962 sp chemistry.pdf

8/9/2019 962 SP Chemistry.pdf

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STPM/S(E)962

PEPERIKSAAN

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA( MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION )

CHEMISTRY

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)


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NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY

“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further

developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and

integrated manner, so as to produce individuals who areintellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically

balanced and harmonious, based on a belief in and devotion

t G d S h eff t i de i ed t d e M l i


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FOREWORD

This revised Chemistry syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been in usesince the 2001 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the firstexamination will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account thechanges made by the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination.Through the new system, the form six study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sitfor an examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this newsystem. The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teachingand learning orientation of form six so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in

colleges and universities.

The revision of the Chemistry syllabus incorporates current developments in chemistry studies andsyllabus design in Malaysia. The syllabus will give candidates exposure to pre-university level aboutChemistry as a central science that includes physical chemistry, inorganic chemistry and organicchemistry. In tandem with the global needs for a sustainable environment, it is important to promoteawareness of the roles of chemistry in the understanding of nature and the universe. As such,environmental chemistry relating to green chemistry as well as water and solid waste management

have been included in this revised syllabus. Accordingly, it is hoped that this syllabus will be able to produce pre-university candidates which are mature minded, knowledgeable, and able tocommunicate ideas effectively using various forms of communication.

The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format, gradedescription and specimen papers.

The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Datuk Dr. A. Hamid bin A. Hadi from Universiti Malaya. Other committee members consist of university lecturers,

t ti f th C i l D l t Di i i Mi i t f Ed ti M l i d


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CONTENTS

Syllabus 962 Chemistry

Page

Aims 1

Objectives 1

Content

First Term 2 – 10

Second Term 11 – 18

Third Term 19 – 30

Practical Syllabus (School-based Assessment of Practical) 31 – 32

Written Practical Test 32 – 33

Scheme of Assessment 34 – 35

Performance Descriptions 36

Summary of Key Quantities and Units 37 – 38


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SYLLABUS

962 CHEMISTRY

Aims

This syllabus aims to enhance candidates knowledge and understanding of chemistry. It also enablesthem to advance their studies at institutions of higher learning and assists them to pursue a chemistry-related career. It will also promote awareness of the roles of chemistry in the understanding of natureand the universe.

Objectives

The objectives of this syllabus are to enable the candidates to:

(a) understand facts, terminologies and principles of chemistry;

(b) interpret phenomena by using models, laws and chemical principles;

(c) interpret and apply scientific information presented in various forms;

(d ) solve problems related to chemistry;

(e) analyse, synthesise and evaluate information and ideas logically and critically;

( f ) plan, carry out experiments, draw inferences and make deductions;

( g ) use scientific equipment properly and safely;

(h) develop positive attitudes and values towards the environment;


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FIRST TERM

Topic Teaching Period

Learning Outcome

1 Atoms, Molecules and

Stoichiometry

1.1 Fundamental particlesof an atom

8

2 Candidates should be able to:

(a) describe the properties of protons, neutronsand electrons in terms of their relative chargesand relative masses;

(b) predict the behaviour of beams of protons,neutrons and electrons in both electric andmagnetic fields;

(c) describe the distribution of mass and charges

within an atom;(d ) determine the number of protons, neutrons and

electrons present in both neutral and chargedspecies of a given proton number and nucleonnumber;

(e) describe the contribution of protons andneutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of protonnumber and nucleon number;


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TopicTeaching Period

Learning Outcome

1.3 The mole and theAvogadro constant


(a) define mole in terms of the Avogadro constant;

(b) calculate the number of moles of reactants,volumes of gases, volumes of solutions and

concentrations of solutions;

(c) deduce stoichiometric relationships from thecalculations above.

2 Electronic Structure of

Atoms

2.1 Electronic energylevels of atomic

hydrogen

8


(a) explain the formation of the emission linespectrum of atomic hydrogen in the Lymanand Balmer series using Bohr‟s Atomic Model.

2.2 Atomic orbitals: s, p and d


(a) deduce the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum

b 1 2 d 3 i l di th 4 bit l


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Learning Outcome

3 Chemical Bonding

3.1 Ionic bonding

20


(a) describe ionic (electrovalent) bonding asexemplified by NaCl and MgCl2.

3.2 Covalent bonding 15 Candidates should be able to:

(a) draw the Lewis structure of covalent molecules(octet rule as exemplified by NH3, CCl4, H2O,CO2, N2O4 and exception to the octet rule asexemplified by BF3, NO, NO2, PCl5, SF6);

(b) draw the Lewis structure of ions as

exemplified by SO42

, CO32

, NO3 and CN ;

(c) explain the concept of overlapping andhybridisation of the s and p orbitals asexemplified by BeCl2, BF3, CH4, N2, HCN, NH3 and H2O molecules;

(d ) predict and explain the shapes of and bondangles in molecules and ions using the

i i l f l h ll l t i


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Learning Outcome

3.3 Metallic bonding 1 Candidates should be able to:

(a) explain metallic bonding in terms of electronsea model.

3.4 Intermolecularforces: van der

Waals forces andhydrogen bonding


(a) describe hydrogen bonding and van der Waalsforces (permanent, temporary and induceddipole);

(b) deduce the effect of van der Waals forces between molecules on the physical propertiesof substances;

(c) deduce the effect of hydrogen bonding

(intermolecular and intramolecular) on the physical properties of substances.

4 States of Matter

4.1 Gases

14

6

Candidates should be able to:

(a) explain the pressure and behaviour of ideal gasusing the kinetic theory;

(b) explain qualitatively, in terms of molecular

i d i l l f h di i


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Learning Outcome

4.3 Solids 2 Candidates should be able to:

(a) describe qualitatively the lattice structure of acrystalline solid which is:

(i) ionic, as in sodium chloride,

(ii) simple molecular, as in iodine,

(iii) giant molecular, as in graphite, diamondand silicon(IV) oxide,

(iv) metallic, as in copper;

(b) describe the allotropes of carbon (graphite,

diamond and fullerenes), and their uses.

4.4 Phase diagrams 4 Candidates should be able to:

(a) sketch the phase diagram for water and carbon

dioxide, and explain the anomalous behaviourof water;

(b) explain phase diagrams as graphical plots ofexperimentally determined results;

(c) interpret phase diagrams as curves describing

h di i f ilib i b h


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Learning Outcome

5.2 Rate law 4 Candidates should be able to:

(a) calculate the rate constant from initial rates;

(b) predict an initial rate from rate equations andexperimental data;

(c) use titrimetric method to study the rate of a

given reaction.

5.3 The effect oftemperature onreaction kinetics


(a) explain the relationship between the rateconstants with the activation energy andtemperature using Arrhenius equation

(b) use the Boltzmann distribution curve toexplain the distribution of molecular energy.

5.4 The role of catalysts inreactions


(a) explain the effect of catalysts on the rate of areaction;

k = ;

a E

RT

Ae


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Learning Outcome

6 Equilibria

6.1 Chemical equilibria

32


(a) describe a reversible reaction and dynamicequilibrium in terms of forward and backwardreactions;

(b) state mass action law from stoichiometric

equation;

(c) deduce expressions for equilibrium constantsin terms of concentrations, K c, and partial pressures, K p, for homogeneous andheterogeneous systems;

(d ) calculate the values of the equilibrium

constants in terms of concentrations or partial pressures from given data;

(e) calculate the quantities present at equilibriumfrom given data;

( f ) apply the concept of dynamic chemicalequilibrium to explain how the concentration

of stratospheric ozone is affected by the

h di i i f O2 O2 d O3 f


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Learning Outcome

(c) explain qualitatively the different properties ofstrong and weak electrolytes;

(d ) explain and calculate the terms pH, pOH, K a,

p K a, K b, p K b, K w and p K w from given data;

(e) explain changes in pH during acid-basetitrations;

( f ) explain the choice of suitable indicators foracid-base titrations;

( g ) define buffer solutions;

(h) calculate the pH of buffer solutions from given

data;

(i) explain the use of buffer solutions and their

importance in biological systems such as therole of H2CO3 / HCO3 in controlling pH in

blood.

