SCIENCE 10F

Unit 2

Atoms amp Elements

Block A History of the Atomic Model

Block B Atoms and Elements

Block C The Periodic Classification of the Elements

Block D Element or Compound

HISTORICAL IDEAS ABOUT THE NATURE OF MATTER Ancient Greek Philosophers

The ancient Greek philosophers wondered why matter behaves as it does and manipulated ideas in their minds but did almost no _______________________

Empedocles

450 BCE

Proposed that matter was composed of four elements Earth Water Air _____________

Democritus

400 BCE

Suggested matter was made of tiny particles that could not be ___________ down any further

He called them ldquoatomosrdquo which means indivisible

Aristotle

350 BCE

After Democritus died Aristotle rejected the atomos model and returned to the 4 element model

This model influenced and dominated scientific thinking for almost _________________ years

Alchemists

500 ndash 1600 AD

First people to perform hands-on experiments

Part philosopher mystic _____________________ and chemist

Three main beliefs 1 Some elements can be changed into others

(They were trying to change base metals into _____________) This led them to discover new elements and learn more about existing ones

2 There was a substance that would give them _________________ life

3 There was a __________________ solvent that would dissolve all substances

Modern Chemists

1600 ndash present

Use the ______________________ ______________ and experimentation to determine properties of pure substances and explain their composition

Sir Francis Bacon (1600s)

One of the first scientists to develop new knowledge as a result of experimentation

Robert Boyle (1650)

Believed the Greek philosophersrsquo four-element theory could be improved

Helped lay the foundation for the concepts of elements and compounds

Recognized that elements can be combined to form ___________________________

Believed that air was not an element but a ___________________________ of elements

Joseph Priestley (late 1700s)

First person to scientifically isolate _______________ but did not know oxygen was an element

Antoine de Lavoisier (late 1700s)

Defined the term ldquoELEMENTrdquo as a pure substance that could not be broken down into simpler substances

Discovered amp identified _____________ elements

Investigations were based on careful measurement and observations

Recognized that mixtures exist and identified air as a mixture of oxygen and some other gas

HISTORICAL IDEAS ABOUT THE NATURE OF MATTER Ancient Greek Philosophers

The ancient Greek philosophers wondered why matter behaves as it does and manipulated ideas in their minds but did almost no _______________________

Empedocles

450 BCE

Proposed that matter was composed of four elements Earth Water Air _____________

Democritus

400 BCE

Suggested matter was made of tiny particles that could not be ___________ down any further

He called them ldquoatomosrdquo which means indivisible

Aristotle

350 BCE

After Democritus died Aristotle rejected the atomos model and returned to the 4 element model

This model influenced and dominated scientific thinking for almost _________________ years

Alchemists

500 ndash 1600 AD

First people to perform hands-on experiments

Part philosopher mystic _____________________ and chemist

Three main beliefs 1 Some elements can be changed into others

(They were trying to change base metals into _____________) This led them to discover new elements and learn more about existing ones

2 There was a substance that would give them _________________ life

3 There was a __________________ solvent that would dissolve all substances

Modern Chemists

1600 ndash present

Use the ______________________ ______________ and experimentation to determine properties of pure substances and explain their composition

Sir Francis Bacon (1600s)

One of the first scientists to develop new knowledge as a result of experimentation

Robert Boyle (1650)

Believed the Greek philosophersrsquo four-element theory could be improved

Helped lay the foundation for the concepts of elements and compounds

Recognized that elements can be combined to form ___________________________

Believed that air was not an element but a ___________________________ of elements

Joseph Priestley (late 1700s)

First person to scientifically isolate _______________ but did not know oxygen was an element

Antoine de Lavoisier (late 1700s)

Defined the term ldquoELEMENTrdquo as a pure substance that could not be broken down into simpler substances

Discovered amp identified _____________ elements

Investigations were based on careful measurement and observations

Recognized that mixtures exist and identified air as a mixture of oxygen and some other gas

This model influenced and dominated scientific thinking for almost _________________ years

Alchemists

500 ndash 1600 AD

First people to perform hands-on experiments

Part philosopher mystic _____________________ and chemist

Three main beliefs 1 Some elements can be changed into others

(They were trying to change base metals into _____________) This led them to discover new elements and learn more about existing ones

2 There was a substance that would give them _________________ life

3 There was a __________________ solvent that would dissolve all substances

Modern Chemists

1600 ndash present

Use the ______________________ ______________ and experimentation to determine properties of pure substances and explain their composition

Sir Francis Bacon (1600s)

One of the first scientists to develop new knowledge as a result of experimentation

Robert Boyle (1650)

Believed the Greek philosophersrsquo four-element theory could be improved

Helped lay the foundation for the concepts of elements and compounds

Recognized that elements can be combined to form ___________________________

Believed that air was not an element but a ___________________________ of elements

Joseph Priestley (late 1700s)

First person to scientifically isolate _______________ but did not know oxygen was an element

Antoine de Lavoisier (late 1700s)

Defined the term ldquoELEMENTrdquo as a pure substance that could not be broken down into simpler substances

Discovered amp identified _____________ elements

Investigations were based on careful measurement and observations

Recognized that mixtures exist and identified air as a mixture of oxygen and some other gas

