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8TH GRADE

AMERICAN HISTORY

COURSE OF STUDY

FINDLAY CITY SCHOOLS 2003

(Revised 2007)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Findlay City Schools’ Mission Statement and Beliefs 2. 8th Grade American History Curriculum Map 3. 8th Grade American History Indicators 4. References

8th Grade American History Course of Study Writing Team

Bill Barberree Mark Dickman

Maureen Gannon Gregg Lang

Brandon McCall Greg Philipp

Dianna Schweinfurth Sandy White

8th Grade History Curriculum Map 12/07

First Grading Period

• Chapters 1 & 2 Review (2-3 days) • Chapter 3 • Chapter 4 • Chapter 5 • Chapter 6

Second Grading Period

• Declaration of Independence • Chapter 7 • Chapter 8 • Constitution

Third Grading Period • Chapter 9 • Chapter 10 • Chapter 11 • Chapter 12

Fourth Grading Period

• Chapter 13 • Chapter 14 • Civil War Overview • Achievement Test Review • Achievement Test • Citizenship Unit – 4 weeks

Chapter 3 The English Establish 13 Colonies

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark A. Interpret relationships between events shown on multiple-tier

time lines Indicator (01): Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships among

events. 6-8 History Benchmark D: Describe the effects of interactions among civilizations during the

14th through the 18th centuries. - Indicator (02): Describe the political, religious and economic aspects of North American

colonization 6-8 Geography Benchmark B. Define and identify regions using human and physical characteristics. - Indicator (01): Compare places and regions in the U.S. as they existed prior to 1877 with the same places and regions today to analyze changes in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics. 6-8 Geography Benchmark D: Explain reasons that people, products and ideas move from place to place and the effects of that movement on geographic patterns. - Indicator (03): Explain how colonization, westward expansion, immigration and advances in

transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States. 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.

- Indicator (01): Trace the development of religious diversity in the colonies, and analyze how the concept of religious freedom has evolved in the United States.

6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.

- Indicator (02): Discuss how mercantilism and the establishment of colonies led to increased global trading during the 17th and 18th centuries.

6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group. - Indicator (04): Organize and Lead a discussion. - Indicator (05): Identify ways to manage conflict within a group.

KNOW

• The components necessary to design an accurate timeline.

• How to place events in sequential order dates and events pertinent to world and U.S. History.

• The reasons for colonization, including religion, desire for land and economic opportunity

• How the interactions between American Indians and European settlers affected the agricultural and cultural exchanges, alliances and conflicts.

• How indentured servitude effected the introduction and institutionalization of slavery.

• The key differences among the Spanish, French and British colonies.

• The areas of the 13 Colonies on a U.S. map

• The importance of landforms, waterways, and natural resources on American history.

• What is meant by stereotyping and prejudice and the effects of

• Describe the religious aspect of colonization

• What the harmful effects racism and discrimination are.

• What was imported and exported by the colonies.

• What nations were involved in trade with the colonies.

• Understand mercantilism

DO

• Construct a multiple-tier timeline. • Interpret cause and effect

relationships of events.

• Know and understand the causes and effects of European exploration.

• Know and describe the importance of

the Native American heritage and culture.

• Trace the impact of colonization on our

culture today.

• Label the 13 colonies and their major landforms on a map

• Analyze interactions between cultural

groups (Native Americans, religious groups)

• Analyze a chart that compares what the

colonies traded with other nations. • Discuss how mercantilism works • Understand the Puritan’s religious

philosophy and compare and contrast this with our First Amendment beliefs.

Describe how the Salem Witch Trials took

place and its effect on religion in the colonies

Chapter 4 The Colonies Develop

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark D: Describe the effects of interactions among civilizations during the


colonization 6-8 Geography Benchmark B. Define and identify regions using human and physical characteristics. - Indicator (01): Compare places and regions in the U.S. as they existed prior to 1877 with the same places and regions today to analyze changes in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics. 6-8 Geography Benchmark D: Explain reasons that people, products and ideas move from place to place and the effects of that movement on geographic patterns. - Indicator (03): Explain how colonization, westward expansion, immigration and advances in

transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States. 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.


- Indicator (02): Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and discrimination.

- Indicator (03): Analyze how contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.

- Indicator (04): Analyze the economic, geographic, religious and political factors that contributed to enslavement and resistance to slavery of Africans.




KNOW

• How early representative governments and democratic practices emerged including but not limited to town meetings and colonial assemblies.

• Reasons for slavery What can cause institutionalized racism and institutionalized discrimination.

• What was involved in the enslavement of Africans in North America.

