ammonia, anhydrous compilation revision ” s.a

Zaklady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.

Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) 1907/2006

SDS-ZChP- 001/10

version 06

Ammonia, anhydrous The date of:

compilation revision

02.11.2010 13.07.2018

SECTION 1: Identification of the substance and of the company/undertaking 1.1. Product identifier

Product name Ammonia, anhydrous

Synonyms Ammonia, liquid ammonia, liquefied ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, ammonia synthetic

Molecular formula NH3

CAS Number 7664-41-7

EC Number 231-635-3

Registration number 01-2119488876-14-0033

1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Use of ammonia: for production of mineral fertilizers, urea, nitric acid, soda ash; refrigerant in cooling systems; ph-regulators; ink and toners; coatings and paints; leather tanning dye, finishing, impregnation and care products; heat transfer fluids; washing and cleaning products; washing and cleaning products. 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet

Grupa Azoty Zaklady Chemiczne „Police” S.A. Internet: grupaazoty.com

Kuznicka 1, 72-010 Police, Poland Phone no: + 48 91 317 1090

Tele-Fax no: + 48 91 317 3103

A person responsible for Safety Data

Sheet

e-mail: [email protected]

1.4. Emergency telephone number

Chief Dispatcher Alarm telephone no: + 48 91 317 1616 (24h) Telephone no: + 48 91 317 4201 (24h)

SECTION 2: Hazards identification 2.1. Classification of the substance

Hazard Class and Category Code Flam. Gas 2, Press. Gas, Acute Tox. 3, Skin Corr. 1B, Aquatic Acute 1, Aquatic Chronic 2

Hazard Statement H221, H280, H314, H331, H400, H411

Additional hazard classes EUH071

Note U

M-factor 1

Ammonia, anhydrous Safety Data Sheet of 12

Specific concentration limits:

Concentration (%) Classification

≥ 25 Skin Corr. 1B, STOT SE 3, Aquatic Acute 1, Aquatic Chronic 2

≥ 5 < 25 Skin Corr. 1B, STOT SE 3, Aquatic Chronic 3

≥ 2,5 < 5 Skin Irrit. 2, Aquatic Chronic 3

≥ 1 < 2,5 Skin Irrit. 2

Explanation phrases in section 16 Human Heath effects Ammonia is toxic by the inhalation. Ammonia is corrosive to all body parts. Pouring liquid of ammonia can cause severe frostbite.

Skin effect Pouring liquid of ammonia can cause severe frostbite of the skin. Ammonia vapors are irritating to the skin in the presence of moisture.

Eyes effect Pouring liquid of ammonia can contribute to lasting damage to the eyes, ammonia effects may be visible after several days. Vapors can cause irritation and watering of the eyes and serious damage when concentration is high.

Swallowing Causes immediate and serious corrosion damage to the oral tract.

Inhalation Odor threshold for ammonia is 0.4 mg/m3. Concentrations of 50 - 100 mg/m3 after a certain period of time may cause slight irritation. Level 400 - 700 mg/m3 may cause immediate irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, gently teasing the upper airway. Slight irritation persists for some time after exposure. At higher concentrations, above 1.0 g/m3, severe eye irritation and upper respiratory tract can occur in a short time. Breathing air containing more than 2.0 g/m3 of ammonia, even in a short period of time can lead to serious damage to the lungs and be fatal. Staying in an atmosphere far exceeding the permitted maximum concentration of ammonia in the workplace can lead to permanent damage to the respiratory tract.

Long - term effects There is no evidence for negative effects of ammonia on the organism when present in an environment below their maximum permissible concentration in the workplace.

Environmental effects Ammonia is toxic to aquatic life. Other risks Fire, heat and explosion

Flammable, but it is difficult to ignite in the air. In confined spaces in a mixture with air can be flammable/explosive.

Risk of rupture of the tank during its heating.

Large spills of ammonia causing dense fog limiting visibility.


2.2. Label elements

Pictogram

GHS04 GHS05 GHS06 GHS09

Signal Word Danger

Hazard Statement H221, H280, H314, H331, H410

Precautionary Statement P260, P273 P301+P330+P331 P303+P361+P353 P304+P340 P305+P351+P338 P403+P233

EUH071

Explanation phrases in section 16 2.3. Other hazards Ammonia is neither a PBT nor a vPvB substance.

SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients 3.1. Substances Anhydrous ammonia (NH3 min. 99.85%) with low water content (typically below 1500 ppm).

Dangerous ingredient % CAS number EC number (EINECS)

Ammonia, anhydrous 99.85 - 99.95 7664-41-7 231-635-3

SECTION 4: First aid measures 4.1. Description of first aid measures

Inhalation Move patient to fresh air. Monitor respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty in breathing develops, respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis should be consider. Trained people should administer oxygen with assistance of ventilation if required. Administer artificial respiration if patient is not breathing. Get medical help immediately.

Skin contact Flush exposed area immediately with big amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes and then wash area thoroughly with soap and water. The patient should be seen in a health care facility if irritation or pain persists. Clothing may adhere to the skin in case of frostbite. Proceed to thaw out with great care using cold water (tap water) and soak in cold water (eg, hands). Carefully remove contaminated clothing and continue rinsing with water burned body parts. Obtain immediate medical attention.

Eye contact Flush exposed area immediately with big amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, excessive tearing, or light sensitivity persists, the patient should be seen in a health care facility and send to an ophthalmologist. Keep the eyelids open when flushing. Remove contact lenses, if


present and easy to do - continue rinsing. Continue rinsing until doctor arrives.

Swallowing Call a doctor. If conscious, give the patient milk or water to drink immediately. Do not induce vomiting. Get medical help immediately.

Caution: Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. 4.2. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Because of the danger of sudden and sustained swelling of the trachea, bronchi or lungs, the injured undergoes medical observation. 4.3. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Damage to the eyes may occur over time.

SECTION 5: Firefighting measures 5.1. Extinguishing media

Suitable extinguishing media Stopping the flow of gas rather than extinguishing the fire is usually the best procedure to follow when escaping gas is burning. Small Fire: - Dry chemical or CO2 Large Fire - Water spray, fog or foam.

Unsuitable extinguishing media Do not get water inside container.

5.2. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Ammonia vapor and leaks of liquid ammonia are difficult to ignite, especially outdoors. In the indoor facilities mixture of ammonia and air (in the range of concentrations from 15 to 28%) in case of initiation of ignition can cause an explosion. Cold, dense cloud of ammonia can cause deterioration of visibility. Do not get water inside container. Move container from fire area if it is possible to do without risk. Use water spray to cool tanks and buildings exposed to fire. Stay away from tanks due to explosion possibility when tanks are involved in a fire. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Avoid breathing of the gas formulated during fire. 5.3. Advice for firefighters Use water spray or foam to control vapour. Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) should be used when there is a potential for inhalation of vapors and/or fumes. Chemical protective clothing that is safe for use with ammonia involved in a fire should be worn.

SECTION 6: Accidental release measures 6.1. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Fully isolating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Use water spray or foam to control vapors. Stop leak if you can do so without risk. Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind, out of low areas and ventilate closed spaces before entering. Evaluate the affected area to determine whether evacuation is necessary or shelter-in-place by taping windows and doors, shutting off outside air intakes (attic fans, etc), and placing a wet towel or cloth over the face (if needed). Proper training, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and proper firefighter’s protective clothing used in conjunction with water spray will provide limited protection in outdoor releases for short-term exposure.