6.3 Solubility equilibria 5 Candidates should be able to:

(a) define solubility product, K sp;

(b) calculate K sp from given concentrations and


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Learning Outcome

(d ) explain the term azeotropic mixture;

(e) explain the limitations on the separation of twocomponents forming an azeotropic mixture;

( f ) explain qualitatively the advantages anddisadvantages of fractional distillation underreduced pressure.


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SECOND TERM


Learning Outcome

7 Chemical Energetics

7.1 Enthalpy changes of

reaction, H

18


(a) explain that most chemical reactions are

accompanied by enthalpy changes (exothermicor endothermic);

(b) define enthalpy change of reaction, H , andstate the standard conditions;

(c) define enthalpy change of formation,combustion, hydration, solution, neutralisation,atomisation, bond energy, ionisation energy

and electron affinity;(d ) calculate the heat energy change from

experimental measurements using the

relationship: heat change, q mc T

or q = mc ;

(e) calculate enthalpy changes from experimentalresults.


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Learning Outcome

7.4 The solubility ofsolids in liquids


(a) construct energy cycles for the formation ofaqueous solutions of ionic compounds;

(b) explain qualitatively the influence on solubility

of the relationship between enthalpy change ofsolution, lattice energy of solid and enthalpychange of hydration or other solvent-solute

interaction.

8 Electrochemistry

8.1 Half-cell and redoxequations

26


(a) explain the redox processes and cell diagram

(cell notation) of the Daniell cell;

(b) construct redox equations.

8.2 Standard electrode potential


(a) describe the standard hydrogen electrode;

(b) use the standard hydrogen electrode to


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Learning Outcome

8.5 Electrolysis 6 Candidates should be able to:

(a) compare the principles of electrolytic cell toelectrochemical cell;

(b) predict the products formed during

electrolysis;

(c) state the Faraday‟s first and second laws ofelectrolysis;

(d ) state the relationship between the Faradayconstant, the Avogadro constant and theelectronic charge;

(e) calculate the quantity of electricity used, themass of material and/or gas volume liberated

during electrolysis.

8.6 Applications ofelectrochemistry


(a) explain the principles of electrochemistry inthe process and prevention of corrosion(rusting of iron);

(b) describe the extraction of aluminium by


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Learning Outcome

(d ) predict the electronic configuration and position of unknown elements in the PeriodicTable from successive values of ionisationenergies.

9.2 Reactions of Period 3elements with oxygen

and water


(a) describe the reactions of Period 3 elementswith oxygen and water;

(b) interpret the ability of elements to act as

oxidising and reducing agents.

9.3 Acidic and basic properties of oxidesand hydrolysis of

oxides


(a) explain the acidic and basic properties of the

oxides of Period 3 elements;

(b) describe the reactions of the oxides of Period3 elements with water;

(c) describe the classification of the oxides ofPeriod 3 elements as basic, amphoteric or

acidic based on their reactions with water, acidand alkali;


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Learning Outcome

10.2 Anomalous behaviourof beryllium


(a) explain the anomalous behaviour of berylliumas exemplified by the formation of covalentcompounds;

(b) describe the diagonal relationships between beryllium and aluminium;

(c) explain the similarity of aqueous berylliumsalts to aqueous aluminium salts in terms oftheir acidic property.

10.3 Uses of Group 2compounds


(a) state the uses of Group 2 compounds in

agriculture, industry and medicine.

11 Group 14

11.1 Physical properties ofGroup 14 elements

10


(a) explain the trends in physical properties(melting points and electrical conductivity) ofGroup 14 elements: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb.


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Learning Outcome

(b) explain the uses of silicon as a semiconductorand silicone as a fluid, elastomer and resin;

(c) describe the uses of silicates as basic materials

for cement, glass, ceramics and zeolites.

11.5 Tin alloys 1 Candidates should be able to:

(a) describe the uses of tin in solder and pewter.

12 Group 17

12.1 Physical properties ofselected Group 17elements

8


(a) state that the colour intensity of Group 17elements: Cl2, Br 2, I2, increase down the group;

(b) explain how the volatility of Group 17elements decreases down the group.

12.2 Reactions of selectedGroup 17 elements


(a) deduce and explain the relative reactivities ofGroup 17 elements as oxidising agents from E º values;


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Learning Outcome

13 Transition Elements

13.1 Physical properties offirst row transitionelements

14


(a) define a transition element in terms ofincomplete d orbitals in at least one of its ions;

(b) describe the similarities in physical properties

such as atomic radius, ionic radius and firstionisation energy;

(c) explain the variation in successive ionisationenergies;

(d ) contrast qualitatively the melting point,density, atomic radius, ionic radius, firstionisation energy and conductivity of the first

row transition elements with those of calciumas a typical s-block element.

13.2 Chemical properties offirst row transitionelements


(a) explain variable oxidation states in terms of

the energies of 3d and 4 s orbitals;

(b) explain the colours of transition metal ions in


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THIRD TERM


Learning Outcome

14 Introduction to Organic

Chemistry

21

14.1 Bonding of the carbonatoms: the shapes of

ethane, ethene, ethyneand benzene molecules


(a) use the concept of sp3

, sp2

and sp hybridisations in carbon atoms to describe the bonding and shapes of molecules asexemplified by CH4, C2H4, C2H2 and C6H6;

(b) explain the concept of delocalisation ofelectrons in benzene ring.

14.2 General, empirical,

molecular andstructural formulae oforganic compounds


(a) state general, empirical, molecular andstructural formulae of organic compounds;

(b) determine empirical and molecular formulae oforganic compounds.

14.3 Functional groups:classification and



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Learning Outcome

(c) classify isomers as structural, cis-trans andoptical isomers;

(d ) identify chiral centres and/or cis-transisomerism in a molecule of given structuralformula;

(e) deduce the possible isomers for an organic

compound of known molecular formula.

14.5 Free radicals,nucleophiles andelectrophiles


(a) describe homolytic and heterolytic fissions;

(b) define the terms free radical, nucleophile andelectrophile;

(c) explain that nucleophiles such as OH , NH3,

H2O, Br , I and carbanion are Lewis bases;

(d ) explain that electrophiles such as H+, NO2+,

Br 2, A1C13, ZnC12, FeBr 3, BF3 and carboniumion are Lewis acids.

14.6 Molecular structureand its effect on



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Learning Outcome

15.2 Alkenes 6 Candidates should be able to:

(a) write the general formula for alkenes;

(b) name alkenes according to the IUPACnomenclature and their common names for C1

to C5;

(c) describe structural and cis-trans isomerism inalkenes;

(d ) state the physical properties of alkenes;

(e) define alkenes as unsaturated aliphatichydrocarbons with one or more double bonds;

( f ) describe the chemical reactions of alkenes asexemplified by the following reactions of

ethene:(i) addition of hydrogen, steam, hydrogen

halides, halogens, bromine water andconcentrated sulphuric acid,

(ii) oxidation using KMnO4, O2/Ag,

(iii) ozonolysis,

(iv) polymerisation;


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Learning Outcome

(c) describe the chemical reactions of arenes asexemplified by substitution reactions ofhaloalkanes and acyl chloride (Friedel-Craftsreaction), halogen, conc. HNO3/conc. H2SO4 and SO3 with benzene and methylbenzene(toluene);

(d ) describe the mechanism of electrophilic

substitution in arenes as exemplified by thenitration of benzene;

(e) explain why benzene is more stable thanaliphatic alkenes towards oxidation;

( f ) describe the reaction between alkylbenzeneand hot acidified KMnO4;

( g ) determine the products of halogenation ofmethylbenzene (toluene) in the presence of

(i) Lewis acid catalysts,

(ii) light;

(h) explain the inductive effect and resonance

effect of substituted groups ( OH, C1, CH3,

NO2, COCH3, NH2) attached to the


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Learning Outcome

( f ) describe the elimination reactions ofhaloalkanes;

( g ) describe the mechanism of nucleophilic

substitution in haloalkanes (S N1 and S N2);

(h) explain the relative reactivity of primary,secondary and tertiary haloalkanes;

(i) compare the reactivity of chlorobenzene andchloroalkanes in hydrolysis reactions;

( j) explain the use of haloalkanes in the synthesisof organomagnesium compounds (Grignardreagents), and their use in reactions withcarbonyl compounds;

(k ) describe the uses of fluoroalkanes and

chlorofluoroalkanes as inert substances foraerosol propellants, coolants and fire-

extinguishers;

(l ) state the use of chloroalkanes as insecticidesuch as DDT;

(m) describe the effect of chlorofluoroalkanes inthe depletion of the ozone layer, and explainits mechanism.