• Understand the desire for religious freedom

• Be familiar with Colonial regions in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics.

• The importance of landforms, waterways, and natural resources

• The impact of slavery on our economy and on trade with other nations.

• The varied ways of earning a living in the colonies.

• The impact of the Triangular Trade. • The principal products and economies

of different colonies and regions of the U.S.

• The importance of ships and sea commerce.

• The importance of immigration in commerce and global trading

• The various religious groups and their impact on religion and culture in America.

• The impact of European countries on the colonies’ beliefs, values and educational institutions.

• The ethnic identity of each American colony

DO

- Describe the significance of the House of Burgesses and the Mayflower Compact

- Describe and analyze the institutions of slavery and Indentured servants

• Compare the Colonial regions in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics.

- Analyze how the concept of religious freedom has evolved

• Evaluate which side benefited in the trade exchange.

• Decide if goods traded for by the

colonies could have been made or grown in the colonies.

• Explain the major shipping and economic

hubs in the colonies and with whom we traded.

• Explain how a plantation operated.

Understand an enslaved African’s

treatment and feelings from the point of capture in Africa to being sold into slavery in the colonies.

Chapter 5 Beginnings of an American Identity


time lines Indicator (01): Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships among

events. 6-8 History Benchmark D: Describe the effects of interactions among civilizations during the


colonization 6-8 Geography Benchmark B. Define and identify regions using human and physical characteristics. - Indicator (01): Compare places and regions in the U.S. as they existed prior to 1877 with the same places and regions today to analyze changes in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics. 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.



- Indicator (05): Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights.

6-8 People in Societies Benchmark C: Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government.

- Indicator (06): Explain how the diverse peoples of the U.S. developed a common national identity. 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.


6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today. - Indicator (04): Show connections between the rights and the responsibilities of

citizenship. 6-8 Government Benchmark A: Explain why people institute governments, how they influence governments and how governments interact with each other.

- Indicator (01): Analyze the principles of self-government and natural rights expressed in the Declaration of Independence and their relationship to Enlightenment ideas.

-

KNOW

• How conflicts among colonial powers

affected the control of North America.(French and Indian War)

• Know about The Great Awakening and The Enlightenment.

• The influence of English government(Early representative governments and practices that emerged including town meetings and colonial assemblies) on the colonies

• Role of Native Americans in the French and Indian War

• The impact of the English system of government and law on the development of the U.S.

• The significance of the Magna Carta to the British system of government.

• The steps that occurred in the development of British Government

DO


relationships of events. • Know and describe the importance of

the Native American heritage and culture.

• Describe how conflicts, battles and wars between exploring countries affected their quest for colonization

• Describe the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights

• Make a graphic organizer of English Natural Rights Development.

• Analyze the effects of contact between white settlers and American Indians

Chapter 6 Road to the Revolution


time lines - Indicator (01): Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships

among events. 6-8 History Benchmark E: Explain the causes and consequences of the American Revolution, with emphasis on both Colonial and British perspectives.

- Indicator (03): Identify and explain the sources of conflict which led to the American Revolution, with emphasis on the perspectives of the Patriots, Loyalists, neutral colonists and the British.

- Indicator (04): Explain the results of important developments of the American Revolution 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark C: Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government

- Indicator (06): Explain how the diverse peoples of the U.S. developed a common national identity.


- Indicator (03): Explain the purpose and effects of trade barriers such as tariffs enacted before the Civil War.

6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark A: Show the relationship between civic participation and attainment of civic and public goals.

- Indicator (01): Show the relationship between participating in civic and political life and the attainment of individual and public goals.

6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today.

- Indicator (03): Evaluate the role of historical figures and political bodies in furthering and restricting the rights of individuals. 6-8 Government Benchmark A: Explain why people institute governments, how they influence governments and how governments interact with each other.

- Indicator (01): Analyze the principles of self-government and natural rights expressed in the Declaration of Independence and their relationship to Enlightenment ideas.

6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark A: Analyze different perspectives on the topic obtained from a variety of sources.

- Indicator 01): Compare accuracy and point of view of fiction and non-fiction sources about a particular era or event.

6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark C.: Present a position and support it with evidence and citation of sources.

- Indicator (02): Construct a historical narrative using primary and secondary sources.

KNOW

• How the Proclamation of 1763, the

Stamp Act, The Townsend Acts, the Tea Act and the Intolerable Acts helped lead to the American Revolution.

• What roles the Boston Tea Party, the boycotts, the Boston Massacre, the Sons of Liberty, the Committees of Correspondence, and petitions and appeals to Parliament played in the conflict between the colonies and England.