Depending on the level of risk in emergency situations to dress:

mask with canister type K, class P2 according to EN 141,

isolating protective equipment with compressed air for respiratory system,

gas-tight clothing for ammonia. 6.2. Environmental precautions

In case of spillage or leakage (no fire), completely airtight protective clothing must be worn. Use a water spray or foam.

Stop the leak as soon as possible with the participation of trained personnel.

Protect drains against substances penetration.

Ventilate the room where the spill occurred to disperse the vapors.

Proceed with caution to avoid water pollution.

Remove sources of ignition. 6.3. Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Mixing water and liquid ammonia will increase vaporization rate. Do not put water on liquid ammonia unless more than 100 volumes of water are available for each volume of liquid ammonia.

Consider coverage of flood with foam to reduce the evaporation ammonia.

If possible, the spilled ammonia should be pumped into the tank (or container).

To eliminate the cloud of gas spread use water spray. Do not direct water directly to the large pools of ammonia.

Proceed with caution to avoid contamination of watercourses.

Inform appropriate authorities in case of contamination of watercourses or sewers.

Hazards associated with spills or leaks of liquid ammonia can be eliminated by neutralizing with the diluted sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, or diluting with water. Ammonia diluted with water (to concentrations below 25%) and neutralized with acid (formed ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate) can be used as a fertilizer.

6.4. Reference to other sections In case of accidental release of ammonia, people involved in the action must necessarily use personal protective equipment for respiratory tract, eyes and skin - see Section 8.

SECTION 7: Handling and storage 7.1. Precautions for safe handling Use proper personal protective equipment when working with or close to ammonia. Skin protection is required for exposure to liquid, mist and gas or vapour. Neoprene or rubber gloves, ammonia resistant clothing (overalls, jacket, and boots) or vapor suit, if required. Use (indirectly vented) goggles when there is potential for contact with liquid or mist. A full-face shield is recommended for additional protection. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and inhalation of ammonia vapor. Use adequate mechanical ventilation. Carry out the measurements of ammonia in ambient air in order to examine whether the level is below the allowable concentration at the workplace. If there is a danger of leakage or spillage, wear full protective clothing. Open containers with caution (because of the possibility of producing hypertension in it). Safety shower and eyewash fountain should be provided in the ammonia handling area. 7.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Keep container tightly closed in a cool, well ventilated place, away from heat, fire and sunlight. Keep them away from sources of heat, ignition and substances reacting with


ammonia. Prohibit smoking in storage areas. Protect containers from corrosion and mechanical damage. Disposal according to the company and the country's regulations and instructions for storage 7.3. Specific end use(s) Exposure scenarios for identified uses are attached to this safety data sheet.

SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection 8.1. Control parameters

Limit value – Eight hours

Limit value – Short term

mg/m³ mg/m³

European Union 14 36

Austria 14 36

France 7 14

Ireland 14 36

Germany 14 28

Italy 14 36

Poland 14 28

Spain 14 36

Sweden 14 36

United Kingdom 18 25

Source of information: http://limitvalue.ifa.dguv.de/

DNEL1 for workers

Acute- systemic effects Dermal 6.8 mg/kg bw/d

Acute- systemic effects Inhalation 47.6 mg/m³

Acute- local effects Inhalation 36 mg/m³

Long-term- systemic effects Dermal 6.8 mg/kg bw/d

Long-term- systemic effects Inhalation 47.6 mg/m³

Long-term- local effects Inhalation 14 mg/m³

DNEL for the general population

Acute- systemic effects Dermal 68 mg/kg bw/d

Acute- systemic effects Inhalation 23.8 mg/m³

Acute- systemic effects Oral 6.8 mg/kg bw/d

Acute- local effects Inhalation 7.2 mg/m³

Long-term- systemic effects Dermal 68 mg/kg bw/d

Long-term- systemic effects Inhalation 23.8 mg/m³

Long-term- systemic effects Oral 6.8 mg/kg bw/d

Long-term- local effects Inhalation 2.8 mg/m³

PNEC2

PNEC aqua (freshwater) 0.0011 mg/L

PNEC aqua (marine water) 0.0011 mg/L

PNEC aqua (intermittent releases) 0.0068 mg/L

8.2. Exposure controls Exposure scenarios for identified uses are attached to this safety data sheet.

Personal protection measures.

1 DNEL Derived No-Effect Level 2 PNEC Predicted No-Effect Concentration


- Install LEV where it’s necessary. - Safety shower and eyewash fountain should be provided in the ammonia handling

area.

Eye protection: Safety goggles or face shield. Skin protection: Wear tightly fitting protective clothing. Hand protection: Protective gloves (rubber, butyl). Respiratory protection: Posses gas mask with ammonia filter.

SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties 9.1. Information on basic physical and chemical properties Substance type Inorganic compound

Appearance/physical state/colour Colourless gas

Melting point –780C (decomposes)

Boiling point –330C

Particle size distribution Study not required as the substance is marketed or used in a non-solid or granular form.

Vapour pressure at 20°C 8611 hPa

Partition Coefficient Not required as test substance is inorganic

Water solubility at 20°C 510-531 g/L

Surface Tension at 25°C Not required

Flash point The substance is inorganic so therefore the flash point does not need to be measured.

Auto flammability 6510C

Flammability Flammable

Explosiveness No explosive properties.

Oxidising properties No oxidising properties. The test substance does not contain any oxygen or halogen atoms.

Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products

The study does not need to be conducted if the substance is inorganic.

Dissociation constant at 25 °C pKa = 9.25

Viscosity The substance is a gas at room temperature: this endpoint is not relevant.

9.2. Other information No other information.

SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity 10.1. Reactivity Ammonia is potentially explosive, reacts violently with halides, strong oxidisers, nitric acid, fluorine, nitrogen oxide, acrylaldehyde, acrylic acid, dimethyl sulphate, silver nitrate, silver oxide, hypochlorites, carbon dioxide, nitrogen trichloride, ethylene oxide. Ammonia forms explosive mixtures with air and hydrocarbons, ethanol and silver nitrate and chlorine. Explosive mixtures are formed from the reaction of ammonia with silver chloride, silver oxide, bromine, iodine, gold, mercury and tellurium halides. 10.2. Chemical stability This is a stable material; hazardous polymerisation will not occur. To a small extent dissociates at 840-930oC. 10.3. Possibility of hazardous reactions


Ammonia is incompatible, has potentially hazardous reactions with silver, acetaldehyde, acrylaldehyde, boron, halogens, perchlorates, chloric acid, chlorine monoxide, chlorites, dinitrogen tetroxide, tin and sulphur. 10.4. Conditions to avoid Physical damage or heating of tanks, containers etc. 10.5. Incompatible materials Ammonia solutions are corrosive to copper, zinc, aluminum and their alloys. 10.6. Hazardous decomposition products Hydrogen is released when heating above 454°C. The decomposition temperature may be lowered to 300°C by contact with certain metals such as nickel. At 690°C or in the presence of an electric spark, ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen gases, which may form a flammable mixture in the air.

SECTION 11: Toxicological information Skin contact

Vapour in the presence of moisture is irritant to the skin. Pouring liquid ammonia or its vapor can cause chemical burns or frostbite.

Eye contact

Low concentrations of vapor may cause irritation or catering of the eyes, higher concentrations (greater than 1000 mg/m3) can cause severe damage. Pouring liquid ammonia can cause permanent eye damage. Symptoms may occur after several days.

