thinking about emcomm cert communications planning s.c. ares november 2007
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Thinking About EMCOMM CERT Communications Planning S.C. ARES November 2007. D. D. Frydenlund KG6LRP. Thinking About EMCOMM CERT Communications Planning S.C. ARES November 2007. A One Hour Primer In Emergency Communications Planning. Failure to Plan is Planning to Fail. Planning. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Thinking About EMCOMMCERT Communications Planning
S.C. ARES November 2007
D. D. Frydenlund KG6LRP
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Thinking About EMCOMMCERT Communications Planning
S.C. ARES November 2007
A One Hour Primer In Emergency Communications
Planning
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Planning
Failure to Plan isPlanning to Fail
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Communications DisciplineGetting the Message Through
Clearly Assigned ResponsibilityEstablished RoutesInterference PlanRedundancy/RobustnessEstablished Protocols
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CERT Communications Responsibilities
Team MemberUnderstand Radio UseUse Radio ProtocolsControl Own Radio
Frequency/TonesPower
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CERT Communications Responsibilities
Team CommunicatorTeam Member +Know Relevant NetsSet Up Out of Team CommsKnow Comms ProtocolsCopy Record Traffic
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CERT Communications Responsibilities
Team LeaderTeam Member +Know Up Line NetsKnow Same Level NetsControl Team CommsKnow Comms Protocols
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Leadership
The First Job of a Leader is toLEAD!
The Leader and the Communicator are Normally
Different People
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CERT Communications Requirements
PortableCheap (Acquire and Operate)SimpleRugged/ReliableShort Range (< 10 Miles)
Typically < 1 Mile
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EMCOMM Communications Layers
Level 1 - State OES Regional EOC to Operational Area (County) EOC
Level 2 - Op Area EOC to Juristictions and Emergency Alert System
Level 3 - Op Area EOC to Mobile Units
------------------------- CERT? --------------------------
Level 4 - Jurisdiction OEC to Internal Units
Level 5 - Jurisdiction Internal Unit Intra UnitCommunications
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Primary CERT Communications Needs
Report StatusRequest ResourcesReceive DirectionReceive Information
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Primary CERT Communications Nets
Team to OpCen (Level 4)Inter Team (Level 5)Intra Team (Level 5)
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CERT Communications Characteristics
Team to OpCen Structured/FormalDirected Net LikelyBriefExtended RangeFixed Channel
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CERT Communications Characteristics
Inter Team Informal/ConversationalInformal Net LikelyBriefShorter RangeFlexible Channel
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CERT Communications Characteristics
Intra TeamInformal/ConversationalTeam Leader ModeratedContinuous ChatterLine of SightFixed Channel
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CERT Communications Environment
Spectrum (Bandwidth) LimitedHeavy Official Need/UseHeavy “Idiot” UseLots of Interference
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CERT Communications Doctrine Response
Use Spectrum (Bandwidth) WiselyUse Privacy Tones WiselyDo Not Interfere With Others
Frequency SelectionLowest Useful Power
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Avoiding Interference
Separation By:FrequencyTimeSpaceTones (PT or CTCSS)
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CERT Communications Tools
FRS RadioGMRS RadioHAM Radio
VHF (2 Meter)UHF (70 Centimeter)
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FRS Radio/GMRS Radio
The “New” Citizen's Bands~465 Mhz FM Voice22 Channels
7 FRS8 GMRS7 Shared
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FRS Features
UnlicensedVery Low PowerPoor Antennas (By Law)Low Range (Typ < 1 Mile)Channels 8 – 14 Exclusive
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GMRS Features
LicensedLow PowerBetter Antennas AllowedLow Range (Typ < 2 Miles)Channels 15 – 22 Exclusive
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FRS Radio/GMRS Radio
Privacy Tones (PT or CTCSS) on FRS/GMRS Radios are NOT Standardized by Number, Only by Frequency.
If used: ALWAYS TEST!
