a case for volunteer (amateur radio) emcomm
TRANSCRIPT
PEMA ACS Steering
Committee Spring 2013 rev 2
About Amateur Radio
FCC licensed radio enthusiasts
• 750,000 hams in USA
• 37,398 hams in Pennsylvania
Amateur Radio Service
• FCC Rules Part 97
• Voluntary, noncommercial communication service particularly with respect to providing emergency communications
• Expansion of the existing reservoir of trained operators, technicians and electronics experts
• Station and Operator are granted separate operating authority via license
• Generous grants of frequencies, modes; broad discretion in power, antenna and locations
• Examination-based operator licenses with three classes: Technician, General, Amateur Extra
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (“RACES”)
• Allows civil defense transmissions using Amateur Radio under a Presidential War Powers Act declaration, 47 USC §606 per 47 USC §97.407 (FCC Part 97 Subpart E, “RACES”)
• Stations must be registered by a civil defense organization
• Operators must be FCC licensed and certified as enrolled in that civil defense organization
• Communications restricted to certified civil defense stations
• Certification is valid only within the territory of the sponsoring civil defense organization
• Non-emergency training operations restricted to one hour per week and up to two State authorized drills per year, not to exceed 72 hours duration each
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About ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio
• More than 160,000 dues paying members
• 5,739 members in Pennsylvania
• 15 Divisions
• 71 Sections
• More than 2,000 affiliated radio clubs
• Trivia: ARRL’s diamond logo is the schematic diagram for a simple radio!
100 Years of Service
• Founded in 1914 by Hiram Percy Maxim, “W1AW”
• Non-profit educational institution headquartered in Newington, CT
• All 50 states, D.C., US Virgin Islands
• Elected Board of Directors
• Current President is Kay Cragie N3KN (late of Paoli, Chester County)
Mission: to Promote and Advance Amateur Radio
• Public Service
• Advocacy
• Education
• Technology
• Membership
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The Go-to Emcomm NGO
ARRL Trusted Partnerships
Proven Management
Field Operations
Education & Training
Consulting
Expertise
6/15/2013 4 ARRL: PEMA's Emcomm Partner
ARRL Public Service Timeline
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ARRL organized radiogram relays at its founding in 1914
• “Trunk Lines” similar to telegraph and telephone – “point-to-point” in today’s jargon
ARRL Emergency Corps (AEC) established 1935
• Renamed Amateur Radio Emergency Corps (AREC) in 1951
• Made emergency division of ARPSC in 1963
• Current name Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) was adopted in 1978
NTS organized in 1949
• Regularized point-to-point and ad hoc traffic relay with state-of-the-art network design
• Scalable and disciplined “Hub and Spoke” or “Star Schema”
ARRL & FCC create RACES in1952
• Based on WWII-era “War Emergency Radio Service”
• Subpart F permits transmissions during Presidential War Powers Act declaration
• Extremely rare – only once in post WWII-era (and that is perhaps an urban legend)
• With end of DOD/FCDA*, RACES was orphaned to the discretion of state and local governments
Amateur Radio Public Service Corps chartered in 1963
• Now simply, “the Field Organization”
* Federal Civilian Defense Administration
National MOUs
ARRL
ARC APC
O
BSA
Citizen
Corps
CAP
FCC
FEMA
NFCC
NVOAD
REACT
SATERN
SKY-WAR
N
SBE
US Power Sqdn
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Clockwise:
ARC
APCO
BSA
Citizen Corps
CAP
FCC
FEMA
NFCC
NVOAD
REACT
SATERN
SKYWARN
SBE
USPS
A Volunteer Emcomm Solution
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Partner with ARRL for program management
• Frees PEMA’s budget and manpower for primary mission
• Leverage ARRL’s core competency: volunteer emcomm management
ARRL’s value proposition
• Organization: leverage League’s existing structures and networks
• Program Management: from strategy to implementation, at state, county and local levels
• Equipment: substantial private inventory of interoperable assets
• Relationships: in many counties and metro EMAs
• Accountability: from qualified and respected leaders
• Training: broadly available, cost-effective, rigorous and flexible to your requirements
• Efficiency: through single-source provider concept
PEMA retains policy control
• Authority and scope of program
• Service level agreements (SLA)
• Statewide certification requirements
• Single POC for program management and reporting
• Minimal PEMA overhead and resource commitment
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Links to existing PEMA command structures
• State level: standards and coordination
• Local level: operations and command
• ARESMAT addresses escalation demands internally
Facilitated integration of Disaster Response NGOs
• Existing MOUs in many cases
• Integration on a logical, needs-driven basis
• Respects existing—and dedicated—missions while ensuring full capability in disaster
Unbeatable Cost-Benefit Ratio
• ARRL, ARES, and NTS are completely volunteer organizations
• Operators come with substantial equipment and training
• Additional training requirements can leverage PEMA or ARRL methodologies
Benefits to ARRL
• A prestigious new partnership
• Continued justification for Amateur spectrum allocation
• Civic goodwill and community visibility
• Targeted recruiting opportunities
• Fulfillment of our public service mission
• Personal satisfaction from a worthy endeavour
Field Organization
Amateur Radio Emergency Service® --est. 1935
National Traffic System® --est. 1914/1949
FCC Amateur Auxiliary --Official Observers Corps
--from earliest days of ARRL
FCC Volunteer Examiners --license testing responsibility since 1982
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ARRL Public-Private Cooperation
Federal Communications Commission
• RACES: ARRL partnered with FCC and DOD to establish this Civil Defense framework under Amateur Radio Service regulations.
• Volunteer Examiner Coordinator System (VEC): developed modern concept of VE testing in 1982
• Developed and administered all amateur exam elements since 1984
• ARRL administers 2/3 of all exams
• FCC Amateur Radio Auxiliary recruits from the ARRL’s Official Observer Corps
• We are proud to be “self-policing” to the highest level of “good engineering practice”
National Weather Service
• ARRL helped launch SKYWARN in 1970s
• Established many local networks
• Continues to support via ARES® units
International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)
•ARRL acts as IARU’s International Secretariat
•Supplies headquarters staff and offices
•Represents Amateur Radio at ITU and WRC meetings
•Leading member of GAREC Committee (Global Amateur Radio Emergency Comms)
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Education & Training
Continuing Education Programs
• Extensive catalog of courses on technology, operating practices, electronics, propagation
• Online and CD/DVD
• Classroom with live instructor available for ARECC
• EC-001, Introduction to emergency Communication
• EC-016, Public Service and Emergency Communications Management for Radio Amateurs
Teaching and Testing
• Volunteer Examiners
• Volunteer Instructors
• Mentors
ARRL Publications
• Monthly organ “QST”
• QEX and NCJ
• Extensive press catalogue of technical books, operating manuals (even adventure novels!)
• CD and DVD catalogue is very healthy and growing
Amateur Radio in the Classroom
• Teacher training
• Syllabus support
• Teaching aids
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Consulting Expertise
Membership
• Technical consulting (Volunteer Consulting Engineer program)
• Legal advice (Volunteer Counsel program)
Regulators
• ARRL Monitoring System (“Intruder Watch”) and FCC Amateur Auxiliary
• Independent studies and research
• Regulation development and commentary
• Lobbying and advocacy
Industry
• Participation through industry associations
• ARRL Publications, “The Handbook”
General public
• RFI complaints
• Municipalities and zoning ordinances
• Emergency communications support issues
• Misc. legal issues
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Amateur Radio Emergency Service
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County-level volunteer radio units
• More than1,000 registered operators in Pennsylvania
• Skill and performance levels can be impressive (e.g., Chester Co. ARES/RACES)
• All have basic radio skills and desire to serve
• Emergency Coordinator leads operations, often from county EOC
• Best practice: doubles as county’s RACES officer
• Builds response team from the local community
Personally owned equipment
• Basic capability is VHF/UHF fone (voice)
• Many stations are HF and Data capable using AX.25 Packet, Pactor and NBEMS
• Members are encouraged to create “go kits”, have backup power at home, and frequently own four-wheel drive vehicles
ARESMAT: Mutual Assistance Team Concept
• Organizes and directs operators willing to travel to disaster zones
• Helps minimize spontaneous volunteer difficulties
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ARES unit-owned equipment
• VHF/UHF repeaters are commonly established
• Some units receive financial support from local authorities and regional authorities
• Enables sophisticated Amateur infrastructure and advanced capabilities
• Linked repeater systems
• D-STAR digital voice and digital data
• Typically enjoy dedicated space at county EOC, the “ARES Room”
Quality control and coordination
• Oversight exercised by hierarchical oversight/coordination
• Section, District and County levels
• Peer review
ARRL offers training and credentialing
• “Official Emergency Station” is the basic ARES credential
• ARECC EC-001 provides introductory training including NIMS/ICS and actual field practices, aligned with FEMA/NFA home-study courses
• ARECC EC-016 provides advanced training for ARES management personnel
• Courses are updated periodically to incorporate evolving best practices
National Traffic System
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Proven and dependable wide-area coverage
• System covers 83 Sections in U.S.A. and Canada
• Almost 800 relay stations active in 2013
• Eastern Area NTS, Feb 2013
• 2,450 messages relayed manually
• 9,477 messages relayed digitally
• Transcontinental Corps, Feb 2013
• 1,219 messages relayed manually
NTS is a system not a specific technology
• 800 operators in all US states, Canadian provinces and ARRL sections
• Hierarchical and scalable - up to 4 cycles/day
• Emergency operations may be ad hoc
• Point-to-point relay
• Multimode to interface with any available networks and stations
• Traditional nets operate using CW (Morse code) and SSB fone
• NTS Digital is an automated HF network
• Winlink software customized for automatic operation
• Uses SCS Pactor III technology for high-speed HF backbone links
• Basic credential is “Official Relay Station” appointment
NTS Digital HF Relay Network
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Digital Relay Station
Regional MBO Station
Area Hub Station
National Organizational Structure
Articles of Association
By-laws
Elected Leadership
Board of Directors
Vice Directors
Section Managers
Appointed Officers
CEO
COO
CFO
CDO
CTO
HQ Staff
President
1st Vice President
2nd Vice President
VP of Int’l Affairs
Secretary Treasurer
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Legend
Elected by Membership
Professional Staff
Section Management Division Director
Section Manager
Section Emergency
Coordinator
District Emergency
Coordinators
County Emergency
Coordinators
Official Emergency
Stations
Section Traffic Manager
Net Managers
Official Relay Stations
Digital Relay Stations
Official Observer
Coordinator
Official Observers
Technical Coordinator
Technical Specialists
Public Information
Coordinators
Public Information
Officers
State Government
Liaison
Local Government
Liaison
Affiliated Club Coordinator
ARRL Affiliated Clubs
Legal
Counsel
Consulting Engineers
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Elected Appointed
Legend
•Executive
•Management
•Supervisory
•Specialist
Ops Management
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Sponsor
Coordinate
Supervise
Liaison
Perform
Radio Service Amateur Radio
Service Personal Radio Service
(GMRS) Personal Radio Service
(FRS) Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS)
Public Radio Service (CB)
Private Land Mobile Radio
Alternate Names Ham Radio, Wireless
General Mobile Radio Service
Family Radio Service
"Color Dot" Citizens Band Business Band "Color Dot"
Intended Use Enthusiasts, Experimental
Business, Personal Personal Business, Personal, Industrial
Business, Personal Business, Industrial, Public Safety
FCC Regulations Part 97 Part 95 A Part 95 B Part 95 J Part 95 D Part 90 C
Operating Grant Licensed Licensed By Rule * By Rule * By Rule * Licensed
License Term 10 years 5 years -- -- -- 10 years
Filing Fee $25 $80 -- -- -- $210 + other fees
Authorized Operations
International National National National National Assigned Territory
Frequency Allocation
MF/HF/VHF/UHF/ SHF/EHF + 1.8 MHz – 250 GHz in defined bands (named by wavelength)
UHF 462—467 MHz
UHF 462—467 MHz
VHF 151—154 MHz
HF 26.9—27.4 MHz
HF/VHF/UHF 25-50MHz 72-76 MHz 150-174 MHz 421-512 MHz 800/900/1430MHz
Channel Assignments
Frequency Agile (no restrictions)
23 1
(7 shared with FRS) 14 5 40 Numerous 3
w/trunking
Interference Self-coordinated Shared Shared Shared Shared Shared (exc. PS)
Appendix 1: Public Radio Services, Licensing & Regulatory Environment*
8 February 2012
20
Two-Way Radio Services in the United States
* “By Rule” means no operator or station license is required and none are granted. However, operators are required to comply with applicable FCC regulations.