Inhalation

Odor threshold is 0.4 mg/m3. Concentration of 50 - 100 mg/m3 in most people causes irritation. Depending on the concentration of ammonia vapor, immediate irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, coughing and difficulty breathing may occur. Staying at higher concentrations, even for a short period of time can lead to acute lung injury. Even after 48 hours from the time spent in an atmosphere of high concentrations of ammonia pulmonary edema can occur, which can cause death of the victim. EU criterion of toxicity for gases and vapors: Median lethal concentration - 500 to 2000 mg/m3 for 4-hour exposure. Staying in rooms in which ammonia concentration far exceeds the maximum allowable concentration for the workplace can lead to serious damage to the respiratory tract.

Swallowing Causes immediate corrosion and damage to the oral tract.

11.1. Information on toxicological effects

Acute toxicity LD503 (oral) 350 mg/kg bw/day Male Wistar rats

Irritation/Corrosivity Skin Corrosive

Eye Highly irritating

Inhalation Irritating

Sensitization - Not sensitizing

Repeated dose toxicity NOAEL4 (oral) 68 mg/kg bw/day (35 days Crj: CD(SD) male and female rats)

NOAEC5 (inhalation) 35 mg/m3 (50 days Male Wistar rats)

3 LD50 Median Lethal Dose 4 NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level


Mutagenicity - Genetic toxicity: negative

Carcinogenicity NOAEL (oral) 67 mg/kg bw/day

Toxicity for reproduction

Effects on fertility NOAEL (oral)

408 mg/kg bw/day

Developmental toxicity NOAEL (oral) NOAEC ( inhalation)

100 mg/kg bw/day 25 mg/m³

SECTION 12: Ecological information

12.1. Toxicity Ammonia does not fulfill the T criteria. Aquatic compartment (including sediment)

Short-term toxicity to fish LC50 for freshwater fish: 0.068 mg/L (Onchorynchus mykiss)

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

EC506/LC50 for freshwater invertebrates: 110 mg/L (Daphnia magna)

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

EC10/LC10 or NOEC7 for freshwater invertebrates: 0.79 mg/L (Daphnia magna)

Algae and aquatic plants EC50/LC50 for freshwater algae: 2700 mg/L (Chlorella vulgaris)

Effects on aquatic plants other than algae

Ammonia is assimilated by aquatic plants for use as a nitrogen source and is therefore predicted to be of low toxicity.

Sediment organisms No data are available: a waiver is proposed for this endpoint as ammonia does not accumulate in sediments.

Toxicity to microorganisms Ammonia is used as a source of nitrogen by microorganisms and is also produced by bacteria from other nitrogenous compounds. Testing is not relevant.

Terrestrial compartment Ammonia applied directly to the soil is rapidly converted to other forms by bacteria in the nitrate cycle. Exposure of soil macro-organisms is therefore not predicted. 12.2. Persistence and degradability Ammonia does not fulfill the P or vP criteria. 12.3. Bioaccumulative potential Ammonia does not fulfill the B or vB criteria. 12.4. Mobility in soil Very soluble in water. NH4+ ion is adsorbed by the soil. 12.5. Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Ammonia is neither a PBT nor a vPvB substance. 12.6. Other adverse effects No data.

SECTION 13: Disposal considerations

5 NOAEC No Observed Adverse Effects Concentration 6 EC50 Half maximal effective concentration 7 NOEC No Observed Effect Concentration


13.1. Waste treatment methods Product remains, including packaging wastes, transfer to the specialized companies with an appropriate waste management permit. European Waste Code: 16 05 04* – gases in pressure containers (including halons) containing dangerous substances Regulation/legislation:

Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Official Journal of the European Union of 22.11.2008, L312/3 with later changes),

Commission Decision of 18 December 2014 amending Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance (Official Journal of the European Union of 30.12.2014, L370/44 with later changes).

SECTION 14: Transport information Transportation:

road, car vehicles - orange, reflective warning boards,

railway, cars - warning sticker No. 2.3, No. 8 + Environmentally hazardous substance mark, tankers and railway tankers - orange warning boards with identification numbers

1005

268,

warning label No. 2.3 No. 8 and mark 14.1. UN number UN number 1005, hazard identification: 268 Class 2 gases, group of 2.3; toxic gas. 14.2. UN proper shipping name AMMONIA, ANHYDROUS 14.3. Transport hazard class(es) ADR (roads transport): class 2, classification code 2TC, label: 2.3, 8 + Environmentally hazardous substance mark. RID (railway): class 2, label: 2.3, 8 + Environmentally hazardous substance mark. In addition, tank wagon must be marked with orange no reflective belt width of approximately 30 cm, which surrounds the tank at the height of the axis of the tank. IMDG (see transport): class 2, code IMDG 2016; label: 2.3, 8 + Environmentally hazardous substance mark. 14.4. Packing group Not applicable. 14.5. Environmental hazards See section 12. 14.6. Special precautions for user


As for hazardous materials. See section 11. 14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code Not applicable.

SECTION 15: Regulatory information 15.1. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18th December 2006 concerning Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 793/93 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 as well as Council Directive 76/769/EEC and Commission Directives 91/155/EEC, 93/67/EEC, 93/105/EEC and 2000/21/EC. (Official Journal of the European Union of 30.12.2006, L 396. with later changes)

Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (Official Journal of the European Union of 31.12.2008, L 353. with later changes)

15.2. Chemical safety assessment The chemical safety assessment has been made.

SECTION 16: Other information

H phrases H221 - Flammable gas H280 - Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated H314 - Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H331 - Toxic if inhaled H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. H411 - Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

P phrases P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P260 - Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P301+P330+P331 - IF SWALLOWED: rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P303+P361+P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower. P304+P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305+P351+P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P403+P233 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.

Category Code

Flam. Gas 2 - Flammable gas category 2 Press. Gas - Gases under pressure Acute Tox. 3 - Acute toxicity category 3 Skin Corr. 1B - Skin corrosion category 1B Aquatic Acute 1 - Hazardous to the aquatic environment - aquatic acute category 1 Aquatic Chronic 2 - Hazardous to the aquatic environment - aquatic chronic category 2


Aquatic Chronic 3 - Hazardous to the aquatic environment - aquatic chronic category 3 STOT SE 3 - Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Skin Irrit. 2 – Skin irritation category 2

EUH phrases EUH071 - Corrosive to the respiratory tract.

Training Persons involved in handling of hazardous substance should be trained in scope of health and safety. Drivers should be trained and obtain proper certificate in accordance with the requirements of ADR.

Changes Section 1, 8, 13.

Attachments: ES02 Distribution and formulation

ES03 Use of ammonia as an intermediate in the chemicals industry

ES04 Industrial end use: Use of ammonia as a processing aid, non-processing aid and auxiliary agent

ES05 Wide dispersive end use: Professional uses of anhydrous and aqueous ammonia

ES06 Wide dispersive end use: Consumer uses of aqueous ammonia

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.

EXPOSURE SCENARIO ES 02

ES-02/SDS-ZChP - 001/10

version 02

Ammonia, anhydrous

The date of:


02.11.2010 14.03.2012

ES 02 – Distribution and formulation 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Distribution and formulation.

Sector of end use (SU):

SU1 Agriculture, forestry, fishery

SU8 Manufacture of bulk, large scale chemicals (including petroleum products)

SU9 Manufacture of fine chemicals

SU10 Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or repackaging (excluding alloys)

SU24 Scientific research and development

Market sector by type of chemical product (PC):

– Not applicable

List of names of contributing worker scenarios and corresponding PROCs:

PROC1 Use in closed process, no likelihood of exposure

PROC2 Use in closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure

PROC3 Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)

PROC4 Use in batch and other process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises

PROC5 Mixing or blending in batch processes for formulation of preparations and articles (multistage and/or significant contact)

PROC8a Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at non dedicated facilities

PROC8b Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at dedicated facilities

PROC9 Transfer of substance or preparation into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)

PROC15 Use as laboratory reagent

Name of contributing environmental scenario and corresponding ERC:

ERC2 Formulation of preparations

Article category related to subsequent service life (AC):

– Not applicable

2. Environmental exposure controls

ERC 2

Product Characteristics Physical state of product: liquid.

