chapter 4: lesson 7 what were the results of the rebellions in the two canadas?
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4: Lesson 7
What were the results of the rebellions in the two Canadas?
The Durham Report1838 – New Governor of Lower Canada, __________________, is
asked to investigate the problems. Political Front: The Constitutional Act of 1791 was __________________.
It provided a legislative assembly, that did not ____________________________________. Solution: ________________________– Britain would not be compromised.
Recommended granting the system of ___________________________. Social Front: Political conflicts were made worse, because of ethnic
conflicts. French Canadians were depicted as: inferior, poorly evolved, without history or culture and their nationalism was a cause for problems economically. Solution: __________________________________
French Canadians would become the __________________, and facilitate assimilation.
__________________Great Britain __________________ on uniting the
two Canadas__________________ the Ministerial responsibility
Not ready to grant further autonomy to its colonies. Especially since so many citizens were French
Canadian. Adopted in 1840 – ___________________________
Lower and Upper Canada were united to form the ________________________ or _________________________
Fourth Constitution
The Act of Union of 1840
Territory Divided in two: Canada West (Upper Canada) and Canada East (Lower Canada)
Language English, only official language
Form of Government
United government. One Governor, one Executive Council, one Legislative Assembly. Powers remained the same.
Laws Same
Political Representation
Canada West and Canada East has an equal amount of seats in the Legislative Assembly, even though Canada East had a higher population.
Debt Sharing Lower Canada (debt-free) had to cover part of Upper Canada’s very heavy debt.
Political organization of United Canada after the Act of Union 1840
GREAT BRITAIN
UNITED CANADA
British Government(Monarch and cabinet
ministers)Colonial SecretaryGovernor General
Executive Council8 members appointed by
Governor
Legislative Council24 members appointed by
Governor
Legislative Assembly42 member in each Canada West and
Canada East
The Voters
__________________________________The Act of Union did not satisfy Upper or Lower
Canada’s __________________. Canada East:
Position of former Patriotes was divided. Supporters of Papineau held violent protests – against
__________________. Louis – Hippolyte Lafontaine:
believed that __________________and __________________ should work together, for the prosperity of all.
_______________________ would bring economic rewards to French Canadians.
Firm advocate of ________________________________.
After 1840, La Fontaine reached out to Reformers from Canada West (Robert Baldwin) __________________ – The Reform Party ______________________________– their goal Formed on the basis of compromise:
French Canadians would accept English Canadians’ _____________________________ (construction of canals and railways lines)
English Canadians would accept the ______________________ of the French Canadians
Reform Party attracted many supporters – 1842, _________________________________.
________________________________Before 1846, the __________________, imposed
hefty tariffs on cereals grown in other countries.
The _____________________________(1846) abolished the Corn Laws.
The _________________________no longer had Britain controlling the commerce of its colony, to the extent that it did before Free Trade
This opens the door to ministerial responsibility.
Ministerial Responsibility1848 – ______________________ received orders from
London to grant ministerial responsibility. Lafontaine and Baldwin are asked to form the
Executive Council – first time the members were __________________from the ____________________________ in legislative Assembly.
1849 – two laws passed: ___________________________: French same status as English
in Province of Canada ___________________________: compensation to citizens of
former Lower Canada, who had suffered material losses as a result of the Rebellions of 1837 – 1838.
GREAT BRITAIN
UNITED
CANADA
British GovernmentThe monarch and cabinet
ministers
Colonial Secretary
Governor General
Had power to reject requests
Executive Council (council of ministers)
Could reject or approve bills
Legislative Council Approved
laws
Legislative Assembly Voted on bills introduced by executive
council
The Voters
TIME LINEOf
Rebellions
May 1837 – Patri Patriotes denounced the Russell Resolutions and asked people to boycott products from Great Britain
July – Governor Gosford banned all popular meetings
August – Patriotes refused to approve budget so Gosford dissolved the legislative assembly
September – Patriotes created Fils de la Liberte (sons of liberty) to bear arms against the British as the Doric Club already could bear arms against the Canadiens
October – Louis Joseph Papineau (leader of Patriotes) held illegal popular meeting urging them not to turn to violence, created assemblee des six comtes
November – first battle between Patriotes and British Army at Saint Denis (Patriotes win)
February 1838 – Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada published by Anglophone Patriote leader, Robert Nelson (p. 31) Created Freres Chasseurs to reorganize armed battle from USA
November – Freres Chasseurs defeated at Lacolle and Odelltown by British ArmyRebelllions ended 1838Hundreds arrested and sentenced to death12 were hanged58 deported to Australia
Public Opinion during rebellions
BRITISH colonists
View point on Rebellions (p. 34)
Representatives of British authority
Opposed PatrioteOrdered army to end the rebellions
Business class Opposed PatrioteBusiness depended on British authority
People Opposed PatrioteWanted to keep political ties with Britain
CANADIENS View point on rebellions (p. 33)
Liberal Bourgeoisie
Agreed with demandsDivided on means of achieving goalMost Patriote leaders from this group
Clergy Opposed armed conflictRespected British authority
Seigneurs Most opposed as they would lose certain privilegesSome for the liberal ideas such as Louis Joseph Papineau who came from this group
People Most for Patriotes8000 joined the armed combat
Workbook Assignment
Please complete pages 130 - 131