American EvolutionAmerican Evolution 1830-18501830-1850

A Study of Reform Movements and A Study of Reform Movements and the Growth of the the Growth of the

United StatesUnited States

Immigration Immigration

Push Factors:Push Factors:1.1. Political PersecutionPolitical Persecution2.2. No Social MobilityNo Social Mobility3.3. No religious FreedomNo religious Freedom4.4. No Job OpportunitiesNo Job Opportunities5.5. War/Refugees War/Refugees 6.6. Famine/No FoodFamine/No Food7.7. No EducationNo Education8.8. No Chance to Own LandNo Chance to Own Land9.9. No FamilyNo Family

Pull Factors:Pull Factors:1.1. Political FreedomPolitical Freedom2.2. Social MobilitySocial Mobility3.3. Religious FreedomReligious Freedom4.4. JobsJobs5.5. No Wars/Military ServiceNo Wars/Military Service6.6. Food…”Land of Plenty”Food…”Land of Plenty”7.7. Public EducationPublic Education8.8. Abundant Land out WestAbundant Land out West9.9. Family Sends “American Family Sends “American

Letters”Letters”

Irish ImmigrantsIrish Immigrants

1. Came during the 1830’s 1. Came during the 1830’s and 40’s because of the and 40’s because of the “Great Potato Famine”“Great Potato Famine”

2. Immigrated to the Cities: 2. Immigrated to the Cities: New York, Boston, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, because too Philadelphia, because too poor to move west.poor to move west.

3. Hated because of low work 3. Hated because of low work skills, Poor Education, and skills, Poor Education, and Roman Catholic Faith.Roman Catholic Faith.

4. Worked on Railroads, 4. Worked on Railroads, Canals, and in Houses and Canals, and in Houses and competed with free African competed with free African Americans for JobsAmericans for Jobs

Helping the IrishHelping the Irish

The Ancient Order of The Ancient Order of Hibernians:Hibernians:

1.1. A Semisecret Society A Semisecret Society Originally Founded in Originally Founded in Ireland Ireland

2.2. Helped Provide: Helped Provide: FoodFood Job TrainingJob Training EducationEducation Childcare Childcare HousingHousing

The GermansThe Germans

1.1. Arrive in the US between Arrive in the US between 1830-601830-60

2.2. Immigrate to the Mid-Immigrate to the Mid-West, West and begin West, West and begin farming.farming.

3.3. Support liberal ideas such Support liberal ideas such as Abolition and Early as Abolition and Early Childhood Ed. Childhood Ed. (Kindergarten)(Kindergarten)

4.4. Introduce: Pretzel, Introduce: Pretzel, Bratwurst, Strudel, Beer, Bratwurst, Strudel, Beer, & Christmas Tree& Christmas Tree

NativismNativism

1.1. Native Born Americans Native Born Americans who opposed new who opposed new immigrants were called immigrants were called “Nativists”“Nativists”

2.2. Nativists believed There Nativists believed There was a vast Catholic was a vast Catholic Conspiracy by the Pope Conspiracy by the Pope to take over the U.S.to take over the U.S.

3.3. Formed the “Order of the Formed the “Order of the Star Spangled Banner” to Star Spangled Banner” to fight Immigration.fight Immigration.

NINANINA1.1. To Prevent the To Prevent the

Irish from gaining Irish from gaining Social Mobility, Social Mobility, Many Nativists Many Nativists would place NINA would place NINA signs in their Shop signs in their Shop Windows.Windows.

2.2. Songs (on the Songs (on the right) would be right) would be distributed and distributed and sung at Nativist sung at Nativist Rallies.Rallies.

Know Nothing Know Nothing PartyParty

1.1. After 1.8 million After 1.8 million Catholic Catholic Immigrants arrive, Immigrants arrive, Nativists form the Nativists form the “Know Nothing “Know Nothing Party”Party”

2.2. The Party Platform The Party Platform Promoted:Promoted:

• Anti Immigration Anti Immigration lawslaws

• Attacks on Nuns, Attacks on Nuns, Priests, ChurchesPriests, Churches

• Supporters say, “I Supporters say, “I know nothing”know nothing”

““Putting-Out System”Putting-Out System”

1.1. Before Industrialization, Before Industrialization, manufacturing was manufacturing was “home based”.“home based”.

2.2. Local merchants provided Local merchants provided raw materials to raw materials to households to be turned households to be turned into manufactured goods.into manufactured goods.

