ammonia sphere, anhydrous ammonia spherical tanks

8/10/2019 Ammonia Sphere, Anhydrous Ammonia Spherical Tanks

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http://www.ammoniasphere.com/

AMMONIA SPHERE

Introduction of Anhydrous Ammonia Sphere:-

Anhydrous Ammonia Spherical Tanks

Uses and Properties of Ammonia:

Ammonia is a colorless, toxic gas with a strong irritating odor. It is manufactured in large

quantities for industrial purposes and is used in the production of nitric acid, fertilizers, and

explosives etc.

We are exporters and manufacturer of Ammonia Sphere, Ammonia Storage Sphere, Ammonia

Spherical Tank, Ammonia Horton spheres, Diameter ranging from 10000 mm to 22000 mm &

thickness upto 72mm, as well as Refrigerated spheres for Butadiene & Ammonia storage.

The spheres are designed as per ASME Sec. VIII Div.1, ASME Sec. VIII Div.2. Codap 2000, AS

1210 and BS 5500 codes. We have executed storage facility including Mechanical, Civil, Piping,

Instrumentation and Electrical.

Technical Specification of Ammonia Horton sphere:

Design Pressure: 12 Bar to 28 bar

Design Code: PD 5500, CODAP 2000, ASME SECTION VIII DIV 1 & 2, AD MERKBLATTER AND

OTHERS.

Design Temperature: - 46 Deg C to + 70 Deg C

Volume: 200m3 to 12000m3 for each sphere

We use various international design codes for designing of Ammonia Sphere as follows:

PD 5500: Specification for unfired Fusion welded pressure vessels

EEMUA: Guide for design, construction and use mounded horizontal cylindrical vessels for

pressurized storage of AMMONIA at ambient temperatures

EEMUA 190: Selection criteria AMMONIA storage systems

ASME sec. VIII Div. 1 and 2

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Storage of Ammonia Spherical Tank:

1. Mainly used for storing many kinds of liquefied gas and chemical liquid

2. Volume varies from 200 to 12,000m3.

3. Material varies from high alloy steel to stainless steel.

4. The manufacture of spherical tanks includes making spherical shells, field installation, field

welding and a series of tests

Advantages of Ammonia sphere:

Less Land Area,

Uniform Stress Distribution,

Large Storage Volume,

High Quality And Low Cost

Spherical tanks are used for different storage like:

AMMONIA Storage

Ethylene Storage

Ammonium Nitrate Storage

VCM (Vinyl chloride Monomer) Storage

Ammonia Storage

Propane storage

We also Manufacturer of Different types of Ammonia tank.

Ammonia Storage tank

Anhydrous ammonia from production plants is either used directly in downstream plants or

Transferred to storage tanks. From these the ammonia can be transferred to road tankers, rail

tank cars or ships.

Emissions during normal operation are negligible. Major leaks of ammonia from storage tanks

are almost unknown with most of the leaks which do occur being during transport or transfer. A

well designed, constructed, operated and maintained installation has a very low probability of

an ammonia leak of hazardous proportions.

Ammonia is usually stored by using one or other of three methods:-

Fully refrigerated storage in large tanks

Send Enquiry

Contact us

BNH Gas Tanks

B-23, Maya Nagari, Dapodi, Pune - 411012,

Maharashtra, India.

Phone: +91-20-30686720 / 21 / 22

Mobile: +91-9823616678, 9822076167

You Can Send Us Email Here

Other products:

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CHLORINE GASChlorine Gas Tank

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ETHYLENE GASEthylene Gas TankEthylene TankEthylene Oxide Tank

FUEL TANKSFixed Roof TankFloating Roof TankPetroleum Vessels

GPL GASGPL Gas TanksGPL Reservoirs

HYDROGEN GASHydrogen Gas Vessel

IMO TANKIMO 7 TankIMO TankIMO Tank Container

ISO TANKISO Tank

LIQUID GASLiquid Gas Tank


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Pressurised storage spheres

Semi-refrigerated tanks

Ammonia Spherical Pressure Vessel:

This type of vessel is preferred for storage of high pressure fluids. A sphere is a very strong

structure. The even distribution of stresses on the sphere's surfaces, both internally and

externally, generally means that there are no weak points. Spheres however, are much more

costly to manufacture than cylindrical vessels.

