7 quarterly progress report october...

U P L A N D S I R R I G A T I O N A N D W A T E R R E S O U R C E S M A N A G E M E N T S E C T O R

P R O J E C T , C A M B O D I A ( A D B L O A N 3 2 8 9 - C A M ) :

P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T A N D I M P L E M E N T A T I O N C O N S U L T A N T

7TH QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT

October 2017

September 2016

UPLANDS IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT (UIWRMSP), CAMBODIA (ADB LOAN 3289-CAM): PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSULTANTS

7th QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT October 2017

IN ASSOCIATION WITH

PACIFIC RIM INNOVATION AND

MANAGEMENT EXPONENTS, INC., PHILIPPINES

REVISION HISTORY

Revision No. Date Comments Authorization

Originated by Checked by Approved by

UIWRMSP-01 19/10/2017 Editing/ formatting

Ouk Daren Abdul Hakeem Khan

UIWRMSP-02 23/10/2017 Final review and edits

Abdul Hakeem Khan Jo Ann Ativo

UIWRMSP-03 24/10/2017 Reformatting Jo Ann Ativo

UIWRMSP-03 26/10/2017 Final review Leo Pura Elvira Ablaza Elvira Ablaza

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page i

UPLANDS IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

SECTOR PROJECT, CAMBODIA (ADB LOAN 3289-CAM): PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSULTANT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Table .............................................................................................................................................. i List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. i List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................iii

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS ........................................ 1

II. PROJECT PURPOSE ........................................................................................................ 2

III. UTILIZATION OF FUNDS .................................................................................................. 2

IV. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS ...................................................................................... 4

A. Output 1: Enhanced Efficiency and Climate Resilience of Irrigation Systems ......... 5 B. Output 2: Improved Water Resource Management ................................................. 7 C. Project Management .............................................................................................. 8

V. ISSUES AND ACTIONS TAKEN ..................................................................................... 11

A. Actions Taken on Issues Reported in QPR6, 2017 ............................................... 11 B. Current Issues and Actions Taken ........................................................................ 11

VI. ACTIVITIES IN THE NEXT QUARTER ............................................................................ 11

TABLE

Number Title Page

1 List of AWSs and AHSs .......................................................................................... 9

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Title Page

1 Map of Automatic Weather Station Locations ....................................................... 10 2 Map of Hydroment Station Locations .................................................................... 10

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii



LIST OF APPENDICES

Number Title

1 Project Location Map 2 Design and Monitoring Framework (DMF) 3 List of Awarded Contracts 4 Summary of Disbursements 5 Summary of Expenditures 6 Project Implementation Progress 7 Monitoring/Reporting Form for the Status of Compliance with Loan Covenants 8 Monitoring/Reporting Form for Progress in GAP Implementation 9 Contract Administration Monitor, Taing Krasaing Scheme (CW01, CW03, and CW04) 10 Contract Administration Monitor, Prek Chik Distribution System (CW07 and CW08) 11 Progress of FWUC Formation and Development 12 Interim Report on JOROP of TK and Stung Chinit 13 Quarterly Environment Progress Report 14 Summary of Consultants’ Mobilization

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page iii



LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler AH affected household AHS automatic hydromet station AWS automatic weather station BER bid evaluation report BOQ bill of quantities CADTIS Cambodians’ Action for Development Consultant Co. Ltd. ch. Chainage CS construction supervision CW civil works DD detailed design EA executing agency EIC environmental impact categorization EMP Environmental Management Plan EOI expression of interest F&P framework and procedure FGD focus group discussion FS feasibility study FWUC farmer water user community GAP gender action plan ha hectare IA implementing agency IEE initial environmental examination IPC Interim Payment Certificate IR involuntary resettlement JOROP joint reservoir operation JV joint venture km kilometer m meter MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries mc main canal MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology NGO nongovernmental organization O&M operation and maintenance OCG Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. OKN O Kra Nhak p-m person-month PAM Project Administration Manual PC Prek Chik PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PMIC project management and implementation consultant PMU project management unit PPMS project performance management system PRC Procurement Review Committee PRIMEX Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. Q3 third quarter QPR2 Second Quarterly Progress Report QPR3 Third Quarterly Progress Report QPR7 Seventh Quarterly Progress Report RGC Royal Government of Cambodia SC secondary canal

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page iv



SDR Special Drawing Rights TC tertiary canal TK Taing Krasaing TNA training needs assessment TOT training of trainers UIWRMSP Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project VAT value-added tax VO variation order

SEVENTH QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT Page 1



I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

1. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC), through the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM), has received a loan from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the implementation of the Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project (UIWRMSP) (ADB Loan 3289-CAM). The project will enhance agriculture and rural economic productivity through increased efficiency and climate resiliency of irrigation systems and improved management of water resources in the upland areas of Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. The total project cost is about US$ 66.12 million financed through an ADB loan of US$60 million1

equivalent from Special Drawing Rights (SDR) 43,121,0002 and government counterpart of about US$6.12 million. The location of the project area and targeted irrigation systems is in Appendix 1.

2. To provide the required project management and implementation consultants (PMICs) services to MOWRAM, project management unit (PMU), and the Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology (PDWRAMs) of Kampong Thom and Battambang, MOWRAM engaged the services of Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX), Philippines in Joint Venture (JV) with Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd (OCG), Japan in association with Cambodians’ Action for Development Consultant Co. Ltd. (CADTIS), Cambodia through a contract signed on 29 January 2016. The team of consultants was mobilized on 15 February 2016.

3. As of 30 September 2017, the contracts awarded amounted to US$42.73 million (or 64.60% of the loan amount), while a cumulative expenditure of US$20.42 million (about 99% of total disbursement) was incurred. The advance payment to the contractors is not considered as expenditure. Six out of seven contracts (CW02 was officially dropped) have been awarded, where the physical progress of works stand at about 52%, while the time elapsed from the effective date is 30.2%. Most of the project works are ahead of their scheduled targets.

4. The contract for Taing Krasaing (CW-01) is 88% complete, Chroab (CW-03) is 62% complete, and the Korkoah distribution system (CW-04) is 77% done. The detailed design of Tipou distribution system (CW-02) and consultations with farmers and community leaders was completed, but majority of the community members did not agree to contribute land to the project. Thus, it was recommended that the resettlement category of CW-02 be changed from B to A. PMU-MOWRAM and ADB approved the recommendation, and CW02 (Tipou subproject) was officially dropped. Prek Chik main canal (CW-06) was completed in August, and the defects liability period will last until August 2018. PC Package 1 (CW07) is 12% complete, and PC Package 2 (CW08) is 22% complete. The revised feasibility study report of O Kra Nhak (OKN) was completed, and a National Economist was recruited to develop the economic section of the report. Bidding documents of CW05 have been prepared and submitted to PMU and the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) for review and approval. The Joint Reservoir Operation (JOROP) Study: Interim Report on Taing Krasaing (TK) and Stung Chinit has been prepared and submitted to PMU. PMIC and the team from MOWRAM’s Farmer Water User Community (FWUC) Department team has been visiting the target villages and communes to disseminate the process of FWUC formation.

