AlcoholAlcohol

Chapter 21Chapter 21

What is Alcohol?What is Alcohol? A psychoactive drugA psychoactive drug A depressantA depressant A gateway drugA gateway drug Alcoholic beveragesAlcoholic beverages are are drinksdrinks

containing containing ethanolethanol.. Alcoholic beverages have been widely Alcoholic beverages have been widely

used by many civilizations around the used by many civilizations around the world, as a component of their diet, for world, as a component of their diet, for hygienic reasons, relaxing effects, and for hygienic reasons, relaxing effects, and for recreational purposesrecreational purposes. Some have been . Some have been invested with symbolic or religious invested with symbolic or religious significance, e.g. in Christian Eucharist and significance, e.g. in Christian Eucharist and Jewish Passover.Jewish Passover.

ALCOHOL CONTENTALCOHOL CONTENTBEER – 3-5% ALCOHOLBEER – 3-5% ALCOHOLWINE – 9 – 14% ALCOHOLWINE – 9 – 14% ALCOHOLWINE COOLERS – 4-6% WINE COOLERS – 4-6%

ALCOHOLALCOHOLDISTILLED SPIRITS – 35-DISTILLED SPIRITS – 35-

50% ALCOHOL50% ALCOHOL

One 12 oz. beer

one 1.5 oz shot

one 5 oz. glass of wine

Why People Start Why People Start Drinking AlcoholDrinking Alcohol

Social pressuresSocial pressuresStressStressAdvertisingAdvertisingA way to rebelA way to rebel

NUTRITIONAL VALUENUTRITIONAL VALUE

No nutrientsNo nutrientsInterferes with the body’s Interferes with the body’s

ability to absorb key ability to absorb key vitamins and nutrients.vitamins and nutrients.

High in calories.High in calories.

Types of Drinking Types of Drinking BehaviorsBehaviors

Social DrinkingSocial DrinkingModerate DrinkingModerate DrinkingHeavy DrinkingHeavy Drinking

Social DrinkingSocial DrinkingLight drinking (half of Light drinking (half of

adults who drink) adults who drink) They drink only at social They drink only at social

functionsfunctionsFor young people this can For young people this can

lead to regular use.lead to regular use.

Moderate DrinkingModerate Drinking Amount contained in 2 drinksAmount contained in 2 drinks Use alcohol regularly but not in Use alcohol regularly but not in

excessexcess May drink aloneMay drink alone Can stop drinking without difficultyCan stop drinking without difficulty Consider alcohol part of their livesConsider alcohol part of their lives Not linked to serious health Not linked to serious health

problemsproblems

Heavy DrinkingHeavy Drinking Used as a social crutchUsed as a social crutch Used to cope with stress, worry Used to cope with stress, worry

and unhappinessand unhappiness Find it difficult to limit their Find it difficult to limit their

drinkingdrinking 4 drinks per day on average4 drinks per day on average May experience blackoutsMay experience blackouts Feel discomfort when without Feel discomfort when without

alcoholalcohol

Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking Defined as drinking five or more drinks on Defined as drinking five or more drinks on

the same occasion (i.e., within a few the same occasion (i.e., within a few hours) on at least 1 day in the past 30 hours) on at least 1 day in the past 30 days.days.

Approximately one fifth (20.5 percent) of Approximately one fifth (20.5 percent) of persons aged 12 or older participate in persons aged 12 or older participate in binge drinking at least once in the last 30 binge drinking at least once in the last 30 daysdays

The highest prevalence of both binge and The highest prevalence of both binge and heavy drinking was for young adults aged heavy drinking was for young adults aged 18 to 25, with the peak rate occurring at 18 to 25, with the peak rate occurring at age 21. age 21.

Binge Drinking Con’t….Binge Drinking Con’t….

Studies show that more than 35 Studies show that more than 35 percent of adults with an alcohol percent of adults with an alcohol problem developed symptoms—such problem developed symptoms—such as binge drinking—by age 19. as binge drinking—by age 19.

Long-term use risks liver damage, Long-term use risks liver damage, pancreatitis, certain cancers, and pancreatitis, certain cancers, and literal shrinkage of the brain. literal shrinkage of the brain.