Concentration of substance in mixture or articles

Not applicable

Amounts used Manufactured anhydrous liquid ammonia (>99.5 % wt) is distributed widely to many industrial and municipality users. Anhydrous liquid ammonia is transported to chemical formulation facilities which produce aqueous solutions of ammonia. Aqueous ammonia products are then distributed to a wide range of industrial end users and is also used to produce products for professional and

EXPOSURE SCENARIO ES02 Ammonia, anhydrous Page 2 of 7

consumer users.

Frequency and duration of use

Emission days per site 330-360 d/y.

Environmental factors not influenced by risk management

No data

Other given operational conditions affecting environmental exposure

Distribution and formulation of ammonia is carried out by continuous or batch processes indoors and outdoors in closed systems. Processes involve storage, charging, loading, transfer and filling containers. Manufactured anhydrous liquid ammonia is stored and transported as a liquid under pressure by rail, road or water in specialized, authorized containers (e.g. tanks and tank trucks approved for transporting ammonia). Anhydrous liquid ammonia is used to produce aqueous ammonia solutions (5-25% w/w). The anhydrous liquid ammonia product is transported to chemical manufacturing facilities by rail or road where it is blended with deionised water to produce solutions of aqueous ammonia that are used for a broad range of applications.

Technical conditions and measures at process level (source) to prevent release

The formulation of aqueous ammonia solutions and the distribution of ammonia in aqueous and anhydrous forms involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems

Technical on-site conditions and measures to reduce or limit discharges, air emissions and release to soil

In reality removal of ammonia in sewage treatment plants is highly efficient being removed first by nitrification to nitrate followed by denitrification resulting in the release of nitrogen gas. Complete consumption within the STP can be assumed. Upon contact with soil, ammonia will be rapidly converted by a variety of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi to ammonium (NH4

+) by the process of ammonification or mineralization. Ammonium is then rapidly converted to nitrate. Nitrate is subsequently taken up and utilized by plants or returned to the atmosphere following denitrification; the metabolic reduction of nitrate into nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. The most likely fate of ammonium ions in soils is conversion to nitrates by nitrification. Therefore accumulation of concentrations of ammonia in soil and groundwater will not be expected.

Risk management measures - air

Release to air 7.58 x 104 kg/day.

Risk management measures - water

Release to wastewater 6.06 x 104 kg/day.

Risk management measures - soil

Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil 0.

Risk management measures - other

Exposure concentration in sewage treatment plants (STP): Estimated exposure concentrations. Waste water before treatment 3.03 x104 mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater 0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving


waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.

Organizational measures to prevent/limit release from site

A combination of organizational (quick informing of appropriate services) and technical measures (automatic leak/release detection) should be applied to prevent and detect unexpected releases.

Conditions and measures related to on-site or municipal sewage treatment plant

Ammonia is ubiquitous in the environment with <30% of emissions resulting from fertilizer uses and from non-agricultural sources. Municipal or other type of external waste water treatment.2000m3/d.

Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste for disposal

Not applicable

Conditions and measures related to external recovery of waste

Not applicable

3. Control of worker exposure

PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8a, 8b, 9, 15.

Product Characteristics


Not applicable

Physical state Physical state of product: liquid.

Amounts used No data


Workers generally work standard shifts of 8 hours/day, longer shifts up to 12 hours/day may also be carried out. Workers typically spend 80 % of a shift in a control room and 20 % of the time conducting field-based operations.

Human factors not influenced by risk management

The formulation of aqueous ammonia solutions and the distribution of ammonia in aqueous and anhydrous forms involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for worker exposure. Workers involved in controlling automated processes are segregated in separate control rooms with no direct contact with equipment. The potential for industrial workers to be exposed to ammonia when controlling processes is therefore negligible since they are located in a separate control room. Processes related to distribution or transportation activities are generally carried out outdoors, employing continuous, closed processes. All technological devices have a proper quality certification, and are regularly controlled and maintained to avoid the uncontrolled discharge of ammonia. Pipelines and vessels are sealed and insulated and sampling is carried out with a closed sample loop. Personal protective clothing (e.g. face/eye protection, helmet, gloves, boots and protective overalls) is worn when any potential contact may arise.

Other given operational conditions affecting workers exposure

Good occupational hygiene and exposure control measures are implemented to minimize the potential for worker exposure. Workers involved in the manufacture, sampling and transfer of anhydrous ammonia to road


tankers are well-trained in these procedures and use of appropriate protective equipment. Anhydrous ammonia is stored in closed containers and tanks and is transferred under containment. Exposure to workers was assessed taking into account different operational conditions that may be associated with the formulation of aqueous ammonia solutions and the distribution of anhydrous and aqueous ammonia products and the impact of different exposure control measures. Exposures were determined for task durations of 1- 4 hours or >4 hours and assuming that process are carried out either outdoors, indoors without use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) or indoors with the use of LEV. To reflect the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), dermal exposures were determined assuming either no gloves or gloves affording 90% protection of the hands are worn. To reflect the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE), inhalation exposure concentrations were determined assuming either no RPE or RPE affording 95% protection is worn. See table below (Table 1, Table 2).


The formulation of aqueous ammonia solutions and the distribution of ammonia in aqueous and anhydrous forms involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems .The risk of indirect exposure of humans via the environment is not considered

Technical conditions and measures to control dispersion from source towards the worker

Extract ventilation is provided at openings and points were emission may occur. A good standard of general or controlled ventilation is applied when maintenance activities are carried out. Where good natural ventilation is found to be inadequate, mechanical (general) ventilation or local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is provided.

Organizational measures to prevent /limit releases, dispersion and exposure

Training. Monitoring/reporting and auditing systems: Equipment must be well maintained and cleaned daily. Containment plus good work practice required.

Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation

There is no worker exposure under normal conditions (closed and highly controlled systems ). However there is required the use of personal protective equipment in order to minimize the risk exposure. See section 8 of the SDS.

Table 1. Dermal exposures to anhydrous or aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers involved in formulation or distribution (ES02).

Description of activity PROC

Exposure assumptions Estimated Exposure

mg/kg bw/d

Duration Use of ventilation No

gloves worn

Gloves worn (90% reduction)

Used in a closed process, no likelihood of exposure: Storage (closed bulk or container)

PROC 1 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Outdoors /Indoors without LEV

0.34 0.03


Use in a closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure (e.g. sampling)



1.37 0.14

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors with LEV 0.14 0.01

Use in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)


Outdoors / Indoors without LEV

0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors with LEV 0.03 <0.01

Mixing or blending in batch process



13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Maintenance, clean down

PROC 8a 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Transfer (charging/discharging) from/to vessels or large containers at dedicated facilities

PROC 8b 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Transfer into small containers



6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Quality control in a laboratory



0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Table 2. Inhalation exposure concentrations for anhydrous ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers involved in formulation or distribution (ES02).