1 Channels are restricted near US/Canadian border as certain frequencies are used in Canada by other radio services.
2 Deviation is restricted per channel used.
3 Channels are assigned by application to FCC-designated "Frequency Coordinators" and are allocated by intended purpose/demonstrated need.
4 Maximum power determined by regulation based on required service area and antenna height.
5 Station construction permits required.
* Reprinted with permission from Two-Way Radio Services in the United States, © 2012 by Joseph Ames W3JY
Radio Service Amateur Radio
Service Personal Radio Service
(GMRS) Personal Radio Service
(FRS) Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS)
Public Radio Service (CB)
Private Land Mobile Radio
Maximum Power
1,500W output 50W out mobile 15W out fixed sta. 5W out. small base 5/0.5W ERP W-T
0.5W ERP 2W output 4W output 12W PEP (SSB)
1,000W HF 300W HF/VHF-Low 500W VHF-High 4 500W UHF + 4
Typical Power 100W 0.5W 0.5W 2W 4W 5W-50W
Modes AM, FM, SSB, CW, Data, Video
FM FM AM, FM, Data AM, SSB AM, SSB, FM, Data
CTCSS/DCS X X X X -- X
Encryption -- -- -- -- -- X
Handheld X X X X X X
Mobile X X -- X X X
Base X X -- X X X 5
Repeaters X X -- -- -- X
Phone Patch X -- -- -- -- X
Antenna Restrictions
None. (FAA and municipal codes apply)
20' freestanding or 20' above building/tree
Integrated, non-modifiable
60' freestanding 20' above building
60' freestanding 20' above building
VARIOUS
Realistic Range Global Local (+) Line of Sight (+) Local (-) Local (-) Local (+)
Typical Cost of Equipment
VARIES <$100 entry-level >$10,000 premium
Commercial grade: $150 hand held $400 mobile
Consumer grade: >$10 walkie-talkie
Commercial grade: $100 to $500
Consumer grade: $60 - $200 mobile <$100 walkie-talkie
Commercial grade: VARIOUS
Appendix 2: Public Radio Services: Regulated Capabilities*
8 February 2012
21
Two-Way Radio Services in the United States
* Reprinted with permission from Two-Way Radio Services in the United States, © 2012 by Joseph Ames W3JY
ARRL EPA Section Emergency Net Index
May 2014
Name Service Area Freq (MHz) Offset PL Mode Scheduled Time Comments
NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM
Eastern Area Net (EAN) Eastern US 7.243 LSB 1430 ET NTS scheduled net
Third Region Net (3RN) DE, MD, PA 7.243 LSB 1600 ET NTS scheduled net - alt 3.917
"" DE, MD, PA 3557.000 CW 1945 & 2130 NTS scheduled net
Pennsylvania Traffic Net (PTN) EPA + WPA 3.585 CW 1900 + 2200 ET NTS scheduled net, formerly EPA and WPA, now merged
EPA Echolink Traffic Net (EAETN) EPA 146.640 - 82.5 FM 2000 ET Thurs via AA3RG (Pine Grove) and Echolink node AA3RG-R
EPA Emergency Phone & Traffic Net (EPAEPTN) EPA 3.917 LSB 1800 ET EPA Section ARES Guard Frequency; NTS scheduled net
WPA Phone & Traffic Net WPA 3.983 LSB 1800 ET NTS scheduled net; wintertime 3.983MHz, 1645 ET
ARES/RACES
PEMA/RACES Eastern Pa. 3.9875 LSB 0900 ET SUN RACES scheduled net
"" Central Pa. 3.9935 LSB 0830 ET SUN RACES scheduled net
"" Western Pa. 3.9905 LSB 0900 ET SUN RACES scheduled net
"" Pennsylvania 3.9935 LSB 0800 ET 1st SUN RACES scheduled net / Primary emergency freq
"" Pennsylvania 3.9845 LSB Wartime/Emergency Secondary emergency frequency
"" Pennsylvania 3.9995 LSB Wartime/Emergency Secondary emergency frequency
"" Pennsylvania 7.2545 LSB Wartime/Emergency Secondary emergency frequency
"" Pennsylvania 7.2505 LSB Wartime/Emergency Secondary emergency frequency
PEMA Eastern Area EPA 146.835 - 88.5 FM Wartime/Emergency PEMA network repeater, Eagleville
ARES District 1 Guard Frequency Greater Philadelphia 147.270 + 77 FM As Required Per MOU with WN3A
Bucks Co ARES Bucks Co. Pa. 147.090 + 131.8 FM 2100 ET Wed Bucks Co. Primary
Chester Co. ARES/RACES Net Chester Co. Pa. 146.940 131.8 FM 1930 ET Thurs W. Chester (linked to 440 UHF network) secondary
"" Chester Co. Pa. 446.175 + 100.0 FM 1930 ET Thurs South Chester-W. Chester (linked to 446.525 & 446.175) primary
"" Chester Co. Pa. 446.175 - 100.0 FM 1930 ET Thurs North Chester-W. Chester (linked to 446.525 & 448.875) primary
"" Chester Co. Pa. 446.525 - 100.0 FM 1930 ET Thurs Central Chester- W. Chester (linked to 446.175 & 448.875) primary
Delaware Co. ARES/RACES Net Delaware Co. Pa. 446.925 + 173.8 FM 1930 ET Wed Delaware Co. Primary
Montgomery Co. RACES Net Montgomery Co. Pa. 146.835 - 88.5 FM 1900 ET Thurs Weekly Net - VHF; Echolink
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 53.410 - 131.8 FM 1901 ET Thurs Weekly Net - VHF
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 449.125 - 88.5 FM 1900 ET Thurs Weekly Net - UHF Link
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 3.994 LSB 1900 ET Thurs Weekly HF Circuit Test - 1900-1915
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 28.410 USB 1915 ET Thurs Weekly HF Circuit Test - 1915-1930
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 445.01875 - DV 1900 ET Thurs Weekly Net - D-Star 445.01875/440.01875 MHz
"" Montgomery Co. Pa. 1255.575 - DV 1901 ET Thurs Weekly Net - D-Star 1255.5750/1243.5750 MHz
Philadelphia ARES Net Philadelphia, Pa. 147.030 + 91.5 FM 2100 ET Sun Philadelphia
Philadelphia ARES Net Philadelphia, Pa. 444.800 + 186.2 FM 2100 ET Sun Philadelphia
SKYWARN
Montgomery Co. Skywarn Montgomery Co. Pa. 146.835 - 88.5 FM As Required Activated ad hoc
Chester Co. Skywarn Chester Co Pa. 146.940 - 131.8 FM As Required + + + +unconfirmed + + + +
Delco Skywarn Delaware Co Pa. 446.925 - 173.8 FM As Required
EPA VHF Nets
K3PDR D -STAR Net Philadelphia Metro 445.18125 - DV 2000 ET Mondays Sponsored by Phila. Digital Radio Association
Lower Bucks Co. Emcom Group 2m FM Simplex Net Lower Bucks Co Pa 147.420 FM 2010ET Mondays Alternate 147.450
Marple -Newtown Weather & Information Net Philadelphia Metro 147.195 + 100.0 FM 0830 ET Daily Sponsored by Marple -Newtown ARC K3MN/R
EPA Emergency Net Data 2014-05-18.xlsx Page 1 of 2
ARRL EPA Section Emergency Net Index
May 2014
Name Service Area Freq (MHz) Offset PL Mode Scheduled Time Comments
Mid Atlantic D -STAR Net Mid Atlantic US 147.610 - DV 2002 ET alt. Tuesdays K3PDR- Phila. Digital Radio Association
"" Mid Atlantic US 445.18125 - DV 2000 ET alt. Tuesdays K3PDR- Phila. Digital Radio Association
"" Mid Atlantic US 440.01875 - DV 2001 ET alt. Tuesdays AA3E Monco RACES repeater
LDS Church Emcomm Net PA/NJ/NY various FM 2100 ET Wednesdays BEARS network / linked repeaters
RF Hill Traffic Net Bucks Co Pa 145.310 - 131.8 Wed, Sun 2000 ET RF Hill NTS Net
HF Service Nets - Misc.
East Coast Amateur Radio Service (ECARS) Eastern/Coastal US 7.255 LSB Daytime hours Public service net for mobile operators
Maritime Mobile Service Net / Intercontinental Net Global 14.300 USB Noon - 9PM ET H&W for maritime vessels, overseas servicemen
Midwest Amateur Radio Service Midwestern US 7.258 LSB Daytime hours Public service net for mobile operators
North Central Amateur Radio Service Northern Midwest US 7.197 LSB Daytime hours Public service net for mobile operators
Radio Rescue Net CONUS 3.911 LSB Local Nighttime Monitored guard freq for mobile distress, ass't (MMN)
SATERN HF CONUS 14.265 USB 1500Z M -Sat Disaster Response / Training
SATERN HF - Eastern Area ("SATEAST") East region US 7.265 LSB 1700Z Sat Disaster Response / Training
South Coast Amateur Radio Service Gulf Coast Rehion US 7.251 LSB Daytime hours Public service net for mobile operators
NY-NJ-NE
Central Jersey Traffic Net Central NJ 146.760 - 156.7 FM 2000 ET LATE SESSION
Jersey Shore ARS Traffic Net Jersey Shore 146.895 - 151.4 FM 1930 Daily
New England Weather Net New England and East Coast 3.905 LSB 0530--0630 daily Weather and information for New England and East Coast
New Jersey Net State of NJ 3.544 1900 & 2200 ET
New Jersey Phone Net State of NJ 3.950 LSB 1700 ET M-Sat, 0900 Sun NTS Affiliate
New Jersey VHF Net NNJ Section 146.700 - 141.3 FM 2230 ET LATE SESSION
"" NNJ Section 146.895 - 151.4 FM 1930 ET EARLY SESSION
New York State Operations Net New York State 3.925 LSB 1700 ET NTS scheduled net
South Jersey Traffic Net SNJ Section 145.470 - 127.3 FM 2000 ET M-W-F-Sun EARLY SESSION
"" SNJ Section 147.150 * 127.3 FM 2001 ET M-W-F-Sun EARLY SESSION
"" SNJ Section 147.345 + 127.3 FM 2000 ET T-Th-Sat LATE SESSION
LDS Church Emcomm Net PA/NJ/NY various FM 2100 ET Wednesdays BEARS network / linked repeaters
DEL-MAR-VA
Delaware Traffic Net DE 3.905 LSB 1830 ET M -Sa NTS Scheduled Net
Delmarva Emergency Net DE, MD, VA 3.905 LSB 1830 ET Sun Delmarva peninsular region
Maryland Emergency Net MD 3.821 LSB 1800 ET NTS scheduled net; 1730 ET wintertime hours
Radio Email Target Station (Winlink2000 to NTS Digital Network Gateway)
NTSD 3RN MBO/BBS - W3JY DE, MD, PA EAN, TCC HF Scanning Pactor 1-3 Full-time Scanning HF: 3591.9; 3593.9; 7100.4;7102.4; 10140.9; 10142.9
"" SEPA/DE/SNJ 145.010 1200B Packet Full-time Packet 145.010
EPA Emergency Net Data 2014-05-18.xlsx Page 2 of 2
COLLECTED HISTORIES
OF THE
AMATEUR RADIO PUBLIC SERVICE CORPS
THE LEGACY OF GEORGE HART W1NJM (SK)
i
Table of Contents Editor’s Note ................................................................................................................................................. 1
How It All Started—the NTS .......................................................................................................................... 1
A History of the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) ............................................................... 3
The Beginning of RACES ............................................................................................................................ 3
A Short History of ARES and NTS .................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 1: George Hart’s original design for Amateur Radio Public Service Corps .......................................................... 1
EDITOR’S NOTE
This compilation of living history
articles was prepared in 2013 by Joe Ames
W3JY of the Eastern Area Staff of the
National Traffic System
Figure 1: George Hart’s original design for Amateur Radio Public Service Corps
1
HOW IT ALL STARTED—THE NTS
By George Hart W1NJM, August 1974 QST
Although the National Traffic System
first went into operation in 1949, this was
by no means the first ARRL-organized
venture into organized traffic handling. In
fact, as most of us who have done our
homework on ARRL history know,
organized traffic handling was the basic
reason for the founding of ARRL.
