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Elements and Atoms
Elements and Atoms
What is
Matter?
Elements and Atoms
What is
Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Elements and Atoms
What is
Matter
Made of?
All matter is composed of elements
Elements and Atoms
What are Elements
?
The building blocks of matter
They are substances which cannot be broken down into other substances
Elements and Atoms
What are Elements
?
All matter is composed of one element or a combination of two or more elements
Elements and Atoms
Compounds
Elements can exist in combination with other elements asMixtures
Elements and Atoms
A Compound is a pure substance make of two or more elements that are combined chemically in a specific ratio
What is a compound?
Salt – 39.3% sodium and 60.7% chloride
Elements and Atoms
A Compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are combined chemically in a specific ratio
What is a compound?
Water – H2O
Elements and Atoms
Two or more substances – elements, compounds, or both – that are in the same place but are not chemically combined
What is a Mixture?
Sand, mixed nuts, air
Elements and Atoms
If elements are the simplest forms of matter what is the smallest piece of an element?
Atoms
Elements and Atoms
What is an atom?
The smallest particle of an element
Atoms can join together to form molecules
Elements and Atoms
What are atoms made of?
Atoms are composed of particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
Elements and Atoms
What are atoms made of?
Protons carry a positive electrical charge
Electrons carry a negative electrical charge
Neutrons carry no electrical charge at all
Elements and Atoms
What are atoms made of?
Protons and neutrons cluster together in the nucleus
The electrons orbit the nucleus
Elements and Atoms
What are atoms made of?
A particular atom will have the same number of protons and electrons
Elements and Atoms
Atomic Theory and Models
Atomic Theory is a Scientific Theory
What is a Scientific Theory?
A well tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations
Elements and Atoms
Atomic Theory and Models
Atomic theory grew as a series of models that developed as scientists learned more about the nature and characteristics of the atom.
Elements and Atoms
Dalton’s Model
Dalton thought that atoms were like smooth hard balls that could not be broken into smaller pieces
Elements and Atoms
Thompson’s Model
Thompson suggested that atoms had negatively charged electrons embedded in a positive sphere
Elements and Atoms
Rutherford’s Model
According to Rutherford’s model, an atom was mostly empty space. Electrons moved around a small, positively charged nucleus in the center of the atom
Elements and Atoms
Bohr Model
Neils Bohr suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom
Elements and Atoms
Cloud Model
According to the cloud model, electrons move rapidly in every direction around the nucleus
Elements and Atoms
Modern Atomic Model
The nucleus, which contains both protons and neutrons, is surrounded by a cloudlike region of electrons
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