Alcohol use is the second-leading Alcohol use is the second-leading cause of dementia; one simply ages cause of dementia; one simply ages quicker on alcohol quicker on alcohol

ALCOHOLISMALCOHOLISMAlcoholismAlcoholism, also known , also known

as “alcohol dependence,” as “alcohol dependence,” is a disease.is a disease.

Addicted to alcoholAddicted to alcoholA tendency to pass from A tendency to pass from

generation to generationgeneration to generationSome believe it is a learned Some believe it is a learned

behaviorbehavior

Alcoholism SymptomsAlcoholism Symptoms

Alcoholism Alcoholism includes four symptoms: includes four symptoms: CravingCraving: A strong need, or compulsion, to : A strong need, or compulsion, to

drink. drink. Loss of controlLoss of control: The inability to limit : The inability to limit

one’s drinking on any given occasion. one’s drinking on any given occasion. Physical dependencePhysical dependence: Withdrawal : Withdrawal

symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped after a period of alcohol use is stopped after a period of heavy drinking. heavy drinking.

ToleranceTolerance: The need to drink greater : The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to “get high.” amounts of alcohol in order to “get high.”

ALCOHOLS EFFECTSALCOHOLS EFFECTS IntoxicationIntoxication – Absorbed directly into the – Absorbed directly into the

bloodstream through the small intestine bloodstream through the small intestine and stomachand stomach

Brain Brain –– First First - Depresses the areas that - Depresses the areas that control attention, memory, and control attention, memory, and inhibitions. inhibitions. SecondSecond – Affects the areas – Affects the areas that control speech, vision, and that control speech, vision, and coordination. May feel nauseated and coordination. May feel nauseated and vomit. vomit. ThirdThird – Affects the area of the – Affects the area of the brain stem, which effects heartbeat and brain stem, which effects heartbeat and breathing.breathing.

ALCOHOLS EFFECTSALCOHOLS EFFECTS ReflexesReflexes – Slows down the response and – Slows down the response and

reaction time.reaction time. Temperature RegulationTemperature Regulation – Makes – Makes

blood vessels relax, causes more blood blood vessels relax, causes more blood to flow to the skin area and a feeling of to flow to the skin area and a feeling of warmth. Release of body temperature warmth. Release of body temperature by the skin, which lowers the internal by the skin, which lowers the internal temperature of the person.temperature of the person.

Body FluidsBody Fluids – Prevents the release of – Prevents the release of hormones that control urine production, hormones that control urine production, therefore, body fluids become depleted. therefore, body fluids become depleted. Person becomes very thirsty.Person becomes very thirsty.

Alcoholism FactsAlcoholism Facts

Approximately 14 million Americans—7.4 Approximately 14 million Americans—7.4 percent of the population —meet the percent of the population —meet the diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism alcoholism

More than one-half of American adults More than one-half of American adults have a close family member who has or have a close family member who has or has had alcoholismhas had alcoholism

Approximately one in four children Approximately one in four children younger than 18 years old in the United younger than 18 years old in the United States is exposed to alcohol abuse or States is exposed to alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence in the family (Grant alcohol dependence in the family (Grant 2000). 2000).

Blood alcohol content (BAC)Blood alcohol content (BAC)

The number of grams of alcohol per The number of grams of alcohol per 100milileters of blood.100milileters of blood.

Factors that influence BAC:Factors that influence BAC:-The drinker – heavy vs light, -The drinker – heavy vs light,

emotions, state of health, tolerance.emotions, state of health, tolerance.-The rate of intake – water and food -The rate of intake – water and food

slows down the rate, carbonated water slows down the rate, carbonated water speeds up the intakespeeds up the intake

-The rate of elimination – 3 hours to -The rate of elimination – 3 hours to break down one ounce of alcohol by the break down one ounce of alcohol by the liver, faster the intake the faster the liver, faster the intake the faster the intoxication.intoxication.