Modern Chemists

1600 ndash present

Use the ______________________ ______________ and experimentation to determine properties of pure substances and explain their composition

Sir Francis Bacon (1600s)

One of the first scientists to develop new knowledge as a result of experimentation

Robert Boyle (1650)

Believed the Greek philosophersrsquo four-element theory could be improved

Helped lay the foundation for the concepts of elements and compounds

Recognized that elements can be combined to form ___________________________

Believed that air was not an element but a ___________________________ of elements

Joseph Priestley (late 1700s)

First person to scientifically isolate _______________ but did not know oxygen was an element

Antoine de Lavoisier (late 1700s)

Defined the term ldquoELEMENTrdquo as a pure substance that could not be broken down into simpler substances

Discovered amp identified _____________ elements

Investigations were based on careful measurement and observations

Recognized that mixtures exist and identified air as a mixture of oxygen and some other gas

Henry Cavendish (late 1700s)

Experimented with mixing metal with acid which produced a flammable gas called ___________________________

Discovered that hydrogen would burn in oxygen and create water

Until this time ________________ was thought to be an element

MODELS OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE

John Daltonrsquos Model of the Atom (early 1800s)

ldquo____________________ Ballrdquo model

All matter is made up of atoms which are too small to see

Each element has its own kind of atom

Atoms of different elements are different

Atoms of different elements can join to form compounds

Elements were classified according to their ______

Joseph Thomson (1904)

ldquoPlum __________________________rdquo model

An atom is a sphere of ______________________ charges with negative charges scattered through it

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

Most of an atom is ____________________ space

Discovered a tiny very dense nucleus that contains _____________________ and positive protons

Surrounding the nucleus is a region of fast moving negative __________________________

Niels Bohr (1913)

_____________________________ model

Expanded Rutherfordrsquos model to include electrons have different amounts of ___________________ which allows them to move in different orbits with different energy levels

________________ are at different distances from the nucleus (like planets and the sun)

Quantum Wave Model

______________________ Planck Schrodinger etc

The structure of matter is of a spherical standing _______________

Electrons are found 90 of the time in their orbitals

Smaller particles exist such as quarks and _________________________

BLOCK B ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

Atoms and Their Parts

Everything in existence is __________________

All matter is made up of ____________________ o Atoms are the smallest particle of any type of matter that still

retains characteristics of that element

Subatomic Particles

particles smaller than atoms no chemical properties of their own ___________________

positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

___________________ particles with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom

___________________ negatively charged particles moving around the nucleus of an atom

_____________ ndash the center of an atom where the neutrons and

protons are found (which also gives the atom its mass)

Opposite charges attract so the negative electrons are held in their orbit by the positive protons

o For Each Element On Your Periodic Tablehellip Protons = the atomic number Electrons = the number of protons Neutrons = atomic mass subtract the number of protons

The largest atom has a diameter of 00000005 mm

Imaginehellip o an atom is magnified to the size of the Skydome o the nucleus would be the size of a baseball inside that stadium o the protons would be marbles inside the baseball o the electrons would be mosquitoes buzzing around the baseball o therefore an atom is mostly empty space

amu stands for ______________________________________ o an amu is a very small unit used to measure the weight of

subatomic particles o 1 amu = 166 x10-27kg or 000000000000000000000000000166 o an electron is so light it is not used in the calculation of an

atomrsquos mass

o _______________________ = Protons + Neutrons

Subatomic

Particle Charge Mass Location

Number

determined

byhellip

Role in the atom

proton positive

(+)

neutron neutral

electron negative

(-)

Periodic Table Notation

ATOM MATCHING AND TRUEFALSE

MATCHING Complete each statement using a term from the list below Some answers may be used more than once outside neutrons same cancel out protons atoms negative electrons nucleus lighter no positive

1 All matter is made of tiny parts called _________________________________

2 The center part of an atom is called the _______________________________

3 A nucleus is made up of ___________________ and ____________________

4 Electrons are found ____________________________ the nucleus

5 Electrons are _____________________________ than protons and neutrons

6 The main parts of an atom are __________________ ____________________ and _________________________

7 Since protons have a _________________________ charge and neutrons have __________________ charge the nucleus will have a _____________________ charge

8 Electrons have a _____________________________ charge

9 An atom has the ___________________________ number of protons and electrons when its overall charge is neutral

10 The positive and negative charges of an atom _________________ each other

TRUE OR FALSE _______ 1 A proton is found outside the nucleus _______ 2 A proton has a negative charge _______ 3 A neutron has a positive charge _______ 4 An electron has a negative charge _______ 5 An electron is found inside the nucleus _______ 6 The mass of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons _______ 7 The atomic number of an atom is the number of neutrons

ATOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1 Write standard atomic notation for the following (make a box as you would see it in the periodic table)

a An atom of nitrogen with 7 protons and 8 neutrons

b An atom of bromine with 35 protons and 36 neutrons

c An atom of sulfur with 16 protons and 16 neutrons

2 Draw an atom with 6 protons 7 neutrons and 6 electrons

3 Which subatomic particles identify an atomelement

4 Which subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom

5 If the same charges repel each other how is it that protons can all be together in the nucleus

6 Electrons move around with lots of energy How is it that they do not fly away from their atom

7 Which subatomic particles will find it easiest to interact with other atoms

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Imaginehellip o an atom is magnified to the size of the Skydome o the nucleus would be the size of a baseball inside that stadium o the protons would be marbles inside the baseball o the electrons would be mosquitoes buzzing around the baseball o therefore an atom is mostly empty space

amu stands for ______________________________________ o an amu is a very small unit used to measure the weight of

subatomic particles o 1 amu = 166 x10-27kg or 000000000000000000000000000166 o an electron is so light it is not used in the calculation of an

atomrsquos mass

o _______________________ = Protons + Neutrons

Subatomic

Particle Charge Mass Location

Number

determined

byhellip

Role in the atom

proton positive

(+)

neutron neutral

electron negative

(-)

Periodic Table Notation

ATOM MATCHING AND TRUEFALSE

MATCHING Complete each statement using a term from the list below Some answers may be used more than once outside neutrons same cancel out protons atoms negative electrons nucleus lighter no positive

1 All matter is made of tiny parts called _________________________________

2 The center part of an atom is called the _______________________________

3 A nucleus is made up of ___________________ and ____________________

4 Electrons are found ____________________________ the nucleus

5 Electrons are _____________________________ than protons and neutrons

6 The main parts of an atom are __________________ ____________________ and _________________________

7 Since protons have a _________________________ charge and neutrons have __________________ charge the nucleus will have a _____________________ charge

8 Electrons have a _____________________________ charge

9 An atom has the ___________________________ number of protons and electrons when its overall charge is neutral

10 The positive and negative charges of an atom _________________ each other

TRUE OR FALSE _______ 1 A proton is found outside the nucleus _______ 2 A proton has a negative charge _______ 3 A neutron has a positive charge _______ 4 An electron has a negative charge _______ 5 An electron is found inside the nucleus _______ 6 The mass of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons _______ 7 The atomic number of an atom is the number of neutrons

ATOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1 Write standard atomic notation for the following (make a box as you would see it in the periodic table)

a An atom of nitrogen with 7 protons and 8 neutrons

b An atom of bromine with 35 protons and 36 neutrons

c An atom of sulfur with 16 protons and 16 neutrons

2 Draw an atom with 6 protons 7 neutrons and 6 electrons

3 Which subatomic particles identify an atomelement

4 Which subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom

5 If the same charges repel each other how is it that protons can all be together in the nucleus

6 Electrons move around with lots of energy How is it that they do not fly away from their atom

7 Which subatomic particles will find it easiest to interact with other atoms

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Periodic Table Notation

ATOM MATCHING AND TRUEFALSE

MATCHING Complete each statement using a term from the list below Some answers may be used more than once outside neutrons same cancel out protons atoms negative electrons nucleus lighter no positive

1 All matter is made of tiny parts called _________________________________

2 The center part of an atom is called the _______________________________

3 A nucleus is made up of ___________________ and ____________________

4 Electrons are found ____________________________ the nucleus

5 Electrons are _____________________________ than protons and neutrons

6 The main parts of an atom are __________________ ____________________ and _________________________

7 Since protons have a _________________________ charge and neutrons have __________________ charge the nucleus will have a _____________________ charge

8 Electrons have a _____________________________ charge

9 An atom has the ___________________________ number of protons and electrons when its overall charge is neutral

10 The positive and negative charges of an atom _________________ each other

TRUE OR FALSE _______ 1 A proton is found outside the nucleus _______ 2 A proton has a negative charge _______ 3 A neutron has a positive charge _______ 4 An electron has a negative charge _______ 5 An electron is found inside the nucleus _______ 6 The mass of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons _______ 7 The atomic number of an atom is the number of neutrons

ATOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1 Write standard atomic notation for the following (make a box as you would see it in the periodic table)

a An atom of nitrogen with 7 protons and 8 neutrons

b An atom of bromine with 35 protons and 36 neutrons

c An atom of sulfur with 16 protons and 16 neutrons

2 Draw an atom with 6 protons 7 neutrons and 6 electrons

3 Which subatomic particles identify an atomelement

4 Which subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom

5 If the same charges repel each other how is it that protons can all be together in the nucleus

6 Electrons move around with lots of energy How is it that they do not fly away from their atom

7 Which subatomic particles will find it easiest to interact with other atoms

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ATOM MATCHING AND TRUEFALSE

MATCHING Complete each statement using a term from the list below Some answers may be used more than once outside neutrons same cancel out protons atoms negative electrons nucleus lighter no positive

1 All matter is made of tiny parts called _________________________________

2 The center part of an atom is called the _______________________________

3 A nucleus is made up of ___________________ and ____________________

4 Electrons are found ____________________________ the nucleus

5 Electrons are _____________________________ than protons and neutrons

6 The main parts of an atom are __________________ ____________________ and _________________________

7 Since protons have a _________________________ charge and neutrons have __________________ charge the nucleus will have a _____________________ charge