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Learning Outcome

(c) classify the reactions of alcohols whereby the

R OH is broken and OH is replaced by othergroups: the formation of haloalkanes and the

dehydration to alkenes and ethers;

(d ) explain the relative reactivity of primary,secondary and tertiary alcohols as exemplified by the reaction rate of such alcohols to give

haloalkanes, and the reaction products ofKMnO4/K 2Cr 2O7 oxidation in the presence ofsulphuric acid;

(e) explain the reaction of alcohol with the

structure CH3CH(OH) with alkaline aqueoussolution of iodine to form triiodomethane;

( f ) describe the laboratory and industrial

preparation of alcohol as exemplified byethanol from the hydration of ethane;

( g ) describe the synthesis of ethanol byfermentation process;

(h) state the uses of alcohols as antiseptic, solventand fuel.


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Learning Outcome

(c) describe structural and optical isomerism incarbonyl compounds;

(d ) state the physical properties of aliphatic and

aromatic aldehydes and ketones;

(e) write the equations for the preparation ofaldehydes and ketones;

( f ) explain the reduction reactions of aldehydesand ketones to primary and secondary alcohols

respectively through catalytic hydrogenationreaction and with LiA1H4;

( g ) explain the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazinereagent as a simple test to detect the presenceof >C=O groups;

(h) explain the mechanism of the nucleophilicaddition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with

aldehydes and ketones;

(i) explain the oxidation of aldehydes;

( j) differentiate between aldehyde and ketone

based on the results of simple tests asexemplified by Fehling‟s solution and Tollens‟reagent;


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Learning Outcome

(d ) state the physical properties of carboxylicacids;

(e) write the equations for the formation of

carboxylic acids from alcohols, aldehydes andnitriles;

( f ) describe the acidic properties of carboxylic

acids as exemplified by their reactions withmetals and bases to form salts;

( g ) explain the substitution of the OH in

carboxylic acids by the nucleophiles OR and

C1 to form esters and acyl chloridesrespectively;

(h) describe the reduction of carboxylic acids to primary alcohols;

(i) describe the oxidation and dehydration ofmethanoic and ethanedioic acids (oxalic acid);

( j) state the uses of carboxylic acids in food, perfume and polymer industries.

19.2 Acyl chlorides 2 Candidates should be able to:


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Learning Outcome

( f ) describe the acid and base hydrolysis of esters;

( g ) describe the reduction of esters to primaryalcohols;

(h) state the uses of esters as flavourings, preservatives and solvents.

19.4 Amides 2 Candidates should be able to:

(a) write the general formula for amides;

(b) name amides according to the IUPACnomenclature;

(c) describe structural and optical isomerism inamides;

(d ) state the physical properties of amides;(e) describe the preparation of amides by the

reaction of acyl chlorides with primary amines;

( f ) describe the acid and base hydrolysis ofamides.

20 Amines, Amino Acids and

Proteins

8


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Learning Outcome

( j) explain the formation of dyes by the couplingreaction of the diazonium salt as exemplified by the reaction of benzenediazonium chloridewith phenol.

20.2 Amino acids 3 Candidates should be able to:

(a) write the structure and general formula for-amino acids;

(b) name -amino acids according to the IUPACnomenclature and their common names;

(c) describe structural and optical isomerism inamino acids;

(d ) state the physical properties of -amino acids;

(e) describe the acid and base properties of

-amino acids;

( f ) describe the formation of zwitterions;

( g ) explain the peptide linkage as amide linkageformed by the condensation between two or

more -amino acids as exemplified byglycylalanine and alanilglycine.


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Learning Outcome

( f ) state the role of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst inthe addition polymerisation process;

( g ) explain the classification of polymers as

thermosetting, thermoplastic and elastomer;

(h) identify isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) asthe monomer of natural rubber;

(i) describe the two isomers in poly(2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) in terms of the

elastic cis form (from the Hevea brasiliensis trees) and the inelastic trans form (from thegutta-percha trees);

( j) state the uses of polymers;

(k ) explain the difficulty in the disposal of

polymers;(l ) outline the advantages and disadvantages of

dumping polymer-based materials in rivers andseas.


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The Practical Syllabus

School-based Assessment of Practical

School-based assessment of practical works is carried out throughout the form six school terms forcandidates from government and private schools which have been approved by the MEC to carry outthe school-based assessment.

MEC will determine 13 compulsory experiments and one project to be carried out by thecandidates and to be assessed by the subject teachers in the respective terms. The project will becarried out during the third term in groups of two or three candidates. Details of the title, topic,objective, theory, apparatus, and procedure of each of the experiments and project will be specified inthe Teacher‟s and Student‟s Manual for Practical Chemistry which can be downloaded from MEC‟s

Portal (http://www.mpm.edu.my) by the subject teachers during the first term of form six.

Candidates should be supplied with a work scheme before the day of the compulsory experimentso as to enable them to plan their practical work. Each experiment is expected to last one schooldouble period. Assessment of the practical work is done by the subject teachers during the practicalsessions and also based on the practical reports. The assessment should comply with the assessmentguidelines prepared by MEC.

A repeating candidate may use the total mark obtained in the coursework for the subsequentSTPM examination. Requests to carry forward the moderated coursework mark should be madeduring the registration of the examination.

Candidates will be assessed based on the following:

(a) the use and organisation of techniques, apparatus and materials,

http://www.mpm.edu.my/http://www.mpm.edu.my/http://www.mpm.edu.my/http://www.mpm.edu.my/


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The objective of this project work is to enable candidates to acquire knowledge and skills inchemistry using information and communication technology as well as to develop soft skills asfollows:

(a) communications,

(b) teamwork,

(c) critical thinking and problem solving,

(d ) flexibility/adaptability,

(e) leadership,

( f ) organising,( g ) information technology and communications,

(h) moral and ethics.

Written Practical Test

The main objective of written practical test paper is to assess the candidate s‟ understanding of practical procedures in the laboratory.

The following candidates are eligible to take this written practical test:

(a) individual private candidates,

(b) candidates from private schools which have no permission to carry out the school-basedassessment of practical work,

(c) candidates who repeat upper six (in government or private schools),


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The questions to be set will cover the following three aspects:

(a) Volumetric analysis

Experimental procedures and calculations such as purity determination and stoichiometryfrom volumetric analysis of acid-base and redox titrations will be assessed.

(b) Determination of physical quantities

Experiments involving the measurements of selected quantities in the following topics:thermochemistry, reaction kinetics, equilibrium, solubility and electrochemistry will beassessed.

(c) Techniques

Techniques involving qualitative analysis of ions and functional groups and synthesis will be assessed. It will be assumed that candidates will be familiar with the simple reactions ofthe following ions: NH4

+, Mg

2+, Al

3+, Ca

2+, Cr

3+, Mn

2+, Fe

2+, Fe

3+, Ni

2+, Cu

2+, Zn

2+, Ba

2+,

Pb2+

, CO32

, NO3 , NO2 , S2

, SO42

, SO32

, S2O32

, Cl , Br , I , MnO4 , CH3CO2 , C2O42

.

Knowledge of simple organic reactions, e.g. test-tube reactions indicating the presence ofunsaturation and functional groups will be required.

The substances to be asked in questions may contain ions not included in the above list; insuch cases, candidates will not be expected to identify the ions but to draw conclusions of ageneral nature.