Storage Spheres need ancillary equipment similar to tank storage - e.g. Access manholes,

Pressure / Vacuum vent that is set to prevent venting loss from boiling and breathing loss from

daily temperature or barometric pressure changes, Access ladders, Earthing points, etc.

An advantage of spherical storage vessels is, that they have a smaller surface area per unit

volume than any other shape of vessel. This means, that the quantity of heat transferred from

warmer surroundings to the liquid in the sphere, will be less than that for cylindrical or

rectangular storage vessels.

SAFETY IN STORAGE & HANDLING OF AMMONIA

Ammonia is the single largest hazardous chemical manufactured, stored and transported

worldwide. Ammonia is manufactured at elevated temperature and pressure in presence of

promoted Iron catalyst.

Types of Tanks:

Small volumes of ammonia are stored in cylindrical horizontal bullets or spheres designed for

ambient temperature and with no refrigeration. This is definitely the safest system, but it

cannot store large volumes at reasonable cost.

We BNH Gas Tanks undertake the Project Execution on LSTK / EPCC (Engineering,

Procurement, and Construction & Commissioning) basis.

The scope of EPCC Contracts includes:

Design and Detailed Engineering

Fabrication, Testing, Procurement, Erection of Spherical tanks and piping

Safety measures like Fire Fighting etc.

Supply and Installation of entire sphere

Ground Improvement & Civil works

Electrical and Instrumentation work

We manufacture Ammonia spherical tanks. We have in-house design department, which is

capable of designing Spheres with international codes such as ASME, PD 5500, DIN. The

volume range from 200 m3 to 12000 M3. The Spheres are provided with all accessories like

safety fittings, valves, pipelines, Excess flow valves, internal valves as per requirement. The

above photographs shown manufacturing of Ammonia sphere consisting of various activities

like Pressing of plates at shop , Pre fabrication of Equator , Polar and crown plates , Legs or

columns for sphere, Radiography welding, NDT testing, Erection at site, Hydrotesting and

coating of Ammonia spheres.

Total Project Commissioning for BULLET:

5 x 3100 cum. Ammonia Sphere

4 x 1500 cum. Ammonia Spherical tank

4 x 6000 m3 Ammonia ball tank

4 x 4200 cum. Anhydrous Ammonia Sphere 2 x 2000 cum. Ammonia Horton sphere.

4 x 8200 cum. Ammonia Spheres

Material of construction: SA 537 CL 1, SA 516 GR 70, BS 1501-1 225 490 A, EN 10028-3

P355NL2 AND OTHERS

Safety Design Features

Remote operated fire-safe emergency shut off valves

Redundancy of level instruments

Manhole at top of sphere.

Insulation / fireproofing of sphere & supports.

Paving and sloping of diking / impounding / ground underneath

Leak detection, deluge and sprinkler system.

Advantages / Comparison of Ammonia Sphere and Ammonia Mounded Bullets

IS MOUNDED BULLET FOR STORING Ammonia IS BETTER THAN USING

SPHERE? AND WHY?The choice between a bullet and a sphere is a matter of economics and project logistics. So one

is better than the other only in the matter of which has a cheaper overall installed cost.

The sphere of course uses less material than a bullet for the same amount of liquid storage but

is somewhat more difficult to fabricate. The diameter for shipping of a storage tank is in the

order of 10 to 14 feet depending on the method of transport. This would limit a sphere's

storage capacity if it is shop fabricated. For a 10 foot diameter tank, you can get 10 or more

times the storage in a bullet than a sphere. For this reason, you usually only see spheres used

for very large volumes (maybe in the order of 300,000 gallons or more) because they must be

field fabricated to compete with the bullet in cost.

For smaller storage tanks, the bullets are preferred because they can be shop fabricated and

more easily transported.

