can vigorous rootstock be used to manage verticillium wilt? ‘maxifort’
Post on 31-Jan-2016
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• Can vigorous rootstock be used to manage verticillium wilt?– ‘Maxifort’
• How does grafting fit in with fumigation?– Additive or alternative
• Can we reduce economic constraints through cultural methods?– Plant spacing
Cedar Meadow Farm
GraftingGraftingTrial plantedTrial planted
May 12thMay 12th
Cultural Management
Twin Leader
Fumigation Spacing Grafting
Yes
18”Non
‘Maxifort’
24”Non
‘Maxifort’
36”Non
‘Maxifort’
No
18”Non
‘Maxifort’
24”Non
‘Maxifort’
36”Non
‘Maxifort’
Cedar Meadow Farm
• Fall Fumigation
• ‘BHN 589’
• “Twin-heading”
• Disease ratings
• Data collection
• Mid-October
Cedar Meadow FarmNon Maxifort Non Maxifort Non Maxifort
12’
Non Maxifort Non Maxifort Non Maxifort
12’
GraftinGraftingg
ScionScion
RootstoRootstockck
Maxifort rootstock-gone Maxifort rootstock-gone wild!wild!
High horsepowerHigh horsepower“Grafted”Grafted” snow blower!snow blower!
Lancaster County - 2008: Main Effects
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
No Yes 18" 24" 36" Non Maxifort
Fumigant Plant Spacing Grafting
Ve
rtic
illiu
m w
ilt in
cid
en
ce
(%
)
P < 0.01 P = NS P = NS
A
B
Verticillium Wilt
Lancaster County - 2008: Main Effects
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
No Yes 18" 24" 36" Non Maxifort
Fumigant Plant Spacing Grafting
Ve
rtic
illiu
m w
ilt s
ev
eri
ty
P < 0.05 P = NS P < 0.01
B
A
Y
Z
Verticillium Wilt
Lancaster County - 2008: Main Effects
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No Yes 18" 24" 36" Non Maxifort
Fumigant Plant Spacing Grafting
Ma
rke
tab
le y
ield
(to
ns
/ac
re)
YYZ
Z A
B
LSD based on P=0.01
Marketable Fruit Weight
Lancaster County - 2008
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
18" 24" 36" 18" 24" 36"
Non-grafted Maxifort
Mar
keta
ble
yie
ld (
ton
s/ac
re)
A
BB BC
CC
LSD based on P=0.05
Marketable Fruit Weight
LSD based on P=0.05
Marketable Yield (tons/acre) Non-grafted Maxifort (Max-Non)
18" Spacing 50.13 B 58.74 C 8.61
24" Spacing 48.50 B 56.87 C 8.37
36" Spacing 40.94 A 52.13 BC 11.19
Marketable Fruit Weight
Lancaster County - Main Effects
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
18" 24" 36" Non Maxifort
Mar
keta
ble
fru
it n
um
ber
A
B
Z
YY
LSD based on P=0.05
Marketable Fruit Number
Lancaster County - Main Effects
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
18" 24" 36" Non Maxifort
Avg
fru
it w
eig
ht
(lb
s)
AB
LSD based on P=0.01
Marketable Fruit Size
Lancaster County - Main Effects: Grafting
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep 26-Sep 10-Oct 24-Oct
Cu
mu
lati
ve m
arke
tab
le y
ield
(to
ns/
acre
)
Non-grafted
Maxifort
P<0.01
Yield Dynamics
Lancaster County - Main Effects: Plant Spacing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
18-Jul 1-Aug 15-Aug 29-Aug 12-Sep 26-Sep 10-Oct 24-Oct
Cu
mu
lati
ve
ma
rke
tab
le y
ield
(to
ns
/ac
re)
18"
24"
36"
P<0.01
Yield Dynamics
P<0.01
Marketable Yield (lbs/plant)
Plant Spacing Non-grafted Maxifort
18" 20.89 24.48
24" 26.95 31.59
36" 34.12 43.45
Per Plant Productivity
None graftedNone grafted
GraftedGrafted
None graftedNone grafted
GraftedGrafted
Non GraftedNon Grafted
GraftedGrafted
The Bottom The Bottom line…line…Grafted-55.9 tons/A Grafted-55.9 tons/A
4,472- 25lb boxes/A4,472- 25lb boxes/A
Non-Grafted-46.5 tons/A Non-Grafted-46.5 tons/A
3,720- 25 lb. boxes/A3,720- 25 lb. boxes/A
20% increase in 20% increase in yieldyield
The Bottom The Bottom line…line…
9.4 more tons per acre9.4 more tons per acre Or, 752 more boxes per acreOr, 752 more boxes per acre @ $12.00 per box (#1’s and @ $12.00 per box (#1’s and
#2’s) = $9,024 increase#2’s) = $9,024 increase Or, $1.88 per plant increaseOr, $1.88 per plant increase
How much does it cost to How much does it cost to graft?graft?
Healing chamberHealing chamber Labor costsLabor costs Grow 2 sets of plantsGrow 2 sets of plants
Cary Rivard, Graduate Research AssistantNorth Carolina State University-Technical advisor
Is Grafting in your future?
Permanent Cover Cropping SystemPermanent Cover Cropping System
Steve GroffSteve GroffCedar Meadow Farm Cedar Meadow Farm
Holtwood, PA Holtwood, PA
steve@cedarmeadowfarm.steve@cedarmeadowfarm.
comcom
www.cedarmeadowfarm.com
• Fall fumigation did not reduce disease incidence and had no effect on fruit yield. Fumigation should have been done in the spring.
• ‘Maxifort’ rootstock increased yield across at all levels of plant spacing and fumigation.– Fruit size and number
• Similar per acre yields were seen with half the number of grafted plants.
• Increased spacing and ‘Maxifort’ slowed early season production.
• Per plant yield was increased by 4-10 lbs/plant with ‘Maxifort.
Summary
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