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Scheme of Assessment

Term ofStudy Paper Codeand Name Type of Test Mark(Weighting ) Duration Administration

First

Term 962/1

ChemistryPaper 1

Written Test

Section A

15 compulsory multiple-choicequestions to be answered.

Section B2 compulsory structured questionsto be answered.

Section C

2 questions to be answered out of 3essay questions.

All questions are based on topics 1

to 6.

60

(26.67%)

15

15

30

1½ hoursCentral

assessment

Second

Term962/2

ChemistryPaper 2

Written Test

Section A

15 compulsory multiple-choicequestions to be answered.

Section B

60

(26.67%)

15

15


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Term ofStudy

Paper Codeand Name

Type of Test Mark

(Weighting ) Duration Administration

962/5

ChemistryPaper 5

Written Practical Test

3 compulsory structured questionsto be answered.

45

(20%)1½ hours

Centralassessment

First,

Second

andThird

Terms

962/4Chemistry

Paper 4

School-based Assessment of

Practical

13 compulsory experiments andone project to be carried out.

225

to be

scaled to45

(20%)

Throughout the three

termsSchool-basedassessment


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Performance Descriptions

A Grade A candidate is likely able to:

(a) relate facts to concepts, theories, principles and vice versa;

(b) explain why a particular technique is preferred for a procedure or operation;

(c) select and synthesise data from various sources and present it in a clear logical form;

(d ) solve problems in any situation which may involve a wide range of variables;

(e) demonstrate an excellent use of generic skills.

A Grade C candidate is likely able to:

(a) relate a few facts to concepts, theories and principles;

(b) follow the procedure(s) for a multiple step operation;

(c) use the given data and present it in a clear logical form;

(d ) solve a problem involving more than one step, but with a limited range of variables;

(e) demonstrate a fair use of generic skills.


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Summary of Key Quantities and Units

The list below is intended as a guide for the common quantities which might be encountered in

teaching and used in question papers.

Quantity Common symbol Unitmass m kg, glength mtime t selectric current I Aamount of substance n mol

temperature T C, Ktemperature change , T C, Kvolume V m3, dm3, cm3

density kg m3, g dm

3, g cm

3

pressure p Pa, atmfrequency Hz

wavelength m, mm, nm

speed of light c m s1

Planck constant h J selectronic charge e C

standard electrode potential E V

standard reduction potential E V

standard cell potential ocell

E V

cell potentialcell

E V

electromotive force E V


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Quantity Common symbol Unitrate constant k as appropriateequilibrium constant K , K p, K c as appropriate

acid dissociation constant K a mol dm 3 base dissociation constant K b mol dm

3 mole fraction x

concentration c mol dm 3

solubility product K sp as appropriateionic product of water K w mol

2 dm

6

Periodic Table


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Group

1

(I)

2

(II)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

(III)

14

(IV)

15

(V)

16

(VI)

17

(VII)

18

(VIII)

1.0

H

1

4.0

He

2

6.9

Li

3

9.0

Be

4

a

X

b

a = relative atomic mass

X = atomic symbol

b = proton number

10.8

B

5

12.0

C

6

14.0

N

7

16.0

O

8

19.0

F

9

20.2

Ne

10

23.0

Na

11

24.3

Mg

12

27.0

Al

13

28.1

Si

14

31.0

P

15

32.1

S

16

35.5

Cl

17

40.0

Ar

18

39.1

K

19

40.1

Ca

20

45.0

Sc

21

47.9

Ti

22

50.9

V

23

52.0

Cr

24

54.9

Mn

25

55.8

Fe

26

58.9

Co

27

58.7

Ni

28

63.5

Cu

29

65.4

Zn

30

69.7

Ga

31

72.6

Ge

32

74.9

As

33

79.0

Se

34

79.9

Br

35

83.8

Kr

36

85.5

Rb

37

87.6

Sr

38

88.9

Y

39

91.2

Zr

40

92.9

Nb

41

95.9

Mo

42

[98]

Tc

43

101

Ru

44

103

Rh

45

106

Pd

46

108

Ag

47

112

Cd

48

115

In

49

119

Sn

50

122

Sb

51

128

Te

52

127

I

53

131

Xe

54

133

Cs

55

137

Ba

56

175.0

Lu

71

178

Hf

72

181

Ta

73

184

W

74

186

Re

75

190

Os

76

192

Ir

77

195

Pt

78

197

Au

79

201

Hg

80

204

Ti

81

207

Pb

82

209

Bi

83

[209]

Po

84

[210]

At

85

[222]

Rn

86

[223]

Fr

87

[226]

Ra

88

[262]

Lr

103

[261]

Rf

104

[262]

Db

105

[263]

Sg

106

[264]

Bh

107

[265]

Hs

108

[266]

Mt

109

[269]

Uuu]

110

[272]

Uuu

111

[277]

Uub

112

139

La57

140

Ce58

141

Pr59

144

Nd60

[145]

Pm61

150

Sm62

152

Eu63

157

Gd64

159

Tb65

163

Dy66

165

Ho67

167

Er68

169

Tm69

173

Yb70

227

Ac

89

232

Th

90

231

Pa

91

238

U

92

237

Np

93

[244]

Pu

94

[243]

Am

95

[247]

Cm

96

[247]

Bk

97

[251]

Cf

98

[252]

Es

99

[257]

Fm

100

[258]

Md

101

[259]

No

102

Lanthanides

Actinides

39


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Reference Books

Teachers and candidates may use books specially written for the STPM examination and other

reference books such as those listed below.

1. Cann, P. and Hughes, P., 2002. Chemistry for Advanced Level . London: John Murray.

2. Clugston, M. and Flemming, R., 2000. Advanced Chemistry. New York: Oxford.

3. Lister, T. and Renshaw, J., 2000. Understanding Chemistry for Advanced Level. 3rd edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

4. Ramsden, E.N., 2000. A-Level Chemistry. 4th edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

5. Brown, T.L. et al ., 2006. Chemistry: The Central Science. 10th edition. New Jersey: Pearson.

6. Chang, R., 2007. Chemistry. 9th edition. New York: McGraw Hill.

7. Hill, G. and Holman, J., 2000. Chemistry in Context . 5th edition. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

8. Moore, J.W., Stanitski, C.L., and Jurs, P.C., 2008. Chemistry The Molecular Science. 3rdedition. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.

9. Solomons, G. and Fryhle, C., 2008. Organic Chemistry. 9th edition. New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.

10. Brown, W. and Poon, T., 2005. Introduction to Organic Chemistry. 3rd edition. New Jersey:John Wiley & Sons

Identity card number: …………………………. Centre number/index number: ……………................


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(Nombor kad pengenalan) (Nombor pusat/angka giliran)

SPECIMEN PAPER

962/1 STPM

CHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)

SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

For examiner‟s use(Untuk kegunaan

pemeriksa)

Section B( Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE

TOLD TO DO SO.There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should bef

a l o n g t h e p e r f o r a t e d l i n e .

p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s - p u

t u s i n i . )


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BLANK PAGE


47/145

HALAMAN KOSONG


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Section A [15 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Which particle has the correct corresponding number of electrons and number of neutrons?

Particle Number of electrons Number of neutrons

A N16

7 9 7

B 2188 O 8 10

C F19

9

19 9

D Br 7935 34 44

2 The mass spectrum of an element X is shown below.

From the mass spectrum above, it can be concluded that,

100 99.63

14 15 Mass/charge0

Percentage

of abundance

0.37


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6 Which statement regarding metallic bond is correct?

A The metallic bond enables metals to be a good conductor of heat.

B The strength of the metallic bond depends on the size of the atom of the metal.

C The metallic bonds are formed because metals have relatively high ionisation energies.

D The metallic bond is formed from the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus in theatom.

7 A mixture of 8.0 g of a monoatomic gas X and an unknown quantity of mass of diatomic gas Y has a volume of V m3 at s.t.p. When 20.0 g of gas X is added to the mixture under the same

conditions, the volume of the mixture is 2V m

3

. What is the quantity of gas Y in the mixture?[Relative atomic masses of X and Y are 4 and 1 respectively. Assume that gas X does not react

with gas Y .]