5. An ADB Review Mission3 visited the project from 17-25 July 2017. The mission started with a meeting on the progress of all the activities in Phnom Penh, followed by field visits to Battambang and Kampong Thum provinces. They visited all the awarded projects, had meetings with the concerned contractors, visited an ongoing FWUC training, and met with water users. The wrap-up meeting was held on 25 July 2017 in Phnom Penh, with the Mission concluding that, “The

1 ADB. 2015. Project Administration Manual (PAM). Kingdom of Cambodia: Upland Irrigation and Water Resources

Management Sector Project. September 2015. 2 Loan Agreement between ADB and the Royal Government of Cambodia, Upland Irrigation and Water Resources

Management Sector Project, 10 November 2015. 3 The Mission comprised P. Long, Sr. Project Officer/Mission Leader; S. Ouk, Sr. Safeguards Officer; S. Sokunthea, Sr.

Procurement Officer; C. Chandy, Sr. Social Dev. Officer, T. Lun, Associate Project Analyst and S. Chanthy, Consultant.




implementation progress of the project has been highly satisfactory. The executing agency (EA), implementing agencies (IAs), as well as the consultants shall continue to monitor the quality of construction works, expedite FWUC trainings, prepare the contract variations proposed during the mission. The next mission will be tentatively scheduled in December 2017. The Mission expressed its appreciation to officials of MOWRAM, MEF and Project consultants and contractors for their valuable assistance and excellent cooperation extended to the Mission.”

6. This seventh quarterly progress report (QPR7) covers the period, July to September 2017. It provides a summary of accomplishments during the reporting period, identifies issues and concerns, recommends the actions required, and lists the activities to be carried out in the next quarter.

II. PROJECT PURPOSE

7. The project supports the government’s strategy to enhance economic growth in the project area through the rehabilitation, modernization, and climate proofing of selected existing irrigation systems in the provinces of Battambang and Kampong Thom. The outcome of the project is enhanced water and agriculture productivity in the project provinces. The project outputs are: (i) enhanced efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems; and (ii) improved management of water resources.

8. Output 1: Enhanced efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems consists of the rehabilitation, modernization, and climate proofing of at least three irrigation systems in the provinces of Kampong Thom and Battambang. The cultivated area of the systems is expected to increase to 29,500 hectares (ha) from a baseline of 13,500 ha. This output will include the rehabilitation and modernization of the TK and OKN irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and the PC irrigation system in Battambang. The physical improvement consists of the installation of pump systems and distribution channels, installation of structures and gauges for water measurement, control and distribution, construction of drainage facilities, and laser land levelling of about 2,000 ha.

9. Output 2: Improved water resource management includes the following key activities:

Formation and development of FWUCs;

Installation of hydro-meteorological (hydromet) stations in the watersheds and flow measurement networks in the irrigation systems;

Provision of training to staff of MOWRAM, PDWRAMs, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF), and FWUCs;

Modernization of canal operations;

Design and implementation of joint reservoir operation on linked systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces; and

Provision of training to FWUCs on the operation and maintenance (O&M) of canals, management of FWUCs, orientation on climate variability and change, and water management.

10. Appendix 2 presents the profile of the project results.

III. UTILIZATION OF FUNDS3

11. As of 30 September 2017, the contracts awarded by the PMU amounted to $42.73 million (Appendix 3), or 64.62% of the loan amount, as a result of the advance procurement carried out by the EA immediately upon approval of the loan. Payments under these contracts totalled $20.33 million, corresponding to 47.57% of the amount of contracts awarded so far.

12. The workbook for the summary of disbursements against the respective allocations from the loan and the RGC counterpart is presented in Appendix 4. As of 30 September 2017, $41,640

3 In this report, “$” refers to US Dollars.




(0.68%) has been disbursed from the RGC counterpart fund for incremental operating cost. A total of $20.60 million (34.34%) has been disbursed from the ADB loan for the following expenditures:

(i) Civil works ($16.52 million), including: Advance payment for CW01 ($1.05 million); First payment for CW01 ($2.06 million), CW06 ($0.52 million), CW03 ($0.26

million) and CW04 ($1.34 million); Second payment for CW01 ($1.35 million), CW06 ($1.04 million), CW03 ($0.22

million) and CW04 ($0.91 million); Third payment for CW01 ($0.30 million), CW06 ($0.36 million), CW03 ($0.33

million) and CW04 ($0.85 million); Fourth payment for CW01 ($0.32 million) and CW06 ($1.22 million); Fifth payment for CW01 ($0.37 million) and CW06 ($0.81 million); Sixth payment for CW01 ($2.53 million); and Seventh payment for CW01 ($0.67 million).

(ii) Hydromet equipment ($1.41 million), including: 10% of total contract and 80% of goods from overseas ($0.72 million); 70% payment for construction works and related services within the country

($0.48 million); VAT payment ($69,472); and 10% of the final payment of total contract ($0.14 million).

(iii) Office equipment, furniture, and vehicles ($1.15 million), including: Initial advance to imprest account ($0.29 million); Full payment for 10 vehicles ($0.46 million) and additional two vehicles ($79,800),

11 motorcycles ($18,612), and IT office equipment ($19,876); Office repair ($98,329); Office equipment (Lot 1- $5,360) and (Lot 2- $0.13 million); Office furniture ($52,600); Safe box ($280).

(iv) Consulting services (US$1.45 million), including: Initial advance to imprest account ($0.20 million);

1st payment for CS-01-PMIC for FebruaryApril 2016 ($0.16 million); 2nd payment for CS-01-PMIC for May 2016 ($87,941); 3rd payment for CS-01-PMIC for June 2016 ($96,407); 4th payment for CS-01-PMIC for July 2016 ($89,580); 5th payment for CS-01-PMIC for August-October 2016 ($259,588); 6th payment for CS-01-PMIC for November 2016 ($94,077); 7th payment for CS-01-PMIC for withholding taxes for February-October 2016

($95,575); 8th payment for CS-01-PMIC for withholding tax for November-December 2016

($23,560); 9th payment for CS-01-PMIC for withholding tax for January 2017 ($12,009); 11th payment for CS-01-PMIC for December 2016 ($95,477); 14th payment for January 2017 ($0.12 million); and 15th payment for February 2017 ($0.11 million).

(v) Incremental operation cost ($74,279), including: Initial advance to imprest account ($40,360); and

Payments for operating cost for AprilMay 2016 ($2,033), JuneDecember 2016

($10,656), JanuaryMarch 2017 ($11,043), and AprilJune 2017 ($10,186).