• What roles Patrick Henry, John Adams, and Sam Adams, Thomas Jefferson played in the American Revolution.

• What actions were taken by First Continental Congress during the Revolution.

• What led to Lexington and Concord and what effect it had on the revolution

• The impact that Thomas Paine’s Common Sense had on the colonists

• Why the Colonist felt they had the Right to declare independence.

• What is meant by the natural rights including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

• That each colony and region developed a unique way of life and culture, but was joined together by a common spirit and cause.

• The contradiction between Jefferson’s ideas incorporated in the Declaration of Independence and his role as a slave owner

DO • Explain the significance (cause and

effect) of each of the sources of conflict.

• List the different events that make up the Townsend and Intolerable Acts

• Record the events and the date it occurred in chronological order in a graphic organizer or timeline.

• Debate the sources of conflict using the point of view of the British and of the Colonist.

• Construct a historical narrative using primary and secondary sources. About the Revolution from the position of a patriot, loyalist, or British subject.

• Discuss the 5 main parts of the Declaration of Independence.

• Describe Jefferson’s dilemma with the slavery issue while writing the Declaration of Independence.

Chapter 7 The American Revolution




- Indicator (03): Identify and explain the sources of conflict which led to the American Revolution, with emphasis on the perspectives of the Patriots, Loyalists, neutral colonists and the British.

- Indicator (04): Explain the results of important developments of the American Revolution 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.






- 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group.

- Indicator (04): Organize and Lead a discussion. - Indicator (05): Identify ways to manage conflict within a group.

KNOW

• How the Continental Army conducted the war against Great Britain.

• The impact that Thomas Paines Common Sense had on the colonists Views.

• The role France and spain played in the American Revolution.

• The role played by John Paul Jones in the naval aspects of the American Revolution.

• The costs of American Revolution in terms of lives and money.

• What is meant by the term Republicanism.

• Significance of the shift of the battles from the North to the South.

• The character and significance of the military struggle in the North in the early years of the war and the shift of the battle to the South after 1779.

• What led to the creation of state Constitutions.

• The roles played by women, African-Americans and American Indians in the American Revolution.

• Key historical figures who took part in the Rev. War.

DO


relationships of events. • Describe the effects of the entry of

France and Spain into the war. • Explain the Key strategies by both sides

of the Revolutionary War • Create a time line that includes the key

battles and generals of the war. • Explain the factors that made the

British move their war effort to the South

• Use a diagram to list the difficulties Americans faced in the early years of the war.

• Share the contributions of key characters involved in the war.

• Relate to Johnny Tremain when read in English

Chapter 8 Confederation to Constitution




- Indicator (04): Explain the results of important developments of the American Revolution 6-8 History Benchmark F: Explain the political and economic challenges faced by the United States after the Revolutionary War and the actions that resulted in the adoption of the United States Constitution.

- Indicator (05): Explain major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic under the Articles of Confederation.

- Indicator (06): Explain the challenges in writing and ratifying the United States Constitution.

- Indicator (07): Describe the actions taken to build one country from 13 states. - Indicator (08): Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United states

Including: N.W. Ordinance. 6-8 Economics Benchmark C. Identify connections between government policies and the

economy. - Indicator (04): Explain how lack of power to regulate the economy contributed to the

demise of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the United States Constitution.

6-8 Geography Benchmark B. Define and identify regions using human and physical characteristics. - Indicator (01): Compare places and regions in the U.S. as they existed prior to 1877 with

the same places and regions today to analyze changes in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics.

6-8 Geography Benchmark D: Explain reasons that people, products and ideas move from place to place and the effects of that movement on geographic patterns.

- Indicator (03): Explain how colonization, westward expansion, immigration and advances in transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States.

6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.


6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.

- Indicator (03): Explain how events and issues demonstrated the need for a stronger form of governance in the early years of the U.S.

- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. - Indicator (07): Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and

procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States. 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group.


KNOW • How national security is maintained. • What is involved in trying to create a stable

economic system. • How the colonies (states) dealt with war

debts and the problems created by them. • The problems, which occurred in trying to

collect revenue. • Government under the Articles of

Confederation • Understand how lack of power to regulate

the economy contributed to the demise of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the United States Constitution

• The issues related to the authority of the central government that had to be dealt with during the Constitutional Convention.

• The issues that were debated during the convention that result in compromises (i.e., the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise and the compromise over the slave trade) .

• What was involved in the debates between the Federalist and Anti-Federalists.

• Why there was a debate over a Bill of Rights.

• How the Northwest Ordinance provided for statehood in specific provisions.

DO • Describe the limitations of the State

Constitutions. • Complete a web that lists the different

challenges Americans faced in shaping the new government.

