airborne geophysical data from greenland

Airborne geophysicaldata from Greenland

No. 22 - February 2013

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 1

This issue of Geology and Ore provides a2013 update on the airborne geophysicalsurveys from Greenland, previously pre-sented in Geology and Ore no. 3 in 2003.

Geophysical data constitute a majorsource of information on the structureand composition of Earth. New techno-logical achievements with respect toboth data acquisition and data interpre-tation place geophysics as an importantkey to improved mapping and under-standing of Earth structures. Airbornegeophysical surveying is a particular effi-cient tool for systematic investigations oflarge areas as is the case in Greenland.

For these reasons large efforts have beeninvested in geophysical surveying, and,consequently both the quantity andquality of Greenland geophysical datahave grown significantly over recenttimes. Easy accessibility to geophysicaldata from Greenland is recognised asbeing of utmost importance and severalefforts have been made to providepotential users with an overview of pub-licly available data and access to dataand reports. In particular, web-basedsolutions play a significant role in fulfill-ing the demand for easy data access toboth newly acquired data as well as datafrom older surveys.

Introduction

In Greenland, compared to the rest ofNorth America and Europe, the use of air-

borne geophysical surveys as a basic toolin mineral exploration came fairly late.During the early 1970s the first publiclyfinanced airborne surveys were carried outin East Greenland, followed in the mid

1970s in West and South Greenland. Asfor most surveys at the time, the earliestdata, magnetic and radiometric, wereacquired in digital form but positionedvisually by tracking photography. In theeighties, experimental surveys with verywide spacing of lines (10–12 km) werecarried out over the southern part of theInland Ice. Since 1992, systematic airbornegeophysical programmes have been con-ducted in many parts of Greenland, nowtaking advantage of modern GPS tech-niques. Substantial parts of Greenlandhave now been covered by magnetic,electromagnetic and radiometric surveysusing a methodology practical for explo-ration companies. Airborne hyperspectralscanning have been introduced and usedin selected areas.

In addition to the short-term objective ofstimulating mineral exploration, anotherpurpose of the government-funded pro-grammes is to provide a lasting databaseof high-quality geophysical data that addsa new dimension to the understanding ofthe geology of Greenland.

History of modern airborne geo-physical surveying

In the early nineties the Government ofGreenland was seeking new ways to stim-ulate mineral exploration in Greenland.Among other initiatives, a five-year pro-gramme, AEM Greenland 1994–1998, ofairborne combined electromagnetic andmagnetic surveying was proposed. The

2

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3 Airborne geophysical datafrom Greenland

Piper Navajo PA-31 aircraft during take-off from Narsarsuaq Airport, 2012. The electromagnetic (GEOTEM) transmitter loop fixed at the nose of theGeoterrex Ltd. Aircraft (Casa), Constable Pynt, 1997.

Air Greenland A/S helicopter AS 350 duringtake-off from Grønnedal in South-WestGreenland with its geophysical instrumentationfrom Aerodat Inc. The lower bird contains theelectromagnetic equipment and the upper birdis the magnetometer. During survey the elec-tromagnetic equipment is carried 30 m abovethe ground.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 2

survey areas were chosen on the basis ofpotential for the discovery of economicmineral deposits and to demonstrate thegeneral applicability of airborne methodsin the various terrains in Greenland.Simultaneously with the AEM programmewith detailed surveying of selected areas,another airborne project, Aeromag, wassoon after started and financed by theauthorities, producing a regional coverage

of high-quality aeromagnetic data. Thetotal coverage of the various airbornemethods is shown in a number of indexmaps. Management of the publicly fund-ed airborne programme and the handlingand interpretation of the data were per-formed by Geological Survey of Denmarkand Greenland – GEUS, while the surveyswere flown by commercial geophysicalcontractors after international tender.

