Alena Štulajterová

Selected Chapters from Discourse Analysis

Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici Belianum

Banská Bystrica2015

Učebný materiál vznikol v rámci projektu „Inovatívne kroky pre potreby vysokoškolského vzdelávania v 21. storočí“ (ITMS: 26110230109) v súlade s Operačným programom Vzdelávanie. Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdro-jov Európskej únie. Prijímateľom nenávratného finančného príspevku je Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici.

© Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2015

ISBN 978-80-557-0997-0

Učebný materiál vznikol v rámci projektu „Inovatívne kroky pre potreby vysokoškolského vzdelávania v 21. storočí“ (ITMS: 26110230109) v súlade s Operačným programom Vzdelávanie. Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov Európskej únie. Prijímateľom nenávratného finančného príspevku je Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici. Autorka: PaedDr. Alena Štulajterová, PhD. Recenzentky: doc. PaedDr. Petra Jesenská, PhD.

doc. Mgr. Alena Smiešková, PhD. Jazyková úprava:

Paul Wood, M.Phil.

© Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2015

ISBN 978-80-557-0997-0

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PREFACE

This book is intended as a course of discourse analysis for students of English in the teacher-training programme at Matej Bel University. The main purpose of the book is to present general issues related to discourse analysis in a concise and coherent way.

We have tried to present the fundamentals of discourse analysis – i.e. text, context, discourse, cohesion and coherence, whose comprehension is closely related to the students’ preliminary knowledge of other linguistic disciplines such as syntax, lexicology, semantics and stylistics. The comprehension of essential notions of discourse analysis represents an inseparable part of the general linguistic knowledge of future English teachers. The book is divided into eight theoretical chapters. At the end of each chapter, a series of study questions is offered which will provide the students with more detailed treatments of the issues presented.

The aim of the book is not to bring new ideas and solutions to linguistic problems. The main purpose is to provide students with a review of existing opinions by combining both traditional and the most recent approaches. We believe that this method will enable the students to achieve an adequate understanding of the subject as a whole, and that after reading the textbook they will have sufficient knowledge of discourse analysis and the varied uses of the English language. The textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the methods and theories of discourse analysis and includes clear explanations of its relevant features, which will enable students to develop a set of analytical tools of their own, that can be applied to any text.

We have drawn inspiration from many sources, particularly the discourse studies written by G. Brown, G. Cook, M.A.K.

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Halliday & R. Hasan, M. McCarthy, D. Nunan and G. Yule. Their influence will be evident to all who are familiar with their work.

The Author

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CONTENTS

PART 1

1 INTRODUCING DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 7

1.1 The difference between text and discourse 8

1.2 Context 9

1.3 Form and function 11

Practice 12

2 COHESION AND COHESIVE DEVICES – REFERENCE

17

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Reference 19

Practice 24

3 COHESION AND COHESIVE DEVICES – ELLIPSIS AND SUBSTITUTION

27

3.1 Ellipsis 27

3.2 Types of ellipsis 28

3.3 Substitution 31

Practice 33

4 COHESION AND COHESIVE DEVICES – CONJUNCTION

37

Practice 40

5 LEXICAL COHESION 44

Practice 47

6 COHERENCE AND UNITY 52

6.1 Coherent without being cohesive 54

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6.2 Cohesive without being coherent 55

Practice 57

7 COHERENCE AND SPEECH ACTS 61

Practice 64

8 COHERENCE AND CONVERSATIONAL PRINCIPLES

67

8.1 Adjacency pairs 68

Practice 71

GLOSSARY 74

BIBLIOGRAPHY 77

PART 2

SUPPLEMENTARY READING 80

Semantic ambiguity in humorous discourse 80

Plays on words in media discourse 87

Stylistic interpretation of advertising discourse 95

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Názov: Selected Chapters from Discourse Analysis

Autorka: PaedDr. Alena Štulajterová, PhD.

Recenzentky: doc. PaedDr. Petra Jesenská, PhD. doc. Mgr. Alena Smiešková, PhD.

Jazyková korektúra:

Paul Wood, M.Phil.

Technická úprava:

Bc. Anna Stražovcová

Vydavateľ: Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici Belianum

Počet strán: 102

Náklad: 100 kusov

Vydanie: prvé

Formát: A5

Rok vydania: 2015

Tlač: EQUILIBRIA, s.r.o. Košice

© Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, 2015

ISBN 978-80-557-0997-0