• Be able to state why you would have or would not have supported the Articles of Confederation and why.

• Compare and contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.

• Explain the main components of the Great Compromise and The Three-Fifths Compromise.

• Compare and contrast the Federalists and the Antifederalists.

• List solutions to problems with Economics, Politics, Foreign Affairs and Relations with Native Americans and the consequences of these actions.

• Explain how lack of power to regulate the economy contributed to the demise of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the United States Constitution

• Describe the historical impact of the North West Ordinance on the development self government

The Constitution Handbook Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.

- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. - Indicator (05): Explain how the United States Constitution protects the rights of

citizens, regulates the use of territory, manages conflict and establishes order and security.

- Indicator (06): Explain how specific provisions of the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, limit the powers of government in order to protect the rights of individuals.

- Indicator (08): Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law. 6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that

influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today. - Indicator (04): Show connections between the rights and the responsibilities of

citizenship. 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark C.: Present a position and support it with evidence and citation of sources.

- Indicator (02): Construct a historical narrative using primary and secondary sources.

KNOW

• How the separation of powers is used to protect the people from a government gaining too much power.

• At least 5 ways in which checks and balances are used to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power.

• What protections are provided in the Bill of Rights.

• That the Bill of Rights was created to protect the people from the national government.

• How the protections of the bill of rights have been expanded to protect the people from the state governments.

• How the legislative branch was designed in Article 1 of the Constitution.

• How the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition are protected in the First Amendment.

• How and why the accused are protected

by the right to trial by jury and the right to counsel.

• What is meant by the concepts of due process and equal protection of the laws.

• How the Northwest Ordinance provided for statehood in specific provisions.

• How a bill becomes a law at the national level.

DO • Create a Venn diagram showing how the

powers are divided under Federalism, Checks and Balances and Separation of Power.

• Group debate over local issues such as curfew.

• Discuss Judicial Review. • Apply the Bill Of Rights to specific

situations. • Make a graphic Organizer of How A Bill

Becomes a Law.

• Voting and staying informed on issues

• Serving on Juries

• Having and respecting the rights of others.

Chapter 9 Launching a New Republic

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark F: Explain the political and economic challenges faced by the United States after the Revolutionary War and the actions that resulted in the adoption of the United States Constitution.

- Indicator (07): Describe the actions taken to build one country from 13 states. 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.


6-8 Economics Benchmark C. Identify connections between government policies and the economy. - Indicator (05): Explain how governmental protection of property rights and regulation of

economic activity impacted the development of the United States economy. 6-8 Government Benchmark A: Explain why people institute governments, how they influence governments and how governments interact with each other.

- Indicator (02): Explain how political parties developed as a result of attempts to resolve issues in the early years of the United States.





- Indicator (02): Construct a historical narrative using primary and secondary sources. 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group.


KNOW • The precedents established by George

Washington, including the cabinet and a two-term presidency.

• How Alexander Hamilton’s actions to create a financially strong country, including the creation of a national bank affected the new nation. • The fundamental powers of taxation of

our government. • The effects of governmental fiscal

policy. • The importance of strong and sound

economic system. • The names and functions of national

economic policy makers. • The importance and significance of the

economic impact of major historical events.

• What problems were involved in the payment of debt from the Revolutionary War.

• What was involved in the establishment of a national bank.

• What is meant by “strict” or “loose” interpretation of the Constitution.

• How the support for England or France impacted the development of early political parties.

• What issues were involved in the establishment of an independent federal court system.

DO

• List some of the ways that George Washington set the standard for those presidents who would follow him.

• Explain how different interpretations of the Constitution led to the development of political parties.

• Give a definition of a strict and loose interpretation of the Constitution who followed each interpretation

• Describe the importance of the cabinet

• Discuss the impact of the French Revolution on America

• Explain the issues concerning the National Bank

• Discuss the purpose of a bank and how it works.

• Compare and contrast the ideas of Jefferson/Madison and Hamilton as to how they led to political parties.

• Understand and describe what happens historically to countries with weak or ineffective economic systems.

Chapter 10 The Jefferson Era

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark A. Interpret relationships between events shown on multiple-tier time lines

- Indicator (01): Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships among events.

6-8 History Benchmark F: Explain the political and economic challenges faced by the United States after the Revolutionary War and the actions that resulted in the adoption of the United States Constitution.

- Indicator (07): Describe the actions taken to build one country from 13 states. - Indicator (08): Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United states

Including: N.W. Ordinance, Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.

- Indicator (06): Explain how specific provisions of the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, limit the powers of government in order to protect the rights of individuals.







