chapter 4: lesson 7 what were the results of the rebellions in the two canadas?

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

What were the results of the rebellions in the two Canadas?

The Durham Report1838 – New Governor of Lower Canada, __________________, is

asked to investigate the problems. Political Front: The Constitutional Act of 1791 was __________________.

It provided a legislative assembly, that did not ____________________________________. Solution: ________________________– Britain would not be compromised.

Recommended granting the system of ___________________________. Social Front: Political conflicts were made worse, because of ethnic

conflicts. French Canadians were depicted as: inferior, poorly evolved, without history or culture and their nationalism was a cause for problems economically. Solution: __________________________________

French Canadians would become the __________________, and facilitate assimilation.

__________________Great Britain __________________ on uniting the

two Canadas__________________ the Ministerial responsibility

Not ready to grant further autonomy to its colonies. Especially since so many citizens were French

Canadian. Adopted in 1840 – ___________________________

Lower and Upper Canada were united to form the ________________________ or _________________________

Fourth Constitution

The Act of Union of 1840

Territory Divided in two: Canada West (Upper Canada) and Canada East (Lower Canada)

Language English, only official language

Form of Government

United government. One Governor, one Executive Council, one Legislative Assembly. Powers remained the same.

Laws Same

Political Representation

Canada West and Canada East has an equal amount of seats in the Legislative Assembly, even though Canada East had a higher population.

Debt Sharing Lower Canada (debt-free) had to cover part of Upper Canada’s very heavy debt.

Political organization of United Canada after the Act of Union 1840

GREAT BRITAIN

UNITED CANADA

British Government(Monarch and cabinet

ministers)Colonial SecretaryGovernor General

Executive Council8 members appointed by

Governor

Legislative Council24 members appointed by

Governor

Legislative Assembly42 member in each Canada West and

Canada East

The Voters

__________________________________The Act of Union did not satisfy Upper or Lower

Canada’s __________________. Canada East:

Position of former Patriotes was divided. Supporters of Papineau held violent protests – against

__________________. Louis – Hippolyte Lafontaine:

believed that __________________and __________________ should work together, for the prosperity of all.

_______________________ would bring economic rewards to French Canadians.

Firm advocate of ________________________________.

After 1840, La Fontaine reached out to Reformers from Canada West (Robert Baldwin) __________________ – The Reform Party ______________________________– their goal Formed on the basis of compromise:

French Canadians would accept English Canadians’ _____________________________ (construction of canals and railways lines)

English Canadians would accept the ______________________ of the French Canadians

Reform Party attracted many supporters – 1842, _________________________________.

________________________________Before 1846, the __________________, imposed

hefty tariffs on cereals grown in other countries.

The _____________________________(1846) abolished the Corn Laws.

The _________________________no longer had Britain controlling the commerce of its colony, to the extent that it did before Free Trade

This opens the door to ministerial responsibility.

Ministerial Responsibility1848 – ______________________ received orders from

London to grant ministerial responsibility. Lafontaine and Baldwin are asked to form the

Executive Council – first time the members were __________________from the ____________________________ in legislative Assembly.

1849 – two laws passed: ___________________________: French same status as English

in Province of Canada ___________________________: compensation to citizens of

former Lower Canada, who had suffered material losses as a result of the Rebellions of 1837 – 1838.

GREAT BRITAIN

UNITED

CANADA

British GovernmentThe monarch and cabinet

ministers

Colonial Secretary

Governor General

Had power to reject requests

Executive Council (council of ministers)

Could reject or approve bills

Legislative Council Approved

laws

Legislative Assembly Voted on bills introduced by executive

council

The Voters

TIME LINEOf

Rebellions

May 1837 – Patri Patriotes denounced the Russell Resolutions and asked people to boycott products from Great Britain

July – Governor Gosford banned all popular meetings

August – Patriotes refused to approve budget so Gosford dissolved the legislative assembly

September – Patriotes created Fils de la Liberte (sons of liberty) to bear arms against the British as the Doric Club already could bear arms against the Canadiens

October – Louis Joseph Papineau (leader of Patriotes) held illegal popular meeting urging them not to turn to violence, created assemblee des six comtes

November – first battle between Patriotes and British Army at Saint Denis (Patriotes win)

February 1838 – Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada published by Anglophone Patriote leader, Robert Nelson (p. 31) Created Freres Chasseurs to reorganize armed battle from USA

November – Freres Chasseurs defeated at Lacolle and Odelltown by British ArmyRebelllions ended 1838Hundreds arrested and sentenced to death12 were hanged58 deported to Australia

Public Opinion during rebellions

BRITISH colonists

View point on Rebellions (p. 34)

Representatives of British authority

Opposed PatrioteOrdered army to end the rebellions

Business class Opposed PatrioteBusiness depended on British authority

People Opposed PatrioteWanted to keep political ties with Britain

CANADIENS View point on rebellions (p. 33)

Liberal Bourgeoisie

Agreed with demandsDivided on means of achieving goalMost Patriote leaders from this group

Clergy Opposed armed conflictRespected British authority

Seigneurs Most opposed as they would lose certain privilegesSome for the liberal ideas such as Louis Joseph Papineau who came from this group

People Most for Patriotes8000 joined the armed combat

Workbook Assignment

Please complete pages 130 - 131