American History CHAPTER 2: European Colonies in America Following Columbuss voyages, European nations competed to establish colonies in the Americas. Adventurers, traders, settlers, and religious leaders came looking for gold, or for a northwest passage to Asias treasures, or for religious freedom. Jamestown 1. Which Spanish conquistadors explored North America, and what were they seeking? The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, divided the Americas between Portugal (Brazil), but Spain got the rest. England, France, and Holland did not agree with this agreement. Spanish conquistadors (conquerors) All searched for gold, riches, fame and to spread Christianity Ponce de LeonFlorida/Puerto Rico/Fountain of Youth Hernan CortesMexico/Aztecs Cabeza de VacaFlorida/Texas (Seven Cities of Gold) Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoAmerican SW 2. How did Spain build an empire? Spain claimed large areas of land and established colonial governments. There were four viceroyalties, each ruled by a representative of the monarch. 3. How did the encomienda system work? Landowner controlled the people of a certain area. The landowner would convert the native Americans to Christianity and teach them European ways. Native Americans were to work for the landowner part-time and were to be treated humanely. Most were treated as slaves. 4. Why were the first English colonies established? Economic problems at home, thus many searched for opportunities elsewhere. There was a group of young upper-class men seeking adventure and wealth. Abundance of land 5. What helped the Jamestown colony survive? Obtained food from Native Americans. Started to grow tobacco for profit. JAMESTOWN The English in Virginia Lost Colony at Roanoke (1587) Settlers disappeared and is still a mystery today King James- Joint-Stock Company Plymouth company & London Company Business entity in which investors pooled their money hoping to make a profit. London Company sent 3 ships and 144 male colonists to Virginia The English in Virginia Headright System 50 acres of land that colonists could obtain 1 headright for each family member Attracted skilled workers women ,000 people House of Burgesses WWhite male landowners AAmericas 1 st Legislative Body GGovernor could veto Colonial Workers IIndentured Servants 1 Africans arrived SSlave labor CCould not go back home DDid not have to pay WWorked for life CCould not blend into white society 6. How did Virginia grow and change during the 1600s? Land grants attracted more colonists. Skilled artisans started to arrive. Women also arrived and married colonists. BACONS REBELLION We Can do it Bacons rebellion ( ) strengthened the move to switch from indentured servants to slavery. Indentured servants became discontented freeman. Slaves were cheaper that indentured servants. Africans were being sold as slaves in America. The New England Colonies Puritans- English Protestants who wanted to purify the Anglican Church. Separatists- more radical, wanted to break away from the Anglican Church. Pilgrims-Puritans & others who moved to the new world. Mayflower Compact- (1620)- Set a precedent for local government based on the CONSENT OF THE GOVERENED. 7. Why did the Puritans flee England? Disagreed with the Church of England. The Puritans were persecuted, fined, or put into prison because of their religious beliefs. 8. How did dissent among the Puritans threaten the New England colonies? Church and government closely linked. Dissent of any kind was seen as a threat to colonys stability. Dissenters chose to leave or were banished. They established other colonies. 9. What was life like in New England? High ideals shaped daily life, government, and school systems. PLYMOUTH DutchificationMoved to Netherlands--Joint-Stock Co saints and 66 strangers-- Hudson Bay and Cape Cod-- Half died in first year-- Next year, life improved-- William Bradford-- Plymouth Colony 1621 to 1691 NEW ENGLAND LIFE Puritans established the first public schools RR ead and understand the Bible HH ave a skill in a trade or a craft LL aws forced kids to go to school 11 700s first two colleges in America- Harvard and Yale Colonial Government TT owns flourished in N.E. and became the center of government PP age 55 RR elations with Native Americans RELIGIOUS DISSENT Thomas Hooker Left Massachusetts to form a new colony called Connecticut Religious differences New Farmland Fundamental Orders of Connecticut! Roger Williams Believed in separation of church and state Indians should be treated fairly Puritan leaders banished Williams Settled in Rhode island Anne Hutchinson She believed that minister were not needed. She migrated to R.I. Eventually started New Hampshire Thomas Hooker (Conn.) Roger Williams (Rhode Is.) The New England Colonies A CITY UPON A HILL The success of the Plymouth settlement encouraged thousands of other Puritans to move to New England Started the Mass. Bay colony John Winthrop- leader of the new colony Great Migration-(1630)- to escape further religious and economic ruin, Puritans decided to move to the new World NEW ENGLAND LIFE ENVIROMENT ENCOURAGED THE GROWTH OF FAMILIES AND TOWNS Food was plentiful Cold climate kept diseases under control 80% of children lived to adulthood No need for indentured servants of slaves Diversified economy- farming, fishing industry, ship building, and trade NEW ENGLAND DEVELOPED A VERY HEALTHY AND PROFITABLE ECONOMY. Northern colonies THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES RESTORATION- Era after the death of Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, when Charles II restored the monarchy in England Charles gave 8 supporters a charter for a colony located between Virginia and Sp. Florida. Divided into North and South South Carolina- Aristocratc landowners, large plantations, slavery North Carolina- Established small farms, few slaves 1680-Charleston- major port city became 2 separate Royal colonies 10. What brought about a new era of colonization in America? Restoration of the English monarchy. Peace after years of civil war in England. 11. Why were new southern colonies founded? Carolinas were land grants originally part of the territory claimed by Virginia. Georgia was founded as a buffer zone between the Carolinas and Spanish Florida. 12. Why did the Quakers settle Pennsylvania? William Penn established the colony to give fellow Quakers a haven from persecution. THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES Virginia was a thriving colony whose economy was fueled by tobacco Chesapeake Bay Cecilius Calvert became proprietor of the upper Chesapeake area. (Maryland) Maryland became a haven for Roman Catholics. Protestants were welcomed. Toleration Act of 1649, granted a degree of religious freedom Most white colonists came to Maryland as indentured servants. THE MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY Dutch colony established in New Amsterdam Dutch rule was ineffective English fleet took over New Amsterdam King James renamed the colonies New York and New Jersey Early 1700s became a royal colony COLONIAL EXPERIMENTS PPennsylvania King Charles II made William Penn, proprietor of a large tract of land near New York HHaven for Quakers- HOLY EXPERIMENT- (page 63) GEORGIA JJames Ogelthorpe SSocial Experiment- (page 63) BBuffer between Carolinas and Spain THE ENGLISH COLONIES IN AMERICA Joint-stock colonies- were established by groups of investors who pooled their money hoping to make a profit. Virginia* (1607) Massachusetts* (1620) Royal colonies- were under the direct control of the king of England, who appointed a governor. Delaware (1664) Proprietary colonies- were founded by private individuals, or Lord Proprietors, who were granted the power to make and execute laws. New Hampshire* (1639) New Jersey* (1630) Pennsylvania* (1634) Maryland* (1632) North Carolina* (1655) South Carolina* (1670) New York (1685) Georgia* (1733) Self-governing colonies- were run independently of the king or of any joint-stock company. Connecticut (1634) Rhode Island (1636) * Later became a royal colony 13. Why was Maryland founded? Founded as a haven for Catholics and a source of personal wealth for Lord Baltimore.