Major airborne geophysical surveys con-ducted in Greenland cover the followingfour major geophysical data types:

• Magnetics• Electromagnetics• Hyperspectral mesurements• Radiometry

3

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3

A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D

Nuuk

47532023017513095654010

-15-40-70

-110-195

[nT]

-53º -52º -51º

-52º -51º -50º-53º

65 º30’65 º

65º 3

0’65

º

Isua

-50º

Aircraft (Casa) outfitted for geophysical surveying. The electromagnetictransmitter loop is fixed to the wing tips, tail and nose, Constable Pynt,1997.

The Dornier 228-101 research aircraft used in the HyperEast 2012 hyper-spectral and LiDAR survey in Central East Greenland.

In West Greenland the spectacular 20 000 nT anomaly of the Isua banded iron formation measured at a survey altitude of 300 m can easily be locatedon the aeromagnetic total field anomaly map (right part) from project Aeromag 1998.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 3

Prospecting companies have also utilisedairborne geophysical surveying in theirsearch for mineralisations in Greenland.Parts of these detailed surveys are madepublicly available from GEUS. The loca-tions of these surveys are shown on theindex map on page 6.

The regional Aeromag surveys

The Aeromag projects encompass high-reso-lution magnetic surveys conducted in 1992and each of the years from 1995 to 1999, in2001 and 2012, producing a total of nearly570 000 line kilometres. The term ‘high-reso-lution’ applies here to dense sampling alongflight lines. Initial measurements were carriedout in West Greenland 1975–1976, produc-ing around 50 000 line kilometres, but thesedata should now be considered to be super-seded by the more modern Aeromag data.

The Aeromag surveys now provides high-quality, high-resolution magnetic data for thetotal ice-free area of West and SouthGreenland from the southern tip ofGreenland to Svartenhuk Peninsula, coveringan area of approximately 300 000 km² alongthe west coast of Greenland. The 2012Aeromag survey covered an area in South-East Greenland. A continuation northward ineast Greenland is planned for 2013. Most ofthe surveys have mainly covered onshoreareas. The survey in 2001 north of Nuussuaqand the survey in 1997 in the Disko Bayregion also included significant offshoreareas. Approximately one third of the 2001survey region is offshore, and includes anarea well known for its importance in rela-tion to the understanding of the offshorehydrocarbon potential.

4

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3A I R B O R N E G E O P H Y S I C A L D A T A F R O M G R E E N L A N D

Government funded Aeromag surveys

Aeromag Aeromag Aeromag Aeromag Aeromag

1975–76 1992 1995–99 2001 2012

Region Central West Central West South-West West South-East

Greenland Greenland Greenland Greenland Greenland

Size of area km2 60 000 8 600 210 000 31 400 23 000

Line km 52 000 10 100 440 000 70 000 48 493

500 km

Aeromag

AEM 1998

AEM Greenland

AEM 1997

AEM 1995

AEM 1996

AEM 1994

AEM 1998

Aeromag 2012

Aeromag 1995

Aeromag 1996

Aeromag 1998

Aeromag 1999

Aeromag 1992

Aeromag 1997

Aeromag 2001

Areas for acquisition of geophysical data from the programme on airborne magnetic and electro-magnetic measurements in Greenland 1992-2012.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 4

Generally, the Aeromag surveys are carriedout by flying with fixed-wing aircraft along agently draped surface 300 m above theground and sea level. Rough topography inmany areas places some limitations withrespect to satisfying a general wish to min-imise terrain clearance. Survey lines are witha separation of 500–1000 m. Orthogonal tie-lines are flown with a separation of 5000 m.Total magnetic field data are recorded with asampling rate of 0.1 sec which correspondsto a sampling distance of 7 m. Aircraft posi-tional data from simultaneous GPS measure-ments, as well as aircraft altitude measure-ments obtained from barometric altimeterand radar are recorded.

The AEM Greenland 1994–1998surveys

The AEM Greenland 1994–1998 detailedsurveys with combined electromagnetic andmagnetic measurements were carried out insix selected areas of expected high mineralpotential. In total, 75 000 line km coveringan area of 23 000 km² were measured in the project.

The AEM surveys include transient electro-magnetic data (GEOTEM) and combinedmulti-coil frequency domain data, radiomet-ric and VLF-data. Magnetic total field meas-urements are available from all surveyedareas.