But let’s not go into all that, because
it’s all in “Two Hundred Meters and Down’.
Suffice it to say that “Trunk Lines” existed
in the teens and twenties and became really
widespread in the thirties, right up to the
advent of World War II. By that time,
however spot frequency network operation
was starting to take hold, and the concept
of Trunk Lines was approaching
obsolescence. That is, instead of
consecutive schedules along the points of
the Trunk Line, which had become
standard procedure, several stations would
meet on a spot frequency and find that
some of the TL points could be bypassed.
Then other stations off the points of the
trunk, hearing the hubbub, would offer
coverage of another city, and would be
accepted into the growing group. First thing
you know, here was a loosely-organized
regional net, not a Trunk Line in the
traditional sense at all.
This gradual demise of the Trunk Line
concept was interrupted by the late 1941
unpleasantness and was not resumed until
1947, when reorganization commenced
from headquarters under the supervision
first of W1JMY, then of W6JQB, who
became “National Trunk Line Manager”
(and sorted DXCC cards) and W1QMI.
Traffic men, after the first blush of getting
back on the air following the long wartime
hiatus, rushed to join in the reorganization,
and soon the Trunk Lines were “in
business” again.
But things were not quite the same.
The rigid pre-war “iron man” requirement
that all participants be ORS appointees and
able to operate every night (except
weekends) started to break down. The
immediate-pre-war conditions shortly
prevailed again, and the so-called Trunk
Lines started to become spot-frequency
nets, with
tentacles extending far off their
prescribed routes and often into another
line’s “territory” and the threat of hodge-
podge soon became apparent. Complaints
from newcomers started to arrive at
headquarters that the TL concept was
obsolete. Independent nets started to
appear in increasing numbers, some of
them including former trunkliners
disenchanted with the old setup. Efforts by
headquarters to hold the Trunk Lines
together became increasingly difficult.
Something had to be done.
Cherished traditions die hard, and
Trunk Lines were among the most
cherished by many old-time traffic men of
the day. When the league, in 1949,
2
embarked on the establishment of a
National Traffic System entirely different
and separate from the Trunk Lines, the
procedure was cautious, exploratory,
tentative. First a survey was conducted to
determine the amount of support from
traffic leaders, then a QST article (“new
traffic plan” QST sept. 1949), then
correspondence to line up leaders, and
finally a shaky start of operation on Oct. 1,
1949. The Trunk Lines continued, and
headquarters continued to support them;
but they were not pushed, as NTS was, and
gradually their members shifted their
operation to NTS nets until the ARRL Trunk
Lines eventually faded away. A few
continued to operate independently but
were “Trunk Lines” in name only; actually
they were spot frequency nets, similar to
the new NTS nets.
In the first few years if its existence,
the infant NTS survived what must have
been one of the worst sunspot nulls in
history. Winter and summer, conditions on
80 meters were consistently described as
“horrible.” In wintertime, the muf dipped so
low that often the band was completely
dead during the evening hours when the
nets operated. In summer, QRN added to
the woes. But NTS adherents hung in there,
and when sunspots started to reappear in
sufficient numbers to re-establish “normal”
conditions, more traffic men joined in. Not
until then did it become an established and
recognized fact that NTS was here to stay.
The sixties were the “heyday” of NTS.
Propagation conditions were generally good,
participation was high, pride in a “tight
organization” was great. Long before the
advent of ARRL Advisory committees, “Area
Staffs” of NTS were formed to assist the
ARRL
Communications Manager, in
administration of the extensive system.
(actually the Pacific Area Staff was formed
experimentally in 1952, but similar staffs in
Eastern and Central areas were formed
more than a decade later). Managership
posts at the region, area, and TCC levels
became sought-after by traffic men, and
held on to when acquired, sometimes for
more than a decade.
Not until the turn of the 70’s and the
advent of voice-operated monitoring nets
and other phone nets on the high
frequencies did NTS start coming under fire
as a possible-inept and obsolescent
amateur public service. Most such nets
operated daytimes and many of them were
highly successful in obtaining prompt
delivery of traffic, but all were
independently organized and appeared to
prefer to remain that way. Since NTS was
primarily designed to operate during the
evening hours when most amateurs are
available, and since there appeared to be a
sizable contingent of amateurs who
operated daytimes but preferred NTS
connection, a “Daytime NTS” was set up for
trial and is even now in operation on that
basis. As in the original NTS, the going is
slow and tough, and although conditions
don’t seem to be as bad as they were in the
early fifties, they are bad enough.
3
Mode? Well, it always seems to be a
basis for controversy, but NTS was never
set up specifically with one mode in mind,
has never been exclusive in that respect
and still isn’t—and that includes both the
daytime and evening contingents. True, in
the beginning NTS seemed to attract mostly
cw operators, almost exclusively so at
regional level and above, and most if not all
evening operation at such levels is now
conducted by that mode. Conversely, the
net NTS (Daytime)—NOT a different
system—is getting its start on the phone
bands. But in principle, the NTS selects the
mode to suit the need, within availabilities.
It will use the best mode for the purpose of
traffic men capable of using that mode are
available. If not, it will use the mode in
which traffic men are available. This is the
only practical way to run a traffic-handling
system.
In conclusion, here are some calls of
early pioneer in NTS. How many do you
recognize, and how many are still around?
W1BVR,
W2s: LRW CLL PRE,
W3GEG
W4s: ANK BAZ NNJ,
W5GZU
W6s: CE JZ
W7s: CZY FIX WJ,
W8s: NOH SCW UPB YCP,
W9s: CBE TT,
W0s: AUL BE HMM IC SCA ZJO,
VE’s 2GM 3ATR 3BUR 3GL.
---W1NJM
----- -----
A HISTORY OF THE RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL
EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES)
As written by George Hart K6RXU, originally published in the Fall 2005 edition of the QCWA Journal. (c) 2005 QCWA and George Hart. Reprinted with permission.
The Beg inning of RACES While NTS held my main personal
interest during the early 50's, I had many
other functions as "National Emergency
Coordinator." The original concept of a man
from headquarters to take charge didn't
work out, partly because it was the wrong
concept in the first place, partly because
Doc Hayes, who was the right type to
implement this concept, undertook it with a
supercilious and peremptory demeanor
which stirred up a lot of antagonism in the
field.
ARRL had its own organization for
emergency communications known first as
the ARRL Emergency Corps (AEC) in pre-
WWII days, starting in 1935. With postwar
reactivation, in an effort to recruit more
amateurs, whether ARRL members or not,
the name was changed to the Amateur
Radio Emergency Corps and the
organization better defined with leaders
appointed by the SCM at local and section
levels and by ARRL headquarters at
national level. At national level, therefore, I
as National Emergency Coordinator was the
nominal leader of the AREC. I never let this
high-sounding title go to my head. I even
protested to my boss, Ed Handy, that the
title was inappropriate, that a more
appropriate title would be "Assistant
Communications Manager for Emergency
4
Preparedness" or, since I was also the
architect and nominal leader of NTS,
"Assistant Communications Manager for
Public Service." But Ed decided we must
retain the NEC title to conform to the
Board's original mandate. So I was stuck
with it, and had difficulty in the field
overcoming some of the resentment Doc
had caused.
My next ploy was to chuck the "take
charge" concept of the "man from HQ" and
replace it with that of a general advisor to
develop principles of organization and
operation, to make the AREC a single
strong facility of groups working together in
a national plan. Ed was more receptive to
this change. The man on the scene (the
Emergency Coordinator) was obviously the
best suited to take charge at the local level,
because he knew the people and the
problems existing at that level. The Section
Emergency Coordinator would try to tie
together all these local groups to form a
section or state plan. My job would be to tie
all the state plans together into a national
plan for emergency communications,
issuing bulletins to keep everyone advised
of the national picture, presenting ideas
and advice for organizing, general
philosophizing, a little humor, etc. I would
also undertake field trips to "spread the
word," but not to try to organize or
reorganize at the state or local level.
While all this was going on,
negotiations were proceeding at the federal
government level to put amateur radio in
the forefront of civilian defense
communications. Most of these negotiations
were taking place above me, by
Communications Manager Ed Handy,
General Manager A. L. Budlong, and
President George Bailey; but I was definitely
involved. I was eager to have our AREC
recognized as the amateur radio facility to
provide this service under our direction and
management; but it soon became quite
clear that this was not to be, and nobody
but I seemed to think it was desirable. It
would be a government facility run by
government agencies - the FCC to provide
regulations, the newly-created Federal Civil
Defense Administration under the
Executive Office of the President to provide
administration and direction, the ARRL to
provide advice and bodies.
I recall two names at national
government level most involved with the
formation of RACES - Red Rollins of FCC
and Bob Burton of FCDA. Both were
working-level people in their respective
agencies, to iron out the shape and form of
this new service. Unlike WERS, the new
service would be an amateur service and its
regulations part of the Amateur Radio
Service regulations. It would be run by
amateurs under the aegis of FCDA and
local civil defense agencies. The underlying
theme was defense against enemy attack,
and this meant that this part of the
amateur service would continue to function
even under national emergency conditions;
therefore, adequate security measures had
to be taken - which was the main reason
why the AREC was not involved officially
5
but very much involved in practice. Neither
Rollins nor Burton were particularly
friendly to ARRL, but both were very much
aware of our involvement and I had many
trips to Washington and Battle Creek in the
50's to deal with mutual problems. This
was a period during the onset of the "cold
war" in which civil defense preparedness
was paramount.
One of the things that seemed most to
concern Rollins and Burton at the
beginning was what to name the new
amateur service. I tended to be impatient
with this, but Rollins insisted that the
name furnish an acronym that was
pronounceable and, if possible, spelled a
word. After expenditure of goodness knows
how much government time they came up
with the name "Radio Amateur Civil
Emergency Service," RACES. What amused
me and what I often remarked about was
that after all the brainpower wasted in
devising this name and suitable acronym,
most government employees pronounced it
"racies." Another amusing story was that
when someone in FCDA tried to requisition
receiving equipment for monitoring RACES
operations, a curt reply came back that
receiving equipment is not issued for the
purpose of "listening to the races.".
Be all this as it might, what it boiled
down to was that although licensed
amateurs would be at the forefront in
administering this new service, direction,
guidance and implementation would be
conducted by government agencies, not by
ARRL/AREC. I considered it a blow to our
prestige, but most amateurs, even those at
leadership levels, seemed quite content. At
least it would be an amateur service, not
cloaked under another name. And if war
with communist countries developed it
would continue to operate, although under
strict security measures.
I must have made at least a dozen trips
to Battle Creek, Mich., where FCDA was
established, sometimes staying for days at
a time to attend civil defense functions
being conducted there. Travel was by air
direct to Detroit, but from there to Battle
Creek by local feeder flights of North
Central or Lake Central Airlines. The
connections were usually tenuous at best.
The aircraft were almost exclusively DC-3's,
the workhorses of much early commercial
air traffic but relegated to local flights after
the industry started producing bigger craft
capable of longer flights at higher speed.
The DC-3's could land and take off from
short runways with their small economical
engines and wide wingspread with
considerable reliability, but were easily
storm-tossed. I remember several flights
between Detroit and Battle Creek during
stormy weather in which passengers
became airsick, including myself on a
couple of occasions. Hotel accommodations
were at the Hart Hotel or the Post Tavern.
The former was the more modem, the latter
a very old relic of previous grandeur but
nevertheless very interesting. I became
closely acquainted with many of the
working staff during this period in the
middle "50's.