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HAM Radio Features
LicensedVariable PowerBetter Antennas Variable Range (HT < 2 Miles)
Mobile > 10 MilesRepeater - 10's of Miles
Many FrequenciesStandardized CTCSS Tones
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Avoiding Interference
Separation By:FrequencyTimeSpaceTones (PT or CTCSS)
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Primary CERT Communications Nets
Team to OpCen (HAM, GMRS)Inter Team (HAM, GMRS, FRS)Intra Team (FRS)
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Frequency Assignment
StaticEstablishing ContactHigh UseSpecial Application
DynamicTemporary UseShared Use
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Special Static FrequenciesCalling Frequencies
Used to Establish ContactFRS/GMRS Channel 1HAM 2 Meter 146.52 MhzHAM 70 cm 446.0 Mhz
Repeater PairsProtected NetsCalling Frequencies
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FRS/GMRS RecommendationsCalling
Channel 1Team Assignments
FRS 8 – 14Shared 2 – 7 (Work Down)
OpArea AssignmentsGMRS 15 – 22 (Work Down)
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Avoiding Interference
Separation By:FrequencyTimeSpaceTones (PT or CTCSS)
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Time Assignment
Fixed Slots by FunctionWX Channel “Local on the 8's”
Fixed RotationFormal Order of “Turns”
Service Request (By Priority?)First to Fill the Vacancy
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Avoiding Interference
Separation By:FrequencyTimeSpaceTones (PT or CTCSS)
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Separation by Space
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Needs Separation by:Frequency or Tone
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Avoiding Interference
Separation By:FrequencyTimeSpaceTones (PT or CTCSS)
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Privacy TonesPT or CTCSS
“Subaudio” Tone (~100hz)
Suppress Audio Amplifier if Tone is Absent.
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Privacy TonesPT or CTCSS
Advantages Masks Non-member TransmissionsCreates Illusion of Non-interence
DisadvantagesNot Possible to Hear if Frequency
Really Open and Free
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Sectorizing High Density Communications
A Space Based Method for Maintaining Minimum Interference
When There are Many Mobile Teams.
Many = > Available Frequencies
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1.414
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Communications RadiusVs Grid
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A
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Rectangular Pattern, Four Sector
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B
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Hexagonal Grid, Seven Sectors
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Rectangular Pattern, Eight Sector
A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H D E F G H A B C D E F G H A B C G H A B C D E F G H A B C D E F B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H A E F G H A B C D E F G H A B C D H A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G C D E F G H A B C D E F G H A B F G H A B C D E F G H A B C D E
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Rectangular Pattern, Nine Sectors
A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H ID E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B CG H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E FA B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H ID E F G H I A B C D E F G H I A B CG H I A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F
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Establishing YOUR CERT Plan
Keep ItSimpleStupid
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Communications Complexity Progression
ChatInformal ControlFormal Net(s)Assigned Frequencies
By Team or FunctionBy AreaBy Area and Team and Function
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Key Questions:
How Many Units (Teams) in OpArea?How Many Frequencies Available?How Frequent is the Traffic?How Time Critical is the Traffic?What is the Range of the Radio?How Big is the OpArea?
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Communications DisciplineGetting the Message Through
Clearly Assigned ResponsibilityEstablished RoutesInterference PlanRedundancy/RobustnessEstablished Protocols
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Typical Intra Team Implications
One FRS Radio Channel (8 – 14)If Inadequate Range, Go GMRS
Informal Net or Chat ModeNo Privacy TonesEvery Team Member Has a RadioEvery Team Member Hears All
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Typical Inter Team Implications
Assigned or Requested Channel (GMRS 15 – 22 or HAM)
May Need “Calling Frequency” Shared Channel 1 or HAM
Informal Net or Chat ModeOnly Team Communicator Has RadioOnly Leader + Communicator Hears
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Typical Team/OES Implications
Assigned Channels (GMRS 15 – 22 and/or HAM)
May Use “Calling Frequency” Shared Channel 1 or HAM
Formal (Directed) NetOnly Team Communicator Has RadioOnly Leader + Communicator Hears
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OpCen Comms Team
Monitors Calling Freq(s)Serves as Net ControlMaintains Record of TrafficCopies/Sends Formal TrafficRelays TrafficMay Assign Sub Nets/FrequenciesControls System Transitions
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Team Communicator
Monitors Calling Freq(s)Maintains Record of TrafficCopies/Sends Formal TrafficRelays TrafficNegotiates/Establishes Comms LinksDisestablishes Comm LinksStays Near Team Leader
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FRS/GMRS RecommendationsCalling
Channel 1Team Assignments
FRS 8 – 14Shared 2 – 7 (Work Down)
OpArea AssignmentsGMRS 15 – 22 (Work Down)
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Thinking About EMCOMMCERT Communications Planning
S.C. ARES November 2007
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