6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today. - Indicator (03): Evaluate the role of historical figures and political bodies in furthering

and restricting the rights of individuals.

KNOW

• Thomas Jefferson’s achievements and

philosophy of government • The significance of Marbury Vs. Madison

decision in establishing the practice of judicial review.

• The issues related to the Louisiana

Purchase and how it affected the new nation.

• The effect of the Louisiana Purchase on

the Native Americans • The influence of War Hawks • Know the events leading up to the War of

1812 and the outcomes of the war • Battles of the War of 1812 • The importance of Tecumseh’s attempts to

unify Native American tribes • Star-Spangled Banner

-

DO

- Analyze the significance of Marbury Vs. Madison decision in establishing the practice of judicial review.

- Thomas Jefferson’s achievements and

philosophy of government

- Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United states due to the Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition

- Explain the concept of Judicial review

- Explain The influence of War Hawks

- Analyze how contact between white

settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.

- Describe the major battles of the war

of 1812

- Relate the significance of the Star-Spangled Banner

- Explain Tecumseh’s reasons for

unification

Chapter 11 (P.337 and Section 3 only)

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark G: Analyze the causes and consequences of the American Civil War.

- Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War with emphasis on the addition of new states



- Indicator (04): Analyze the economic, geographic, religious and political factors that contributed to enslavement and resistance to slavery of Africans.

6-8 People in Societies Benchmark C: Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government.

- Indicator (06): Explain how the diverse peoples of the U.S. developed a common national identity



6-8 Geography Benchmark C: Explain how the environment influences the way people live in - Indicator (#2): Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced

population distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.

KNOW

• Nat Turner and slave rebellions • Efforts to make the United States self-

sufficient • Growth of national unity • What caused sectional tensions and the

compromises that lessened them • What the Monroe Doctrine and Missouri

Compromise were, and why they were issued.

• Era of good feelings -

DO

• List the effects and consequences of the slave rebellions.

• Describe efforts to make the United States self-sufficient.

• Explain the growth of national unity. • Analyze what caused sectional tensions and

the compromises that lessened them. • Describe the importance of Monroe

Doctrine and Missouri Compromise were, and why they were issued.

• Tell why Monroe’s administration was called the Era of good feelings.

• Be able to label on a map the areas of free and slave states based on the Missouri Compromise -

Chapter 12 The Age of Jackson



among events. 6-8 History Benchmark G: Analyze the causes and consequences of the American Civil War.

- Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War 6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development of productive

resources affect economic decisions and global interactions. - Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced

historic events such as the Civil War. 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.



economic activity impacted the development of the United States economy. 6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark A: Show the relationship between civic participation and attainment of civic and public goals.

- Indicator 02): Explain how the opportunities for civic participation expanded during the first half of the 19th century.


and restricting the rights of individuals. - Indicator (04): Show connections between the rights and the responsibilities of

citizenship. 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.

- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. - Indicator (05): Explain how the United States Constitution protects the rights of

citizens, regulates the use of territory, manages conflict and establishes order and security.

6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict. stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and discrimination.




KNOW • Importance of the 1824 election • Jackson Known as “the peoples president”. • Spoils system • What is meant by the term Jacksonian

Democracy. • How the opportunities for civic

participation expanded during the first half of the 19th century • What is meant by stereotyping and

prejudice. • The affects of stereotyping and

prejudice. • What the harmful effects racism and

discrimination are. • What can cause institutionalized racism

and institutionalized discrimination. • The importance and significance of the

economic impact of major historical events.

• How contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.

• Jackson and his role in Indian removal • Issues concerning state rights • Economic situation during Jacksonian

period -

DO - Explain the importance of the 1824

election. - Why was Jackson known as “the peoples

president”. - Describe why the Spoils System was

such a big deal with Jackson - Explain what is meant by the term

Jacksonian Democracy. - Explain how the opportunities for civic

participation expanded and helped get Jackson elected

- Analyze how contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.

- Explain Why Jackson removed the Indians

- Analyze the Issues concerning the debate over state rights

- Explain the fall of the National Bank and the consequences

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny




- Indicator (08): Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United states Including: N.W. Ordinance, Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition, Westward Movement (Manifest Destiny), Texas War for Independence and Mexican-American War.

- Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War - .


- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.





6-8 Geography Benchmark C: Explain how the environment influences the way people live in different places and the consequences of modifying the environment.

- Indicator (#2): Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.



KNOW

- How the concept of religious freedom has evolved in the United States.

- - Territorial expansion of the United

states including Westward Movement (Manifest Destiny), Texas War for Independence and Mexican-American War

- The Alamo

- Origins of Manifest Destiny

- Life on the trails and in the camps

- Why People went West

- Major characters involved in westward expansion.