13. As shown in Appendix 5, a cumulative actual expenditure of $20.42 million (about 99% of total disbursement) has been incurred as of 30 September 2017, for the following:

(i) Civil works consisting of:

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th payments for CW01;

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th payments for CW06;

1st, 2nd, and 3rd payments for CW03; and

1st, 2nd, and 3rd payments for CW04;

(ii) Hydromet equipment including: 10% of total contract and 80% goods from abroad; 70% of construction works and related services within the country; Value-added tax (VAT) of the contract; and Final payment of the contract.

(iii) Office equipment, furniture, and vehicles, including:

Office repair, including 50% retention and the remaining 50% retention, office equipment (Lots 1 and 2), and office furniture;

Full payment for 10 vehicles and additional 2 vehicles, 11 motorcycles, and IT office equipment; and

Safe box;

(iv) Consulting services consisting of: Payments for CS-01-PMIC contract for February–December 2016; and January–

June 2017; and

Payments for CS-01-PMIC for withholding tax for FebruaryDecember 2016 and January–February 2017.

(v) Incremental operating cost for AprilDecember 2016 and January–September 2017.

14. The advance payment to the CW01 contractor ($1.05 million), which was directly paid by ADB, is not considered expenditure, and it has been recouped from the progress invoices/billings of the contractor since the second quarter of 2017. The disbursed fund balance of $0.22 million (1.05%) remains in the project’s imprest account.

IV. IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

15. The physical completion of the project is indicated as a percentage derived from the estimate of the weight contributed by each activity as a percentage of the total project, consistent with the S-curve concept. Appendix 6 shows the project activities and the assigned corresponding weights contributed by each activity towards the project as a whole. As of 30 September 2017, physical completion was estimated at 52%, while the time elapsed from effectiveness date was 30.2%. Progress under each project output during this reporting period is described in the following sections.

16. Appendix 7 gives the status of compliance with the loan covenants. Among 28 items in the list, four had been complied with, 21 are being complied with, and the remaining three are yet to be complied with, as of 30 September 2017. Appendix 8 presents the monitoring and reporting format for the gender action plan (GAP) prepared by the Gender Specialist. Activities for mainstreaming of gender development have also been laid out, and initial activities have already started. Replacement of the Gender Specialist, who resigned since Second Quarterly Progress Report (QPR2), is being processed.




A. Output 1: Enhanced Efficiency and Climate Resilience of Irrigation Systems

17. Appendix 9 presents the reported accomplishment against the plan of CW01, CW03, and CW04.

1. TK Subproject

18. TK main canal (MC) and headworks (MOWRAM-CW01). The civil works contract for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the MC and headworks was signed on 27 January 2016 with Ung Sim Sia and Xinjiang Beixin–JV Partners for a total amount of $10.52 million. The works include rehabilitation and improvement of the spillway, headworks structure, under-sluice gate structure, 18.5 kilometers (km) of MC, and existing MC structures. Concrete lining of the MC from chainage (ch.) 16+040 to 18+542 was also included. The contractor mobilized on 15 February 2016. Due to Variation Order (VO) Nos.1 and 3 to improve/construct the safety and integrity of embankment, spillway and structures, the final contract price increased to US$13,231,380 for an increase of US$2,710,112, equivalent to 25.76% of the original contract.

19. As of 30 September 2017, the reported accomplishment was 88% against the plan of 96%. The slow progress was due to frequent heavy rains and the unavailability of a dry borrow area. The shortfall is expected to be covered in the next quarter (Oct-Dec 2017). The total unskilled labor for the TK MC and headworks (CW01) comprises 114 persons, 32 (about 28%) of whom are female unskilled workers. To date, the contractor has submitted 4,953 test results for materials, as follows: (i) embankment/canal, 3,718 tests: 3,656 passed, 62 failed; (ii) concrete coarse aggregates, six tests, all passed; (iii) concrete fine aggregates, four tests, all passed; (iv) fresh and hardened concrete, 1,207 tests, all passed; (vi) concrete reinforcing steel bars, six tests, all passed; and (vii) laterite wearing course, 12 tests, all passed.

20. Chroab distribution system (MOWRAM-CW03). This distribution system was designed to serve 860 ha and consisted of a 2.67-km secondary canal, six tertiary canals with lengths ranging from 390–1,280 m for a total tertiary canal (TC) length of 4.25 km, and 132 structures. The civil works contract for the upgrading, modernization, and extension of the Chroab secondary and tertiary canals (SCs/TCs) of the TK irrigation system was signed with Seak Chheav Leng Enterprise Co., Ltd. on 27 December 2016 for a total amount of $1.94 million.

21. As of 30 September 2017, the reported accomplishment was 62% against the plan of 83%. The frequent rains, as well as the involuntary resettlement (IR) issue, were the main reasons for failing to achieve the target, but the gap is expected to be covered in the next quarter. The total unskilled labor complement for the Chroab distribution system consists of 47 persons, of whom 12 (about 26%) are female unskilled workers. To date, the contractor has submitted 554 test results for materials, as follows: (i) embankment/canal, 445 tests: 429 passed, 16 failed; (ii) laterite wearing course, 38 tests, 36 passed (iii) concrete coarse aggregates, 3 tests, all passed; (iv) concrete fine aggregates, 2 tests, all passed; (v) water for concrete, 3 tests, all passed; (vi) Cement, 2 testes, all passed; (vii) fresh and hardened concrete, 55 tests, all passed; and (viii) concrete reinforcing steel bars, 6 tests, all passed. Some new works, which were identified by local authorities and requested by the communes, are being designed for inclusion in a VO.

22. Korkoah distribution system (MOWRAM-CW04). The topographic survey, detailed design (DD), bill of quantities (BOQ), and cost estimates for this system were completed and approved in the third quarter (Q3) of 2016. The distribution system is designed to serve 2,120 ha and is composed of two SCs with a total length of 5.54 km, 16 TCs with lengths ranging from 200–500 meters (m) for a total TC length of 6.55 km, and 233 structures. The civil works contract for the upgrading, modernization, and extension of the Korkoah SCs and TCs of the TK irrigation system was signed with Seak Chheav Leng Enterprise Co., Ltd. on 27 December 2016 for a total amount of $5.88 million.

23. As of 30 September 2017, the reported accomplishment was 77% against the plan of 71%. The total unskilled labor complement for the Korkoah distribution system comprises 56 persons, of whom 15 (about 27%) are female unskilled workers. To date, the contractor has




submitted 1,501 test results for materials, as follows: (i) embankment/canal, 1,102 tests: 1,060 passed, 42 failed; (ii) laterite wearing course, 66 tests, 62 passed, 4 failed; (iii) concrete coarse aggregates, 3 tests, all passed; (iv) concrete fine aggregates, 2 tests, both passed; (v) water for concrete, 3 tests, all passed; (vi) cement, 2 tests, all passed; (vii) fresh and hardened concrete, 311 tests, 310 passed, 1 failed; and (viii) concrete reinforcing steel bars, 12 tests, all passed.

