acute gastroenteritis for pediatrics

8/4/2019 Acute Gastroenteritis for Pediatrics

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ACUTE GASTROENTERITISFOR

PEDIATRICSJamila B. Mohammad

BSN2-k


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DEFINITION

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomachand intestines that causes diarrhea, vomiting,nausea and other symptoms of digestive upset. Inthe industrialized world, the most common causes

of gastroenteritis in children are viruses, bacteria(food poisoning), and intestinal parasites.


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ETIOLOGY

Infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, and parasites)

- Lack of clean water

- Crowding

- Poor hygiene

- Nutritional deficiency

- Poor sanitation

- Administration of antibiotics

- Viruses cause 70%to 80% of infectious diarrhea


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MICROORGANISMSCAUSING A.G.E

VirusesGenerally, the two main types of viruses that cause gastroenteritis

include the rotavirus and the norovirus.

BacteriaCommon bacteria that cause acute gastroenteritis include E. coli,

Campylobacter jejuni, Samonella and Shigella

ParasitesParasites such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum can

cause acute gastroenteritis


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CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

In children, symptoms of gastroenteritis include: Mild diarrhea Abdominal pain

Cramps Vomiting Irritability (fussiness) Poor appetite

Some children also have a low-grade fever orcomplain of a headache.


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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-DIARRHEA

Pathogen invades the mucosal cells of the GI tract

Normal sodium and osmotic balance are disrupted

Intestinal fluid output overwhelms the absorptiveability of the GI tract.


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NURSINGROLEIN MANAGEMENTOFDIARRHEA

ASSESSMENT:

Observe general appearance and behavior.

Physical assessment include:

VITALSIGNS , WEIGHING HISTORYTAKING
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NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Diarrhea related to infectious process

Subjective cues:

Abdominal pain

Urgency, crampingObjective cues:

Hyperactive bowel sounds

Atleast three loose liquids stools per day

GOAL:

The child will reestablish and maintain normal patternof bowel functioning.


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NURSING INTERVENTIONSAND RATIONALES

Obtain baseline vital signsand monitor every 24 hours.

Observe stools for amount,color, consistency, odor, andfrequency

Test stools for occult blood

Monitor results of stoolculture and sample for ovaand parasites.

Wash hands well before an

d after contact with the child. Isolate the child until the

cause of the diarrhea isdetermined.

Fluid and electrolyteimbalancescan alter vitalbody functions

Aids in the diagnosis and inmonitoring the childs status

Frequent defecation andsome infectious organismscan cause bleeding

Rapid notification of thephysician will facilitatetreatment.

Helps prevent transmission of

microorganisms. Prevents exposure of other

patients and staff


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CONT.

Assist the child with toiletingand hygiene

Administer prescribed oralrehydration and intravenous

solutions.

Notify the physician ifdiarrhea persists, stool

characteristics change, orother symptoms ofdehydration/electrolyteimbalance occur.

The child may be weak,incontinent, physicallyimpaired, or anxious andrequire assistance to usethe bathroom

Provides necessary fluidsand nutrients

Ensures early intervention


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PREVENTION

Always wash your hands before eating and afterusing the comfort room.

Eat only properly cooked and stored food.

Bleach soiled linens used. Have vaccinations for salmonella typhi, vibrio

cholerae, and rotavirus.


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THANKS FOR VIEWING

acute gastroenteritis for pediatrics

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