3.3. With Canals & Railroads, With Canals & Railroads, Sales of Goods skyrocket, Sales of Goods skyrocket, and need for more and need for more efficient methods grows.efficient methods grows.

The Slater MillsThe Slater Mills

1.1. Samuel Slater brought Samuel Slater brought industrial secrets from industrial secrets from England in the 1780’s.England in the 1780’s.

2.2. By 1790, Slater opened By 1790, Slater opened the Slater Mills in the Slater Mills in PAwtucket, Rhode Island.PAwtucket, Rhode Island.

3.3. The factory produced The factory produced Cotton yarn, that was Cotton yarn, that was then sent to local then sent to local households to be turned households to be turned into clothing.into clothing.

Francis Cabot LowellFrancis Cabot Lowell

1.1. Worked as spy in English Worked as spy in English Textile Mills, memorizing Textile Mills, memorizing how the hydro-powered how the hydro-powered looms were constructed.looms were constructed.

2.2. Created the Lowell Mills Created the Lowell Mills in 1814in 1814

3.3. First businessman to First businessman to consolidate all stages of consolidate all stages of production, including production, including housing labor. housing labor.

4.4. Follows the Waltham Follows the Waltham SystemSystem

The Lowell GirlsThe Lowell Girls

1.1. Young women 9-18 Young women 9-18 recruited from local farmsrecruited from local farms

2.2. Paid $14-18 a monthPaid $14-18 a month

3.3. The “Mill Girls” must:The “Mill Girls” must: Follow CurfewFollow Curfew Attend ChurchAttend Church Not DateNot Date Live in the Dorms Live in the Dorms

attached to the Factoryattached to the Factory Eventually Strike for Eventually Strike for

higher wages/Rightshigher wages/Rights

The Lowell Mills in Operation The Lowell Mills in Operation

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

1.1. Best known for two Major Best known for two Major Developments:Developments:

A.A. Interchangeable Parts:Interchangeable Parts: Developed Developed

originally for the Fed. originally for the Fed. Government for the mass Government for the mass production of rifles.production of rifles.

The Cotton GinThe Cotton GinRemoves seeds from Cotton Fibers and prolongs the Removes seeds from Cotton Fibers and prolongs the

institution of Slaveryinstitution of Slavery

Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick

1.1. Builds the first mechanical Builds the first mechanical reaperreaper

2.2. Markets invention to Markets invention to farmers in the mid-west farmers in the mid-west and west by 1850and west by 1850

3.3. Helps in the boom of Helps in the boom of wheat production prior wheat production prior too, and following the Civil too, and following the Civil War War

Isaac SingerIsaac Singer

1.1. Improved the sewing Improved the sewing machine invented by machine invented by Elias Howe in 1846Elias Howe in 1846

2.2. Becomes the foundation Becomes the foundation of the “ready made” of the “ready made” clothing industry.clothing industry.

3.3. One of the “Must Have” One of the “Must Have” items of every American items of every American Home.Home.

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1.1. Invents the Telegraph, Invents the Telegraph, originally to help the hard originally to help the hard of hearing in 1844of hearing in 1844

2.2. Uses a set of dots and Uses a set of dots and dashes to send magnetic dashes to send magnetic pulses through copper pulses through copper wire. (Morse Code)wire. (Morse Code)

3.3. Sends information across Sends information across great distances.great distances.

4.4. Is the founder of the Is the founder of the Information Age.Information Age.

Peter Cooper’s Tom Peter Cooper’s Tom ThumbThumb

1.1. Steam Locomotive invented in 1830Steam Locomotive invented in 1830

2.2. Revolutionizes travel, and carries cargo/people 13 Revolutionizes travel, and carries cargo/people 13 miles to Baltimore, travelling at 10mph.miles to Baltimore, travelling at 10mph.