24. Tipou distribution system (MOWRAM-CW02). The topographic survey and DD for the system have been completed. The distribution system, designed to serve 2,055 ha, is composed of a 3.1-km intake canal; three SCs with a total length of 6.7 km; two TCs, each 500 m long for a total length of 1 km; and 101 structures. However, this system was officially dropped after several consultations with farmers and local authorities because 73% of affected households (AHs) did not agree to donate their land to the project.

2. PC Subproject

25. PC MC and headworks (MOWRAM-CW06). This civil works package was completed in August 2017, and the one-year defects liability period will end in August 2018. The final inspection report has been approved and the Turnover Certificate was issued to the contractor on 11 September 2017.

26. PC Package 1 (MOWRAM-CW07). The topographic survey, DD, BOQ, and cost estimates have been completed and approved. The distribution system, designed to serve 7,798 ha, is composed of three SCs with a total length of 21.7 km and 23 TCs with lengths ranging from 300–1,000 m for a total length of 11.7 km, as well as 394 structures. The civil works contract for the upgrading, modernization, and extension of SCs and TCs of the PC irrigation system (Package1-CW07) was signed with Anhui Shui’an Construction (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. and MTA Construction Co., Ltd. JV on 5 May 2017 for a total amount of $5.54 million.

27. As of 30 September 2017, the reported accomplishment was 12% against the plan of about 1%. The total unskilled labor complement for the distribution system comprises 25 persons, of whom two (8%) are female unskilled workers. To date, the contractor has submitted 220 test results for materials, as follows: (i) embankment/canal, 212 tests: all passed; (ii) laterite wearing course, 4 tests, all passed; (iii) concrete coarse aggregates, one tests, passed; (iv) concrete fine aggregates, one tests, passed; (iv) fresh and hardened concrete, 3 tests, all passed; and (v) concrete reinforcing steel bars, 2 tests, all passed.

28. PC Package 2 (MOWRAM-CW08). The topographic survey, DD, BOQ, and cost estimates have been approved by PMU and ADB. The distribution system, designed to serve 3,560 ha, is composed of an 8.50-km SC, 16 TCs with lengths ranging from 300–1,000 m for a total length of 15.90 km, and 453 structures. The civil works contract for the upgrading, modernization, and extension of SCs and TCs of the PC irrigation system (Package1-CW08) was signed with Soeun Soknan Construction Co., Ltd. on 20 July 2017 for a total amount of $4.36 million.

29. As of 30 September 2017, the reported accomplishment was 22% against the plan of about 4%. The total unskilled labor complement for the distribution system comprises 23 persons, of whom five (22%) are female unskilled workers. To date, the contractor has submitted 278 test results for materials, as follows: (i) embankment/canal, 274 tests: 272 passed, 2 failed; (ii) concrete coarse aggregates, one tests, passed; (iii) concrete fine aggregates, one tests, passed; and (iv) concrete reinforcing steel bars, 2 tests, all passed (see Appendix 10).

3. OKN Subproject

30. The topographic survey and preliminary design have been completed. The draft Feasibility Study (FS) Report was submitted on 30 November 2016 to PMU/ADB for review and approval. However, the ADB Loan Review Mission of December 2016 suggested that the economic analysis be revised to include an alternative scenario involving a 40% increase in reservoir capacity. For that purpose, it was necessary to engage a national Economist to conduct the economic analysis




of the subproject as there was no economist in the original PMIC line-up. As a requirement for the alternative analysis, a hydrological study was carried out by the international and national Hydrologist, which showed that a 40% increase in reservoir capacity is not possible. That being the case, the original bidding documents, which were prepared for this subproject based on the original feasibility study, were reviewed and approved by the MOWRAM Procurement Review Committee (PRC) and will be sent to ADB for review and approval.

B. Output 2: Improved Water Resource Management

31. FWUC formation and development. Due to the lack of interest of national consulting firms or nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to provide the required services, as indicated by the submission of only two expressions of interest (EOIs) after three advertisements, it was suggested by PMU that the formation and development of FWUCs be handled instead by the FWUC Department of MOWRAM with support from PMU and PMIC. This issue was, therefore, discussed at the PRC meeting held on 16 February 2017. The meeting suggested that a FWUC formation proposal be prepared and submitted to ADB for approval. The FWUC formation proposal was approved by ADB on 15 March 2017.

32. Training needs assessments (TNAs) were conducted among MOWRAM and PDWRAM staff in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. Training of trainers (TOT) for Module 1 (UIWRMSP Project Orientation) was conducted from 24-27 January 2017, and TOT for Module 2 (FWUC Organizational Building and Management) was held from 7-10 February 2017 in Kampong Thom province, with participants from MOWRAM and the PDWRAMs of Kampong Thom and Battambang. The TOT aimed to enable MOWRAM and PDWRAM trainers to train the FWUCs to undertake their work in an efficient and effective manner and handle FWUC development themselves.

33. As of 30 September 2017, the FWUC Department Team has organized meetings in 13 target villages and four communes to disseminate the process of FWUC formation. The meetings aim to: (i) make the participants aware of the supporting documents required for FWUC formation; (ii) inform the participants about the project and the scope of the irrigation services; (iii) ask the participants to help disseminate the information to the project beneficiaries and encourage them to participate in FWUC formation for the O&M of the irrigation system (Appendix 11).

34. Design and implementation of JOROP of linked systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces. Hydrographic surveys of TK and Stung Chinit reservoirs in Kampong Thom and Bassac and Dauntri reservoirs in Battambang have been completed, and the necessary data have been collected and analyzed. The conceptual design has already been prepared, and an Interim Report on the JOROP of TK and Stung Chinit reservoirs has been prepared and submitted to PMU for review and reference (Appendix12).

35. O&M study and tripartite agreement. The conceptual design of the O&M study was revised based on the comments of PMU and ADB. The proposal for the tripartite agreement among MOWRAM-PDWRAM, FWUCs, and private landowners for the operation of the TK irrigation system was prepared, submitted, and approved by PMU and ADB. The TK tripartite agreement will be used as the model for the tripartite agreement for PC and OKN. Furthermore, the O&M study will be conducted in two phases. The first O&M study for the project systems is scheduled to be undertaken in 2018, and the second O&M study for the whole country is scheduled to be carried out from 2018-2019.

36. Installation of hydromet stations in the watersheds and flow measurement networks in the irrigation systems. The contract for hydromet equipment (PMU-HME-01) was awarded to Sutron Corporation on 31 May 2016. The company has the obligation to supply, install, and commission hydromet stations and automatic weather stations (AWSs) as well as the equipment for discharge measurement, including on-site training for officers of MOWRAM and PDWRAM to enable them to use the equipment. The installation of 15 hydromets and 15 AWSs were completed




and reported in PMIC QPR3. Training has also been conducted in Kampong Thom, and malfunctioning equipment repaired or replaced.