8 Electrons have a _____________________________ charge

9 An atom has the ___________________________ number of protons and electrons when its overall charge is neutral

10 The positive and negative charges of an atom _________________ each other

TRUE OR FALSE _______ 1 A proton is found outside the nucleus _______ 2 A proton has a negative charge _______ 3 A neutron has a positive charge _______ 4 An electron has a negative charge _______ 5 An electron is found inside the nucleus _______ 6 The mass of an atom is the number of protons and neutrons _______ 7 The atomic number of an atom is the number of neutrons

ATOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1 Write standard atomic notation for the following (make a box as you would see it in the periodic table)

a An atom of nitrogen with 7 protons and 8 neutrons

b An atom of bromine with 35 protons and 36 neutrons

c An atom of sulfur with 16 protons and 16 neutrons

2 Draw an atom with 6 protons 7 neutrons and 6 electrons

3 Which subatomic particles identify an atomelement

4 Which subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom

5 If the same charges repel each other how is it that protons can all be together in the nucleus

6 Electrons move around with lots of energy How is it that they do not fly away from their atom

7 Which subatomic particles will find it easiest to interact with other atoms

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ATOM PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1 Write standard atomic notation for the following (make a box as you would see it in the periodic table)

a An atom of nitrogen with 7 protons and 8 neutrons

b An atom of bromine with 35 protons and 36 neutrons

c An atom of sulfur with 16 protons and 16 neutrons

2 Draw an atom with 6 protons 7 neutrons and 6 electrons

3 Which subatomic particles identify an atomelement

4 Which subatomic particles make up the mass of an atom

5 If the same charges repel each other how is it that protons can all be together in the nucleus

6 Electrons move around with lots of energy How is it that they do not fly away from their atom

7 Which subatomic particles will find it easiest to interact with other atoms

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ATOM CALCULATIONS

Atomic number = of protons = of electrons

Atomic mass = of protons + of neutrons

of neutrons = mass ndash atomic number

Each row in the table represents a different atom Fill-in the blanks using your periodic table and the above formulas

Number of protons

in the atom

Number of electrons

in the atom

Number of neutrons

in the atom

Atomic mass of the atom

Atomic number of the atom

Name of the element

Element symbol

5 11 boron

23 11 Na

79 197 gold

34 45 Se

1 1 1

6 6

92 146

24 12

18 40

110 W

27 aluminum

201 80

7 7

33 42

8 O

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

THE ELEMENTS

Element a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into

simpler substances

There are 118 elements 92 can be found in __________________ 26 are only made in a _______________

In 1817 Jons Jakob Berzelius proposed an international system of symbols

Symbols are much _________________ and faster to use than writing out the names of each element Ex Hydrogen and oxygen make hydrogen peroxide H2 + O2 rarr H2O2

Element symbols are the same across ______________________ but names are specific to each language Ex Silver (English) = Ag (symbol) = Argent (French) Languages that use different written characters (like Chinese) still use these symbols

An element is __________________ by the person that discovers it Names come from the following

1 A Greek word Ex Chlorine from chloros which means _______ Argon from argos which means inactive Helium from helios which means __________

2 A Latin word Ex Sodium Na _____________

Potassium K kalium Antimony Sb stibium Copper Cu _____________ Gold Au aurum Silver Ag argentums ____________ Fe ferum Lead Pb plumbum Mercury _____ hydrargyrum Tin Sn stannum

3 A country Ex Polonium Po Poland

___________ Ge Germany Francium Fr France

4 A continent Ex Americium Am Americas

Europium Eu Europe

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

5 A person Ex Einsteinium Es Albert Einstein

Rutherfordium Rf E Rutherford ____________ Cm Marie Curie Fermium Fm Enrico Fermi

Symbols are assigned by the following rules 1 The first letter of the element name Ex C = carbon

2 The first and second letter of the element name if the first is already taken Ex Ce = cerium

3 The first and third letter of the element name if the first two are already taken Ex Cs = cesium

4 Some symbols follow the above rules but with their latin or greek root Ex Tungsten = W = Wolfram (the German name)

5 Some symbols do not follow the rules and just need to be memorized Ex Platinum should be Pl but it is Pt Ex Zirconium should be Zi but it is Zr

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ELEMENT BINGO Randomly place 25 of the symbols below in the BINGO grid

S F B Pb Cl H Cr Au Be P Na Ar He O Li Ca Hg W I N Mg C Cu Zn Co Fe Mn Sn Ag Br Ne Al Si K

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ELEMENT SCRABBLE

Name ______________________________

Goal to become more familiar with the periodic table and the elements

Instructions Create words using the symbols in the periodic table You must write the word as the symbols are written in the table (capitals and lower case) You may not have the same answers as other students Example BaNaNa ndash barium sodium sodium Create 3 words with 4 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________- ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 5 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 6 letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 words with 4 or more letters Word Names of elements

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________ Create 3 new words and include a definition Word Names of elements and the definition of the word

1 _________________ - ______________________________________________

2 _________________ - ______________________________________________

3 _________________ - ______________________________________________

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BOHR MODELS

Examples 1) Aluminum (Al) 2) Sodium (Na)

A Bohr diagram is used to give a general idea of where electrons are found in an atom

Electrons are drawn in energy levels (orbits) The closest level to the nucleus has the lowest amount of energy

Electrons circle the nucleus in a random fashion to create a cloud They do not circle in a predictable fashion like the planets and the sun