A 1 g B 2 g C 5 g D 6 g

8 Boron nitride, BN, can exist in two different forms P and Q. P has a layered giant molecularlattice with weak forces between the layers. Q has a giant lattice in which each atom is bonded to

another by four covalent bonds. The following statements are regarding P and Q.

I P and Q have high melting points.

II P and Q have the same density.

III Structure Q is harder than structure P .

IV Structure Q conducts electricity in molten state.

Which statements about P and Q are correct?


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6 Penyataan yang manakah yang betul tentang ikatan logam?

A Ikatan logam membolehkan logam menjadi konduksi haba yang baik.

B Kekuatan ikatan logam bergantung kepada saiz atom logam itu.C Ikatan logam yang terbentuk disebabkan logam mempunyai tenaga pengionan yang tinggi

secara relatifnya.

D Ikatan logam terbentuk daripada penarikan antara elektron dengan nuklues dalam atom.

7 Satu campuran 8.0 g gas monoatom X dan satu kuantiti gas dwiatom Y yang tidak diketahui jisimnya mempunyai isi padu V m3 pada s.t.p. Apabila 20.0 g gas X ditambahkan kepada campuran

itu pada keadaan yang sama, isi padu campuran itu ialah 2V m

3

. Berapakah kuantiti gas Y dalamcampuran itu?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi X dan Y masing-masing ialah 4 dan 1. Anggap bahawa gas X tidak bertindak balas dengan gas Y .]

A 1 g B 2 g C 5 g D 6 g

8 Boron nitrida, BN, boleh wujud dalam dua bentuk yang berbeza, P dan Q. P mempunyai lapisan

kekisi molekul raksasa dengan daya yang lemah antara lapisan. Q mempunyai kekisi raksasa yang

mana setiap atom terikat kepada atom yang lain oleh empat ikatan kovalen. Penyataan yang berikut berkaitan dengan P dan Q.

I P dan Q mepunyai takat lebur yang tinggi

II P dan Q mempunyai ketumpatan yang sama

III Struktur Q lebih keras daripada struktur P

IV Struktur Q mengkonduksi elektik dalam keadaan leburan


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9 The distribution of molecular kinetic energy of a gas at 279 K and 289 K is shown by theMaxwell-BØltzman graph below.

Which statement best explains why the rate of reaction in a gas sample at 279 K increases twofolds when the temperature is increased to 289 K?

A The number of collisions increases two fold.

B The total area under the curve increases two fold.

C The average velocity of the molecules increases two fold.

D The numbers of molecules with energy equal to or greater than E a increases two fold.

10 The Arrhenius equation is given as k = .

a E

RT Ae A reaction occurs 27 times faster at 52 C than at

22 C. What is the activation energy for this reaction?

[Gas constant, R, is 8.31 J K 1 mol 1]

Kinetic energy

Number of

molecules


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9 Taburan tenaga kinetik bagi gas pada 279 K dan 289 K ditunjukkan dalam graf Maxwell-BØltzman di bawah.

Penyataan yang manakah yang paling baik menerangkan mengapa kadar tindak balas dalam

sampel gas pada 279 K bertambah dua kali ganda apabila suhu dinaikkan kepada 289 K?

A Bilangan perlanggaran bertambah dua kali ganda.

B Jumlah luas kawasan di bawah lengkung bertambah dua kali ganda.

C Halaju purata molekul bertambah dua kali ganda.

D Bilangan molekul dengan tenaga yang sama atau lebih besar daripada E a bertambah dua kali

ganda.

10 Persamaan Arrhenius diberikan sebagai k = .

a E

RT Ae Satu tindak balas berlaku 27 lebih cepat pada

52 C berbanding 22 C. Berapakah tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas ini?

[Pemalar gas, R ialah 8.31 J K 1 mol

1]

Tenaga kinetik

Bilanganmolekul


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13 In the reaction Cu2+

+ 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+

, the Cu2+

ion acts as a

A Lewis acid

B Lewis baseC Br Ønsted-Lowry acid

D Br Ønsted-Lowry base

14 The following quantities may change when 0.10 mol dm−3

ethanoic acid is diluted with water at298 K.

I Acid dissociation constant

II pH value

III Degree of dissociation

IV Ionic product of water

Which quantities will change?

A I and II

BI and IV

C II and III

D III and IV

15 The graph below shows the variation of pH for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm

3 aqueous

ammonia solution with 0.2 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid.

pH


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13 Dalam tindak balas, Cu2+

+ 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+

, ion Cu2+

bertindak sebagai

A asid Lewis

B bes LewisC asid Br Ønsted-Lowry

D bes Br Ønsted-Lowry

14 Kuantiti yang berikut boleh berubah apabila asid etanoik 0.10 mol dm−3

dicairkan dengan air pada298 K.

I Pemalar penceraian asid

II Nilai pH

III Darjah penceraian

IV Hasil darab ion bagi air

Kuantiti yang manakah yang akan berubah?

A I dan II

B I dan IV

C II dan III

D III dan IV

15 Graf di bawah menunjukkan ubahan pH bagi pentitratan 25.0 cm3 larutan akueus ammonia

0.2 mol dm 3 dengan asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm 3.


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HALAMAN KOSONG

p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s - p u t u s i n i .


58/145

Section B [15 marks]


16 Beams of particles from different sources are passed through an electric field. The path of the beam of sub-atomic particles Y through the electric field is shown in the diagram below.

(a) (i) Name the subatomic particles Y . [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Draw the paths of the beams of electrons and hydrogen ions in the above diagram.[2 marks]

+

Source of particles

–


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Bahagian B [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

16 Alur-alur zarah dari sumber-sumber yang berlainan dilalukan menerusi suatu medan elektrik.Laluan alur zarah subatom Y menerusi medan elektrik ditunjukkan dalam gambar rajah di bawah.

(a) (i) Namakan zarah subatom Y itu. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Lukis laluan alur elektron dan ion hidrogen pada gambar rajah di atas. [2 markah]

+

Sumber zarah

–



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17 The table below shows the temperature and pressure of critical point and triple point of substance X .

Temperature/ C Pressure/atm

Critical point 31 73

Triple point – 57 5

At atmospheric pressure, X sublimes at – 78 C. The freezing point of X increases by 2 C forevery 10 atm increase in pressure.

(a) Using the above information, sketch and label the phase diagram of X . [4 marks]

(b) Why does the freezing point of X increase with pressure? [1 mark ]


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17 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan suhu dan tekanan bagi takat genting dan takat ganda tiga bahan X .

Suhu/ C Tekanan/atm

Takat genting 31 73

Takat ganda tiga – 57 5

Pada tekanan atmosfera, X memejalwap pada suhu – 78 C. Takat beku X bertambah sebanyak

2 C bagi setiap pertambahan tekanan 10 atm.

(a) Menggunakan maklumat di atas, lakar dan label gambar rajah fasa X . [4 markah]

(b) Mengapakah takat beku X bertambah dengan tekanan? [1 markah]



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HALAMAN KOSONG


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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.

18 (a) Water is a hydride of oxygen. The bonding in water molecules is a result of the overlapping ofthe orbitals of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

(i) What is meant by orbitals? [1 mark ]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram illustrating the shapes of all the orbitals of an oxygen atomwith quantum number n = 2. [3 marks]

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the overlapping of orbitals in a water molecule.

[3 marks](b) Draw the Lewis structures for ion I3 and molecule SF6, and state their geometries. [4 marks]

State why

(i) compound SF6 is used as an insulating gas in high voltage electrical appliances,

[1 mark ]

(ii) compound SI6 does not exist, [1 mark ]

(iii) I3 and Br 3 ions exist but F3 ion does not exist under normal conditions. [2 marks]

19 Aqueous chlorine dioxide solution reacts with an alkaline solution according to the following

equation.

2ClO2(aq) + 2OH (aq) ClO3 (aq) + ClO2 (aq) + H2O(l)

(a) Determine the oxidation number of chlorine in ClO2 and ClO3 . [2 marks]


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Bahagian C [30 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

18 (a) Air ialah hidrida oksigen. Ikatan dalam molekul air terhasil melalui pertindihan orbital atomoksigen dengan atom hidrogen.