C. Project Management

37. Involuntary resettlement (IR). An assessment of resettlement issues was conducted for CW01, CW02, CW03, CW04, CW05, CW06, CW07, and CW08. The result of the assessment indicated that there was no significant land acquisition in CW01, CW04, CW05, CW06, CW07, and CW08. Therefore, those were categorized as Category C. However, CW02 was categorized as Category A as most of AHs did not agree to donate their land to the project after several consultations with farmers and local authorities. As a result, CWO2 was officially dropped. CW03 was re-categorized from the initial Category B to Category C after 95% of the AHs (except 6 out of 124 AHs) agreed to donate their land to the project the design was revised to minimize IR impacts.

38. Environmental safeguards. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) for CW03, CW04, CW07, and CW08, as well as the checklists for monitoring EMP implementation in PC and TK schemes, were prepared by the national Environment Specialist, and the Environmental Impact Categorization (EIC) reports were approved by PMU and ADB. The EIC report for CW05 has been prepared and incorporated in the revised FS report and bidding documents, which are being reviewed by PRC. The initial environmental examination (IEE) report for PC and TK distribution systems has been updated and approved by PMU and ADB. The first and second six-monthly environmental monitoring reports (EMRs) have been submitted to PMU and ADB for review and approval. Field visits were conducted in September 2017 to train staff, monitor EMP implementation, and make recommendations to solve any environmental issues. The quarterly EMR is attached as Appendix 13.

39. Project performance management system (PPMS). The following reports were submitted to PMU and ADB in 2016: (i) PPMS Framework and Procedures (PPMS F&P) Report; (ii) first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth QPRs; (iii) first, second, and third six-monthly PPMS reports; and (iv) annual report. As of 30 September 2017, QPR7 was being prepared and is scheduled for submission to PMU and ADB in October 2017.

40. Financial management. The financial management system has been established and is functioning well, with corresponding forms developed for various PMU transactions. The ADB and RGC imprest accounts have also been set up.

41. As of 30 September 2017, the PC-CW06 contractor has submitted six Interim Payment Certificates (IPCs), of which five have been paid and the sixth is being processed. For Package 1-CW07, the contractor has requested for advance payment, which is under preparation. For TK-CW01, the contractor has submitted eight IPCs, seven of which have been paid and the remaining is being processed. The Chroab-CW03 contractor has submitted four IPCs, with three already paid and the remaining one being processed. The Korkoah-CW04 contractor has submitted four IPCs, of which three have been paid and the remaining one under processing. Six replenishments of the ADB imprest account have been requested, five paid and the sixth being processed. As for the RGC imprest account, four replenishments have been requested and all paid. Disbursements and payments are proceeding well, as described in Section III above.

42. Procurement. PMIC has been assisting PMU in the preparation of bid documents and bid invitations, organization of pre-bid meetings and bid opening, preparation of bid evaluation reports (BERs), including technical and price bid evaluation; contract agreement and signing; and other procurement-related activities.

43. As of 30 September 2017, six out of seven (CW02 dropped) civil works contracts have been awarded (CW01, CW06, CW03, CW04, CW07, and CW08), while CW05 is being processed – the bidding documents are being reviewed by PRC.




44. Project website. Data have been updated and uploaded on the project website (www.uplands-irrigation-mowram.gov.kh). The replacement of the web designer, who resigned, is ongoing.

45. Deployment of consultants. From July–September 2017, 17 consultants were mobilized (3 international and 14 national) for a total of 36.7 person-months (p-m). The cumulative consultant input to date is 300.9 p-m or 36.5% of the total contracted person-months (Appendix 14).

46. ADB conducted a review mission from 17-25 July 2017, with a field visit to the subproject sites in Battambang and Kampong Thom provinces. The objectives of the Mission were to: (i) review the progress made to date and identify key issues and actions to improve implementation along with recommendations for further actions; and (ii) review achievements against the design and monitoring framework (DMF) indicators and review project covenants. The kick-off meeting was held on 17 July 2017 with the participation of representatives from the EA/IAs, MEF, MAFF, and the PMIC. The Mission visited project sites from 17-19 July 2017 and held discussions with the concerned contractors, staff of PDWRAMs, PDAs, and water users. Different issues concerning additional works under different contracts, new works, and environmental safeguards were also discussed. The Mission agreed to a time extension for CW01 until the end of December 2017 due to delays caused by the frequent rains and the inclusion of additional works in VO 3.

47. Overall, the Mission was satisfied with the progress and quality of works, as expressed during the wrap-up meeting and in the Mission Aide Memoire. The Mission and PMU-MOWRAM agreed on certain follow-up actions, most of which have already been addressed, while others are being completed, as agreed. The Mission also asked for the list of AWSs and automatic hydro meteorological stations (AHS) installed by the project. The AWS records temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, evaporation, soil moisture and soil temperature, solar radiation, and sunshine hours, while the AHS records water level in the stream or canal and rainfall. Table 1 shows the list of AWSs and AHSs, and Figures 1 and 2 show the locations of these stations across the country.

Table 1: List of AWSs and AHSs

No. Automatic Weather Stations Automatic Hydromet Stations

1 Suntuk Sandan

2 Staung Khsach Chiros

3 Thalabariwat KampongChen

4 Rattanakiri TrapeangPring

5 Mondulkiri Tangkrasang

6 Kratie Kampongthmar

7 Tbong Khmum Pren

8 Svay Rieng KrongPreahVihear

9 S'ang-TeukVearl Choam Ksan

10 PhnomPenh-Khmuonh Kulaen-Takeuong

11 Baset Kampongkdei

12 Oral Kambaur-Speanboran

13 Koh Kong Samlot

14 Rolea B'ear-Kranglierve Kanghort

15 Phnom Proek Bak Prea

http://www.uplands-irrigation-mowram.gov.kh/




Figure 1: Map of Automatic Weather Station Locations

Figure 2: Map of Hydroment Station Locations




V. ISSUES AND ACTIONS TAKEN

A. Actions Taken on Issues Reported in QPR6, 2017

46. The suggestion for FWUC formation and capacity building to be handled by the FWUC Department of MOWRAM was approved by the PRC and ADB. Since then, the FWUC Department has formed a team responsible for FWUC formation and development. The team has organized meetings in 13 target villages and four communes to disseminate the process of FWUC formation and development.

B. Current Issues and Actions Taken

47. CW-05, OKN irrigation distribution system, has been delayed due to the revision of the FS report. The communities along CW-01, Taing Krasaing MC, have requested for more bridges and other structures, which will cause an increase in cost and extension of time. To meet the request, VO 3 has been prepared and approved by PMU and ADB. The additional works are ongoing, and the estimated completion date of TK-MC works has been extended to 31 December 2017.