- California Gold Rush

- Economic factors of Manifest Destiny

- How, westward expansion, immigration

and advances in transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States.

- how physical characteristics of the

environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.

- Diversity involved in the California Gold

Rush

DO - Identify the hardships faced by

pioneers in settling the Great Plains and list the solutions/adaptations arrived at by the settlers.

- Describe and analyze the territorial

expansion of the United states Including: Westward Movement (Manifest Destiny), Texas War for Independence and Mexican-American War

- Explain how Texas became it’s own

country.

- Describe the significance of the Alamo

- Describe how and why the Mexican war began.

- Explain who prospered economically from Manifest Destiny.

- Define Manifest Destiny.

- Explain how colonization, westward

expansion, immigration and advances in transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States.

- List the key player and their

accomplishments toward westward expansion.

- Discuss the wide range of diversity

involved in the California Gold Rush.

Chapter 14 (Section 4 only)

Benchmarks and Indicators covered in this chapter: 6-8 History Benchmark G: Analyze the causes and consequences of the American Civil War.

- Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War with emphasis on the abolitionist movement.


- Indicator (05): Explain how the United States Constitution protects the rights of citizens, regulates the use of territory, manages conflict and establishes order and security.


- Indicator (05): Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights.



6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that - Indicator (03): Evaluate the role of historical figures and political bodies in furthering

and restricting the rights of individuals. - Indicator (04): Show connections between the rights and the responsibilities of

citizenship.

KNOW

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s role in the advancement of women’s rights.

• Fredrick Douglas, Harriet Tubman and the abolitionist movement

• Abolitionist movement • Underground railroad • Women’s Rights • The historical limitations on

participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights

DO • Explain the significance of the

underground railroad • Evaluate the results of women’s right • Identify the important early leaders in

the fight for women’s rights • Explain how the United States

Constitution protects the rights of citizens

• Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights

Chapter 15 The Nation Breaking Apart




- Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War. 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.





6-8 Geography Benchmark C: Explain how the environment influences the way people live in different places and the consequences of modifying the environment.

- Indicator (#2): Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.

6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development of productive resources affect economic decisions and global interactions. - Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced

historic events such as the Civil War. 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence.







- Indicator (03): Write a position paper or give an oral presentation that includes citation of sources.

6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group. - Indicator (04): Organize and Lead a discussion.

KNOW

- Role of Slavery - States’ Rights - The different economies of the North

and South - The abolitionist movement and roles of

Frederick Douglas and John Brown - The extension of slavery into the

territories, including the Dred Scott Decision and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

- The addition of new states to the Union and their impact on the balance of power in the Senate, including the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850

- The emergence of Abraham Lincoln as a national figure in the Lincoln-Douglas debates, the presidential election of 1860 and the South’s secession

- Impact of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry

- How the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War.

- The relationship between cotton and the

demand for labor and slavery. - Understand how the south was

dependent on agriculture.

DO - List three causes of the Civil War - Identify slave, border and free states - Compare and contrast economies of the

North and South, (agrarian and industrial)

- Examine the roles of abolitionists, abolition movements and its key figures

- Explain theory of states’ rights - Explain why northern industry and

transportation made the Union better prepared to wage war

- Identify how Dred Scott decision and the Kansas-Nebraska Act provided for extension of slavery in each territory

- Analyze how the Dred Scott decision impacted the impending Civil War

- Chart the political career of Lincoln, 1840-1860

- Evaluate the impact of John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry

- Identify the role of black Americans in the Civil War

- Describe the failure of the Compromise of 1850 in saving the Union

- Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War.

Chapter 16 The Civil War Begins




- Indicator (10): Explain the Course and consequences of the Civil War 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.





6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development of productive resources affect economic decisions and global interactions. - Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced

historic events such as the Civil War. 6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark A: Show the relationship between civic participation and attainment of civic and public goals.






KNOW

- Contributions of Abraham Lincoln,

Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis

- Basic strategies of each side of the Civil War

- Strengths and weaknesses of each side - Army life - Who joined each side and why - Results of important battles such as

Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Shiloh, New Orleans, Antietam

DO

- Identify Contributions of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis

- Analyze basic strategies of each side of the Civil War

- Explain the basic strategies of each side of the Civil War

- Explain how the outcome of different major battles effected the war.

- Summarize hardships of army life - Tell who joined each side and why

- Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War. -

Chapter 17 The Tide Of War Turns




- Indicator (10): Explain the Course and consequences of the Civil War - Indicator (11): Analyze the consequences of Reconstruction


- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. - Indicator (06): Explain how specific provisions of the United States Constitution,

including the Bill of Rights, limit the powers of government in order to protect the rights of individuals.