(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan orbital ? [1 markah]

(ii) Lukis gambar rajah berlabel yang mengilustrasikan bentuk semua orbital bagi atomoksigen dengan nombor kuantum n = 2. [3 markah]

(iii) Lukis gambar rajah berlabel untuk mengilustrasi pertindihan orbital dalam molekul air.

[3 markah](b) Lukis struktur Lewis bagi ion I3 dan molekul SF6, dan nyatakan geometri bagi ion I3 dan

molekul SF6. [4 markah]

Nyatakan mengapa

(i) sebatian SF6 digunakan sebagai gas penebat dalam alat-alat elektrik bervoltan tinggi,

[1 markah]

(ii) sebatian SI6 tidak wujud, [1 markah]

(iii) ion I3 dan ion Br 3 wujud tetapi ion F3 tidak wujud dalam keadaan biasa. [2 markah]

19 Larutan klorin dioksida akueus bertindak balas dengan larutan beralkali mengikut persamaan yang berikut.

2ClO2(ak) + 2OH (ak) ClO3 (ak) + ClO2 (ak) + H2O(c)


66/145

20 (a) The Haber process is used in the industrial production of ammonia. The equation for thereaction is as follows.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = 92 kJ mol1

An analysis of an equilibrium mixture obtained from the mixing of gaseous nitrogen andhydrogen shows a composition of 40% of ammonia when the total pressure of the system is 20 atm.

(i) Determine the mole fraction of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. [3 marks]

(ii) Calculate the partial pressures for nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia. [2 marks]

(iii) Calculate the equilibrium constant, K p, for the equilibrium. [2 marks]

(b) In an experiment, 0.100 moles of dinitrogen tetraoxide gas is allowed to dissociate to nitrogen

dioxide gas in a 1.0 dm3 container at 383 K. The graph of concentrations of both gases against time isshown below.

Time/min

Concentration/

mol dm3


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20 (a) Proses Haber digunakan dalam penghasilan industri ammonia. Persamaan bagi tindak balasadalah seperti yang berikut.

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = 92 kJ mol1

Analisis suatu campuran keseimbangan yang diperoleh daripada campuran gas nitrogen danhidrogen menunjukkan komposisi ammonia 40% apabila jumlah tekanan sistem adalah 20 atm.

(i) Tentukan pecahan mol nitrogen, hidrogen, dan ammonia. [3 markah]

(ii) Hitung tekanan separa bagi nitrogen, hidrogen, dan ammonia. [2 markah]

(iii) Hitung pemalar keseimbangan, K p, untuk keseimbangan itu. [2 markah]

(b) Dalam satu uji kaji, 0.100 mol gas dinitrogen tetraoksida dibiarkan tercerai kepada gas

nitrogen dioksida di dalam bekas 1.0 dm3 pada 383 K. Graf kepekatan kedua-dua gas itu lawan masaditunjukkan di bawah.

Masa/min

Kepekatan/

mol dm 3


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69/145

SPECIMEN PAPER

962/2 STPMCHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)


MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)



pemeriksa)Section B

( Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C



TOLD TO DO SO.

There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choicesof answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the

Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Markswill not be deducted for wrong answers.

Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided. Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should bea

l o n g t h e p e r f o r a t e d l i n e .

p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s - p

u t u s i n i . )


70/145

BLANK PAGE


71/145

HALAMAN KOSONG

S i A [15 k ]


72/145

Section A [15 marks]


1 Which equation represents the enthalpy of atomisation of sodium?

A Na(s) Na(g)

B Na(l) Na(g)

C Na(l) Na+(g) + e

D Na(g) Na+(g) + e

2 The diagram below shows the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of sodium fluoride.

Na(s) + ½F2(g) NaF(s)

+107 kJ mol 1 +79 kJ mol 1

Na(g) F(g) 928 kJ mol 1

+496 kJ mol1

Na+(g) + F (g)

What is the electron affinity of fluorine?

A 820 kJ l 1 B 328 kJ l 1 C 275 kJ l 1 D 246 kJ l 1

574 kJ mol1

B h i A [15 k h]


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Bahagian A [15 markah]


1 Persamaan yang manakah yang mewakili entalpi pengatoman natrium?

A Na(p) Na(g)

B Na(c) Na(g)

C Na(c) Na+(g) + e

D Na(g) Na+(g) + e

2 Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan kitar Born-Haber bagi pembentukan natrium fluorida.

Na(p) + ½F2(g) NaF(p)

+107 kJ mol 1 +79 kJ mol 1

Na(g) F(g) 928 kJ mol 1

+496 kJ mol1

Na+(g) + F (g)

Berapakah afiniti elektron fluorin?

A 820 kJ l 1 B 328 kJ l 1 C 275 kJ l 1 D 246 kJ l 1

574 kJ mol1

4 Th t d d d ti t ti l E f d f ll


74/145

4 The standard reduction potentials, E , for oxygen and manganese are as follows.

Electrode system E /V

O2(g), H

+

(aq), H2O2(aq) Pt(s) +0.68MnO4 (aq), H

+(aq), Mn2+(aq) Pt(s) +1.52

The chemical cell constructed by combining the two half-cells above may have the following

results.

I Mn2+

ion undergoes reduction to form MnO4 ion.

II H2O2 undergoes oxidation to form O2.

III The platinum electrode for oxygen half-cell is the positive electrode.IV The e.m.f. of the cell is +0.84 V.

Which of the above statements are true for the chemical cell formed?

A I and II

B I and III

C II and IV

D III and IV

5 The graph below shows the standard reduction potentials, E , for the half-cell reactions of fiveelements, P , Q, R, S and T .

E /V


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6 The standard reduction potentials E for several copper and iron species are given below


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6 The standard reduction potentials, E , for several copper and iron species are given below.

Electrode system E /V

Cu2+

(aq)/Cu+(aq) +0.15

Cu2+

(aq)/Cu(s) +0.34

Cu+(aq)/Cu(s) +0.52

Fe2+

(aq)/Fe(s) 0.44

Fe3+

(aq)/Fe(s) 0.04

Fe3+

(aq)/Fe2+

(aq) +0.77

Which statement regarding the species is correct?

A Cu(s) is the strongest reducing agent.

B Fe3+(aq) is the strongest oxidising agent.

C Cu2+(aq) is able to oxidise Fe2+(aq) to Fe3+(aq).

D The e.m.f. of the cell Fe(s) Fe2+

(aq) Cu+(aq) Cu(s) is 0.08 V.

7 A molten compound consisting of the elements X and Y is electrolysed using a current of 1.00 Afor 1930 seconds. 2.07 g of X is formed at the cathode and 1.60 g of Y is formed at the anode. Whatis the correct empirical formula for the compound?

[Relative atomic masses for X and Y are 207.0 and 80.0 respectively; Faraday‟s constant, F , is

96 500 C mol1.]

A XY B XY 2 C X 2Y D X 2Y 2

6 Keupayaan penurunan piawai E bagi beberapa spesis kuprum dan ferum diberikan di bawah


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6 Keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi beberapa spesis kuprum dan ferum diberikan di bawah.

Sistem elektrod E /V

Cu2+

(ak)/Cu+(ak) +0.15

Cu2+

(ak)/Cu(p) +0.34

Cu+(ak)/Cu(p) +0.52

Fe2+

(ak)/Fe(p) 0.44

Fe3+

(ak)/Fe(p) 0.04

Fe3+

(ak)/Fe2+

(ak) +0.77

Penyataan yang manakah yang betul tentang spesis itu?

A Cu(p) ialah agen penurunan yang paling kuat.

B Fe3+(ak) ialah agen pengoksidaan yang paling kuat.

C Cu2+(ak) boleh mengoksida Fe2+(ak) kepada Fe3+(ak).

D D.g.e sel Fe(p) Fe2+

(ak) Cu+(ak) Cu(p) ialah 0.08 V.