Description of activity

PROC

Exposure assumptions

Anhydrous ammonia

Aqueous ammonia (5-25% w/w)

Estimated Exposure Concentration mg/m3

Duration

Use of ventilation

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)



Outdoors 0.00 NA 0.01 NA

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors without LEV

0.01 NA 0.01 NA


PROC 2 >4hrs Outdoors 24.79 1.24 30.63 1.53

>4hrs Indoors without LEV

35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19

>4hrs Indoors with LEV

3.53 0.18 4.38 0.22

1-4 hrs Outdoors 14.88 0.74 18.38 0.92

1-4 hrs Indoors without LEV

22.25 1.06 26.25 1.31

1-4 hrs Indoors 2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13


with LEV

Use in batch process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises



70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.5 2.63

1-4 hrs Indoors with LEV

4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26




177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Maintenance, clean down

PROC 8a >4hrs Outdoors 123.96 6.20 153.13 7.66


177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Transfer of ammonia (charging/discharging) from/to vessels or large containers at dedicated facilities

PROC 8b >4hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


3.19 0.16 3.94 0.20

1-4 hrs Outdoors 44.63 2.23 55.13 2.76


63.75 3.19 78.75 3.94


1.91 0.1 2.36 0.12




141.67 7.08 175.00 8.75


14.17 0.71 17.50 0.88

1-4 hrs Outdoors 59.50 2.98 73.50 3.68

1-4 hrs Indoors 85.00 4.25 105.00 5.25


without LEV


8.5 0.43 10.50 0.53


PROC 15 >4hrs Indoors without LEV

35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


3.54 0.18 4.38 0.22


21.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-03/SDS-ZChP - 001/10

version 02

Ammonia, anhydrous

The date of:


02.11.2010 14.03.2012

ES 03 – Use of ammonia as an intermediate in the chemicals industry 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Use of ammonia as an intermediate in the chemicals industry.


SU0 Other: NACE codes: C21 – Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations


SU5 Manufacture of textiles, leather, fur



SU12 Manufacture of plastics products, including compounding and conversion



– Not applicable











ERC6a Industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates)


– Not applicable


ERC 6a



Not applicable

Amounts used Ammonia is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a number of chemicals.





No data


Processes using ammonia as an intermediate are carried out at large chemical manufacturing facilities. Due to the large size of these facilities, vessels and reactors for chemical synthesis and processing are housed outdoors. Some processes are carried out indoors. Processes are continuous or batch and are carried out in closed systems. Ammonia is used by the chemicals industry to manufacture a range other substances including: nitric acid, alkalis, dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, vitamins, synthetic textile fibers, plastic and fertilizers. All technological devices have a proper quality certification, and are regularly controlled and maintained to avoid the uncontrolled discharge of ammonia.


All operations are performed in a closed system. Pipelines and vessels are sealed and insulated and sampling is carried out with a closed sample loop. All technological devices have a proper quality certification, and are regularly controlled and maintained to avoid the uncontrolled discharge of ammonia.



+) by the process of ammonification or mineralization. Ammonium is then rapidly converted to nitrate. Nitrate is subsequently taken up and utilised by plants or returned to the atmosphere following denitrification; the metabolic reduction of nitrate into nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. The most likely fate of ammonium ions in soils is conversion to nitrates by nitrification. Therefore accumulation of concentrations of ammonia in soil and groundwater will not be expected.


Release to air 1.21 x 105 kg/day.


Release to wastewater 4.85 x 104 kg/day.


Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil - not applicable. No direct loss to soil is expected for this ERC.


Exposure concentration in sewage treatment plants (STP): Estimated exposure concentrations. Waste water before treatment 2,42 x104 mg/L. Sewage (STP effluent) 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater: 0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Local concentration with atmospheric deposition not yet taken into account.





Ammonia is ubiquitous in the environment with <30% of emissions resulting from fertilizer uses and from non-agricultural sources. Municipal or other type of external waste water treatment. 2000m3/d.


Not applicable


Not applicable


PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8b, 9, 15.



Not applicable




Workers generally work standard shifts of 8 hours/day, longer shifts up to 12 hours/day may also be carried out. Workers typically spend 80 % of a shift in a control room and 20 % of the time conducting field-based operations. Operators will typically work for 220 days/year.


Chemical processes using ammonia as an intermediate involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for worker exposure. These facilities are usually housed outdoors, with workers being segregated in separate control rooms with no direct contact with chemical processing units The potential for industrial workers to be exposed to ammonia during these processes is therefore negligible since they are located in separate control rooms. All operations are performed in a closed system. Pipelines and vessels are sealed and insulated and sampling is carried out with a closed sample loop. All technological devices have a proper quality certification, and are regularly controlled and maintained to avoid the uncontrolled discharge of ammonia. Personal protective clothing (e.g. face/eye protection, helmet, gloves, boots and protective overalls) is worn when any potential contact may arise.


Good occupational hygiene and exposure control measures are implemented to minimize the potential for worker exposure. Workers involved in the manufacture, sampling and transfer of anhydrous ammonia to road tankers are well-trained in these procedures and use of appropriate protective equipment. Anhydrous ammonia is stored in closed containers and tanks and is transferred


under containment. Exposure to workers was assessed taking into account different operational conditions that may be associated with the use of ammonia as an intermediate in chemical synthesis and the impact of different exposure control measures. Exposures were determined for task durations of 1- 4 hours or >4 hours and assuming that process are carried out either outdoors, indoors without use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) or indoors with the use of LEV. To reflect the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), dermal exposures were determined assuming either no gloves or gloves affording 90% protection of the hands are worn. To reflect the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE), inhalation concentrations were determined assuming either no RPE or RPE affording 95% protection is worn. See table below (Table 1, Table 2).


Chemical processes using ammonia as an intermediate involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems. The risk of indirect exposure of humans via the environment is not considered.







Table 1. Dermal exposures to anhydrous or aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers during chemical synthesis (ES03).



mg/kg bw/d


gloves worn





0.34 0.03




1.37 0.14

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs






0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Table 2. Inhalation exposure concentrations for anhydrous and aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers during chemical synthesis (ES03).


PROC


Anhydrous ammonia



Duration Use of

ventilation No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)



Outdoors 0.00 NA 0.01 NA

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors without LEV

0.01 NA 0.01 NA




35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


3.53 0.18 4.38 0.22

1-4 hrs Outdoors 14.88 0.74 18.38 0.92


22.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13




70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38

>4hrs Indoors 7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44


with LEV

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.50 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26




70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.5 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26




177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66




106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


3.19 0.16 3.94 0.20

1-4 hrs Outdoors 44.63 2.23 55.13 2.76


63.75 3.19 78.75 3.94


1.91 0.1 2.36 0.12




141.67 7.08 175.00 8.75


14.17 0.71 17.50 0.88

1-4 hrs Outdoors 59.50 2.98 73.50 3.68


85.00 4.25 105.00 5.25


8.5 0.43 10.50 0.53



35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19



3.54 0.18 4.38 0.22


21.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-04/SDS-ZChP - 001/10

version 02

Ammonia, anhydrous

The date of:


02.11.2010 14.03.2012

ES 04 – Industrial end use: Use of ammonia as a processing aid, non-processing aid and auxiliary agent 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Industrial end use – use of ammonia as a processing aid, non-processing aid and auxillary agent. Sector of end use (SU):

SU0 Other: NACE Code: B – Mining and quarrying C – Manufacturing C28.2 – Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery M71 – Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis

SU4 Manufacture of food products


SU6a Manufacture of wood and wood products

SU6b Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products



SU11 Manufacture of rubber products


SU13 Manufacture of other nonmetallic mineral products, e.g. plasters, cement

SU15 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

SU16 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment

SU 23 Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment


– Not applicable







PROC7



PROC10 Roller application or brushing

PROC13 Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring


PROC19 Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available


ERC4 Industrial use of processing aids in processes and products, not becoming part of articles

ERC5 Industrial use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix

ERC6b Industrial use of reactive processing aids

ERC7 Industrial use of substances in closed systems


– Not applicable


ERC 4, 5, 6b, 7.