6
In New York, State Civil Defense
Communications Officer Vincent Kenney,
W2BGO, formed the Northeastern States
Civil Defense Amateur Radio Alliance
(NSCDARA), comprising RACES personnel
from all the New England states plus New
York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
NSCDARA became quite prominent in
RACES affairs and eventually changed its
name to United States Civil Defense
Amateur Radio Alliance (USCDARA) and
undertook to represent many other states. I
recall meetings held in New York City,
Battle Creek, Montpelier, Vt. and
Wilmington, Del., all of which I attended as
an ARRL representative. I also attended
FCDA regional conferences of civil defense
directors and communications officers all
over the U.S. and made many
acquaintances among not only government
employees but also employees of various
industries trying to get in on the civil
defense bandwagon. Prominent among
these was AT&T, which was trying to
promote its alerting system called
"Conelrad." I had several verbal bouts with
AT&T minions during this period., most of
them on the good-natured side. My
principal contention was that AT&T claimed
to have everything under control and could
provide all facilities necessary for civil
defense alerting and communication,
"provided you pay the rate," but that we
amateurs could do the same things on a
volunteer basis at no expense to anyone
but ourselves. I was out of my depth trying
to compete with highly-paid AT&T
employees, but nevertheless commanded
quite a bit of respect from government
people. Even some of the commercial people
attending these conferences recognized us
amateurs as having a vital stake in
communications matters. At one point I
attended, along with Ed Handy, a civil
defense regional conference at Oiney, Md.,
followed by a week of attendance at the civil
defense staff college, where I learned many
things I really didn't need to know but also
made many new acquaintances among
prominent civil defense people.
The Amateur Radio Public Service
Corps
It was a challenging and most
interesting period, and a very busy one for
me. All this travel and attendance at
conferences required extended absences
from my desk, where the work piled up and
often required many late hours after I
returned, because I had no understudy or
assistant at that time. At home evenings I
participated in a number of NTS nets and
on weekends in ARRL contests and other
on-the-air activities. Contests did not seem
to interest me much and DX not at all, so in
them my participation was nominal; I
considered it part of my job as the No. 2
man in the CD to be active in all phases of
CD sponsorship. In Field Day, emergency
preparedness exercises and NTS operation I
was super-active, because these were my
special field. I was a founding member of
two local affiliated clubs, the Newington
Amateur Radio League and the Connecticut
Wireless Association, and served nearly all
7
the offices of both clubs, including
president. NARL was more of a social group
with only about a dozen diehard members
and was going down hill until it was revived
in the 60's and is now one of the most
active clubs in the area. CWA was a group
of CW experts with a member limit of 15
whose principal activity was Field Day. We
had high score in our class several times
and usually finished in the top ten; but I
lost interest when the members started
paying attention only to DX and DXCC and
eventually the club fell apart. However,
during its heyday through the 60's, 70's
into the 80's, CWA made its presence felt in
many activities and included in its
membership a number of ARRL employees,
such as Ed Handy, W1BDI; Joe Moskey,
W1JMY; John Cann, W1RWS; John
Lmdholm, W1DGL; and myself. In 1951, at
a hamfest in Jackson's Mill, W.Va., I joined
the QCWA. In later years I was a founding
member of two QCWA chapters, the Nutmeg
Chapter in Connecticut and the Royal Palm
Chapter in Naples, Fla.
But we are getting ahead of the story.
In the early 50's I tried to consolidate the
AREC and the NTS under one ARRL-
sponsored umbrella called the Amateur
Radio Public Service Corps (ARPSC). The
idea was that NTS would operate daily, 365
days a year, handling routine radiogram
traffic during normal times. The AREC
would conduct occasional drills to keep in
practice and a high state of preparedness.
Once a year we would conduct a simulated
emergency test nationwide in which the
AREC nets would become active at local
levels to handle simulated emergency
conditions and the NTS would provide both
local and long-distance record messages.
This required close cooperation between
these two divisions of ARPSC. When RACES
came into being, on order of the Board of
Directors I included RACES in ARPSC as a
third division. Much to my surprise and
dismay, the people in the federal
government who were implementing RACES
took exception to the inference that ARRL
was sponsoring RACES, so I quickly
rearranged the diagram to show that the
connection between RACES and ARPSC
was one of support, not sponsorship. This
settled the ruffled feathers, but it was a
harbinger of an uncomfortable relationship.
The civil defense people wanted to use
amateurs to fulfill their emergency
communications plans but they didn't want
to use the existing amateur radio
organization designed to do so. I thought
this was the wrong approach, that it
denigrated the existing amateur service the
League had worked so hard to organize for
years. I proposed that ARPSC and RACES
overlap each other, that AREC be the
principal emergency communications
system during peacetime, RACES during
wartime or other periods of national
emergency. I exhorted the local AREC
groups to participate in their local RACES
organizations but to maintain their AREC
identity also, to offer served agencies their
services during peacetime emergencies but
be ready and able to participate in RACES
8
whenever it was activated. The ideal was to
have the local EC serve as the RACES Radio
Officer or the RO to also be the EC, or at
least have a cordial relationship between
these two leaders, and for each entity to
have overlapping membership so they could
work together in any situation that arose.
This worked out well in some cases, in
some only partially, in some not at all; but I
still think it was the way to effect the
greatest good for the greatest number.
ARPSC never really took hold. Those
who handled written messages (NTS) and
those who were primarily interested in
emergency operations (AREC) had too little
in common to work well together, despite
my almost-frantic exhortations at times.
The AREC (which was changed to ARES
when it was decided we should not have a
"corps within a corps") and NTS went their
separate ways in operation and
preparation, only partially working together
during communications emergencies when
the principal function became the handling
of individual "welfare" messages. I ground
out page after page of bulletins to NTS and
AREC leadership, and editorial messages in
the "Public Service" section of QST, trying
to get NTS set up to operate on extended
schedules during emergencies and ARES to
train operators in handling official and
personal messages in proper format, with
limited success. Any enterprise
implemented almost entirely by unpaid
volunteers is unlikely to be completely
successful. I was not satisfied with limited
success and I suppose made quite a few
enemies as a result. NTS, ARES and RACES
still exist, still separate entities, and ARPSC
is a thing of the past.
----- -----
A SHORT HISTORY OF ARES AND NTS
By the Arkansas Section Traffic & Emergency Net Staff
ASTEN has been focused for some time
on ARES and the National Traffic System. I
thought it might be good food for thought to
cover some of the history of ARES and the
NTS. I know some of our new folks will
benefit from knowing the history and for all
those that already know it, it is pleasant to
our ears to know the history is still being
taught and shared with those that are
coming online today.
The history of the Amateur Radio
Emergency Service begins in 1935 with a
note in the Sept. 1935 issue of QST
magazine which is published by the ARRL
asking hams interested in signing up for
emergency communications to write to
League HQ in Newington CT. Initial
instructions were for members to contact
their local civic officials and offer their
services. The goal was to have at least one
ARRL Emergency Corps member in each
community. The first local emergency
coordinators were appointed in 1937.
Following WWII the position of Section
Emergency Coordinator was established as
an official appointment to be made by the
Section Communications Manager, (now
SM). In 1951 the AEC became the Amateur
Radio Emergency Corps. In 1963 the AREC
was made the emergency division of the
9
Amateur Radio Public Service Corps. In
1978 the AREC was changed to ARES.
The American Radio Relay League
(ARRL) sponsored the Amateur Radio Public
Service Corps (ARPSC), as a voluntary
organization of licensed amateur radio
operators. It was in answer to a Federal
Communications Commission mandate in
Part 97 under Basics and Purpose, to
enhance, "the value of the amateur service
as a voluntary non commercial
communications service, particularly with
respect to providing emergency
communications."
The Communications Department of
the ARRL in Newington, CT guides today all
activities of ARES and the NTS. In 1949 the
ARRL organized the National Traffic
System, which is the largest amateur
message relay system in the world and is,
used by amateur radio operators as a 365-
day a year public service.
The NTS is a system of traffic or
message handling nets, which meet daily
across the US. In this system a message
can be introduced at any point within the
system and be delivered at any other point
intact. This system covers all of the US, its
territories and possessions and all of
Canada. This takes quite a bit of
organization and training to accomplish. To
assure that a message is not lost or
changed in transit the NTS has over the
years established a format for message
transmission within the NTS. The ARRL
radiogram serves this purpose.
ARES and the NTS continue to play an
all important role in Emergency
communications. ARES and the NTS will
change in the future, as it always has in the
past. A look at the past teaches us that
things have always changed over time. The
important thing to remember is that as
changes come our way in the future, that
we don’t forget to teach the past to those
who come online.
----- -----
FOREWORD
The Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials-International, Inc., and the American Radio Relay League, Inc. (ARRL) share the common bond of communications in the public interest. APCO International is made up of Emergency Medical, Law Enforcement, Fire and other Public Safety Communications personnel whose primary responsibility is the management, design, maintenance and operation of communications facilities in the public domain.
The ARRL is a non-commercial association of radio amateurs bonded together for the promotion of interest in Amateur Radio communication and experimentation, for the relaying of messages by radio, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct.
While the members of APCO International are charged with responsibility of communications in the public interest as professional members of the public safety community, a primary responsibility of the Amateur Radio Service, as established by Part 97 of the Federal Communications Commission's regulations, is the rendering of public service communication for the general public, particularly in times of emergency, when normal communications are not available.
APCO International has, since its inception, taken the lead in establishing International standards for public safety communications. Through International Headquarters and Affiliates, APCO International strives for professionalism and continuity of communications through education, standardization and the exchange of information.
Organizing and coordinating Amateur Radio operators in the amateur frequency bands, the ARRL has been serving the general public directly and government and relief agencies for more than 75 years. To that end, in 1935 the league organized the Amateur Radio Emergency Corps (now called the Amateur Radio Emergency Service--ARES). In 1949 the League created the National Traffic System (NTS). Together, ARES and NTS comprise the League's public service Field Organization of volunteer radio amateurs. As leaders and representatives of radio amateurs, the ARRL has responsibilities in motivation, education, policy and leadership in promoting Amateur Radio functions in the public service, especially in times of emergency when the resources of radio amateurs may be most survivable communications available.
I. Purpose
The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement between the ARRL and APCO International that will serve as a broad framework within which volunteer personnel of the ARRL may coordinate their facilities and equipment with APCO International members and their agencies for disaster communications
II. Definition of Disaster
A disaster is either a natural or man-made occurrence that causes human suffering or human needs that the victims cannot alleviate without assistance and which rapidly depletes the resources of the responding agencies involved.
It will be understood and agreed that members of the Amateur Radio Emergency Service will neither seek nor accept any duties other than that of Amateur Radio communications.
III. Method of Cooperation
In order that the emergency communications facilities of the ARES and NTS may be coordinated and utilized to the fullest advantage during disasters, APCO International and ARRL agree to the following:
A. Through its national headquarters in Newington, Connecticut, the ARRL will establish regular liaison with the APCO International headquarters in South Daytona, Florida, through a standing committee of each organization. This liaison will provide the closest possible cooperation and direct operational assistance by the ARRL in emergency communications planning, and in the coordination of amateur radio communications facilities for disaster operations.
B. APCO International welcomes the cooperation and assistance of the American Radio Relay League, through its headquarters and its field organizations, to extend Amateur Radio emergency communications planning into the jurisdictions of APCO International chapters. APCO International chapters will be urged to further the cooperative effort by requesting that local ARRL ARES, and NTS personnel serve as disaster volunteers for emergency communications, with such personnel reporting to the ARES Emergency Coordinator of jurisdiction. ARRL ARES, and NTS volunteers, will be encouraged to take part in pre-disaster training and planning and to work with APCO International chapters to provide amateur radio communications equipment and volunteers, and to meet the needs of their disaster communications plans.
C. When a disaster occurs requiring the use of amateur radio communications facilities, APCO International, through an individual chapter and with the understanding of the agency (agencies) to be served, may recommend the assistance of the ARRL ARES, and NTS nearest the scene of the disaster. This assistance may include, but is not limited to the following:
2. The establishment and maintenance of fixed, mobile, and portable station emergency communication facilities for local radio coverage and point-to-point contact between public safety officials and locations, as required.
3. Maintenance of the continuity of communications for the duration of the emergency period or until normal communications channels are substantially restored.