COMPARISION OF AMMONIA SPHERES WITH AMMONIA STORAGE TANKS:

Oil And Gas Storage TankGas Tank Installation

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NITROGENLiquid Nitrogen TankNitrogen Gas TankLNG Storage TanksNitrous Oxide Gas Tank

SURGE VESSELSSurge Vessels

OXYGENOxygen Gas Tank

PROPANEPropane Underground TanksPropane SpheresPropane Spherical TanksPropane Storage TankUsed Propane Tank

PROPYLENE GASPropylene Gas TankPropylene Oxide TanksPropylene Storage TanksPropylene Tank

SYN GAS

Syn Gas TankCoal Bedded Methane Gas Tank

ARGON TANKSArgon Tanks

CNG STORAGE TANKSCNG Storage Tanks

DESALINATION PLANTSLime Stone Filter Tanks


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1) Least initial investment and financial risk in case of Ammonia multiple storage tanks as

compared to sphere of similar or larger volume.

2) Ammonia sphere of same volume needs more time for construction as compared to

Ammonia multiple storage tanks.

3) Ammonia multiple storage tanks makes the project faster, economical, easier and will in turn

help the company to start the terminal as soon as possible which in turn will generate good

immediate returns.

4) Ammonia Storage tanks are much safer since it weight is distributed evenly on a larger area

thus reducing chances of collapse as compared to sphere, especially in small islands prone to

earth quakes, cyclones and Tsunami as can be verified from the recent incident in Japan where

a row of Ammonia sphere went under severe fire condition.

5) Multiple Ammonia storage tanks have an added advantage that the load is distributed over alarger area thus the problem of uneven settlement / collapse is largely reduced.

6) In case of installations with Multiple Ammonia storage tanks if there is any problem /

maintenance / repair / breakdown of any one tank the outlet and inlet valves of the same can

be closed and the tank can be isolated, also in case of emergency the Ammonia product in the

tank under repair / maintenance can be easily transferred to another tank located in the same

plant thus increasing safety of the plant. Whereas in case of sphere if there is any problem with

the sphere or its valves or pipeline the entire plant comes to a stand still (This is a loss to the

company in terms of business loss, product loss, as well as extra demurrage that the company

may have to pay to the shipping company if unfortunately the Ammonia ship also arrives the

same time when the sphere has generated a possible breakdown). But in case of multiple

storage tanks even if one of the tank generate a possible breakdown and the Ammonia ship

also arrives the same time still the Ammonia from the ship can be unloaded to the remaining

tanks and the company will have to incur least loss due to ship demurrage.

7) Though there is a common notion that for the same volume a sphere has the least surface

area and least thickness and hence lesser weight and less cost but our past experience

suggests that weight saved in making a sphere as compared to storage tank is lost as wastagein the development of various sections (petals and crown) thus leaving little or no benefit of the

weight saved.

8) The fabrication cost increases considerably in case of sphere as compared to multiple

Ammonia storage tanks , since the sections have to be pre fabricated at shop, shipped to site,

adjusted, assembled and welded at site piece by piece in proper sequence, heat treated,

radiographed and tested at site. Fabrication of sphere requires lot of time since the petals /

sections are required to be assembled piece by piece in proper sequence and completion of one

stage is entirely dependent on completion of the earlier stage as so on and so forth. More over

there is a continuous requirement of close monitoring, blockage of all construction equipments

and manpower till the entire completion of work sequence by sequence, this makes the

fabrication of sphere still more costlier and time consuming as regards to blockage of

manpower, machinery rent etc.

9) Sphere once fabricated cannot be moved or relocated from one place to another and if in

case any relocation (due to sale of plant or plant relocation) is required the sphere has to be

cut into several small pieces and transported to site and then reassembled and re-fabricated at

new site this is as good as manufacturing a brand new sphere at site and hence the after sale

value of a sphere is much less and as compared to Ammonia storage tanks which can be soldout for good returns.

Why is Ammonia stored in spherical tanks?

A sphere is a very strong structure. The even distribution of stresses on the sphere's surfaces,

both internally and externally, generally means that there are no weak points. That's why a

drop of water forms a spherical shape when under free fall, in short; it achieves a shape where

all the resultant stresses neutralize when no external force (gravity) is acting on it. Moreover,

they have a smaller surface area per unit volume than any other shape of vessel. This means,

that the quantity of heat transferred from warmer surroundings to the liquid in the sphere, will

be less than that for cylindrical or rectangular storage vessels. Thus less pressurization due to

external heat.

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ammonia sphere, anhydrous ammonia spherical tanks

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