Not applicable

Amounts used Anhydrous liquid and aqueous solutions of ammonia are used by a range of industry sectors in a broad number of applications. See table below (Table 1).




No data


Industrial end uses of anhydrous and aqueous forms of ammonia involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems. Operational conditions pertaining to the broad range of industrial end use scenarios involving anhydrous and aqueous forms of ammonia vary considerably across applications and industrial sector of use.


All operations are performed in a closed system. Pipelines and vessels are sealed and insulated and sampling is carried out with a closed sample loop. All technological devices have a proper quality certification, and are regularly controlled and maintained to avoid the uncontrolled discharge of ammonia.



+) by the process of ammonification or mineralization. Ammonium is then rapidly converted to nitrate. Nitrate is subsequently taken up and utilized by plants or returned to the atmosphere following denitrification; the metabolic reduction of nitrate into nitrogen or nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. The most likely fate of ammonium ions in soils is conversion to nitrates by nitrification. Therefore accumulation of concentrations


of ammonia in soil and groundwater will not be expected.


ERC 4 Release to air 7.15 x 104 kg/day ERC 5 Release to air 3.76 x 104 kg/day ERC 6b Release to air 75.2 kg/day ERC 7 Release to air 3760 kg/day


ERC 4 Release to wastewater 7.52 x 104 kg/day ERC 5 Release to wastewater 3.76 x 104 kg/day ERC 6b Release to wastewater 3760 kg/day ERC 7 Release to wastewater 3760 kg/day


ERC 4 Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil - not applicable. ERC 5 Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil - not applicable. ERC 6b Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil - not applicable. ERC 7 Soil (direct only). Agricultural soil - not applicable.


Exposure concentration in sewage treatment plants (STP): Estimated exposure concentrations Waste water before treatment ERC4: 3.76 x 104 mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) ERC4: 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater ERC4 :0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC 5 1.88 x 104 mg/L Sewage (STP effluent) ERC 5: 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater ERC 5: 0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC 6B 1880 mg/L. Sewage (STP effluent) ERC 6b: 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater ERC6b: 0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving waters. Waste water before treatment ERC 7 1880 mg/L. Sewage (STP effluent) ERC7: 0 mg/L - Based on efficient removal by STP. Local freshwater ERC7: 0 mg/L 10-fold dilution by receiving waters.



Conditions and measures Ammonia is ubiquitous in the environment with <30% of


related to on-site or municipal sewage treatment plant

emissions resulting from fertilizer uses and from non-agricultural sources. Municipal or other type of external waste water treatment. 2000m3/d.


Not applicable


Not applicable


PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8b, 9, 10, 13, 19.



Not applicable




A full characterization of the frequency and duration of tasks is beyond the scope of this report. For the purposes of worker exposure estimation, operational conditions have been represented generically based on the assumptions that tasks may be either 1-4 hours or >4 hours in duration.


Operational conditions pertaining to the broad range of industrial end-use scenarios involving anhydrous and aqueous forms of ammonia vary considerably across applications and industrial sector of use. Facilities may be housed outdoors, with workers being segregated in separate control rooms with no direct contact with chemical processing units The potential for industrial workers to be exposed to ammonia during these processes is therefore negligible since they are located in a separate control room. Anhydrous ammonia is stored in closed containers and tanks. Ammonia is transferred under containment.


Good occupational hygiene and exposure control measures are implemented to minimize the potential for worker exposure. Workers involved in the manufacture, sampling and transfer of anhydrous ammonia to road tankers are well-trained in these procedures and use of appropriate protective equipment. Anhydrous ammonia is stored in closed containers and tanks and is transferred under containment. Exposure to workers was assessed taking into account different operational conditions that may be associated with the industrial end-use of ammonia and the impact of different exposure control measures. Exposures were determined for task durations of 1- 4 hours or >4 hours and assuming that process are carried out either outdoors, indoors without use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) or indoors with the use of LEV. To reflect the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), dermal


exposures were determined assuming either no gloves or gloves affording 90% protection of the hands are worn. To reflect the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE), inhalation exposure concentrations were determined assuming either no RPE or RPE affording 95% protection is worn. See table below (Table 2, Table 3).


Industrial end-uses of anhydrous and aqueous forms of ammonia involve special equipment and high integrity contained systems with little or no potential for worker exposure. The risk of indirect exposure of humans via the environment is not considered.







Table 1. Common industrial end uses of ammonia.

Industrial end-use

Type of use

Description of use

Pro

cess

ing a

id

Non-p

rocess

ing a

id

Reacti

ve p

rocess

ing

aid

Auxilia

ry a

gent

Use

in c

lose

d

syst

em

Use as developing agent in photochemical processes

X

Ammonia is used as a developing agent in photochemical processes such as white printing, blue printing and in the diazo duplication press.

Use of refrigerant systems X X

Anhydrous liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant in household, commercial and industrial systems due to its high heat of vaporisation and relative ease of liquefaction.

Insulation products

X

Inks and toners X X

Ammonia vapours are used as a reagent in treating writing or ink marks

Coatings, thinners, paint

X X


removers

Processing aid in chemicals industry

X

Use as an extraction agent

X

Ammonia is used as an extraction agent in the mining industry to extract metals like copper, nickel and molybdenum from their ores.

Treatment of gas (NOx and SOx reduction)

X X

Ammonia is used in stack emission control systems to neutralise sulphur oxides from combustion of sulphur-containing fuels, as a method of NOx control in both catalytic and non-catalytic applications and to enhance the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators for particulate control.

Processing aid in nutrition X X

The food and beverage industry use ammonia as a source of nitrogen required for yeast and micro-organism

Use as neutralising agent

X X

Ammonia is used by the petrochemical industry in neutralizing the acid constituents of crude oil and in the protection of equipment from corrosion

Textile dyes X

Treatment of water

X X

Aqueous ammonia is used in water and waste-water treatment areas to control pH, to regenerate weak anion exchange resins and as an oxygen scavenger in boiled water treatment. In water disinfection, aqueous ammonia is added to water containing free chlorine to produce a chloramines disinfectant.

Use as washing and cleaning products

X X

Weak ammonia solutions are used extensively within industry, by professionals and consumers as commercial and household cleaners and detergents cleaning products. Commercial ammonia cleaning products contain up to 30% ammonia whereas household products contain 5-10% ammonia

Treatment of textiles

X X Liquid ammonia is used to increase the quality of textiles

Treatment of pulp and paper X X

Ammonia is used in the pulp and paper industry to pulp wood and as a casein dispersant to coat paper.

Treatment of leather

X X

The leather industry utilises ammonia as a curing agent, as a slime and mould preservative in tanning liquors and as a protective agent for leather and furs in storage

Treatment of wood X X

Anhydrous ammonia fumes are used to darken wood in a process called “ammonia fuming”

Treatment of metal surfaces

X X

Ammonia is used in metal treatment processes such as nitriding, carbonitriding, bright annealing, furnace brazing, sintering, sodium hydride descaling, atomic hydrogen welding and other application where protective atmospheres are required.