Various geological terrains have been cov-ered, including Inglefield Land in North-WestGreenland, the Maniitsoq–Nuuk region insouthern West Greenland, the Grønnedalregion in South-West Greenland, Jameson

5

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3


HyperEast 2012

HyperGreen 2000-2002

Radiometric 1972-1981

500 km

Government funded airborne electromagnetic surveys

AEM 1994 1995–1996 1997 1998

Region North-West South-West Central East North

Greenland Greenland Greenland Greenland

Size of area km2 6 500 6 800 5 200 4 900

Line km 17 400 29 200 14 000 4 500

Survey programmes comprising aeroradiometric andhyperspectral measurements from 1972 to 2012.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 5

6

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01


Regional and detailed airborne surveys

Merged magnetic field data from regional aeromagneticsurveys and detailed surveys mostly with combined elec-tromagnetic and magnetic data acquisition.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 6

Land in central East Greenland, WashingtonLand and Daugaard-Jensen Land in westernNorth Greenland and J.C. Christensen Landin eastern North Greenland. Additionalreconnaissance lines were measured adjacentto some of the main survey areas.

The project was initiated and designed toencourage mineral exploration. Thus, at thestart of the project all holders of prospectingand exploration licences in Greenland werecontacted to solicit views on possible targetareas for the five-year period. The selectionof areas was primarily guided by the know -ledge of mineral occurrences but also tosome extent by a wish to cover differenttypes of geological settings. In addition tothe government-financed surveys, severalcompanies undertook surveys of a similartype, often in adjacent areas to the govern-ment-organised activities, exploiting anoption in the contract between the Surveyand the geophysical contractor whereby themobilisation costs to and from Greenlandcould be disregarded for the prospectingcompany.

The activities sparked a considerable interestfrom the prospecting companies after theyearly release of data from the 1994–1998surveys, and it has been confirmed that mod-ern high-resolution geophysical data are ofparamount importance in the search for min-eral deposits.

The hyperspectral surveys

Airborne remote sensing provides an efficientmethod for the rapid collection of data toassist geological mapping and mineral explo-ration. Depending on the spatial and spectralresolution, hyperspectral surveys offer map-ping opportunities from a reconnaissance toa detailed level of study.

Airborne imaging spectrometer data wereacquired for the first time over Greenlandduring hyperspectral surveys in 2000 and2002. Data acquisition were based on theHyMapTM hyperspectral imaging spectrome-ter, which collects data from 126 bandsacross the reflective solar wavelength regionof 450–2500 nm with bandwidths between

7

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3


Aeromagnetic survey 2012South-East GreenlandMagnetic total field

54501543775430954258542155418054149541215409454068540445401953995539715394853922538915384553756

25 km [nT]

-43º -42º -41º

-42º -41º -40º-43º

64 º30’64 º00’

63 º30’63 º00’

62 º30’62 º00’

64º 3

0’64

º 00’

63º 3

0’63

º 00’

62º 3

0’62

º 00’

Magnetic total field data from the regional aeromagnetic survey in 2012 of the southernpart of the North Atlantic craton in South-East Greenland.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 7

8

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01


750040002500175012008006004002401801401006020

-40-80

-160-300

-1000[ppm]

-72º -70º -68º

78º 4

0’78

º 20’

-66º

Amplitude of GEOTEM X-coil channel 2AEM Greenland 1994 - 1998

Inglefield Land

-72º -70º -68º -66º

79º

10000 10000 20000 300000

metresWGS 84 / UTM zone 20N

78 º40’78 º20’

79 º

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4000

200

100

0

0

2

4

-400

-200

0

200

400

ConstraintsTotal

Data

Channel 1

0.030.01 0.1 0.3 10.0030.001

Distance [m]

Conductivity [S/m]

Inverted model section

Dep

th [

m]

Dif

fere

nce

[p

pm

]R

esid

ual

s

a)

b)

Multiple-layer inversion

c)

Amplitude of GEOTEM X-coil receiver at 560 microseconds turn-off time of transmitter signal for the AEM Greenland 1994 survey in Inglefield Land,North-West Greenland.