Electrons = dots Energy level = circle

1st level can hold up to 2 electrons

2nd level can hold up to 8 electrons

3rd level can hold up to ldquo8 electronsrdquo

When a level has more than 4 electrons the electrons are drawn in pairs

Each level must be full before filling the next level

Indicate the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

NAME___________

BOHR MODEL PERIODIC TABLE

1

Hydrogen

3

Lithium

4

Beryllium

5

Boron

6

Carbon

7

Nitrogen

8

Oxygen

9

Fluorine

10

Neon

11

Sodium

12

Magnesium

13

Aluminium

14

Silicon

15

Phosphorus

16

Sulfur

17

Chlorine

18

Argon

19

Potassium

20

Calcium

1) What do all of the columns have in common

2) What do all of the rows have in common

2

Helium

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BLOCK C THE PERIODIC TABLE

History of the Periodic Table

The first periodic table was made by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869 He ordered the

elements according to their _____ Some spaces were left empty because he predicted

that there were other elements yet to be discovered In the current periodic table the

elements are in ascending order according to their ___________ number ( of protons)

Metals non-metals and metalloids

Most elements are metals They are found on the ____________ of the table The right

side of the table contains the __________________ Metalloids share characteristics of

metals and non-metals and are found between the two on what is called the ldquostaircaserdquo

1 H

2 He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

Metals (to the left of the staircase)

- _______________________

- Good __________________________ of heat and electricity

- _______________________ (can hammer or press out of shape and not

shatter)

- _______________________ (can be stretched into a wire and not lose

strength)

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

- React with _____________________

- All are _________________ at room temperature except mercury (liquid)

Non-metals (to the right of the staircase)

- _______________ (not shiny)

- Not good conductors of heat and electricity

- All are __________________ at room temperature except carbon iodine sulfur

selenium and phosphorus (solids) and bromine (liquid)

Hydrogen is an ______________________ and is considered a non-metal most of

the time Sometimes it has qualities like a metal and other times it is more of a non-

metal (it is a gas at room temperature) It can give or receive an electron

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb 89

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Families in the Periodic Table

- each ______________________ in the table is a family of elements

- another word for family is group

- each element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

Metals

Metalloids

Non-metals

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

- valence electrons are the electrons found in the __________________ energy

shell that can move from one element to another to form a chemical bond

- the Roman numeral above a family indicates the number of valence electrons

- elements in a family have similar ______________________________

Alkali metals (group 1) - soft highly ______________________ metals

- like to bond with the __________________ family and give away _____ electron

- ____________________ is an exception because it can behave like a non-metal

Alkaline earth metals (group 2)

- malleable reactive burn easily

- like to bond with the _____________________ family and give away 2 electrons

Chalcogens (group 16) - like to bond with the alkaline earth metals and receive ____________ electrons

Halogens (group 17) - highly reactive especially with the alkali metals where they gain an electron

- like to form _______________ compounds

Noble gases (group 18) - very ________________________ gases

- do not like to react with other elements because their electron valence layer is

_____________

- found in their natural state

Periods in the Periodic Table - each period is a ___________________________ row in the table

- the number of each row is equal to the number of energy levels for each element

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Question

Use the table below to colour the different families Make sure to include a legend

Leave the newer elements at the bottom (116 - 118) blank as scientists are not sure if

they demonstrate the characteristics of those families

1 2

H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S CI Ar

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

55 56 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn

87 88 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra Lr Rf Dd Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rt Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

Legend

Alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals

Chalcogens

Halogens

Noble gases

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ATOMS AND ELEMENTS PROBLEMS

1 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the following elements

2 Draw the Bohr diagrams of the energy levels for the alkali metals

3 What is similar between all the alkali metals in question 2 ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

4 From one period to the next what happens to the number of energy levels

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

5 How many valence electrons does Rubidium (Rb) have ________________

6 How many energy levels does Rubidium (Rb) have ___________________

Li

O

Na

Ar

Ca

3 18 20 11 8

H

Li

Na

K

19 3 1 11

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

7 Draw the Bohr diagrams for the first 3 elements of each of these families

Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Noble gases

8 What similarities can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

9 What differences can you find between all the elements of the same family

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

10 What is the difference between a neutral atom and a stable atom

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

11 What is a valence electron

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

12 Which family of elements do you think is the most stable Why

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

13 a) Who created the first periodic table ______________________________

b) What was different about his table and the current periodic table

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

ELEMENT CARDS PROJECT

In this project you will research 4 different elements using the Internet and your

periodic table (15 points per element x 4 elements = 60 points)

Each element card must include _____ 1 Information from the periodic table (ex Atomic number atomic

mass name symbol state ndash solidliquidgas) 2 points _____ 2 The number of protons neutrons and electrons 3 points _____ 3 The name of the family it belongs to (If it doesnrsquot have an official

name the family is named after the first element in that column for example the carbon family) 1 point

_____ 4 Is it a metal metalloid or non-metal 1 point _____ 5 The people who discovered it and the date 2 points _____ 6 At least 3 important uses for the element 3 points _____ 7 At least 1 image showing how the element is used 1 point _____ 8 Neatly written and displayed Easy to follow 2 points