VI. ACTIVITIES IN THE NEXT QUARTER

48. In Output 1, the following activities are planned for implementation in the next quarter:

Taing Krasaing Scheme

o CW01: Continue construction supervision (CS) and contract administration in TK MC

and headworks, and continue work on VO4; o Chroab (CW03):

Supervise the upgrading, modernization, and extension of the Chroab distribution system and prepare VO1; and

o Korkoah (CW04): Supervise the upgrading, modernization, and extension of Korkoah distribution

system, and prepare VO1.

Prek Chik Scheme

o Package 1 (CW07): Supervise the upgrading, modernization, and extension of the distribution

system; o Package 2 (CW08):

Supervise the upgrading, modernization, and extension of Korkoah distribution system, and prepare VO1.

O Kra Nhak Subproject

o Finalize the revised FS report and submit it to PMU/ADB for review and approval; and

o Prepare DD after the FS report is approved.

49. In Output 2, the following activities are planned for the next quarter:

Social safeguards

o Monitor EMP implementation in all subprojects; o Monitor GAP implementation in all subprojects.

FWUC formation and development




o Assist the MOWRAM FWUC Department in FWUC formation in the TK, PC, and OKN areas and in preparing FWUC formation reports.

Joint Reservoir Operation for TK and PC

o Set up and test the JOROP model for the optimization study, rule curve derivation, and real-time water management and operation.

O&M Study and Tripartite Agreement

o Carry out the O&M study after the collection of relevant CISIS data from PMU; o Prepare O&M plan for TK; and o Facilitate TK tripartite agreement using a participatory approach involving the

conduct of FGDs and consultative workshops.

Installation of hydromet stations in the watersheds and flow measurement networks in the irrigation systems

o Continue to check the operation of, and fix any problem encountered in, the AHS, AWS, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) devices.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1:

PROJECT LOCATION MAP

APPENDIX 1: PROJECT LOCATION MAP Page 1



PROJECT LOCATION MAP

APPENDIX 2:

DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK (DMF)

APPENDIX 2: DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK (DMF) Page 1



DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK (DMF)

Design Summary Performance Targets and Indicators with Baselines

Progress Assessment to 30 September 2017 Remarks/

Recommendation

Impact

Inclusive economic growth through agriculture and irrigation

The project is aligned with the Government’s "Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity, and Efficiency, Phase III”

Outcome

Enhanced water and agriculture productivity in the project areas

By 2022:

Average annual crop production increased to 4.25 tons per ha

(2015 baseline: 1.65 tons/ha)

Assessment will be undertaken after completion of construction work and during the operation of the irrigation systems.

Outputs

1. Efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems in the project areas enhanced

By 2021:

1a. Irrigation infrastructures improved, modernized, and made climate-resilient.

Dry- and wet- season cultivated area increased to 29,500

(2015 baseline: 13,500 ha)

PC main canal and headworks (CW06) have been completed 100%, while TK main canal headworks (CW01) have been extended as the community requested for more bridges and structures.

Civil works for upgrading, modernization, and extension of Chroab (CW03), Korkoah (CW04), PC Package 1 (CW07) and Package 2 (CW08) distribution systems are ongoing.

Physical accomplishments in (CW01): 88%; PC, 100% complete; Chroab, 62%; Korkoah, 77%; (CW07), 12%; and CW08, 22%.

CWO2 was officially dropped as most of AHs did not agree to donate their land to the project.

1b. Irrigation efficiency of three irrigation systems increased by 100%

(2015 baseline: 20%)

Assessment will be undertaken after completion of construction work and during the






Recommendation

operation of the irrigation systems.

1c. Drainage facilities for 1,800 ha improved

(2015 baseline: 0 ha)

Improvement of drainage facilities of PC and TK schemes is ongoing.

Assessment will be undertaken after completion of construction work and during the operation of the drainage facilities.

1d. 2,000 ha of land leveled by laser leveling in coordination with MAFF

(2015 baseline: 0 ha)

Discussions with MAFF under the Rice-SDP project are ongoing.

1e. 21,000 ha land improved through irrigation, drainage, and/or flood protection.

Assessment will be undertaken after completion of construction work and during the operation of the irrigation, drainage, and flood protection facilities.

1f. 25% of unskilled laborers in civil works are women.

Main canal and headworks: TK (CW01), 28%; and

TK distribution system: Korkoah (CW03), 26%; Chroab (CW04), 27%; CW07, 8%; and CW08, 22%.

2. Water resource management improved

By 2021:

2a. Three FWUCs formed and trained (2015 baseline: 0)

Due to the lack of interest from service providers, PMU suggested that the MOWRAM FWUC Department be tasked to handle FWUC formation and capacity building.

The designated team of the FWUC

Department has organized meetings in 13 target villages and 4 communes to disseminate the process of FWUC formation and development.

2b. 30% of FWUC members are women (2015 baseline: 0)

To be complied with during FWUC formation.






Recommendation

2c. 30% of FWUC management committee members are women (2015 baseline: 0)

To be complied with during FWUC formation.

2d. Annual O&M plan prepared during design of each irrigation system.

The proposal for the activities and cost estimates for the development of the tripartite agreement (including O&M plan) for TK irrigation system has been approved.

2e. O&M funds allocated by the government for main canals and reservoirs.

To be complied with after the completion of civil works and O&M plan.

2f. Eight hydro-meteorological stations installed in the watersheds

(2015 baseline: 0)

15 AWSs and 15 AHSs have been installed, and field inspection has been conducted to fix the devices that were not working properly.

APPENDIX 3:

LIST OF AWARDED CONTRACTS

APPENDIX 3: LIST OF AWARDED CONTRACTS Page 1

UPLANDS IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT, CAMBODIA (ADB LOAN 3289-CAM):

PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSULTANT

List of Awarded Contracts ADB Loan No.: 3289-CAM (SF) As of 30 Sep 2017

Category Name / Detailed Description

01 Civil Works

MOWRAM-CW01 - TK Main Canal and Headworks Ongoing 27-Jan-16 10,521,268.05

Add: Variation Order No.1 06-Jun-16 1,485,948.73

Add: Variation Order No.3 26-Jul-17 1,224,163.38

Final Contract Amount MOWRAM-CW01 13,231,380.16 8,647,920.59 4,583,459.57

MOWRAM-CW06 - PC Main Canal and Headworks Ongoing 26-Feb-16 3,499,407.63

Add: Variation Order No.1 17-Jun-16 1,922,345.34

Final Contract Amount MOWRAM-CW06 5421752.97 3967154.35 1454598.62

MOWRAM-CW03 - TK_Chroab Ongoing 27-Dec-16 1,938,956.89 815,308.11 1,123,648.78

MOWRAM-CW04 - TK_Korkoah Ongoing 27-Dec-16 5,879,592.80 3,090,611.79 2,788,981.01