7 Satu sebatian lebur yang terdiri daripada unsur X dan Y telah dielektrolisiskan menggunakan arus1.00 A selama 1930 saat. Sebanyak 2.07 g X terbentuk di katod dan 1.60 g Y terbentuk di anod.Apakah formula empirik yang betul bagi sebatian itu?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi X dan Y masing-masing ialah 207.0 dan 80.0; Pemalar Faraday, F , ialah

96 500 C mol1.]

A XY B XY 2 C X 2Y D X 2Y 2


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10 Satu tetraklorida Kumpulan 14, X Cl4, Jadual Berkala tidak stabil secara terma dan mudah


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0 S u e o d u pu , C 4, J du e d s b sec e d udterhidrolisis. Tetraklorida itu terurai pada suhu bilik mengikut persamaan:

X Cl4 X Cl2 + Cl2

Apakah X ?

A Karbon B Silikon C Germanium D Plumbum

11 Penyataan yang manakah yang benar tentang oksida unsur Kumpulan 14 Jadual Berkala?

A Kesemua oksida mempunyai ikatan kovalen.

B Oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +4 boleh bertindak balas dengan alkali.

C Oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +4 lebih stabil apabila menuruni kumpulan.

D Keasidan oksida dengan keadaan pengoksidaan +2 bertambah apabila menuruni kumpulan.

12 Satu larutan akueus X , suatu campuran dua sebatian, mempunyai sifat-sifat yang berikut.

(i) Terurai dalam kehadiran cahaya untuk membentuk gas.

(ii) Bertindak balas dengan akueus barium hidroksida untuk membentuk garam dan air.

(iii) Bertindak balas dengan akueus argentum nitrat untuk membentuk mendakan yangmelarut dalam ammonia akueus.

Sebatian yang berikut mungkin terdapat dalam larutan akueus X .

I HCl

II HBr

III HOCl

14 In which compound does the transition element have the lowest oxidation state?


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p

A NH4VO3

B K 3Fe(CN)6

C CrO2Cl2

D MnC2O4

15 A transition element can act as a homogeneous catalyst because

A it exhibits variable oxidation states

B it decreases the enthalpy of reactions

C it supplies energy to increase the rate of effective collisions

D it supplies electrons to facilitate adsorption through the formation of temporary bonds

14 Sebatian yang manakah unsur peralihannya mempunyai keadaan pengoksidaan paling rendah?


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y g p y p y p g p g

A NH4VO3

B K 3Fe(CN)6

C CrO2Cl2

D MnC2O4

15 Unsur peralihan boleh bertindak sebagai mangkin homogen kerana

A unsur peralihan mempamerkan keadaan pengoksidaan yang berubah

B unsur peralihan mengurangkan entalpi tindak balas

C unsur peralihan membekalkan tenaga untuk menambah kadar perlanggaran efektif

D unsur peralihan membekalkan elektron untuk memudahkan penjerapan melalui pembentukanikatan sementara.

BLANK PAGE


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HALAMAN KOSONG


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16 (a) The two common oxides of lead are lead(II) oxide and lead(IV) oxide. Lead(II) oxidedissolves readily in aqueous nitric acid. Lead(IV) oxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid toform lead(II) chloride and chlorine.

(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between lead(II) oxide and aqueous nitricacid. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) What is the property shown by lead(II) oxide in the reaction in part (i)? [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between lead(IV) oxide and concentratedhydrochloric acid. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iv) State the change in the oxidation number of lead in the reaction in part (iii). [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(v) What is the property shown by lead(IV) oxide in this reaction? [1 mark ]


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17 (a) A bleach liquid can be prepared from the reaction of chlorine with aqueous solution ofsodi m h dro ide at room temperat re


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sodium hydroxide at room temperature.

(i) Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction that occurs. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State the change in oxidation state of chlorine in the reaction. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) State the active substance of bleaching liquid formed. [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Photochromic glass is made based on the concept of black-white photography.

(i) What is the additive substance of photochromic glass? [1 mark ]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) State what happens when photochromic glass is exposed to light, and write a balancedequation for the reaction. [3 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Equation:

17 (a) Satu cecair peluntur boleh disediakan daripada tindak balas klorin dengan larutan akueusnatrium hidroksida pada suhu bilik


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natrium hidroksida pada suhu bilik.

(i) Tulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nyatakan perubahan keadaan pengoksidaan klorin dalam tindak balas itu. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Nyatakan bahan aktif cecair peluntur yang terbentuk. [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Kaca fotokromik dibuat berdasarkan konsep fotografi hitam putih.

(i) Apakah bahan tambahan kaca fotokromik? [1 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Nyatakan apakah yang berlaku apabila kaca fotokromik terdedah kepada cahaya, dantulis persamaan berimbang bagi tindak balas itu. [3 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

Persamaan:p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s - p u t u s i n i .


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18 (a) Cecair hidrazina, N2H4, digunakan sebagai bahan api roket kerana entalpi pembakarannyasangat eksotermik. Persamaan termokimia bagi pembakaran hidrazina adalah seperti yang berikut:

N2H4(c) + O2(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g) H = – 534.0 kJ

(i) Dalam satu uji kaji, 1.0 g hidrazina dibakar dalam kalorimeter bom. Hitung perubahan

suhu jika jumlah muatan haba kalorimeter bom dan kandungannya itu ialah 5.86 kJ C – 1.

[5 markah]

(ii) Entalpi pembentukan wap air ialah – 242.0 kJ mol – 1. Hitung entalpi pembentukan

hidrazina. [3 markah]

(b) Entalpi pengewapan natrium, aluminium, dan klorin diberikan dalam jadual di bawah.

Unsur Entalpi pengewapan / kJ mol – 1

Natrium 103

Aluminium 294

Klorin 20.4

(i) Jelaskan perubahan entalpi pengewapan natrium, aluminium, dan klorin. [4 markah]

(ii) Natrium dan aluminium masing-masing bertindak balas secara berasingan denganklorin untuk membentuk natrium klorida dan aluminium klorida. Sebatian tersebut yang manakahyang mempunyai entalpi pegewapan paling tinggi? Justifikasikan jawapan anda. [3 markah]

20 (a) The common oxidation states of the transition metal ions below are +2 and +3. The graph below shows the trend in standard reduction potentials of M

3+(aq)/ M

2+(aq) system of selected


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p ( q) ( q) ytransition metal ions.

(i) Name two ions that have stable +2 oxidation state in aqueous solution. Justify youranswer. [3 marks]

(ii) The standard reduction potentials, E , of several species are given below.

Reaction E /V

Fe

2+

+ 2e Fe 0.44Fe3+ + 3e Fe 0.04

Fe3+

+ 3e Fe2+

+1.77

O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O +1.23

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH +0.40

Standardelectrode potential

/V

20 (a) Keadaan pengoksidaan lazim bagi ion logam peralihan di bawah ialah +2 dan +3. Grafdi bawah menunjukkan trend keupayaan penurunan piawai bagi sistem M

3+(ak)/ M

2+(ak) bagi ion


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j p y p p g ( ) ( ) glogam peralihan yang terpilih.

(i) Namakan dua ion yang mempunyai keadaan pengoksidaan +2 yang stabil dalam larutanakueus. Justifikasikan jawapan anda. [3 markah]

(ii) Keupayaan penurunan piawai, E , bagi beberapa spesis diberikan di bawah.

Tindak balas E /V

Fe2+ + 2e Fe 0.44

Fe3+

+ 3e Fe 0.04

Fe3+

+ 3e Fe2+

+1.77

O2 + 4H+ + 4e 2H2O +1.23

O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH +0.40

Keupayaanelektrod piawai

/V


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SPECIMEN PAPER


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SPECIMEN PAPER

962/3 STPMCHEMISTRY (KIMIA)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)


MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)



pemeriksa)

Section B( Bahagian B)

16

17

Section C



TOLD TO DO SO.There are fifteen questions in Section A. For each question, four choices

of answers are given. Choose one correct answer and indicate it on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Read the instructions on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet very carefully. Answer all questions. Marks

will not be deducted for wrong answers. Answer all questions in Section B. Write your answers in the spaces

provided.

