Agenda 3-11Agenda 3-11

BW – DefineBW – Define CW – Wrap up/review India and CW – Wrap up/review India and

GandhiGandhi CW – TODT – QuestionsCW – TODT – Questions QOTD – “stay away from power QOTD – “stay away from power

couplings” – Obi Wan Kenobicouplings” – Obi Wan Kenobi

How did How did imperialismimperialism

collapse in India? collapse in India? Notes - Notes - 4-64-6

Indian Nationalism Indian Nationalism GrowsGrows

Two Parties Two Parties Congress Party—Congress Party—mostly Hindus; Muslim League—mostly Hindus; Muslim League—MuslimsMuslims

Both want independenceBoth want independence

Indian National Congress,mostly made up of Hindus,

founded in 1885

Muslim League,founded in 1906

WWI Increases NationalismWWI Increases Nationalism

British promise steps to self-government in British promise steps to self-government in return for war servicereturn for war service

After war, no changes; resentment grows After war, no changes; resentment grows across India. Some radicals carry out acts across India. Some radicals carry out acts of violence in protestof violence in protest

••British pass British pass Rowlatt ActsRowlatt Acts (1919), tough (1919), tough laws intended to end dissent laws intended to end dissent

Amritsar MassacreAmritsar Massacre In spring 1919, 10,000 Hindus and In spring 1919, 10,000 Hindus and

Muslims go to city of Amritsar Muslims go to city of Amritsar General Dyer thinks crowd is ignoring General Dyer thinks crowd is ignoring

ban ban on public meetingson public meetings Troops fire on unarmed crowd; 400 Troops fire on unarmed crowd; 400

killed and 1,200 wounded killed and 1,200 wounded News sparks anger News sparks anger

nationwidenationwide Amritsar

Massacre,1919

GandhiGandhi

Mohandas K. GandhiMohandas K. Gandhi becomes becomes leader of independence movementleader of independence movement

With ideas blending many religions, With ideas blending many religions, he becomes powerful leaderhe becomes powerful leader

Mohandas“Mahatma”

Gandhi,1869 – 1949

Tactics of NonviolenceTactics of Nonviolence

NoncooperationNoncooperation Gandhi urges Gandhi urges civil disobedience civil disobedience ——

noncooperation with British rule. In 1920, noncooperation with British rule. In 1920, the Congress Party backs the ideathe Congress Party backs the idea

BoycottsBoycotts Gandhi urges boycott of British goods, Gandhi urges boycott of British goods,

schools, taxes, electionsschools, taxes, elections

Refusal to buy British cloth cuts into Refusal to buy British cloth cuts into important textile industryimportant textile industry “homespun “homespun movement”movement”

Used strikes, and non-violent Used strikes, and non-violent protests (ex.: and protests (ex.: and Salt MarchSalt March).).

Salt March of 1930

Gandhi and the “homespun movement”

Tactics of Nonviolence Cont’d

India Gains India Gains Independence:Independence:

After WWII, Britain decided to After WWII, Britain decided to grant India independence.grant India independence.

HindusHindus and and MuslimsMuslims clashed over clashed over who would have power in India.who would have power in India.

Conflict between Conflict between HindusHindus and and MuslimsMuslims resulted in the creation resulted in the creation of Pakistan (of Pakistan (Partition of IndiaPartition of India, , 1947).1947).

Flag of PakistanFlag ofIndia

Bangladesh was created as a Bangladesh was created as a result of cultural and economic result of cultural and economic differences between East and differences between East and West Pakistan.West Pakistan.

Formerly West Pakistan

Formerly East Pakistan

Flag ofBangladesh

India Today:India Today:

India has experienced conflict India has experienced conflict with Pakistan and China over with Pakistan and China over borders and related territorial borders and related territorial issues.issues.

Fighting in Kashmir

National unity in India has been National unity in India has been hindered by conflicts between hindered by conflicts between SikhsSikhs, , HindusHindus, and , and MuslimsMuslims..

Caste systemCaste systemCaste systemCaste system is illegal, but still is illegal, but still practiced in India today because it practiced in India today because it is encouraged by village customs is encouraged by village customs and traditions.and traditions.

“Untouchable”