Treatment of rubber/latex

X X Concentrated aqueous ammonia is used in the rubber industry as a preservative for


natural and synthetic latex due to its antibacterial and alkaline properties and as a stabiliser to prevent pre-mature coagulation (e.g. “ammoniation” of natural rubber latex.

Manufacture of semiconductors/electronics

X Ammonia is used in the electronics industry in the manufacturing of semiconductor chips.

Adhesives, sealants

X X

Polymer preparations

X X

Aircare products X

Preservatives X

Ammonia is uses as a preservative for the storage of high moisture corn

Table 2. Dermal exposures to anhydrous or aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers during industrial-end use processes (ES04).



mg/kg bw/d


gloves worn





0.34 0.03




1.37 0.14

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Industrial spraying PROC 7 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


42.86 4.29

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 Indoors with LEV 0.69 0.07


hrs

Roller application or brushing



27.43 2.74

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring



13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


And-mixing with intimate contact and PPE only



141.73 14.13

Table 3. Inhalation exposure concentrations for anhydrous and aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for industrial workers during industrial end-use processes (ES04).


PROC


Anhydrous ammonia



Duration

Use of ventilation

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)

Used in a closed process, no likelihood of exposure


Outdoors 0.00 NA 0.01 0.00

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors without LEV

0.01 NA 0.01 0.00

Use of ammonia in a closed, continuous process with occasional controlled exposure (e.g. sampling)



35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


3.53 0.18 4.38 0.22

1-4 hrs Outdoors 14.88 0.74 18.38 0.92


22.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13

Use of ammonia in closed batch process (synthesis or formulation)



70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.50 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26

Use of ammonia in batch process (synthesis) where opportunity for



70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


exposure arises >4hrs Indoors with LEV

7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.5 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26




177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Industrial spraying PROC 7 >4hrs Outdoors NA NA 306.25 15.31


NA NA 437.5 21.88


NA NA 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors NA NA 183.75 9.19


NA NA 262.5 13.13


NA NA 13.13 0.66




106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


3.19 0.16 3.94 0.20

1-4 hrs Outdoors 44.63 2.23 55.13 2.76


63.75 3.19 78.75 3.94


1.91 0.1 2.36 0.12

Transfer of ammonia into small containers



141.67 7.08 175.00 8.75


14.17 0.71 17.50 0.88

1-4 hrs Outdoors 59.50 2.98 73.50 3.68


85.00 4.25 105.00 5.25


8.5 0.43 10.50 0.53

Roller application or PROC 10 >4hrs Outdoors NA NA 153.13 7.66


brushing >4hrs Indoors without LEV

NA NA 218.75 10.94


NA NA 21.88 1.09



NA NA 131.25 6.56

>4hrs Outdoors NA NA 13.13 0.66




177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Hand-mixing with intimate contact and PPE only

PROC 19 <4 hrs Outdoors NA NA 153.13 7.66

<4 hrs Indoors without LEV

NA NA 218.75 10.94



NA NA 131.25 6.56

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-05/SDS-ZChP - 001/10

version 02

Ammonia, anhydrous

The date of:


02.11.2010 14.03.2012

ES 05 – Wide dispersive end-use: Professional uses of anhydrous and aqueous ammonia 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Wide dispersive end-use :Professional uses of anhydrous and aqueous ammonia.


SU0 Other: NACE Code: B – Mining and quarrying C – Manufacturing C28.2 – Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery M71 – Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis


SU4 Manufacture of food products


SU6a Manufacture of wood and wood products

SU6b Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products



SU10 Formulation [mixing] of preparations and/or repackaging (excluding alloys)

SU11 Manufacture of rubber products


SU15 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment

SU16 Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment

SU17 General manufacturing, e.g. machinery, equipment, vehicles, other transport equipment

SU23 Electricity, steam, gas water supply and sewage treatment



– Not applicable







PROC8a Transfer of substance or preparation (charging/discharging) from/to vessels/large containers at non dedicated facilities




PROC10 Roller application or brushing

PROC11 Non industrial spraying

PROC13 Treatment of articles by dipping and pouring


PROC19 Hand-mixing with intimate contact and only PPE available

PROC20 Heat and pressure transfer fluids in dispersive, professional use but closed systems


ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC8e Wide dispersive outdoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC8f Wide dispersive outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix

ERC9a Wide dispersive indoor use of substances in closed systems

ERC9b Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems


– Not applicable


ERC 8b, 8e, 8f, 9a, 9b.



Not applicable

Amounts used Anhydrous liquid ammonia (>99.5 % wt) and aqueous ammonia solution (5-25% wt) are used by professional workers in a broad number of applications.


No data


No data


Common applications include: use as a laboratory chemical, a refrigerant in cooling systems, a water treatment chemical, a fertilizer, a coating, paint thinner or paint remover, a photochemical, a cleaning product, a leather or other surface treatment product, a pH regulator or neutralization agent and a process aid for nutrition.


Activities involving the use of ammonia by professionals can be regarded as wide dispersive uses: e.g. activities which deliver uncontrolled exposures.


Typical activities associated with the professional uses of ammonia where exposures can arise include operating equipment containing ammonia (e.g. opening and closing valves), transferring ammonia from storage containers using pipe or hoses, maintaining equipment and applying ammonia-based products (e.g. fertilizer, cleaning or surface treatment products). The majority of ammonia in the environment originates from natural sources, predominantly decaying organic matter. Wide dispersive professional uses of ammonia are diverse and widespread. The resulting environmental exposure is


not expected to add significantly to already present background levels of ammonia in the environment. An additional assessment for environmental exposure for wide dispersive uses has therefore not been performed.


Not applicable


Not applicable


Not applicable


Not applicable




Ammonia is ubiquitous in the environment with <30% of emissions resulting from fertilizer uses and from non-agricultural sources. Municipal or other type of external waste water treatment. 2000m3/d.


Not applicable


Not applicable


PROC 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8a, 8b, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 20.



Not applicable




A full characterization of the frequency and duration of tasks is beyond the scope of this report. For the purposes of worker exposure estimation, operational conditions have been represented generically based on the assumptions that tasks may be either 1-4 hours or >4 hours in duration.


Activities involving the use of ammonia by professionals can be regarded as wide dispersive uses: e.g. activities which deliver uncontrolled exposures. Professional workers are expected to follow good occupational hygiene practices and apply appropriate exposure control measures to minimize the potential for exposure. Workers should be trained in procedures involving the handling, sampling and transfer of ammonia and in the use of appropriate protective equipment. A good standard of general or controlled ventilation should be applied. Personal protective clothing (e.g. face/eye protection, helmet, gloves, boots and protective


overalls) should be worn when any potential contact may arise. Any professional working directly with anhydrous ammonia as required to wear eye, face and respiratory protection.


Good occupational hygiene and exposure control measures are implemented to minimize the potential for worker exposure. Anhydrous ammonia is stored in closed containers and tanks and is transferred under containment. Exposure to workers was assessed taking into account different operational conditions that may be associated with the professional use of ammonia and the impact of different exposure control measures. Exposures were determined for task durations of 1- 4 hours or >4 hours and assuming that process are carried out either outdoors, indoors without use of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) or indoors with the use of LEV. To reflect the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), dermal exposures were determined assuming either no gloves or gloves affording 90% protection of the hands are worn. To reflect the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE), inhalation exposures concentrations were determined assuming either no RPE or RPE affording 95% protection is worn. See table below (Table 1, Table 2).


Professional end-uses of anhydrous and aqueous forms of ammonia involve special equipment with no potential for worker exposure. The risk of indirect exposure of humans via the environment is not considered.