Results of multiple-layer inversion of data from the AEM Greenland 1994 survey in Inglefield Land, North-West Greenland.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 8

9

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3


51º18’W

0 500

Meters

51º16’W 51º14’W

66 º31’N66 º30’N

66º 3

1’N

66º 3

0’N

51º18’W 51º16’W 51º14’W

CLASS-1

CLASS-2GneissFeniteCarbonatite

Fenite + Carbonatite dykes Marginal alteration zone

250

N

W E

S

-250

[nT]

-220 -205 -190 -170 -140 -100 -40 10 40 75 100 160 335

24º18’W 24º15’W

24º18’W 24º15’W

71º 5

7’N

71 º57’N

0 500

Meters

Jarosite-GoethiteGoethite+SericiteCLASS-1 (Granite)CLASS-2 (Granite)PhengiteSmectiteEpidote/ChloriteSedimentsSediments (CLASS-3)

Thematic hard classification of the hyperspectral data for the main lithologies of the Sarfartoq carbonatitecomplex, southern West Greenland (Bedini, 2009).

Self-Organized Map classification of hyperspectral data from theMalmbjerg molybdenum deposit in the Werner Bjerge Complex,central East Greenland (Bedini, 2012).

Close-up on the type of magnetic anomaly from the Sarfartoqcarbonatite complex, southern West Greenland. The centre ofthe complex is marked by a high magnetic field caused by thepresence of magnetite. Aeromag 1999.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 9

15–20 nm, and a signal-to-noise ratio betterthan 500:1. The first campaign in 2000 wascarried out in East Greenland focussing onenvironmental aspects of the formerBlyklippen lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig, andknown mineral occurrences at various loca-tions in the region. The hyperspectral surveyin 2002 also involved mapping of kimberlitesand mineral occurrences associated withhydrothermal alterations in West Greenland.

In the summer of 2012 a survey (HyperEast2012) was flown by NERC Airborne Research& Survey Facility over central East Greenlandusing a Dornier 228-101 research aircraftequipped with both Specim AISA Eagle andHawk sensors, a Leica ALS50-II LiDAR and aLeica RCD105 39 mega-pixel camera. Thehyperspectral data from AISA Eagle andHawk have 2 metre spatial resolution andcover 486 spectral bands from 400 up to

2500 nm, with bandwidths of 3 and 6 nm,respectively.

The aeroradiometric survey

Aeroradiometric data (acquired as gamma-ray measurements) have been used to quan-tify and describe the radioactivity of rocks inGreenland since the early 1970s. The majorpart of the gamma-ray signal originates in

10

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01


Uranium Syduran

5.2

4.3

3.7

3.2

2.8

2.4

2.1

1.7

1.3

0.8

[ppm eU]

61º00’

60º00’

-49º00’-47º00’ -45º00’ -43º00’

Equivalent uranium (eU) in South Greenland, based on gamma-spectrometric measurements during the airborne campaign 1980-81.

The hyperspectral survey

HyperGreen 2000–2001 2002 HyperEast 2012 2012

Region Central East Greenland Central West Greenland Region Central East Greenland Central East Greenland

Kap Simpson Carlsberg Fjord

Size of area km2 2 500 8 000 Size of area km2 664 2 620

Line km 2 000 6 000 Line km 1 310 4 426

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 10

the upper 20–25 cm of surficial rock materi-als, and therefore the method is a good toolfor geological mapping. The gamma-spec-trometer is mounted in an aircraft that isflown over an area at low altitude, in therange 30–150 m. The size of the totalgamma exposure is estimated by combiningthe data from the uranium, thorium andpotassium data channels. Different types ofcontour maps of the measurements or ratiosof combinations of channels are producedand used for the interpretation of geologicalfeatures.

A large part of the data gathered fromGreenland areas (1972–1976), however, arein an analogue form and with irregular track-ing lines along terrain contours and thus notsuitable for up-to-date map presentation.