D. ARRL agrees to supply APCO International with lists of emergency coordinators on an annual basis. APCO International agrees to supply ARRL with pertinent information and points of contact from the various chapters on an annual basis.
E. Detailed operating plans for the utilization of the communications facilities of the Amateur Radio service should be developed with APCO International chapters in cooperation with local ARRL ARES, and NTS personnel.
F. APCO International will recommend to its chapters that membership on disaster preparedness and relief committees include representation from the ARRL through its local ARES and NTS organizations.
G. APCO International will recommend to its membership that standing committees be appointed within the chapters as a means of maintaining liaison with local ARRL officials. APCO International will recommend to its chapters that local ARRL officials be admitted to appropriate APCO International training classes.
H. Each organization will distribute copies of this MOU through its field structure, and make copies available to other Organizations, both public and private, which may have an active interest in disaster operations.
This agreement is in force as of the date indicated below, and shall remain in effect unless terminated by written notification from either party to the other.
Signed unto this day, the twenty-fourth of October in the year 1996.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
BETWEEN
UNITED STATES POWER SQUADRONS®
AND
AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE INC
This MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING is between the United States Power
Squadrons®, a non-profit corporation under the laws of the State of North Carolina and
qualified as tax exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of the
United States (hereinafter “USPS”) and the American Radio Relay League Inc, an
incorporated association without capital stock under the laws of the State of Connecticut
and qualified as tax exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of the
United States (hereinafter “ARRL”).
WITNESSED THAT:
WHEREAS, ARRL was established in 1914 as a noncommercial association of radio
amateurs organized for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and
experimentation, for the establishment of networks to provide communication in the event
of disasters or other emergencies, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public
welfare, and for the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct, and for
more than ninety years has provided our nation with public service and technical
development in the art and science of radio communications, and
WHEREAS USPS has been actively engaged in the education of its members in a wide
variety of boating and nautical subjects since its establishment in 1914, has initiated
emergency training of the general public in matters of seamanship, boat-handling, and
navigation during World Wars I and II; and for more than ninety years has provided our
nation with basic and safe boating instruction including the proper use of marine radio
communications, made locally available on a continuing basis through its public course
development and teaching; USPS is organized into 33 districts and approximately 430
squadrons; the squadron being the local unit of USPS, and
WHEREAS ARRL publishes a monthly magazine for its members and maintains an
extensive library of technical and informative educational publications, and
WHEREAS USPS also publishes a monthly periodical for its members and also publishes
and maintains an extensive library of technical and informative educational publications,
and
WHEREAS the goal of the USPS – ARRL Memorandum of Understanding is to create a
mutually beneficial program that would enhance the membership of each organization;
maximize cooperative education programs, including publications and technical courses;
develop products, thus serving both the recreational boater and the amateur radio
enthusiast; develop programs that can serve the interest of both organizations, and provide
a basis for sharing technical expertise and knowledge of the respective disciplines.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. USPS and ARRL will assist each other in marketing, developing and promoting
educational materials that are specific to the dual interests of the recreational boater and
the amateur radio enthusiast. These materials will consist of publications, courses, and
other educational products as may be mutually agreed upon.
2. USPS and ARRL will collaborate in the development and distribution of promotional
and media release materials utilizing print and electronic media.
3. Each organization will establish procedures so that their marketing and public relations
personnel can work together to achieve maximum public exposure for national and
international promotions, events, and projects.
4. ARRL and USPS will cooperate in identifying publications and products that can be
carried by the other’s on-line store.
5. ARRL and USPS will collaborate in the development of products to serve Boaters who
are also Amateur Radio enthusiasts.
6. USPS and ARRL will pursue opportunities for cross-advertising in each other’s
monthly periodical to include membership recruitment, information on publications,
educational courses, training, and products of interest that are carried in their respective
on-line stores.
7. USPS and ARRL will jointly pursue a program to emphasize the benefits of amateur
radio aboard recreational vessels .
8. USPS and ARRL will jointly pursue, an emergency service program designed to benefit
local communities in times of disaster and emergency needs and establish a structure to
maximize and promote the benefits of a joint USPS and ARRL Amateur Radio emergency
Service working relationship.
9. ARRL and USPS will consider sponsorship of a USPS Amateur Radio Contest. ARRL
will assist USPS in designing and promoting such contest.
10. ARRL and USPS will assist each other in obtaining suitable accommodations at their
respective annual conventions where information concerning the organizations may be
displayed.
11. ARRL and USPS will jointly develop informational programs concerning their
activities in order to improve the attractiveness of both organizations to youth and young
adults.
12. ARRL will assist USPS districts and squadrons by providing a list of speakers that
may be called upon to provide information about amateur radio at district and squadron
meetings.
General Provisions:
A. The parties shall maintain open communication, cooperation, and support in
furtherance of their mutual goals and objectives.
B. This Memorandum of Understanding may be amended only with the written consent of
all parties.
C. Termination. Either party to this Memorandum of Understanding may obtain
termination of this Memorandum of Understanding by providing notice to the other party
of its intent to terminate. Such notice shall be in writing and be effective upon receipt of
the written notice or four days after the date of the notice, whichever shall first occur.
Effect of Termination. Upon the Termination Date specified each party to this
Memorandum of Understanding shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder,
except for any unpaid amounts or incomplete performance pending as of the Termination
Date, which shall be promptly paid or performed; and further except for any indemnity,
insurance or liability limiting provisions, all of which shall remain in full force and effect
notwithstanding termination of this Memorandum of Understanding.
D. The terms of this agreement are personal to each party, and neither party may assign or
delegate its rights or obligations hereunder without the written consent of the other party.
E. The parties assume joint responsibility for the form and composition of this
Memorandum of Understanding and no provision of this agreement shall be construed
presumptively for or against either of the parties.
FOR AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE:
__________________________________________ ____________
David Sumner, Chief Executive Officer Date
FOR THE UNITED STATES POWER SQUADRONS:
____________________________________________ ____________
G. Leslie Johnson, SN, Chief Commander Date
1 | P a g e
A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
And the
Purpose The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement (Memorandum of Understanding or MOU) between American Radio Relay League (ARRL), the national association for Amateur Radio, and Boy Scouts of America (BSA). The MOU will serve as a framework within which both organizations may, where mutually beneficial, cooperate in, support or cosponsor programs or events intended to foster and promote education, technical awareness, and achievement in Amateur Radio, emergency preparedness and communications, and other joint efforts and undertakings. Each organization comprises volunteers and professional staff in support of their respective educational and technical recognition programs and efforts. It is intended that this agreement will promote joint coordination and exercise of the resources of both ARRL and BSA to recognize the potential and capability of individual members of both organizations in the furtherance of their education and achievement in topics found within Scouting and Amateur Radio. Recognition ARRL recognizes BSA as a program of character development, leadership skills, physical fitness and various life and outdoor skills for males ages 7 to 18 as part of the Cub Scout and Boy Scout programs, and both males and females ages 14 to 21 as part of the Venturing program. The Boy Scouts of America is one of the nation's largest and most prominent values‐based youth development organizations. BSA provides a program for young people that builds character, trains them in the responsibilities of participating citizenship, and develops personal fitness.
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For nearly a century, BSA has helped build future leaders by combining educational activities and lifelong values with fun. The Boy Scouts of America believes — and, through nearly a century of experience, knows — that helping youth is a key to building a more conscientious, responsible, and productive society. BSA recognizes ARRL as a non‐commercial membership association of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest in Amateur Radio communication and experimentation. ARRL is the principal representative of the Amateur Service and Amateur Satellite Services in the United States, and is the Secretariat for the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), the worldwide federation of national Amateur Radio societies. ARRL is organized for the establishment of networks to provide communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies, the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, the fostering of education, the promotion and conduct of research and development, and the dissemination of technical, educational and scientific information relating to electronic communication, the representation of radio amateurs in regulatory matters, and the promotion of fraternalism and high standards of conduct among radio amateurs. It serves its members by protecting and enhancing radio spectrum access and providing a national resource to the public. Principles of Cooperation ARRL will serve as a key resource for K2BSA and Radio Merit Badge training at the BSA National Scout Jamboree. Support may include assisting the K2BSA Director with program development and the recruitment of staff members, coordination with manufacturers to provide necessary equipment resources, providing FCC volunteer examiner (VE) testing supplies for use at the Jamboree, and furnishing Amateur Radio publications for use by K2BSA staff members and visitors. ARRL will continue to promote participation in the annual Jamboree on the Air (JOTA) event to its members, the general Amateur Radio community, and Amateur Radio clubs. ARRL will also continue to encourage the organization of local JOTA efforts for Scouts and Scouters to participate in, and provide material resources that aid in an effective JOTA event. ARRL will serve as contributing editor to the Radio Merit Badge publication (those sections pertaining to Amateur Radio), will assist with the review, creation and modification of requirements as necessary, and will assist in developing course material, lesson plans, and other resources for teaching the Radio Merit Badge to Scouts. To the extent that BSA desires, ARRL will contribute to the content of the Electricity, Electronics, and Emergency Preparedness and Communications merit badge publications, especially in areas that currently, or may in the future, pertain to Amateur Radio. BSA, by virtue of its active membership and its outdoor program, represents a significant source of potential new radio operators looking to utilize Amateur Radio for emergency communications while in the field, education, experimentation, and friendship. BSA will encourage Scouts and Scouters to become familiar with opportunities for public and community service and personal growth through involvement in Amateur Radio.
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General Provisions The parties shall maintain open communication, cooperation, and support in furtherance of their mutual goals and objectives. This Memorandum of Understanding may be amended only with the written consent of both parties. Either party to this Memorandum of Understanding may terminate this Memorandum of Understanding by providing written notice to the other party thirty (30) days prior to its intent to terminate. The parties assume joint responsibility for the form and composition of this Memorandum of Understanding and no provision of this agreement shall be construed presumptively for or against either of the parties. Neither party to this MOU has the authority to act on behalf of the other party or bind the other party to any obligation. This MOU is not intended to be enforceable in any court of law or dispute resolution forum. The sole remedy for non‐performance under this MOU shall be termination, with no damages or penalty. FOR THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE: __________________________________________ ____________ Dated _______________ Dr. Kay Craigie, President
FOR THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA: ____________________________________________ _________ Dated ________________ Robert J. Mazzuca, Chief Scout Executive
Memorandum of Agreement Between
American Radio Relay League, Inc. And
Civil Air Patrol
Purpose
The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement (Memorandum of Agreement) between the Civil Air Patrol (CAP) and the American Radio Relay League, Inc. (ARRL) to provide a broad framework for cooperation between the two organizations during emergencies and disasters, for education of members regarding the capabilities and regulatory environments of CAP and the Amateur Radio Service, to promote interest in public service especially among the nation's youth, as well as other activities in which cooperation may be mutually beneficial.
Background
Members of ARRL and CAP share common goals of serving the public through efficient and effective use of radio communications. To this end, members of both organizations engage in regular training to prepare for emergency and disaster communications. Members of both organizations provide important communications capability to the Homeland Security programs of the United States.
CAP uses radio communications primarily to ensure the safe and efficient prosecution of its own operational missions authorized and funded by various Departments and Agencies of the United States Government. Additional assistance is also provided to state and local government entities. CAP personnel are tasked by various authorizing agencies to support these entities and CAP communications is generally considered to be an essential resource that is critical to the successful performance of CAP's missions.
Amateur Radio operators have a long history of providing radio communication support to served agencies in both the governmental and private sectors in response to emergencies and disasters. There are a number of programs, including several sponsored by the ARRL, which facilitate cooperation between Radio Amateurs and served agencies at both the national and local levels.
Such missions often require CAP members and Amateur Radio operators to work closely together to meet the public need. In addition, many people hold both ARRL and CAP membership and are authorized to operate on both Amateur Radio and U.S. Government radio frequencies assigned to CAP. Such circumstances occasionally result in confusion about the proper use and role of the respective radio services.
As a result of this Memorandum of Agreement, CAP and ARRL will make every effort to educate their members about the role of the two organizations, the two services' regulatory environments, and especially the rationale for rules pertaining to use of Amateur Radio frequencies by CAP operators who hold Amateur Radio licenses. This educational process will help promote a better understanding of the capabilities and restrictions of both organizations and will enable CAP and ARRL leaders at the local levels to more effectively utilize and integrate the resources of both organizations in exercises and actual emergencies.
