AFGHANISTAN AIRBORNE

AND GROUND

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS

Data Applications

• Geological Mapping• Topography Mapping• Mineral Assessments• Oil/Gas Assessments• Coal Assessments• Hazard Assessments• Vegetation Assessments

High Altitude Airborne Geophysical Surveys

• Using Navy Research Laboratory P-3 – Magnetics– Gravity

– SAR

– Photography– AVIRIS

• 5000 m above ground level at 8000m line spacing over Afghanistan

– Spatial resolution for gravity & magnetic data > 4 km in grid– Spatial resolution for gravity & magnetic data ~10 m along profiles

• $4.5M funding to NRL + 0.5 M to USGS-CICT from $30M supplemental budget

Co-Located Sensor Testbed

P-3 Research Aircraft

New Common Sensor Bomb-bay Pallet

NRL HSI SENSORS

Diamond HeadShort-Wave Infrared

HISTARLong-Wave Infrared

X/L Wide-Band-BandMod for P/C Band

OR

NUWSAR SENSOR

Magnetometer

Gravity Sensor

KGPS

HYCORDERLong-Wave Infrared

Oil/Gas Exploration

• Targets

– Basins (shape size)

– Basement faulting

– Internal basin faulting

– Salt structures

– Volcanism

• Geophysical Techniques

– Magnetics

– Gravity

– Altimetry/photography

• Platforms

– Fixed Wing Aircraft

Magnetic Ano

Antarctic airborne gravity, magnetic, radar surveys

Studinger et al., EPSL, 2003

Magnetic Anomaly (nT)

10 km line spacing

~3-4 km above bedrock

Collection of P-3 Airborne geophysical data

• USGS personnel QC data

• Training opportunities for AGS– Magnetic Base station data collection– collect ground magnetic and gravity data to

support mapping project and ground truth– QC software training– QC process training– Short-course in potential-field methods??

GETECH MAGNETIC DATAFlown 1967; 1976

Available as 1 km grid (=~4 km line spacing)

Cannot publish images of data

Can identify deep block fault systems

Funds for data purchase in Minerals budget

Want original digitized line dataHelmund Basin

5 km spacing

1 km spacing

NIMA GRAVITY DATAGround-based data from NIMA for USGS use

FUGRO MAGNETIC DATA

2000 m line spacing, 100 m above ground in 2000

Horizontal resolution ~1 km

Proprietary data for Mid East Oil & Gas company (availability & cost unknown)

Magnetics Gravity

Geophysical Interpretation

Olympic Dam areaMagnetic Anomaly Map

Olympic Dam areaBouguer Gravity Map

crystalline basement map, registered with DEM, surface geology

(Bell et al., 1998)

ICE STREAM ONSET REGION, CENTRAL WEST ANTARCTICA

AVHRR

(Bell et al., 1998)

2-D GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC MODELS CONSTRAINED

WITH SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA Over Ice stream Upstream of Ice stream

Analysis of Airborne geophysical data

• USGS leads effort• Training opportunities for AGS

– Software– Analysis – Database development, maintenance and public

release– Interpretation

DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS

• Get GETECH magnetic data

• Get CCC/FUGRO magnetic data

• Fund P3 aerogeophysical survey

Regional Magnetic DataHigh resolution magnetic data

High resolution airborne geophysical surveys(including UAV’s for mag)

Igneous rocks estimated at 150-m depth

Igneous rocks estimated at 15-m depth

Exposed igneous rocks

Interpreted fault trace

Explanation

Grauch, 2001

An Example fromAlbuquerque Basin, New

Mexico

Interpreting Hydrogeologic Features from High-resolution Aeromagnetic Data

Environmental / Water• Targets

– Development of Water Supplies

– Salt Water / Water Quality

– Natural Hazards

– Mine Waste

– Chemical/Nuclear Waste

– Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

• Geophysical Techniques

– Magnetics

– Electromagnetics

– Radiometrics

• Platforms (High Resolution)

– Low flying Fixed Wing

– Helicopters

Line 10240

Vertical Exaggeration~x20

2000m

1 Mile

100m

TrinityGroup

Sinkhole

Del Rio ClayEdwardsGroup

nothing

SOUTH NORTH

Mapped structurecorrelation

Geophysical structurecorrelation

Sensor height

Mineral Exploration• Targets

– Mineralization/Alteration

– Faulting

– Intrusions

– Volcanism

• Geophysical Techniques

– Magnetics/Gravity

– Electromagnetics

– Radiometrics

– Remote Sensing

• Platforms (Resolution)

– Fixed Wing Aircraft

– Helicopters

The Pinnacle

Integration of geophysical dataand DOQ’s, DEM’s

summit

WhiteSalmonGlacier

AvalancheGlacier

200 m resistivitydepth slice

Alteration mapping

Ice thickness

HIGH- RESOLUTION AIRBORNE DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS

• Use regional data to identify areas for detailed surveys

• Determine relatively safe areas for detailed low-altitude commercial UAV and/or helo surveys

• Ask for variance to military restrictions on low altitude flights

• solicit contractors

AGS ground-based geophysical data collection

Gravity

Magnetics

DC Resistivity

Bore hole geophysics

Rock property measurements

HIGH- RESOLUTION GROUND DATA-GATHERING ACTION ITEMS

• Use regional data to identify areas for detailed surveys

• Buy geophysical equipment for AGS

• Train AGS personnel to collect, reduce, archive, and interpret data

DOD BUDGETItem Cost

aircraft time (300 hours @ $6000/hr) 1,800,000

Per diem 100000

7420 salaries 800000

radar salaries 400000

hyperspectral salaries 300000

gravity meter refurbishment 100000

radome flight qualifications 75000

AVIRIS hyperspectral instrument 550000

ortho photo camera 370000

CICT quality control, AGS training, database salaries 600000

TOTAL 5,095,000

2, 6 week deployments of 150 hours each, approx. 50 hr transit to-from Bahrain

Per-diem & transportation costs for civilian & military crews including prep, mobilization, deployment & demob

project management, sensor-aircraft integration, KGPS/grav/mag acquisition, analysis and geoid production (4-FTE)

SAR imagery team data acquisition and reduction salaries ( 2 FTE)

hyperspectral team salaries (1.5 FTE)

gravity meter adjust and calibration, 2 units

NAVAIR approval of P-3 radome for SAR installation

rental of equipment

procurement of APPLANIX DSS digital photogrammetry system