The correlation of early airborne radiometricmeasurements with the geology has beendone visually and typically based on thestudying of anomalies from the differentchannels. Results from that type of compari-son have led to recognition of several geo-logical structures and rock associations of rel-evance to mineral exploration. As examples,some of the promising targets of the presentday exploration, e.g. the Sarfartoq carbon-atite complex and the Motzfeldt alkaline cen-tre in West and South-West Greenland, wererecognised this way.

Online access to airborne geo-physical data from Greenland

Information concerning the airborne geo-physical surveys in Greenland is available

online through the Greenland MineralResources Portal: www.greenmin.gl. The por-tal includes an interactive map functionalitythat shows the geographical extent of thegeophysical surveys carried out in Greenland.It is also possible to query the interactive mapand download survey metadata.

Closing remarks

The series of publicly funded geophysical sur-veys in Greenland are intended to providethe industry and the geoscientific communitywith data relevant for the exploration formineral resources. The modern survey pro-gramme has added more than 600 000 linekilometres of high-quality measurements tothe existing database of airborne geophysicaldata from Greenland. The data are usedextensively by the exploration industry andwill continue to be useful for many years tocome. High-resolution geophysical data arecertainly an investment for the future.

Access to modern high-quality geophysicaldata is an essential tool if exploration is to beeffective. The airborne geophysical measure-ments carried out in Greenland representdata acquisitions up to international bestpractice, comparable with data furnished forregional exploration and mapping by othernational geological surveys. The data collect-ed in Greenland since 1992 form an impor-tant contribution to the development of min-eral exploration.

Maps, digital data on CD-ROMs andaccompanying reports are sold from GEUS.

Key references

Armour-Brown, A., Tukiainen, T. & Wallin, B.

1981: Uranium districts in South Greenland.

Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport

105, 51–55.

Bedini, E. 2012: Mapping alteration minerals at

Malmbjerg molybdenum deposit, East Greenland,

by Kohonen self-organizing maps and matched fil-

ter analysis of HyMap imaging spectrometer data.

International Journal of Remote Sensing, 939–961.

Bedini, E. 2009: Mapping lithology of the Sarfartoq

carbonatite complex, southern West Greenland,

using HyMap imaging spectrometer data. Remote

Sensing of Environment 113, 1208–1219.

Nielsen, B.L. & Larsen, H.C. 1974: Airborne geo-

physical survey in central East Greenland, Grønlands

Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 65, 73–76.

Rasmussen, T. M. 1999: Airborne geophysical sur-

vey in central East Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske

Undersøgelse Rapport 65, 73–76.

Rasmussen, T.M. & van Gool, J.A.M. 2000:

Aeromagnetic survey in southern West Greenland:

project Aeromag 1999. Geology of Greenland Survey

Bulletin 186, 73–77.

Rasmussen, T.M., Thorning, L., Stemp, R.W.,

Jørgensen, M.S. & Schjøth, F. 2001: AEM

Greenland 1994–1998 - summary report. Danmarks

og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport

2001/58, 46 pp. + 1 CD-ROM.

Rasmussen, T.M., Thorning, L. & Secher, K. 2003:

Airborne geophysical data from Greenland. Geology

and Ore No. 3, 12 pp.

Schjøth, F., Steenfelt, A. & Thorning, L. 1996:

Regional compilations of geoscience data from

Inglefield Land, North-West Greenland. Thematic

Map Series Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse

96/1, 35 pp + 51 maps.

Secher, K. 1976: Airborne radiometric survey between

66º and 69º N, Southern West Greenland. Grønlands


11

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3


Government funded aeroradiometric survey

Gammaspec 1972–1974 1975–1976 1979–1981 1996

Region Central East Central West South South-West

Greenland Greenland Greenland Greenland

Size of area km2 50 000 100 000 35 000 1 600

Line km 10 000 30 000 1 500 9 000

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 11

Secher, K. 1977: Airborne radiometric survey between

63º and 60º N, southern West Greenland. Grønlands


Stemp, R.W. 1996a: Airborne electromagnetic and

magnetic survey of the Maniitsoq–Nuuk area, south-

ern West Greenland. Results from project AEM

Greenland 1995. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske

Undersøgelse Rapport 1996/11, 34 pp.