Recognitions
The parties to this memorandum recognize the following points about their mutual missions and relationship:
1. It is recognized that although many CAP volunteers also hold Amateur Radio licenses, CAP operates on frequencies regulated by the National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA) and CAP operators are required to use NTIA-compliant radio equipment on those frequencies.
2. It is recognized that the ARRL is the national association for Amateur Radio in the United States. A principal purpose of ARRL in the furtherance of the public welfare is the establishment of Amateur Radio networks to provide electronic communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies. To achieve this purpose, ARRL offers formal training in emergency communications, publishes literature concerning emergency communications, and sponsors volunteer programs through which Radio Amateurs may offer their services to governmental and private-sector served agencies. Most of ARRL's volunteer emergency communications programs function as part of the ARRL Field Organization, so as to be responsive to events taking place at the state and local level.
3. It is further recognized that persons acting as CAP members are required to operate on frequencies reserved for the federal government pursuant to a license granted by a federal agency. These frequencies are for official use only by CAP members and may not be disclosed to unauthorized personnel, i.e. Amateur Radio operators. CAP members have no special authority to operate on Amateur Radio frequencies by reason of their membership in CAP. Therefore, use of Amateur Radio while acting as a CAP member is inconsistent with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Regulations, including 47 CFR §97.113(a)(3) and §97.113(a)(5) and the U.S. Government Table of Frequency Allocations contained in the NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management (47 CFR 300). CAP regulations specify that Amateur Radio frequencies shall not be used to conduct the regular business of CAP.
4. It is further recognized that licensed radio stations may make use of any means of radio communication available to provide essential communications to protect the immediate safety of human life and to provide the immediate protection of property when normal communication systems are not available. (See FCC Part 97, Subpart E and NTIA Manual Section 7).
Mutual Support
ARRL and CAP agree to the following mutual support and cooperation activities:
1. Promote awareness of and respect for the difference in regulations governing radio communications by CAP and Amateur Radio.
2. Promote interest in skills applicable to both organizations' operations, such as radio direction-finding, basic electronics, and effective operating discipline.
3. Provide opportunities for their respective members, particularly youth, to learn how to join CAP and how to become Amateur Radio operators.
4. Provide a broad framework for cooperation between the two organizations during emergencies and disasters.
5. Share information on appropriate volunteer training opportunities.
6. Carry out joint training exercises to provide simulated emergency and disaster communications support when suitable occasions are identified at local, regional, or national levels. These exercises may include CAP training missions in which Amateur Radio volunteers use their personal equipment on Amateur frequencies while CAP volunteers use equipment approved for CAP operation on Federal frequencies assigned to CAP.
7. This MOA does not convey Air Force Assigned Mission (AFAM) status. In order for joint exercises to be conducted as Air Force missions, prior approval is required from CAP-USAF, the CAP's Air Force liaison and oversight agency.
Effective Dates:
This MOA will become effective on the date the last party signs this MOA. Either party may terminate this MOA by giving the other party thirty (30) days notice of intent to terminate. All modifications to this agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties.
Jim Haynie, W5JBP Date President, American Radio Relay League, Inc.
Civil Air Patrol, by
Dwight H. Wheless Date Major General, CAP Commander
CAP-USAF, by
17 May 05
George C. Vogt Date
Colonel, USAF Commander
Memorandum of Understanding
between
The American National Red Cross
and
ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 2 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
I. Purpose The purpose of the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is to document the relationship between the American National Red Cross (the “Red Cross”) and the ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio (the “ARRL”). This MOU provides a broad framework for cooperation between the two organizations in preparing for and responding to disaster relief situations at all levels in rendering assistance and service to victims of disaster, as well as other services for which cooperation may be mutually beneficial. II. Independence of Operations Each party to this MOU will maintain its own identity in providing services. Each organization is separately responsible for establishing its own policies and financing its own activities. III. Organization Descriptions The American Red Cross is a humanitarian organization led by volunteers and guided by its Congressional Charter and the Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters and helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to emergencies. The Red Cross provides services to those in need regardless of citizenship, race, religion, age, sex, national origin, disability, sexual orientation, veteran status or political affiliation. The ARRL is the national membership association for Amateur Radio operators. The ARRL is a not-for-profit organization that engages in the promotion of interest in Amateur Radio communication and experimentation; the establishment of Amateur Radio networks to provide electronic communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies; the furtherance of the public welfare; the advancement of the radio art; the fostering and promotion of noncommercial intercommunication by electronic means throughout the world; the fostering of education in the field of electronic communication; the promotion and conduct of research and development to further the development of electronic communication; the dissemination of technical, educational and scientific information relating to electronic communication; and the printing and publishing of documents, books, magazines, newspapers and pamphlets necessary or incidental to any of the above purposes.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 3 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
IV. Methods of Cooperation The Red Cross and ARRL desire to expand their mutually-beneficial relationship to enhance community disaster preparedness and coordinate disaster planning and response activities as follows: Relationship building
Open Communications: Each organization will share current appropriate data regarding disasters, disaster declarations, and changes in regulations, technology and legislation related to communications. The same interaction and liaison will be encouraged at all levels of both organizations, to include all Red Cross chapters, ARRL sections and subordinate levels.
Local partnerships: Each organization will encourage its local units to communicate with the other organization’s corresponding local unit to explore opportunities for collaboration. These units may perform cooperative efforts such as disaster planning and preparedness, first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), health courses, communications training and licensing, and community disaster education. Cooperative efforts could include participation in predisaster planning or any other of the methods of cooperation listed here or as listed in the sample local agreement found in Attachment C, Sample Statement of Cooperation for local organizational units. Attachment C may be modified or updated by joint agreement of each organization’s points of contact (listed in Attachment A, Organization Contact Information) without requiring a resigning of this MOU.
Shared members: Each organization will encourage interested volunteers to become members and participate in the activities of the other organization. Such volunteers shall meet the standards, have the responsibilities and be entitled to the privileges of each organization.
ARRL volunteers supporting the Red Cross: The ARRL may provide volunteers to assist the American Red Cross with communications in support of disaster relief roles as may be mutually agreed upon at the local and national levels. The Red Cross requires the completion of a criminal background check to participate in Red Cross activities. A criminal background check may be performed through the Red Cross process at no cost to the volunteer, or by State or local law enforcement agency at the volunteer’s own initiative and expense. The Red Cross is only responsible for the costs of background checks conducted through their processes. The ARRL accepts the requirement of a criminal background check for volunteers but prefers that such checks be performed by law-enforcement entities. The Red Cross agrees that ARRL volunteers shall not be asked or required to consent to credit checks, mode of living investigations, or investigative consumer reports in order to provide a communications function.
Red Cross members supporting the ARRL: Red Cross volunteers affiliated with a local Chapter that hold a valid Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Amateur Radio License are encouraged to participate in the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES®) program to develop emergency communications skills, cross-train in local disaster drills and exercises, and integrate Chapter communications resources into the local emergency management structure.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 4 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
Assumptions
Radio station operations: It is understood and agreed that amateur radio operators, being licensed and regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), shall at all times exercise sole and exclusive control over the operation of their radio stations. Such control cannot be surrendered or delegated, in accordance with Federal law.
Radio operators: It is understood and agreed that radio operators have skills that extend beyond amateur radio frequencies and equipment. These skills may be applied to operate on Red Cross frequencies and equipment.
FCC Licenses: The Red Cross is responsible for any licensing arrangements necessary for Red Cross operations that occur outside amateur radio licenses, or any amateur radio licenses established by American Red Cross Amateur Radio Club Stations. Individual amateur radio operators are responsible for the maintenance and renewal of their personal licenses.
Activities
Training: The Red Cross recognizes the leadership and expertise of the ARRL in the area of amateur radio communications. Where appropriate, the Red Cross will rely on materials created by the ARRL to train radio communicators. Additionally, the ARRL offers training in Amateur Radio emergency communications that is mutually beneficial to the ARRL and to the American Red Cross. Volunteers holding valid ARRL Emergency Communications certificates of completion will be recognized for this knowledge.
Joint exercises: Chapters, Sections and subordinate units of each organization will be encouraged to engage in joint training exercises.
ARRL Field Day: The Red Cross will encourage all chapters to participate in ARRL Field Day, the Simulated Emergency Test (SET) and other emergency exercises. Participation may take many forms, including Red Cross officials visiting and touring sites to better understand the capabilities of local ARRL volunteers and ARES® units, or the joint use of Red Cross equipment such as vehicles or trailers.
Planning: Planning needs will be identified, tasked and completed to address issues beneficial to both organizations in responding to events. Such issues can be, but are not limited to pre-staging communications equipment, coordination of Mass Care and Damage Assessment support activities, and catastrophic disaster plans for high risk areas of the United States.
During disasters
On-scene cooperation: Both ARRL volunteers and American Red Cross workers will work cooperatively at the scene of a disaster and in the disaster recovery, within the scope of their respective roles and duties as recommended in Attachment D, ARRL Roles on Red Cross Disaster Relief Operations.
National HQ coordination: Operational coordination between Red Cross HQ and ARRL HQ will occur through the primary points of contact as shown in Attachment A, Organization Contact Information or other officially designated staff. Reports and data that are mutually beneficial to each organization’s operations and mission assignments
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 5 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
will be exchanged. Communications: Whenever there is a disaster requiring the use of amateur radio
communications resources and/or facilities, the local Red Cross Chapter may request the assistance of the local ARES organization responsible for the jurisdiction of the scene of the disaster. This assistance may include: alert and mobilization of ARRL ARES® personnel in accordance with a prearranged plan; establishment and maintenance of fixed, mobile, and portable station emergency communication facilities for local radio coverage; point-to-point contact between Red Cross personnel and locations; and the maintenance of the continuity of communications for the duration of the emergency period until normal communications channels are substantially restored, or until radio communications are no longer necessary in support of the response to the disaster.
Equipment sharing: Each organization may request equipment for temporary use to support operations. The specifics of responsibility and liability of the loaned equipment will be developed as part of plans and procedures, in writing, and are separate from this agreement.
Health and Welfare Messages: The Red Cross processes general welfare messages through the Red Cross Safe & Well web site. ARRL volunteers are encouraged to assist in registering people on the Safe & Well website by passing the required information from a point in the disaster area to someone outside the disaster area who can enter the information on the Safe & Well website. No special training or pre-defined agreements are necessary for ARRL volunteers to do this. The Safe and Well website is located on www.redcross.org.
V. General
a. The Red Cross and ARRL will use or display the name, emblem, or trademarks of the
other organization only in the case of defined projects and only with the prior, express, written consent of the other organization.
b. The Red Cross and ARRL will keep the public informed of their cooperative efforts through their public information offices during the time of disaster.
c. The Red Cross and ARRL will widely distribute this MOU within the respective departments, administrative offices and subordinate levels of each organization and urge full cooperation.
d. The Red Cross and ARRL will allocate responsibility for any shared expenses in writing in advance of any commitment.
e. Local units of the Red Cross and subordinate levels in the ARRL Field Organization that desire a localized MOU to meet specific needs and conditions will utilize a format as shown in Attachment C, Sample Statement of Cooperation for local organizational units.
f. ARRL agrees to adhere to Attachment B - the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief as it applies to disaster-caused situations in the USA. Attachment B will not be changed without a resigning of the MOU by both parties.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 6 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
VI. Periodic Review and Analysis Representatives of the Red Cross and ARRL will, on an annual basis on or around the anniversary date of this MOU, jointly evaluate their progress in implementing this MOU and revise and develop new plans or goals as appropriate. VII. Term and Termination This MOU is effective as of the date of the last signature below and expires on March 24, 2015, five years from the signature date. The parties may extend this MOU for an additional period not exceeding five years, and if so shall confirm this in a signed writing. It may be terminated by written notice from either party to the other at any time. VIII. Miscellaneous Neither party to this MOU has the authority to act on behalf of the other party or bind the other party to any obligation. This MOU is not intended to be enforceable in any court of law or dispute resolution forum. The sole remedy for non-performance under this MOU shall be termination, with no damages or penalty. IX. Signatures
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 7 of 12 Attachment A – Organization Contact Information Document version: Feb. 2010
ATTACHMENT A – Organization Contact Information Primary Points of Contact The primary points of contact in each organization will be responsible for the implementation of the MOU in their respective organizations, coordinating activities between organizations, and responding to questions regarding this MOU. In the event that the primary point of contact is no longer able to serve, a new contact will be designated and the other organization informed of the change. Contact changes do not require any renegotiation of this MOU. Relationship Manager* and Operational Contact**
American Red Cross ARRL Contact Keith Robertory Contact Michael P. Corey Title Manager, Disaster Technology Title Manager, Emergency Preparedness
and Response Office phone 202-303-8628 Office phone 860-594-0222 24x7 Contact 202-303-4126 Mobile 860-597-8643 e-mail [email protected]
or [email protected] e-mail [email protected]
*The Relationship Manager is the person that works with the partner organization in developing and executing the MOU. **The Operational Contact is the person each organization will call to initiate the disaster response activities as defined in the MOU. Organization Information
American Red Cross ARRL Department Disaster Services Technology Department ARRL Address 2025 E Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006 Address 225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111-1494 e-mail [email protected] e-mail [email protected] Website http://www.redcross.org/ Website www.arrl.org
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 8 of 12 Attachment B – Code of Conduct Document version: Feb. 2010
ATTACHMENT B
Code of Conduct for The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
and NGOs in Disaster Relief
Principle Commitments:
1. The Humanitarian imperative comes first.
2. Aid is given regardless of the race, creed or nationality of the recipients and without adverse distinction of any kind. Aid priorities are calculated on the basis of need alone.