MOWRAM-CW07 - PC Package 1 Ongoing 05-May-17 5,542,927.18 - 5,542,927.18

MOWRAM-CW08 - PC Package 2 Ongoing 20-Jul-17 4,365,728.38 - 4,365,728.38

36,380,338.38 16,520,994.84 19,859,343.54

02 Hydrometeorology Equipment

PMU - HME - 01 - Hydrometeorological Equipment Completed 31-May-16 1,410,933.00 1,411,467.01 (534.01)

1,410,933.00 1,411,467.01 (534.01)

03 Office equipment, furniture and vehicles

PMU - OF - 01 - Office Furniture Delivered 09-Mar-16 52,600.00 52,600.00 -

PMU - OE - 01 - Office Equipment(Lot1) Delivered 18-Mar-16 133,342.00 133,342.00 -

PMU - OE - 01 - Office Equipment(Lot2) Delivered 07-Mar-16 5,360.00 5,360.00 -

PMU - VEH - 01 - Vehicles Delivered 10-Mar-16 457,100.00

Add: Variation Order No.1 Delivered 79,800.00

Final Contract Amount 536,900.00 536,900.00 -

PMU - VEH - 01 - Motorcycles Delivered 05-Aug-16 18,612.00 18,612.00 -

PMU - OE - 02 - Office equipment Delivered 05-Aug-16 19,876.00 19,876.00 -

PMU-OW-01- Office Repairs Completed 25-Feb-16 98,329.00 98,329.00 -

Other-Office Furniture Completed N/A - 280.00 (280.00)

865,019.00 865,299.00 (280.00)

04 Consulting services

CS - 01 - PMIC - Project Management & ImplementationOngoing 29-Jan-16 4,251,571.00 1,527,813.43 2,543,955.57

Add: Variation Order No.4 10-Apr-17 (179,802.00)

4,071,769.00 1,527,813.43 2,543,955.57

42,728,059.38 20,325,574.28 22,402,485.10

Total Civil Work

Grant Total

Total Office equipment, furniture and vehicles

Total Consulting Service

Total Hydrometeorological Equipment

- 536,900.00

3,967,154.35

Cat.

No.

Status /

Remarks

Contract Awarded/Committed

Date of awarded

contractAmount

Paid

Balanceup to 30-Sep-17

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - In US$ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

8,647,920.59 4,583,459.57

1,454,598.62

APPENDIX 4:

SUMMARY OF DISBURSEMENTS

APPENDIX 5:

SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES

APPENDIX 6:

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

APPENDIX 6: PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS Page 1



PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

% of % of % of % of

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Activity Total Activity Total

A. Output 1 - Enhanced efficiency & climate resilience of Irrigation Systems 60 57.62 34.6 60.68 36.4

1 Taing Krasaing Subproject 24 72.65 17.44 74.66 17.92

1. Construction supervision of MC and HW 6 88.61 5.32 88.38 5.30

2. Detailed design of secondary/tertiary canals 6 100 6.00 100 6.00

3. Procurement of civil works of SC/TC 4 90 3.60 92 3.68

4. Construction supervision of SC/TC 4 62.96 2.52 73.39 2.94

5. Commissioning & O&M of MC, SC/TC 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

6. Defect liability correction 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

2 Prek Chik Subproject 24 60.77 14.59 65.32 15.68

1. Construction supervision of MC and HW 6 96.42 5.79 100 6.00

2. Detailed design of secondary/tertiary canals 6 100 6.00 100 6.00

3. Procurement of civil works of SC/TC 4 70 2.80 75 3.00

4. Construction supervision of SC/TC 4 0 0.00 16.92 0.68

5. Commissioning & O&M of MC, SC/TC 2 0 0.00 0 0.00


3 O Kra Nhak Subproject 12 21.25 2.6 23.42 2.8

1. Feasibility study 3 85 2.55 87 2.61

2. Detailed engineering design 3 0 0.00 0 0.00

3. Procurement of civil works 2 0 0.00 10 0.20

4. Construction supervision 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

5. Commissioning & O&M of subproject 1 0 0.00 0 0.00


B. Output 2 - Improved water resources management 25 12.08 3.0 26.72 6.7

1. Formation and development of FWUC 4 10 0.40 15 0.60

2. JOROP Study/Adoption, Taing Krasaing 4 7 0.28 50 2.00

3. JOROP Study/Adoption, Prek Chik 4 7 0.28 50 2.00

4. Installation of hydromet and AW stations 2 100 2.00 100 2.00

5. Installation of flow-measurement network 3 0 0.00 0 0.00

6. Irrigation efficiency & water productivity study 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

7. Improvement plans of O&M of Irrigation Systems 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

8. Assistance in the conduct of laser land leveling 2 3 0.06 4 0.08

9. Training of PDWRAM and FWUC on O&M 2 0 0.00 0 0.00

C. Project Management 15 55.20 8.3 59.33 8.9

1. Establish financial management system 2 100 2.00 100 2.00

2. Procurement of goods, services and works 2 85 1.70 87 1.74

3. Preparation of guidelines, TOR, and procedures 1 30 0.30 35 0.35

4. Project performance management system, PPMS 3 60 1.80 65 1.95

5. Compliance to safeguards and loan covenants 1 70 0.70 80 0.80

6. Capacity building and transfer of technology 2 25 0.50 30 0.60

7. Field works of consultants 4 32 1.28 36.5 1.46

Total Estimated Physical Progress 100 45.9 52.0

Time elapsed from effectiveness date= 25.8 % 30.2 %

Component / Activity

Year / Quarter%

Weight

as of 30-Jun-17 as of 30-Sept-17

2016 2017

APPENDIX 7:

MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR THE STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH LOAN COVENANTS

APPENDIX 7: MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR THE STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH LOAN COVENANTS Page 1



MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR THE STATUS OF COMPLIANCE WITH LOAN COVENANTS

No. Covenant Reference in

Loan Agreement

Status of Compliance

Remarks

Execution of Project; Environmental, Social and Financial Matters

1. In the carrying out of the Project and operation of the Project facilities, the Borrower shall perform or cause to be performed, all obligations set forth in Schedule 5 to this Loan Agreement.

Section 4.01, Article IV

Being complied with

Implementation Arrangements

2. The Borrower shall ensure that the Project is implemented in accordance with the detailed arrangements set forth in the PAM and RF, as applicable. Any subsequent change to the PAM shall become effective only after approval of such change by the Borrower and ADB. In the event of any discrepancy between the PAM and this Loan Agreement, the provisions of this Loan Agreement shall prevail.

Paragraph 1, Schedule 5

Complied with

Environment

3. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that the preparation, design, construction, implementation, operation and decommissioning of the Project and all Project facilities comply with (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower relating to environment, health and safety; (b) the applicable principles and requirements sets forth in the SPS; and (c) all measures and requirements set forth in the EARF, IEE, the EMP, and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report.


Being complied with

4. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that no Subproject with Category A environmental as defined in the SPS is financed under the Project.