6-8 Geography Benchmark C: Explain how the environment influences the way people live in different places and the consequences of modifying the environment. Indicator (#2): Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population

distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.



6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development of productive resources affect economic decisions and global interactions.

- Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War.


and restricting the rights of individuals.


- Indicator (02): Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and discrimination

- .Indicator (05): Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights.



KNOW

- The Emancipation Proclamation - - Resistance and rebellion of slaves - How to place events in sequential order

dates and events pertinent to world and U.S. History.

- Women in the war effort - Prison camp life - The Battle of Gettysburg - Importance of the Battle of Gettysburg - Gettysburg Address - Importance of Vicksburg - Sherman’s march to the sea - Surrender at Appomattox - Economic effects of the war - Emotional and physical effects of the

war - Lincoln’s Assassination - Amendment 13

DO

- Identify the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation

- Describe the role of the African- American Soldier

- Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War.

- Construct a multiple-tier timeline. - Interpret cause and effect

relationships of events. • Construct a multiple-tier timeline. • Interpret cause and effect

relationships of events. - Identify the economic effects of the

war - Describe how women aided the war

effort. - Evaluate the conditions of prison camps. - Explain how the outcome of different

major battles effected the war. - Analyze the economic, physical, and

emotional cost of the war. - Describe the events leading up to

Lincoln’s Assassination. - Explain the significance of the 13th

Amendment.

Chapter 18 Reconstruction




- Indicator (11): Analyze the consequences of Reconstruction 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy.

- Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. - Indicator (06): Explain how specific provisions of the United States Constitution,

including the Bill of Rights, limit the powers of government in order to protect the rights of individuals.





6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development of productive resources affect economic decisions and global interactions.

- Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War.


economic activity impacted the development of the United States economy. 6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify historical origins that influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today.

- Indicator (03): Evaluate the role of historical figures and political bodies in furthering and restricting the rights of individuals.


- Indicator (02): Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and discrimination




KNOW

- What was Reconstruction - Struggle for control of Reconstruction. - Civil Rights Act - Impeachment of President Andrew

Johnson - Amendment 14 & 15 - Response of African Americans to

freedom - Development of the Ku Klux Klan - Land reform, contract systems and

Share cropping - Enhancement of Black Codes. - Grant’s Administration - End of reconstruction

DO

- Describe why Reconstruction was needed and evaluate it’s effects

- Describe the development of and the goals and tactics of the KKK

- Explain the significance of the Civil Rights Act

• Understand and chart the significance and struggles in ratification of the Amendments 13, 14 and 15. - Evaluate programs put into place to

assist African Americans - Describe Grant’s Administration - Identify how reconstruction influenced

the rights U.S. citizens have today. -

8th Grade History Benchmarks and Indicators

6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark A: Show the relationship between civic participation and attainment of civic and public goals. TOPIC/UNIT: Participation Indicator (01): Show the relationship between participating in civic and political life and the attainment of individual and public goals. Indicator 02): Explain how the opportunities for civic participation expanded during the first half of the 19th century. 6-8 Citizenship Rights and Responsibility Benchmark B. Identify

historical origins that influenced the rights U.S. citizens have today. TOPIC/UNIT: Rights and Responsibilities Indicator (03): Evaluate the role of historical figures and political bodies in furthering and restricting the rights of individuals. Indicator (04): Show connections between the rights and the responsibilities of citizenship. 6-8 Economics Benchmark A. Explain how the endowment and development

of productive resources affect economic decisions and global interactions.

TOPIC/UNIT: Scarcity and Resource Allocation Indicator (01): Explain how the uneven distribution of productive resources influenced historic events such as the Civil War. 6-8 Economics Benchmark B: Explain why trade occurs and how historical patterns of trade have contributed to global independence. TOPIC/UNIT: Markets Indicator (02): Discuss how mercantilism and the establishment of colonies led to increased global trading during the 17th and 18th centuries. Indicator (03): Explain the purpose and effects of trade barriers such as tariffs enacted before the Civil War.

6-8 Economics Benchmark C. Identify connections between government policies and the economy.