P = _____ N = _____ E = _____

Family name __________________

Metal ___ Metalloid ___ Non-metal ___

Discovered in _______ by

_________________________

Uses

Images on the back

8

O Oxygen 159994

Gas

Determine the number of protons

neutrons and electrons

Indicate the date the element was

discovered and the person or group

who discovered it

Give at least 3 uses of the element

Show one or more images on the back

demonstrating how the element is

used

Fill in this square with the information

from the periodic table

Give the family name

Indicate if the element is a metal

metalloid or non-metal

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BLOCK D ELEMENT OR COMPOUND

Matter

1 type of atom 2 or more types of atoms bonded together bonded together

Element Compound

Ex _____________

Ex _____________

Monoatomic Diatomic Polyatomic

1 atom 2 of the same 3 or more of the atom same atom Ex ______ Ex ____________ Ex _________

____________

____________

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

COUNTING ATOMS

How do chemists represent the number of atoms in a molecule Or the number of molecules Or the structure of those molecules Chemists will use the following

Subscript - __________ bottom number - Represents the number of atoms of the element directly to the

___________ - No subscript represents the number 1 it is implied by the symbol - All atoms written together with and without subscripts are all joined

together to make up a molecule - Ex H2O ___ H ___ O

- There is one molecule of water

Coefficient - _____________ number before the molecule - Represents how many molecules you have (of the molecule that is

written right after it) They are not attached together - Multiply the _________________ for each atom by the coefficient - The number 1 is not written it is implied - Ex 2CO2 _____C _____ O - There are 2 separate carbon dioxide molecules

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Parentheses - Represents more than one _______________ in a molecule - Multiply each atom in the parentheses by the ______________ on

the outside - Ex Mg(NO2)2 ____ Mg ____ N ____O

One way of saying this is ldquothere are 2 groups of NO2 in a magnesium nitrite moleculerdquo All these atoms would be joined together to make one molecule

Explain the difference between the molecules below by counting the atoms in each one

a) CO2 ____ C _____ O

b) CoCO

____ Co _____ C _____ O

c) Co2 ____ Co

d) 2CO

____ C _____ O

e) Fe2(CO3)3

____ Fe _____ C ______ O

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

CHEMICAL FORMULAS PRACTICE For each of the elements in the left column answer the questions in the two other columns You may use a molecule building set if you would like to construct each one

Chemical Formula

a) How many different kinds of atoms are in this molecule b) How many atoms of each kind are in this molecule c) What is the total number of all atoms in this molecule

What does this formula

represent

Water H2O

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Carbon dioxide CO2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sodium chloride NaCl

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Oxygen O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ozone O3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Manganese sulfate MnSO4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Nitrogen N2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Vinegar (acetic acid) CH3COOH

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Sulfur S8

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Neon Ne

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Methane CH4

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Calcium iodide CaI2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Diamond C

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Rust (iron hydroxide) Fe(OH)2

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Glucose C6H12O6

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

Ammonia NH3

a) b) c)

a compound a monatomic element a diatomic element a polyatomic element

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

MORE QUESTIONS

1 How many atoms in 6 AlCl3

2 How many molecules in 3 MgBr2

3 How many atoms in 2 PCl2

4 How many molecules in 4 AlCl3

5 How many chlorine atoms in 5 PCl2

6 How many magnesium atoms in 3 MgBr2

7 What is the ratio between the atoms in AlCl3

8 What is the ratio between the atoms in 6 AlCl3

9 What is the ratio between the atoms in 2 P2Cl5

10 True or false A molecule is only made up of two elements

11 True or false A molecule can contain many atoms of the same element

12 True or false In 6 H2O there are 6 molecules of water

13 True or false In 3 NH3 there are 3 atoms of hydrogen

14 True or false CO is an element

15 True or false Co is a compound

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BLOCK E PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

Matter anything that occupies a _______________________ and has a ___________

Example air and a rubber soccer ball

Properties of matter

The properties of matter can be separated into 2 categories physical properties and

chemical properties

Qualitative Physical Properties

Physical properties of matter are observed with our five _________________ (vision

hearing taste smell and touch) Physical properties of matter can help to

_____________________ a substance Example colour is a physical property

States of matter matter is found in one of the following states at room

temperature ndash solid liquid or gas

Solid has a defined form and a stable __________________________

Liquid always conforms to the shape of its ________________________

and has a stable volume

Gas always adopts the shape of its container and __________ it completely

Durability Durability indicates a solidrsquos inability to __________________ or dent

A more durable material can be used to scratch a less durable material Example

using a diamond to scratch glass

Malleability If a solid is malleable it can be ___________________________

into thin sheets Gold can be hammered into thin sheets so it is said to be

malleable Glass is not malleable If it is hammered it breaks into pieces

Ductility The ability of a material to be pulled into thin __________________ For

example copper is ductile because it can be pulled into wires for electrical wiring

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Quantitative Physical Properties

These are properties that must be measured

Boiling point and melting point the temperature at which a substance changes

from one _________ to another The melting point is the temperature when a solid

changes to a liquid (or vice versa) The boiling point is when a liquid changes to a

gas (or vice versa) Water has a melting point of 0 ordmC and a boiling point of 100 ordmC

