Tweed of Tammany Hall in late 1800’s
Samuel Gompers
First President of the American Federation of Labor
Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
Founded Bull Moose Party
Susan B. Anthony
Founded of the National Women’s Suffrage Association
Worked for voting rights for women
Eugene V. Debs
Labor Leader
Socialist Party presidential candidate five times
Robert LaFollette
Led the Progressive Party
Favored breakup of monopolies, farm relief
Henry Ford
Made mass production of cars possible through the use of the
assembly line
W.E.B. DuBois
American American civil rights leader, writer and scholar; one of
the founders of NAACP
Alfred T. Mahan
Influenced build up of U.S. Navy
Upton Sinclair
Muckraker
Author of The Jungle; influenced passage of Pure Food and Drug
Act
John Pershing
Led the Tenth Negro Cavalry in the Spanish American war and American Expeditionary Forces
in World War I
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to throne in Austria-Hungary
Assassination triggered
World War I
Henry Cabot Lodge
Wanted trade expansion during imperialism period
Opposed League of Nations
Clarence Darrow
Famous criminal lawyer who defended John Scopes for the
teaching of evolution
Williams Jennings Bryan
Politician who supported the ordinary person; opposed
teaching of evolution in Scopes trial
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two Italian immigrants tried and convicted for murder because
they were immigrants and anarchists (less on evidence)
Charles Lindbergh
Pilot who made the first non-stop solo flight between NYC and
Paris
John Steinbeck
American Author of
The Grapes of Wrath
Story about The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl
Benito Mussolini
Founded fascism
Dictator of Italy and leader of Axis powers in World War Ii
Adolf Hitler
Nazi dictator of Germany who ordered the mass murder of
millions of Jews
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of Soviet Union who ruled by terror
U.S. ally in World War II
Winston Churchill
Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II
One of “Big Three”
Chester Nimitz
Texan, Admiral in World War II
Developed Island-hopping strategy that helped win war in
the Pacific
Dwight Eisenhower
Overall commander of Allied Forces in Europe during World War II; Directed D-Day Invasion
Douglas Macarthur
Led attack to regain the Philippines and led occupation
force in Japan; led U.S. forces in Korean War
George Patton
Controversial Tank General
Led forces in North Africa and assisted with Battle of the Bulge
George Marshall
Created plan to rebuild Europe after World War II
Omar Bradley
Commanded U.S. forces in World War II in the D-Day
invasion; First Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Jonas Salk
Developed vaccines for influenza and polio in 1950’s
Fidel Castro
Leader of Communist Cuba
Opposed JFK in Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis
Georgia O’Keefe
American Expressionist
Paintings of flowers and Southwest desert
Joseph McCarthy
Senator from 1946-1957
Accused many of being Communist with no proof; ruined
careers and reputations
George Wallace
Segregationist Governor of Alabama
Third party candidate for President in 1968
Rosa Parks
African-American woman who refused to give up her seat on a bus; led to the
Montgomery bus boycott and beginning of Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Prominent civil rights leader
Preached nonviolent civil disobedience
“I have a dream.”
Malcolm X
African-American spokesman of Black Muslims
Wanted Black separatism
Assassinated
Stokley Carmichael
African-American who coined the term “Black Power”
Advocated violence to achieve rights
Cesar Chavez
Mexican-American Labor Leader
Founded the United Farm Workers
Used boycotts frequently
Neil Armstrong
First man to walk on the moon
Shirley Chisholm
First African-American woman elected to Congress and first to
run for President
Thurgood Marshall
First African-American Supreme Court Justice
H. Ross Perot
Texas
Third Party candidate for President
Opposed NAFTA
Sandra Day O’Conner
First Woman Supreme Court Justice in 1981
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