TOPIC/UNIT: Economics Indicator (04): Explain how lack of power to regulate the economy contributed to the demise of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of the United States Constitution. Indicator (05): Explain how governmental protection of property rights and regulation of economic activity impacted the development of the United States economy. 6-8 Geography Benchmark B. Define and identify regions using human and

physical characteristics. TOPIC/UNIT: Places and Regions Indicator (01): Compare places and regions in the U.S. as they existed prior to 1877 with the same places and regions today to analyze changes in land use and population, political, social and economic characteristics. 6-8 Geography Benchmark C: Explain how the environment influences the way people live in different places and the consequences of modifying the environment. TOPIC/UNIT: Human Environmental Interaction Indicator (#2): Analyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution, settlement patterns and economic activities in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries. 6-8 Geography Benchmark D: Explain reasons that people, products and ideas move from place to place and the effects of that movement on geographic patterns. TOPIC/UNIT: Movement Indicator (03): Explain how colonization, westward expansion, immigration and advances in transportation and communication changed geographic patterns in the United States.

6-8 Government Benchmark A: Explain why people institute governments, how they influence governments and how governments interact with each other. TOPIC/UNIT: Role of Government Indicator (01): Analyze the principles of self-government and natural rights expressed in the Declaration of Independence and their relationship to Enlightenment ideas. Indicator (02): Explain how political parties developed as a result of attempts to resolve issues in the early years of the United States. 6-8 Government Benchmark B: Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, and the Northwest Ordinance have provided for the protection of rights and the long-term future of a growing democracy. TOPIC/UNIT: Rules and Laws Indicator (03): Explain how events and issues demonstrated the need for a stronger form of governance in the early years of the U.S. Indicator (04): Explain the political concepts expressed the United States Constitution. Indicator (05): Explain how the United States Constitution protects the rights of citizens, regulates the use of territory, manages conflict and establishes order and security. Indicator (06): Explain how specific provisions of the United States Constitution, including the Bill of Rights, limit the powers of government in order to protect the rights of individuals. Indicator (07): Explain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States. Indicator (08): Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law. 6-8 History Benchmark A. Interpret relationships between events shown on multiple-tier time lines TOPIC/UNIT: Chronology Indicator (01): Select events and construct a multiple-tier time line to show relationships among events.

6-8 History Benchmark D: Describe the effects of interactions among civilizations during the 14th through the 18th centuries. TOPIC/UNIT: History/1st Global Age Indicator (02): Describe the political, religious and economic aspects of North American colonization. 6-8 History Benchmark E: Explain the causes and consequences of the American Revolution, with emphasis on both Colonial and British perspectives. TOPIC/UNIT: Revolution Indicator (03): Identify and explain the sources of conflict which led to the American Revolution, with emphasis on the perspectives of the Patriots, Loyalists, neutral colonists and the British. Indicator (04): Explain the results of important developments of the American Revolution. 6-8 History Benchmark F: Explain the political and economic challenges faced by the United States after the Revolutionary War and the actions that resulted in the adoption of the United States Constitution. TOPIC/UNIT: A New Nation Indicator (05): Explain major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic under the Articles of Confederation. Indicator (06): Explain the challenges in writing and ratifying the United States Constitution. Indicator (07): Describe the actions taken to build one country from 13 states. 6-8 History Benchmark G: Analyze the causes and consequences of the American Civil War. TOPIC/UNIT: Civil War and Reconstruction Indicator (08): Describe and analyze the territorial expansion of the United states Including: N.W. Ordinance, Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition, Westward Movement (Manifest Destiny), Texas War for Independence and Mexican-American War. Indicator (09): Explain causes of the Civil War Indicator (10): Explain the Course and consequences of the Civil War Indicator (11): Analyze the consequences of Reconstruction

6-8 People in Societies Benchmark B: Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict. TOPIC/UNIT: Interaction Indicator (01): Trace the development of religious diversity in the colonies, and analyze how the concept of religious freedom has evolved in the United States. Indicator (02): Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and discrimination. Indicator (03): Analyze how contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal. Indicator (04): Analyze the economic, geographic, religious and political factors that contributed to enslavement and resistance to slavery of Africans. Indicator (05): Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights. 6-8 People in Societies Benchmark C: Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government. TOPIC/UNIT: Diffusion Indicator (06): Explain how the diverse peoples of the U.S. developed a common national identity. 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark A: Analyze different perspectives on the topic obtained from a variety of sources. TOPIC/UNIT: Obtaining Information Indicator 01): Compare accuracy and point of view of fiction and non-fiction sources about a particular era or event. 6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark C.: Present a position and support it with evidence and citation of sources. TOPIC/UNIT: Communication Information. Indicator (02): Construct a historical narrative using primary and secondary sources. Indicator (03): Write a position paper or give an oral presentation that includes citation of sources.

6-8 Social Studies Skills and Methods Benchmark D: Work effectively in a group. TOPIC/UNIT: Problem Solving Indicator (04): Organize and Lead a discussion. Indicator (05): Identify ways to manage conflict within a group.

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