Solubility The ability for a substance (solute) to ________________ in a solvent

If you add salt and pepper to water the salt dissolves in the water and not the

pepper

Viscosity the __________________ of a liquid or its inability to run down an

incline The thicker the liquid the more viscous it is For example syrup is more

viscous than water

Density Density is the quantity of __________________________ per unit of

____________________ For example lead has a larger density than a feather It

is measured in gcm3

Chemical Properties

A chemical property describes the behaviour of a substance when it comes into contact

with another ____________________ or energy source The change that occurs is not

reversible For example dynamite that explodes

Combustible (or flammable) a substance is combustible if it can be

______________________ when exposed to a flame

Reacts with acids the ability to react with an acid is a chemical property The

majority of ______________________ react with acids

Corrosion when a metal reacts with an ______________________ substance

For example iron reacts with oxygen to become rust

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

QUESTIONS Physical and Chemical Properties

1 What is the difference between qualitative physical properties and quantitative

physical properties

2 Give 3 qualitative physical properties of an orange

3 Give 3 quantitative physical properties of water

4 Indicate which of the statements below are quantitative and which ones are

qualitative

a The density of air is 15 gL ___________________

b The boiling point of nitrogen is -196degC ______________________

c Table salt is a white solid _____________________

5 Indicate which of the following statements are examples of physical

characteristics and which ones are chemical characteristics

a Calcium is a metal that is fairly soft ______________________

b Calcium reacts with water _______________________

c Snow is a solid _______________________

d Ozone is toxic for humans _____________________

e Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids _______________________

f Mercury is toxic _______________________

g Paper burns easily _________________________

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

CHEMICAL BONDS

A ________________ is a force that attracts atoms to one another in a chemical

compound (or molecule)

A bond forms between two atoms due to the interaction of the atomsrsquo valence electrons

A bond forms a compound that is more stable than the atoms by themselves Many of

the elements in the periodic table do not exist in nature as single atoms rather they are

a part of compounds

Metals tend to lose electrons They form positive ____________ (an atom with a

charge) called ________________________

Non-metals tend to receive electrons They form negative ions called _____________

1 Ionic bonds

This type of bond forms when electrons are __________________________ between

two atoms One atom loses one or more electrons and the other atom receives them

This bond occurs between a __________________ and a ______________________

Ex NaCl and MgO

Example Salt is sodium chloride or NaCl

Na (sodium) and Cl (chlorine) atoms

Sodium Chlorine

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

1123 Na 17

35Cl

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

In magnesium oxide (Mg amp O)

Magnesium Oxygen

- electrons ______ - electrons ______

- protons ______ - protons ______

An anion is an atom or group of atoms ______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ A cation is an atom or group of atoms _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2 Covalent Bond

This type of bond __________________ electrons between atoms It occurs between

two ______________________________ (or metalloids)

Ex H2O

A ionic compound is composed of ions joined

together by ionic bonds Another name for this

is a

A compound made-up of covalent bonds is

called a

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

QUESTIONS Ionic Bonds 1 Using the word bank below complete the sentences in the paragraph below

Attraction charge electron ionic bond positive positive charge negative negative charge transferred opposing

When an atom receives or loses an ___________________ an ion is formed All ions

have a ____________ Metals have a tendency to form ions with a ________________

________________________ while non-metals have a tendency to form ions with a

__________________________________ When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal

atom one or more electrons are ________________________ this causes ions to

form There will be ___________________ ions and ___________________________

ions The ions are attracted to each other due to their __________________ charges

This is what we call an _________________________

2a) Draw a Bohr diagram for lithium in the space below

b) What will cause lithium to become an ion __________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will it be positive or negative Explain why _________________

______________________________________________________________________

3 a) Draw a Bohr diagram for fluorine in the space below

b) What could happen that would change fluorine into an ion ____________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) The ion that forms will be positive or negative Explain _______________________

______________________________________________________________________

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

4 Lithium and fluorine react together to form lithium fluoride With the help of a Bohr

diagram draw how these two atoms react

5 The following diagram represents an oxygen atom It can be used to answer the

following questions

a) Why is this atom unstable _________________________________________

b) What will make this atom stable _____________________________________

c) With a red pen modify the diagram so it shows a stable atom

d) What is the charge of this atom _____________________________________

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Questions Covalent Bonds

1 What does the small circle (A) represent _____________________________

2 What does the large circle (B) represent _____________________________

3 What does C represent __________________________________________

4 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the left ______

5 How many electrons are in the valence layer for the atom on the right _____

6 What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond __________

________________________________________________________________

7 Draw Bohr diagrams to show how the following atoms bond together with

covalent bonds

H2

FCl

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

OF2

NH3

8 Why do the noble gases like He and Ne not bond with other atoms

________________________________________________________________

9 Identify if the following molecules are held together by ionic bonds or covalent

bonds i NaBr ______________________

ii N2 ______________________

iii LiF ______________________

iv CO2 ______________________

v CCl4 ______________________

vi BeO ______________________

10 Identify if the following ions are cations or anions a) Na+ __________________________

b) Cl- __________________________

c) S2- __________________________

d) F- __________________________

e) Fe2+ __________________________

f) Ni3+ __________________________

g) O2- __________________________

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BLOCK F PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical changes