Answer any two questions in Section C. All essential working should be a l o n g t h e p e r f o r a t e d l i n e .

p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s - p u t u s i n i . )

BLANK PAGE


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HALAMAN KOSONG


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Bahagian A [15 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini


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1 Sebatian yang manakah yang mempunyai atom karbon yang menunjukkan penghibridan sp3

?

A CH2=CH CH=CH2

B

C

D H C C H

2 Apabila 0.1 mol hidrokarbon X dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, 17.6 g karbon dioksidadihasilkan. Didapati bahawa 0.1 mol X akan bertindak balas dengan 4.48 dm

3 wap bromin dalam

keadaan piawai. Apakah formula struktur yang mungkin bagi X ?

[Jisim atom relatif bagi C dan O masing-masing ialah 12.0 dan 16.0; isi padu molar gas ialah

22.4 dm3 pada stp.]

A CH3CH=CHCH3

B CH2=C=C=CH2

C CH3CH2CH2CH3

D CH2=CHCH=CH2

CH=CH2

CH3

6 An organic compound Z undergoes a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. Z also reacts withhydrogen bromide to form 2-bromopropane.


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The structural formula of Z is

A CH3CH2CH3

B CH2 CH2

C CH3CH CH2

D CH3CH(OH)CH3

7 The following statements are about nitration of benzene.

I Nitric acid acts as an electrophile.II The reaction involves free radicals.

III Nitronium ion, NO2+, is an electrophile.

IV Nitronium ion, NO2+, is formed from concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3.

Which statements regarding the mechanism of nitration of benzene are true?

A I and II

B I and IV

C II and III

D III and IV

8 Which reaction occurs through S N1 mechanism?

C C C C

6 Satu sebatian organik Z mengalami tindak balas penghidrogenan bermangkin. Z juga bertindak balas dengan hidrogen bromida untuk membentuk 2-bromopropana.


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Formula struktur Z ialah

A CH3CH2CH3

B CH2 CH2

C CH3CH CH2

D CH3CH(OH)CH3

7 Penyataan yang berikut adalah tentang penitratan benzena.

I Asid nitrik bertindak sebagai elektrofil.II Tindak balas melibatkan radikal bebas.

III Ion nitronium, NO2+ ialah elektrofil.

IV Ion nitronium, NO2+, terbentuk daripada H2SO4 pekat dan HNO3.

Penyataan yang manakah yang betul berkaitan dengan mekanisme penitratan benzena?

A I dan II

B I dan IV

C II dan III

D III dan IV

8 Tindak balas yang manakah yang berlaku melalui mekanisme S N1?

C C C C

11 Which compound produces a yellow precipitate when reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine?

O


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A CH3CH2CH2C OH

B CH3CH2C OCH3

C CH3CH2CH2C Cl

D CH3CH2CCH3

12 Phenol is used to prepare CH3COOC6H5 through an intermediate X as shown in the followingscheme.

C6H5OH X CH3COOC6H5

What are reagent I and reagent II in the above scheme?

Reagent I Reagent II

A Na CH3COCl

B PCl5 CH3COCl

C PCl5 CH3COOH

D NaOH CH3COOH

Reagent I Reagent II

O

O

O

11 Sebatian yang manakah yang menghasilkan mendakan kuning apabila bertindak balas dengan2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazina?

O


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A CH3CH2CH2C OH

B CH3CH2C OCH3

C CH3CH2CH2C Cl

D CH3CH2CCH3

12 Fenol digunakan untuk menyediakan CH3COOC6H5 melalui perantaraan X seperti ditunjukkan

dalam skema yang berikut.

C6H5OH X CH3COOC6H5

Apakah reagen I dan reagen II dalam skema di atas?

Reagen I Reagen II

A Na CH3COCl

B PCl5 CH3COCl

C PCl5 CH3COOH

D NaOH CH3COOH

Reagen I Reagen II

O

O

O

O

15 The following is a pair of a polymer and its possible repeating unit.

Polymer Repeating unit


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I Poly(propene) CH(CH3)CH2

II Poly(styrene) CHCH2CHCH2

III Terylene OCH2CH2OCO

IV Nylon-6,6 CO(CH2)5 NH

Which is the correct match between a polymer and its repeating unit?

A I and II

B I and IV

C II and III

D III and IV

CO

15 Padanan yang berikut adalah tentang polimer dan unit ulangan yang mungkin.

Polimer Unit ulangan


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I Poli(propena) CH(CH3)CH2

II Poli(stirena) CHCH2CHCH2

III Terilena OCH2CH2OCO

IV Nilon-6,6 CO(CH2)5 NH

Padanan yang manakah yang betul antara polimer dan unit ulangannya?

A I dan II

B I dan IV

C II dan III

D III dan IV

CO

BLANK PAGE


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16 (a) Starting with 1-bromopropane, CH3CH2CH2Br, show the reaction schemes to synthesise thefollowing carboxylic acids. [4 marks]

(i) CH3CH2COOH

(ii) CH3CH2CH2COOH

(b) Write equations for the reactions between benzoyl chloride, C6H5COCl, and the following

compounds, and name the organic products according to the IUPAC nomenclature. [4 marks](i) CH3 NH2

Bahagian B [15 markah]



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16 (a) Bermula dengan 1-bromopropana, CH3CH2CH2Br, tunjukkan skema tindak balas untukmensintesiskan asid karboksilik yang berikut. [4 markah]

(i) CH3CH2COOH

(ii) CH3CH2CH2COOH

(b) Tulis persamaan bagi tindak balas antara benzoil klorida, C6H5COCl, dengan sebatian yang

berikut, dan namakan hasil-hasil organik itu mengikut tatanama IUPAC. [4 markah](i) CH3 NH2

p a n j a n g g a r i s p u t u s

- p u t u s i n i .

17 (a) Compound X is a phenylalanine which is an essential amino acid that must be provided in thediet for healthy growth. The structural formula of X is given below.

NH


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(i) Name the functional groups in compound X . [2 marks]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Draw the structure of X at isoelectric point. State the direction of the movement of X

when a potential difference is applied to an aqueous solution of X at isoelectric point. [2 marks]

(iii) Draw the structure of X at pH = 2. [1 mark ]

CH2 CHCOOH

NH2

17 (a) Sebatian X ialah fenilalanina yang merupakan asid amino perlu disediakan dalam diet untuk pertumbuhan yang sihat. Formula struktur X diberikan di bawah.

NH2


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(i) Namakan kumpulan berfungsi dalam sebatian X . [2 markah]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Lukis struktur X pada takat isoelektrik. Nyatakan arah gerakan X apabila satu beza

keupayaan dikenakan pada larutan akueus X pada takat isoelektrik. [2 markah]

(iii) Lukis struktur X pada pH = 2. [1 markah]

CH2 CHCOOH

NH2


BLANK PAGE


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Section C [30 marks]

Answer any two questions in this section.


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18 (a) Methylbenzene is obtained from benzene using Friedel-Crafts reaction.(i) State the reagent and conditions required for the reaction. [2 marks]

(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction. [1 mark ]

(iii) State the electrophile involved in this reaction. [1 mark ]

(iv) Describe a simple chemical test to detect the presence of methylbenzene. Write an

equation for the reaction involved. [3 marks]

(b) Chlorine gas is bubbled into methylbenzene in the presence of light and in the absence of acatalyst.

(i) Draw structural formulae of any two organic compounds formed and name them.[4 marks]

(ii) Write the mechanism for the reaction. [4 marks]

19 The table below lists the acid dissociation constants, K a, for three hydroxy compounds in aqueoussolutions at 298 K.

Name of compound Formula K a/mol dm3

Cyclohexanol 1.0 1018

OH




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18 (a) Metilbenzena diperoleh daripada benzena menggunakan tindak balas Friedel-Crafts.(i) Nyatakan reagen dan keadaan yang diperlukan bagi tindak balas itu. [2 markah]

(ii) Tu

962 sp chemistry.pdf

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