Stemp, R. W. 1996b: Airborne geophysical surveys

applied to diamond exploration in Greenland. Some

results from project AEM Greenland 1995. Danmarks


1996/84, 21 pp.

Stemp, R.W. 1997: Helicopter-borne geophysical sur-

veys in the Grønnedal region, South-West Greenland.

Results from Project AEM Greenland 1996. Danmarks


1997/12, 76 pp.

Stemp, R.W. 1998: Airborne electromagnetic and

magnetic survey of the northern Jameson Land area,

central East Greenland. Results from project AEM

Greenland 1997. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske

Undersøgelse Rapport 1998/18, 42 pp.

Steenfelt, A., Nielsen, T.F.D. & Stendal, H. 2000:

Mineral resource potential of South Greenland.

Review of new digital data sets. Danmarks og

Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport

2000/50, 47 pp.

Thomassen, B. & Tukiainen, T. 2008: Ground check

of airborne hyperspectral anomalies in the greater

Mestersvig area, central East Greenland. Danmarks


2008/14, 85 pp. + DVD.

Thomassen, B. & Tukiainen, T. 2010: Hyperøst 2008-

09: Ground check of hyperspectral anomalies in the

Werner Bjerge – Wollaston Forland region, North-

East Greenland. Part 1: analytical results.

Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse

Rapport 2010/54, 21 pp. + DVD.

Thorning, L. 1984: Aeromagnetic maps of parts of

southern and central West Greenland. Grønlands

Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport 122, 36 pp.

Thorning, L. & Stemp, R.W. 1997: Project Aeromag

1995 and Aeromag 1996. Results from aeromag-

netic surveys over South Greenland (1995) and

South-West and southern West Greenland (1996).

Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse

Rapport 1997/11, 44 pp.

Tukiainen, T. 2001: Projects MINEO and HyperGreen:

airborne hyperspectral data acquisition in East

Greenland for environmental monitoring and min-

eral exploration. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin

189, 122–126.

Tukiainen, T. & Thorning, L. 2005: Detection of

kimberlitic rocks in West Greenland using airborne

hyperspectral data: the HyperGreen 2002 project.

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin

7, 69–72.

Tukiainen, T. 2006: Mapping of kimberlitic rocks in

central West Greenland using airborne hyperspec-

tral data. Danmarks og Grønlands Geologiske

Undersøgelse Rapport 2006/68, 30 pp. + DVD.

Front cover photographClose up of the electromagnetic trans-mitter loop fixed to the wings of theGeoterrrex Ltd. Casa aircraft. ThuleAirbase 1994. Photo: Jakob Lautrup,GEUS.

Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum(BMP)

Government of GreenlandP.O. Box 930

DK-3900 NuukGreenland

Tel: (+299) 34 68 00Fax: (+299) 32 43 02

E-mail: [email protected]: www.bmp.gl

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS)

Øster Voldgade 10DK-1350 Copenhagen K

Denmark

Tel: (+45) 38 14 20 00Fax: (+45) 38 14 20 50E-mail: [email protected]: www.geus.dk

AuthorsThorkild M. Rasmussen, Leif

Thorning, Peter Riisager and TapaniTukiainen, GEUS

EditorLars Lund Sørensen, GEUS

Graphic ProductionAnnabeth Andersen, GEUS

PrintedFebruary 2013 © GEUS

PrintersRosendahls • Schultz Grafisk a/s

ISSN1602-818x

12

GE

OL

OG

Y A

ND

OR

E

22

/ 2

01

3

Cessna Grand Caravan from Sander Geophysics Ltd. with tail mounted magnetometer traversessnow-covered terrain at the Nuussuaq peninsula in central West Greenland, Aeromag 1997.

GO no. 22_GO-22.qxp 15/02/13 11.34 Side 12

airborne geophysical data from greenland

Documents