- do not make a new ______________________

- the substance may change appearance but its ________________ is the

same Ex Tearing a piece of paper Dissolving a substance in water

- a change of _________________ (gas liquid solid) is a physical change

Ex Ice melting

Chemical changes

- atoms are rearranged to create new ________________________ with new

_________________________

Indicators of a chemical reaction

Releases a _________________ (bubbles)

Changes ___________________

Makes a _____________________ (a solid that forms in the bottom of a liquid)

Releases __________________ (heat or light)

Very difficult to __________________

Often more than one indicator of a chemical reaction needs to be seen to confirm it is a chemical change and not physical For example releasing a gas could be a physical change (such as when boiling water) Just a few examples of chemical reactions

Baking a cake

A rusting nail

Burning wood

Glow sticks are an example of ____________________________

___________________________

6H2O + 6CO2 + energy rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2

Notice in this chemical reaction there is the same amount of type of atom on both

sides of the arrow This is because atoms cannot be created or destroyed during

a chemical reaction ndash only rearranged

Brainstorm some more chemical reactions

Chemical reactions in nature Chemical reactions in technology

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Questions Chemical and Physical Changes

Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical Justify your answer

SITUATION TYPE OF CHANGE JUSTIFICATION

1 Gina hangs her bathing suit and towel on the clothes line Two hours later they are dry

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

2 Marvin returns home from a vacation to find the margarine left in the fridge has a strange smell

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

3 Nathalie is very sad that her chocolate bar melted on the dashboard of her car

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

4 Keith mixes a white powder with a colourless acid A purple precipitate appears in the bottom of the beaker

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

5 Andrea uses caulking to fill a crack between the window and the wall It hardens in less than an hour

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

6 Rauno mixes a red powder with a colourless acid The next day there is still a red powder in the bottom of the beaker and the colourless acid around it

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

7 Beatrice is building a bookshelf and is covered in sawdust at the end of the day

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

8 Somchine prepares a traditional Laotian meal for his friends He is proud of his spicy chicken

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

9 Yasmin brings a salad to Somchinersquos dinner The salad has 7 different vegetables cut into tiny pieces

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

10Thierry likes to surprise his friends by lighting firecrackers with a rock

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

11 When Georgersquos father makes wine from crab apples bubbles form on the surface of the yeast

and fruit mixture

This is a __ physical change __ chemical change

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

BLOCK G LAB SAFETY WHMIS

WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) is a comprehensive system for providing health and safety information on hazardous products intended for use handling or storage in Canadian workplaces The three focuses of WHMIS are bull Labels on containers for dangerous materials bull SDS safety data sheets for dangerous materials bull Education and training employers and employees

WHMIS PICTOGRAMS

The exclusions under WHMIS 2015 are

Explosives as defined in the Explosives Act

Cosmetic device drug or food as defined in the Food and Drugs Act

Pest control products as defined in the Pest Control Products Act

Consumer products as defined in the Canada Consumer Product Safety Act

Wood or products made of wood

Nuclear substances within the meaning of the Nuclear Safety and Control Act that are radioactive

Hazardous waste being a hazardous product that is sold for recycling or recovery or is intended for disposal

Tobacco and tobacco products as defined in the Tobacco Act

Manufactured articles

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

QUESTIONS WHMIS

What is the risk associated with each symbol

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

CHEMISTRY

Block A History of the atomic model

1) Describe how historical ideas and models have furthered our understanding of the nature of matter Describe the contributions from

a) Ancient Greek Philosophers g) Cavendish b) Alchemists h) Dalton c) Bacon i) Thomson d) Boyle j) Rutherford e) Priestley k) Bohr f) Lavoisier l) Quantum model

Block B Atoms amp Elements

2) Define the word element Identify the names and symbols of the first 20 elements and Fe Ni Cu Zn I Ag Sn Au W Hg Pb U

3) Identify a proton electron and neutron from a drawing of an atom Indicate their - charge (positivenegativeneutral) - mass (1 amu or negligible) - role in an atom

4) Identify the following characteristics of an element

- Number of protons - Number of electrons - Number of neutrons - Atomic number (number of protons) - Atomic mass (number of neutrons + protons)

5) Create a Bohr diagram for the first 20 elements

Block C The periodic classification of the elements

6) Identify the difference between periods and families Identify the name of 5 families Know what a period and a family represent

7) Identify how elements are arranged in the periodic table Identify the creator of

the modern periodic table

8) Know the difference between stable and reactive Know which families are more reactive than others

Block D Compounds

9) Compare the similarities and differences of elements and compounds

10) Count the number of each atom in a chemical formula Ex CO2

Block E Properties of substances

11) Identify the properties of metals nonmetals and metalloids (ductile conductivity luster reactivity) Find them on a periodic table

12) Study the properties of substances and explain the importance of knowing these

properties

13) Know what a bond is and the difference between ionic and covalent

Block F Chemical changes

14) Distinguish chemical from physical changes

15) Conduct an experiment to determine the indicators of a chemical reaction (Change in color precipitate heat gas light new substance)

16) What are some natural phenomenon and technologies that use chemical reactions (Photography rusting photosynthesis combustion)

Block G Lab Safety

17) Identify the meaning of WHMIS Where is it used Know the symbols

18) Know how to safely work in a lab