ALCOHOLS LONG TERM ALCOHOLS LONG TERM EFFECTSEFFECTS

10 – 12 years shorter life span10 – 12 years shorter life span Causes the brain to shrink, memory and Causes the brain to shrink, memory and

intelligence damagedintelligence damaged May be linked to depression and suicide.May be linked to depression and suicide. Affects the liver ability to break down Affects the liver ability to break down

fats, so they collect in the liver. fats, so they collect in the liver. Destroys liver cells.Destroys liver cells. Liver cancerLiver cancer Damage tissues of the mouth and throatDamage tissues of the mouth and throat Irritates the stomach and intestine lining Irritates the stomach and intestine lining

leading to ulcers and indigestion.leading to ulcers and indigestion. Weakens the heart muscle causing scar Weakens the heart muscle causing scar

tissue to build up.tissue to build up.

DAMAGE DURING PREGNANCYDAMAGE DURING PREGNANCY

Disrupts development of Disrupts development of brain and other organsbrain and other organs

Mental and physical Mental and physical defects called fetal defects called fetal alcohol syndromealcohol syndrome

Risk of miscarriage and Risk of miscarriage and stillbirthstillbirth

DAMAGE DURING PREGNANCY DAMAGE DURING PREGNANCY CON’TCON’T

Delayed development and evidence Delayed development and evidence of mild to moderate mental of mild to moderate mental retardation (IQ range from 50 to 85 retardation (IQ range from 50 to 85 with reported average in the mid with reported average in the mid 60s) 60s)

Facial abnormalities, skeletal (limb) Facial abnormalities, skeletal (limb) abnormalities, tremor (in the abnormalities, tremor (in the newborn infant), agitation and crying newborn infant), agitation and crying (in the newborn infant) (in the newborn infant)

Drinking and DrivingDrinking and Driving

Ohio drunk driving cases are referred to as Ohio drunk driving cases are referred to as Ohio OVI Ohio OVI (operating a vehicle while (operating a vehicle while intoxicated)intoxicated), Ohio DUI , Ohio DUI (driving under the (driving under the influence of alcohol)influence of alcohol), or Ohio OMVI , or Ohio OMVI (operating a motor vehicle while under the (operating a motor vehicle while under the influence, impaired, or intoxicated)influence, impaired, or intoxicated). All of . All of these acronyms relate to the same these acronyms relate to the same offense, found in the Ohio Revised Code. offense, found in the Ohio Revised Code.

Ohio drunk driving law also makes it illegal Ohio drunk driving law also makes it illegal to operate a motor vehicle with a specific to operate a motor vehicle with a specific level of alcohol in your system: .08% as level of alcohol in your system: .08% as determined by blood, breath, or urine determined by blood, breath, or urine testing. testing.

My friend thinks I have a drinking My friend thinks I have a drinking and drug problem. What should I and drug problem. What should I

do?do? Substance abuse (using alcohol or drugs regularly) is usually just a Substance abuse (using alcohol or drugs regularly) is usually just a

step away from addiction - where you depend on these substances step away from addiction - where you depend on these substances just to feel good or get through your day. Here are a few of the just to feel good or get through your day. Here are a few of the early warning signs that a person may have a drug or drinking early warning signs that a person may have a drug or drinking problem: problem:

relying on drugs or alcohol to have fun, forget problems, or relax relying on drugs or alcohol to have fun, forget problems, or relax having blackouts (when a person can't remember what happened having blackouts (when a person can't remember what happened

when drunk or high) when drunk or high) drinking or using drugs by yourself drinking or using drugs by yourself withdrawing or keeping secrets from friends or family withdrawing or keeping secrets from friends or family performing differently in school (such as grades dropping and performing differently in school (such as grades dropping and

frequent absences) frequent absences) building an increased tolerance to alcohol or drugs - gradually building an increased tolerance to alcohol or drugs - gradually

needing more and more of the substance to get the same feeling needing more and more of the substance to get the same feeling

The warning signs that a person The warning signs that a person may have a drinking problem:may have a drinking problem:

relying on drugs or alcohol to have fun, relying on drugs or alcohol to have fun, forget problems, or relax forget problems, or relax

having blackoutshaving blackouts drinking by yourself drinking by yourself withdrawing or keeping secrets from withdrawing or keeping secrets from

friends or family friends or family performing differently in school (such as performing differently in school (such as

grades dropping and frequent absences) grades dropping and frequent absences) building an increased tolerance to alcohol, building an increased tolerance to alcohol,

gradually needing more and more of the gradually needing more and more of the substance to get the same feelingsubstance to get the same feeling