3. Aid will not be used to further a particular political or religious standpoint.
4. We shall endeavor not to act as instruments of government foreign policy.
5. We shall respect culture and custom.
6. We shall attempt to build disaster response on local capacities.
7. Ways shall be found to involve program beneficiaries in the management of relief aid.
8. Relief aid must strive to reduce future vulnerabilities to disaster as well as meeting basic needs.
9. We hold ourselves accountable to both those we seek to assist and those from whom we accept resources.
10. In our information, publicity and advertising activities, we shall recognize disaster victims as dignified human beings, not hopeless objects.
___________________________________________________________________________ More information about the code of conduct can be found at http://www.ifrc.org/publicat/conduct/ The Code Register The International Federation is keeping a public record of all those NGOs who register their commitment to the Code. The full text of the Code including a registration form is published by the International Federation and is available upon request. (Telephone +41 22 7304222, Fax +41 22 7330395). Non-governmental Organizations who would like to register their support for this Code and their willingness to incorporate its principles into their work should fill in and return the registration form.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 9 of 12 Attachment C – Statement of Cooperation for local organizational units Document version: Feb. 2010
ATTACHMENT C – Sample Statement of Cooperation for local organizational units
American Red Cross XXX Chapter and <<XXX>>Cooperative Agreement The purpose of this Statement of Cooperation is to document the relationship between the American Red Cross XXXXX Chapter and the <<XXX (insert ARRL Section, ARES® unit or local radio club)>> for the purposes of disaster planning and response. This Statement of Cooperation provides the methods of cooperation between the two organizations in rendering assistance and service to victims of disaster, as well as other services for which cooperation may be mutually beneficial. This Statement of Cooperation incorporates by reference the details and limitations contained in the national MOU between the American Red Cross and the ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio (the “ARRL”). Each organization retains its own identity in providing services, and each is responsible for establishing its own policies and financing its own activities. Concept of Cooperation The American Red Cross XXXXX Chapter and <<XXXX>> agree to the methods of cooperation listed in the American Red Cross and ARRL national MOU. In addition, they agree to the following specific local methods of cooperation. The American Red Cross XXXXX Chapter will: • Incorporate <<XXX>> in its response plans (EXAMPLE) • Provide preparedness training opportunities (EXAMPLE) • Provide shelter training (EXAMPLE) <<XXX>> will: • Provide personnel to assist with communications in support of disaster relief roles as agreed upon (EXAMPLE) • Expand their communications support to other activities within the disaster response system (Disaster Assessment, ERV driving) • Add another action as needed (EXAMPLE) This Statement of Cooperation is effective as of the date of the last signature below and expires on __________. It may be terminated by written notice from either party to the other at any time. Neither party to this Statement of Cooperation has the authority to act on behalf of the other party or bind the other party to any obligation. This Statement of Cooperation is not intended to be enforceable in any court of law or dispute resolution forum. The sole remedy for non-performance under this Statement of Cooperation shall be termination, with no damages or penalty.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 10 of 12 Attachment C – Statement of Cooperation for local organizational units Document version: Feb. 2010
The primary points of contact are: American Red Cross XXXXX Chapter Contact: e-mail: Office: Mobile:
<<XXX>> Contact: e-mail: Office: Mobile:
_______________________________________ ________________________________________ Signature American Red Cross XXXXX Signature <<XXX>> Print Name: _____________________________ Print Name:_______________________________ Date: __________________________________ Date:____________________________________ Review Date (after one year): ________________________
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 11 of 12 Attachment D – ARRL Roles on Red Cross Disaster Relief Operations Document version: Feb. 2010
ATTACHMENT D – ARRL Roles on Red Cross Disaster Relief Operations During a Red Cross Disaster Relief Operation (DRO), ARRL volunteers may perform in any of the following roles. These are examples of actual roles; they may or may not actually be included in all operations depending on the needs of the operation. It is possible that one person can support multiple roles or one role may require support from several people. This is not an exhaustive list and ARRL volunteers who have taken Red Cross Disaster Services training can participate in other roles. ARRL volunteers who are assigned roles by the Red Cross during a DRO will be provided with Red Cross credentials as required by the role, consistent with Red Cross policy. Amateur Radio Liaison: This role is for a person who is familiar with both Red Cross and local amateur radio operations. This role would establish contact with the local ARES unit, amateur radio club and repeater owners to provide a single technical-level point of contact for the DRO. If local agreements already exist, this role could be pre-designated. It would be expected that this role would be linked to a similar role in the partner organization. Communication Equipment Operator: This is a standard radio operator role for someone who would operate a two-way radio or other communication device at a fixed facility or mobile/portable location to support the DRO. They would pass messages from point to point either directly or through a message relay. Operators may use DRO-issued equipment or personally-owned equipment, and they may be on amateur radio frequencies or frequencies coordinated or licensed by the Red Cross. Communication Equipment Installation / Repair: This is a more technically hands-on role than the Operator. In this role, the person would be asked to temporarily install two-way radio equipment into a facility or vehicle that is under Red Cross authority through ownership, lease or rental. The equipment could include base-station radios, mobile radios and appropriate antennas. Equipment may also require field repairs, such as the radios installed into Red Cross ERVs. Disaster Assessment: Individuals who have taken the necessary training with the Red Cross can assess the damage caused by a disaster, and use their radio skills to relay that information back to a central point that will use the information to develop a complete picture of the event.
American Red Cross ARRL, the national association for Amateur Radio
MOU – Red Cross and ARRL Page 12 of 12 Document version: Feb. 2010
MINOR DOCUMENT REVISIONS November 1, 2010
Corrected sentence structure in Section IV, During Disasters, Communication to read properly Updated ARRL Contact Information
I. PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement (Memorandum of Understanding) between the National Weather Service (NWS) and the American Radio Relay League, Inc. (ARRL), that will serve as a framework within which volunteers of the ARRL may coordinate their services, facilities, and equipment with NWS in support of nationwide, state, and local early weather warning and emergency communications functions. It is intended, through joint coordination and exercise of the resources of ARRL, NWS, and Federal, State and local governments, to enhance the nationwide posture of early weather warning and readiness for any conceivable weather emergency.
II. RECOGNITION
The National Weather Service recognizes that the ARRL is the principal organization representing the interests of more than 400,000 U.S. radio-amateurs and because of its Field Organization of trained and experienced communications experts, can be of valuable assistance in early severe weather warning and tornado spotting.
The American Radio Relay League recognizes the National Weather Service with its statutory responsibility for providing civil meteorological services for the people of the United States. These services consist of:
Observing and reporting the weather of the U.S. and its possessions.
To perform these functions and many related, specialized weather services, NWS operates a vast network of stations of many types within the U.S.; it cooperates in the exchange of data in real time with other nations, including obtaining of weather reports from ships at sea.
III. ORGANIZATION OF THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE
The American Radio Relay League is a noncommercial membership organization of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest in Amateur Radio communication and experimentation, for the establishment of networks to provide communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and the maintenance of fraternalism and a high standard of conduct. A primary responsibility of the Amateur Radio Service, as established by the Federal Communications Commission, is the rendering of public service communications for the general public, particularly in times of emergency. Using Amateur Radio operators in the amateur frequency bands, the ARRL has been serving the public, both directly and through government and relief agencies, for more than fifty years. To that end, the League
created the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) and the National Traffic System (NTS). The League's Field Organization consists of sixty-seven administrative sections managed by elected Section Managers. A Section is a League-created political boundary roughly equivalent to states (or portions thereof). The Section Manager appoints expert assistants to administer the various emergency communications and public service programs in the section. Each section has a vast cadre of volunteer appointees to perform the work of Amateur Radio at the local level, under the supervision of the Section Manager and his/her assistants.
IV. ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
The National Weather Service consists of a National Headquarters in Washington, D.C., and six regional offices in the United States: Eastern, Southern, Central, Western, Alaska, and Pacific. An NWS Public Information Office is located at Weather Service Headquarters. Fifty-two Weather Service Forecast Offices and 209 Weather Service Offices provide warnings and forecasts to the Nation.
SKYWARN is the spotter program sponsored by the NWS. Radio amateurs have assisted as communicators and spotters since its inception. In areas where tornadoes and other severe weather have been know to threaten, NWS recruits volunteers, trains them in proper weather spotting procedures and accepts the volunteers' reports during watches and episodes of severe weather. By utilizing the SKYWARN volunteers, the NWS has "eyes and ears" throughout the affected area in conjunction with NWS sophisticated weather monitoring equipment.
V. PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION
A. The American Radio Relay League agrees to encourage its volunteer Field Organization appointees, especially the Amateur Radio Emergency Service, to contact and cooperate with Regional Weather Service Headquarters for the purpose of establishing organized SKYWARN networks with radio amateurs serving as communicators and spotters.
B. ARRL further agrees to encourage its Section management teams to provide specialized communications and observation support on an as-needed basis for NWS offices in other weather emergencies such as hurricanes, snow and heavy rain storms, and other severe weather situations.
C. The National Weather Service agrees to work with ARRL Section Amateur Radio Emergency Service volunteers to establish SKYWARN networks, and/or other specialized weather emergency alert and relief systems. the principle point of contact between the ARRL Section and local NWS offices is the Meteorological Services Division of the appropriate NWS Regional Office. The addresses of the Regional offices are listed below. The national contact for ARRL is the Public Service Branch, ARRL Headquarters, Newington, CT 06111.
National Weather Service Eastern Region NOAA 585 Stewart Avenue Garden City, New York 11530 Tel: 516-228-5400
National Weather Service Southern Region NOAA 819 Taylor Street, Rm. 10A26 Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Tel: 817-334-2668
National Weather Service Central Region NOAA 601 E. 12th St., Rm. 1836 Kansas City, Missouri 64106 Tel: 816-374-5463
National Weather Service Western Region NOAA Box 11188, Federal Bldg. 125 S. State Street Salt Lake City, Utah 84147 Tel: 801-524-5122
National Weather Service Alaska Region NOAA Box 23, 701 C St. Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Tel: 907-271-5136
National Weather Service Pacific Region NOAA P.O. Box 50027 Honolulu, Hawaii 96850 Tel: 808-546-5680
Between REACT International, Inc., And American Radio Relay League, Inc.
PURPOSE
1. This purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement (Memorandum of Understanding) between the American Radio Relay League, Incorporated (ARRL), and REACT International, Inc. (Radio Emergency Associated Communication Teams), that will serve as a framework within which both organizations may coordinate the development of protocols and procedures for communication in emergency and disaster situations. Each organization comprises volunteers and professional staff in support of their respective educational and technical programs and efforts. It is intended that this agreement will promote joint coordination and exercise of the resources of both ARRL and REACT to recognize the potential and capability of individual members of both organizations to facilitate the flow of information to and from the public during disaster and emergency situations.