Table 1. Dermal exposures to anhydrous or aqueous (in preparations of 5-25 % w/w) ammonia predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for professional workers (ES05).



mg/kg bw/d


gloves worn





0.34 0.03





1.37 0.14

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Use of ammonia in batch process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises



6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Transfer of ammonia (charging/discharging) from/to vessels or large containers at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8a 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





6.86 0.69

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





27.43 0.14

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Non industrial spraying PROC 11 1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


107 10.71

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





13.71 1.37

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Use as a laboratory agent



0.34 0.03

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs





Heat and pressure transfer fluids in dispersive use but closed systems



1.71 0.17

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs


Table 2. Inhalation exposure concentrations for anhydrous and aqueous ammonia (in


preparations of 5-25 % w/w) predicted using the ECETOC TRA model for professional workers (ES05).


PROC


Anhydrous ammonia



Duration

Use of ventilation

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)

No RPE

RPE (95% reduction)



Outdoors 0.00 NA 0.01 0.00

1-4 hrs or >4 hrs

Indoors without LEV

0.01 NA 0.01 0.00




35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


3.53 0.18 4.38 0.22

1-4 hrs Outdoors 14.88 0.74 18.38 0.92


22.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13




70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.50 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26

Use of ammonia in batch process (synthesis) where opportunity for exposure arises



70.83 3.54 87.5 4.38


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 29.75 1.49 36.75 1.84


42.5 2.13 52.5 2.63


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26




177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59



106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Transfer of ammonia (charging/discharging) from/to vessels or large containers at non-dedicated facilities

PROC 8a >4hrs Outdoors 123.96 6.20 153.13 7.66


177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66




106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


3.19 0.16 3.94 0.20

1-4 hrs Outdoors 44.63 2.23 55.13 2.76


63.75 3.19 78.75 3.94


1.91 0.1 2.36 0.12




141.67 7.08 175.00 8.75


14.17 0.71 17.50 0.88

1-4 hrs Outdoors 59.50 2.98 73.50 3.68


85.00 4.25 105.00 5.25


8.5 0.43 10.50 0.53


PROC 10 >4hrs Outdoors NA NA 153.13 7.66


NA NA 218.75 10.94


NA NA 21.88 1.09



NA NA 131.25 6.56


Non-industrial spraying

PROC 11 >4hrs Outdoors NA NA 613.20 30.66


NA NA 876.00 43.80

>4hrs Indoors NA NA 175.20 8.76


with LEV



NA NA 525.60 26.28





177.08 8.85 218.75 10.94


17.71 0.89 21.88 1.09

1-4 hrs Outdoors 74.38 3.72 91.88 4.59


106.25 5.31 131.25 6.56


10.63 0.53 13.13 0.66

Use as a laboratory agent


35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


3.54 0.18 4.38 0.22


21.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


2.13 0.11 2.63 0.13


PROC 19 <4 hrs Outdoors NA NA 153.13 7.66

<4 hrs Indoors without LEV

NA NA 218.75 10.94



NA NA 131.25 6.56

Heat and pressure transfer fluids in dispersive use but closed systems



35.42 1.77 43.75 2.19


7.08 0.35 8.75 0.44

1-4 hrs Outdoors 14.88 0.74 18.38 0.92


21.25 1.06 26.25 1.31


4.25 0.21 5.25 0.26

Zakłady Chemiczne

„Police” S.A.


ES-06/SDS-ZChP - 001/10

version 02

Ammonia, anhydrous

The date of:


02.11.2010 14.03.2012

ES 06 – Wide dispersive end use: Consumer uses of aqueous ammonia 1. Short title of the exposure scenario: Wide dispersive end use: Consumer uses of aqueous ammonia.


– Not applicable


PC9a Coatings and paints, thinners, paint removers

PC16 Heat transfer fluids

PC35 Washing and cleaning products (including solvent based products)

PC39 Cosmetics, personal care products


– Not applicable


ERC8b Wide dispersive indoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC8e Wide dispersive outdoor use of reactive substances in open systems

ERC9a Wide dispersive indoor use of substances in closed systems

ERC9b Wide dispersive outdoor use of substances in closed systems


AC01 Other (non intended to be released)

AC2 Machinery, mechanical appliances, electrical/electronic articles


ERC 8b, 8e, 9a, 9b.



No data



No data

Environment factors not influenced by risk management

The majority of ammonia in the environment originates from natural sources, predominantly decaying organic matter.


Wide dispersive consumer uses of ammonia are diverse and widespread. The resulting environmental exposure is not expected to add significantly to already present background levels of ammonia in the environment. An additional assessment for environmental exposure for wide dispersive uses has therefore not been performed.

Conditions and measures Municipal or other type of external waste water


related to municipal sewage treatment plant

treatment. 2000m3/d.


Not applicable


Not applicable

3. Control of consumer exposure



No data


Amounts used Products are likely to be used intermittently during the year, for several consecutive days. Cleaning products are expected to be used more frequently e.g. several times per week. Consumers are likely to use hair dye products several times per year, possibly up to once/ month. The durations of product use per day are likely to vary across the applications.

Frequency and duration of use/exposure

Consumer exposure to ammonia will depend on a number of factors including the frequency and duration of use.


Primary routes of exposure for consumers using common household products containing ammonia are the dermal and inhalation routes. Consumers are not expected to ingest ammonia during the normal use of household products and oral exposures are unlikely.

Other given operational conditions affecting consumers exposure

Consumers may be exposed to aqueous solutions of ammonia (containing up to 25 % w/w ammonia) when using a variety of products. See table below (Table 1).

Conditions and measures related to information and behavioral advice to consumers

Classification and labeling of preparations containing ammonia aqueous solution (or less, depending on what other substances are present) would require hazard communication according to the legislation.

Conditions and measures related to personal protection and hygiene

Recommended: PPE (gloves, etc).


Table 1. Dermal exposures to aqueous ammonia and inhalation exposure concentrations predicted by ConsExpo for consumers using common household products (e.g. DIY, cleaning and cosmetic products).

Scenario Ammonia

% w/w Use

frequency

Acute

syst

em

ic d

erm

al exposu

re

(dose

/event

) m

g/k

g b

w/d

ay

100%

derm

al abso

rpti

on

Chro

nic

syst

em

ic d

erm

al

exposu

re

(dose

avera

ged o

ver

1 y

ear)

m

g/k

g

bw

/day

100%

derm

al abso

rpti

on

Acute

inhala

tion e

xposu

re

concentr

ati

on (

1 e

vent)

mg/m

3

Chro

nic

inhala

tion e

xposu

re

concentr

ati

on (

yearl

y a

vera

ge)

mg/m

3

PC9a Coatings, paints, thinners, removers (0.05% w/w ammonia) Applying waterborne paint using brush and roller

0.05 1 event /month

0.03 8.2x 10-5 7 0.0018

Spraying paint from a can (application)

0.05 1 event /month

0.013 6.8x 10-5 0.67 5.1x10-5

Applying general coatings

0.05 1 event /month

0.0021 1.9x10-6 6.7 2.4x10-4

Applying paint remover 0.05 1 event /month

0.0042 1.1x10-5 3.2 3.6x10-4

PC35 Washing and cleaning products (0.125 % w/w ammonia)

Applying all-purpose liquid cleaner / detergent

0.125 104 times/ year

0.41 0.12 3.3 0.16

PC39 Cosmetics, personal care products (4% w/w ammonia)

Applying hair dye 4 1 event / month

67 2.203 NA NA

ammonia, anhydrous compilation revision ” s.a

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