RECOGNITION
2. ARRL recognizes REACT as a public service organization of private radio operators, which provides radio communications to local communities during emergencies. REACT coordinates efforts with other emergency organizations including the police, FEMA, NOAA, RACES, ARES, NVOAD, the Salvation Army, and the American Red Cross. REACT's other activities include participation in safety radio assistance for community events, hosting "Safety Wake Breaks" on holiday weekends along highways, and developing the use of radio services as additional sources of communications in emergencies. REACT accomplishes these goals through REACT Teams located through the United States and the world. Members of these Teams also have oversight authority over different Committees. The committees are responsible for establishing and maintaining the orderly flow of business within their specialties. REACT's primary mission is to improve their communities through the provision of voluntary, two-way communications that serve the interests of public safety.
3. REACT recognizes ARRL as a noncommercial membership association of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation. It is the principal representative of the Amateur Service and Amateur Satellite Services in the United States, and is the Secretariat for the International Amateur Radio Union, the worldwide association of national amateur radio societies. ARRL coordinates efforts with other emergency organizations including the police, FEMA, NOAA, RACES, ARES, NVOAD, the Salvation Army, and the American Red Cross. ARRL was organized for the establishment of networks to provide communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies; for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare; the fostering of education in the field of electronic
communications; the promotion and conduct of research and development to further the development of electronic communication; the dissemination of technical, education, and scientific information relating to electronic communication; the printing and publishing of documents, books, electronic media, and publications necessary or incidental to any of the above purposes; for the representation of the radio amateur in regulatory matters; and to promote fraternalism and high standards of conduct among radio amateurs. It serves its members by protecting and enhancing spectrum access and providing a national resource to the public.
PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION
4. In order that the parties may cooperate and utilize their resources from time to time to optimum mutual benefit to both parties, the following principles and methods are agreed upon:
4.1 The parties will correspond with each other and exchange certain materials and engage in certain activities in order to encourage and broaden interest, understanding, and appreciation of radio telecommunications technology and its value to the public in emergency situation.
4.2 The parties will work to establish protocols and procedures that foster safe and efficient radio services communication to help the public during emergencies and disaster relief. The parties, through these protocols and procedures, will try to eliminate duplicative or technically inferior service to the community in emergencies.
4.3 The parties will work with each other in times of emergency or disaster to meet the communications needs of the public.
4.4 The parties will generally encourage ongoing liaison with each other and urge members of both organization to develop increasingly effective communications and cooperation.
5. This memorandum shall take effect upon its signing by authorized representatives of each organization. It may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties and will remain in effect until terminated by either party, upon ninety (90) days advance written notice to the other. REACT and ARRL will periodically review this agreement and coordinate such revisions as may be necessary. Nothing herein will create any joint venture, partnership, or other business association, nor shall either party enter into any obligation or commitment on behalf of the other.
Date_______________________ Date________________________ ___________________________ ____________________________ Jim D. Haynie, President Charles A. Thompson, President The American Radio Relay League, Incorporated REACT International, Inc. 225 Main Street 5210 Auth Road Newington, Connecticut 06111-1494 Suitland, Maryland 20746-4330
Purpose
The purpose of the agreement between the American Radio Relay League, Incorporated and The Salvation Army in the United States of America is to establish a framework for cooperation between the two organizations for relief of disaster victims. It is intended that coordination of facilities, equipment and personnel of the two organizations may provide better service of victims of natural or man-made disasters.
Responsibilities
The American Radio Relay League, since its inception in 1914 up to the present, has observed a self-imposed responsibility for the welfare and conduct of the Amateur Radio Service as regulated by Part 97 of FCC's Rules and Regulations. Principal in that responsibility has been the rendition of public service and communication through the handling of third party communications for the general public, and communications in time of emergency when normal communications are not available. Using amateur radio operators in the amateur bands, the American Radio Relay League has been in the forefront of this activity in serving the general public directly and through government and welfare agencies, and continues to do so. To that end, in 1935, the Amateur Radio Emergency Corps was organized; and in 1949, the National Traffic System was established.
The Salvation Army has, for many years, provided emergency services to individuals and groups in time of disaster. This service has received public recognition. The Congress of the United States of America enacted the Disaster Relief Act of 1970, which, as amended by the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, Public Law 93-288, officially recognized the capabilities of The Salvation Army.
Since that time, The Salvation Army has entered into specific agreements with other agencies concerned with emergency and disaster relief services both public and private.
Recognition
The Salvation Army recognizes that the American Radio Relay League, because of its organized emergency communications facilities, can be of invaluable assistance in providing communications during emergencies and disasters when normal lines of communication are disrupted.
The American Radio Relay League, Incorporated, recognizes The Salvation Army as an agency whose corporate charter merits sanction by the Federal government to provide community aid in times of disaster. It further recognizes The Salvation Army as a channel for voluntary service during such time.
Organizations of the American Radio Relay League and The Salvation Army
The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) is the principal organization representing the interests of U.S. Radio Amateurs. It is governed by a Board of fifteen directors elected by the membership. For more than 80 years, ARRL has been the standard-bearer in amateur radio affairs throughout the U.S.
For emergency communications, ARRL sponsors the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES), a division of its over-all public service organization. The ARES is organized under local emergency coordinators, with local plans coordinated through section (usually state) emergency coordinators and a public service coordinator located at ARRL's Newington, Connecticut international headquarters. The National Traffic System (NTS) functions daily in handling medium and long haul message traffic, and is ready at all times to function in an emergency situation.
The Salvation Army in the United States of America has its national headquarters in Alexandria, Virginia, and is incorporated under the laws of New Jersey. For administrative purposes, the United States is divided into four territories, each having its own headquarters and corporate structure. These territories and headquarters are:
Reporting to each territorial office are from nine (9) to eleven (11) divisional administrative centers, strategically located in the territories. Salvation Army personnel in these centers direct activities in from one (1) to four (4) states. Reporting to divisional centers are local corps community centers (churches) and social service institutions of other types; also reporting to divisional centers are numerous local volunteer committees operating in smaller communities.
Principles of Cooperation
In order that dependable communications might be maintained and that relief operations might be quickly expedited, the American Radio Relay League, Incorporated and The Salvation Army agree that:
A. Each organization will, through channels to its local units, encourage ongoing liaison with the other, urging both staff and volunteers to create and maintain adequate communication and effective relationships at all levels.
B. Each organization will participate in cooperative pre-disaster planning and training programs at local, regional and national levels.
C. Each organization will, in times of disaster, cooperate to meet the needs of disaster victims, and of the agencies and organizations attempting to serve them. Each will make its facilities, resources, and capabilities accessible to the other, in accordance with established plans and procedures for cooperative service.
D. Each organization will work through its own lines of authority and respect the lines of authority of the other.
E. Each organization will distribute copies of this agreement through channels to its own field units, and to other organizations, both public and private, which may have an active interest in emergency and disaster relief.
revised January 1996
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN ARRL, THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR AMATEUR RADIO AND THE SOCIETY OF BROADCAST ENGINEERS, INC.
April 6, 2000
PURPOSE
1. The purpose of this document is to state the terms of a mutual agreement (Memorandum of Understanding) between ARRL, the National Association for Amateur Radio, (ARRL) and the Society of Broadcast Engineers, Inc. (SBE) that will serve as a framework within which both organizations may, where mutually beneficial, cooperate in, support or cosponsor programs or events intended to foster and promote technical awareness, education, and achievement in amateur and commercial communications, and to cooperate where mutually beneficial in other joint efforts and undertakings. Each organization comprises volunteers and professional staff in support of their respective educational and technical recognition programs and efforts. It is intended that this agreement will promote joint coordination and exercise of the resources of both ARRL and SBE to recognize the potential and capability of individual members of both organizations in the furtherance of their technical understanding and achievement in radio and other telecommunications techniques, and the provision of credentials as recognition of and reward for such achievement.
RECOGNITION
2. ARRL recognizes SBE as a non-profit organization of technical professionals in the broadcasting and related industries, which serves the interests of broadcast engineers and is devoted to the advancement of all levels and types of broadcast engineering. SBE represents the interests of broadcast engineers with federal agencies, legislatures and other industry organizations. SBE offers an accredited certification program to qualified engineers and technicians in telecommunications, which provides standards of professional competence in broadcast engineering. SBE's other activities include informational services, educational opportunities for professional advancement, continuing education, and volunteer frequency coordination for broadcast auxiliary spectrum. SBE publishes certain educational materials for broadcast engineers, and serves as a fraternal organization for technical broadcast professionals. SBE was formed in 1963, and its certification program is an industry standard, which filled a void created when the Federal Communications Commission ceased licensing and technical accreditation of telecommunications personnel. SBE's primary mission is to promote excellence
in Broadcast Engineering and related areas through education, professional standards, certification, and information exchange, and to foster a high standard of ethics in personal conduct and work performance. SBE's members include studio and transmitter operators and technicians, supervisors, announcer-technicians, chief engineers of commercial and educational stations, engineering vice presidents, consultants, field and sales engineers, broadcast engineers from recording studios, schools, CCTV and CATV, production houses, corporate audio-visual departments and other facilities.
3. SBE recognizes ARRL as a non-commercial membership association of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest in amateur radio communication and experimentation. ARRL is the principal representative of the Amateur Service and Amateur Satellite Services in the United States, and is the Secretariat for the International Amateur Radio Union, the worldwide association of national amateur radio societies. ARRL was organized for the establishment of networks to provide communications in the event of disasters or other emergencies, for the advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, the fostering of education in the field of electronic communication; the promotion and conduct of research and development to further the development of electronic communication; the dissemination of technical, educational and scientific information relating to electronic communication; the printing and publishing of documents, books, electronic media, and publications necessary or incidental to any of the above purposes; for the representation of the radio amateur in regulatory matters; and to promote fraternalism and high standards of conduct among radio amateurs. It serves its members by protecting and enhancing spectrum access and providing a national resource to the public.
PRINCIPLES OF COOPERATION
4. In order that the parties may cooperate and utilize their resources from time to time to optimum mutual benefit to both parties, the following principles and methods are agreed upon:
4.1. Both SBE and ARRL maintain networks of examination sites and volunteer examiners. The parties will exchange lists of sites and examiners, in order to determine geographic areas served by neither organization. The parties will cooperate in exploring and, if possible, developing means for reciprocal examination opportunities in unserved or underserved areas. It is understood that amateur radio examinations are subject to detailed FCC regulations, which is not the case with respect to SBE certification examinations, which may limit cooperative opportunities in this respect.
4.2. The parties will correspond with each other concerning membership growth of both organizations, and exchange certain technical articles, demonstrations and similar materials and activities in order to encourage and broaden interest, understanding and appreciation of telecommunications technology. The parties will use best efforts to provide booth space one to the other at conventions, symposia and workshops, in order to provide a forum to each party to
present a broad range of technical expertise on telecommunications topics for the respective benefit of the audiences of both parties.
4.3. The parties will exchange regulatory and legislative agendas and, to the extent that there is an identity of interest on an issue, they will cooperate in the advocacy of issues of mutual interest before the FCC and other agencies, and in Congress to the extent that such cooperation may further their shared regulatory goal.
4.4. The parties each wish to encourage technical investigation and advancement of knowledge in modern telecommunications. The parties will cooperate in the development of curricula for certifying technical personnel and practitioners on a vocational and avocational basis and in the introduction of concepts and practices in Amateur Radio to those persons and to the general public.
4.5. The parties will generally encourage ongoing liaison with each other and urge members of both organizations to develop increasingly effective communications and cooperation.
5. This memorandum shall take effect upon its signing by authorized representatives of each organization. It may be amended by mutual agreement of the parties and will remain in effect until terminated by either party, upon ninety (90) days' advance written notice to the other. SBE and ARRL will periodically review this agreement and coordinate such additions and revisions as may be necessary or desirable. Nothing herein will create any joint venture, partnership or other business association, nor shall either party enter into any obligation or commitment on behalf of the other.