Being complied with

Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement

5. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that all land and all rights- of-way required for the Project are made available to the Works contractor in accordance with the schedule agreed under the related Works contract and all land acquisition and resettlement activities are implemented in compliance with the RF and/or RPs based on (a) all applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower relating to land acquisition and involuntary resettlement;


Being complied with

M&E Form no. 7

Version: September 2016

Reporting Date: _________________________________________ (quarterly)

Prepared by: ________________________________________________ PMU supported by PMIC





Loan Agreement


Remarks

(b) the applicable principles and requirements set forth in the SPS; and (c) any necessary corrective or preventative actions set forth in a Safeguards Monitoring Report as agreed by the Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Committee (IRC).

6. Without limiting the application of the SPS or the RP(s), the Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that no physical or economic displacement takes place in connection with the Project until:

(a) compensation and other entitlements have been provided to affected people in accordance with the RP(s); and

(b) a comprehensive income and livelihood restoration program is in place in accordance with the RP(s).


Being complied with

7. The Borrower shall ensure or shall cause MOWRAM to ensure that no Subproject with Category A involuntary resettlement is financed under the Project.


Being complied with

Indigenous Peoples

8. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that the Project does not have any indigenous people’s impact, all within the meaning of the SPS. In the event that the Project does have any such impact, the Borrower shall take all steps required to ensure that the Project complies with the applicable laws and regulations of the Borrower and with the SPS.


Complied with

Human and Financial Resources to Implement Safeguards Requirements

9. The Borrower shall make available or cause MOWRAM to make available necessary budgetary and human resources to fully implement the EARF, EMP, RF, and RP(s).


Being complied with

Safeguards – Related Provisions in Bidding Documents and Works Contracts

10. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that all bidding documents and Works contracts contain provisions that require contractors to:

(a) comply with the measures relevant to the contractor set forth in the EMP and RP(s) (to the extent they concern impacts on affected people during construction), and any corrective or preventative actions set forth in a safeguards monitoring report in compliance with EARF and RF;

(b) make available a budget for all such environmental and social measures;

(c) provide MOWRAM with a written notice of any unanticipated environmental, resettlement or indigenous peoples risks or impacts that arise during construction, implementation or operation of the Project that were not considered in the EMP and RP(s);

(d) adequately record the condition of roads, agricultural land, and other infrastructure prior to starting to transport materials and construction; and


Being complied with





Loan Agreement


Remarks

(e) reinstate pathways, other local infrastructure, and agricultural land to at least their pre-project condition upon the completion of construction.

Safeguard Monitoring and Reporting

11. The Borrower shall do the following or cause MOWRAM to do the following:

(a) submit semi-annual Safeguards Monitoring Reports to ADB and disclose relevant information from such reports to affected persons promptly upon submission;

(b) if any unanticipated environmental and/or social risks and impacts arise during construction, implementation or operation of the Project that were not considered in the EMP and RP(s), promptly inform ADB of the occurrence of such risks or impacts, with detailed description of the event and proposed corrective action plan; and

(c) report any actual or potential breach of compliance with the measures and requirements set forth in EMP or RP(s) promptly after becoming aware of the breach.


Being complied with

12. The Borrower shall ensure that within six months of the Effective Date an external monitoring agency acceptable to ADB is recruited from the counterpart funds for social safeguards monitoring.


Being complied with

Prohibited List of Investments

13. The Borrower shall ensure that no proceeds of the loans are used to finance any activity included in the list of prohibited investment activities provided in Appendix 5 of the SPS.


Being complied with

Labor Standards, Health, and Safety

14. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that the core labor standards and the Borrower’s applicable laws and regulations are complied with during Project implementation. MOWRAM shall include specific provisions in the bidding documents and Works contracts requiring that the contractors, among other things: (a) comply with the Borrower’s applicable labor law and regulations and incorporate applicable workplace occupational safety norms; (b) do not use child labor; (c) do not discriminate workers in respect of employment and occupation; (d) do not use forced labor; (e) allow freedom of association and effectively recognize the right to collective bargaining; and (f) disseminate, or engage appropriate service providers to disseminate, information on the risks of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, to the employees of contractors engaged under the Project and to members of the local communities surrounding the Project area, particularly women.


Being complied with

15. The Borrower shall strictly monitor compliance with the requirements set forth in paragraph 12 above and provide ADB with regular reports.


To be complied with





Loan Agreement


Remarks

Gender and Development

16. The Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that (a) the GAP is implemented in accordance with its terms; (b) the bidding documents and Works contracts include relevant provisions for contractors to comply with the measures set forth in the GAP, including a provision that requires contractors to recruit at least 25% women as unskilled labor; (c) adequate resources are allocated for implementation of the GAP; (d) progress on implementation of the GAP, including progress toward achieving key gender outcome and output targets, are regularly monitored and reported to ADB; and (e) key gender outcome and output targets include, but not limited to: (i) at least 30% of women participation during the presentation on project design and discussion and planning of water distribution and cropping plans; (ii) at least 30% women membership in FWUCs; (iii) at least 30% women representation in FWUC management committee; (iv) at least 25% of unskilled labor employed in Works construction at equal wages shall be women; (v) at least 50% of project training to FWUC be participated by women; and (vi) capacity building of women in management of FWUC affairs, operation and maintenance and water management.


Being complied with

Counterpart Support

17. The Borrower shall ensure that a counterpart fund necessary for the Project is provided on a timely basis.


Being complied with

Operation and Maintenance

18. At the time of the design and cost estimate of each Subproject, the Borrower shall ensure that operation and maintenance costs shall be estimated and maintenance plans shall be prepared by PDWRAM with support of the project management implementation consultants and involvement of the FWUCs, which shall form the basis of calculating the average annual irrigation service fees for the operation and maintenance of the distribution canals.


Being complied with

19. After completion of each Subproject, the Borrower shall ensure that FWUCs collect adequate irrigation service fees to sustain the operation and maintenance of distribution canals in sound and functional order and provide additional counterpart funds to cover any shortfalls.


To be complied with

20. Before and after the completion of the irrigation systems, the Borrower shall ensure that adequate counterpart funds are allocated each year and provided on a timely basis for the operation and maintenance of the main canals.


To be complied with

21. Prior to award of the related Works contracts, PDWRAM shall sign MOUs with the respective FWUCs in accordance with the recently approved law on FWUCs. Each MOU shall outline


Being complied with





Loan Agreement


Remarks

(a) role and responsibilities of the FWUC; and (b) amount of irrigation service fee per hectare, which shall be determined during the design and cost estimation of each Subproject.

22. Prior to the completion of the Taing Krasang main canal works, the Borrower shall ensure that a tripartite water allocation agreement has been signed between PDWRAM- Kampong Thom, FWUCs and private land owners, which agreement clearly specifies the quantity, timing and duration of water to be supplied to the private land owners and the water charges to be paid by them.


Being complied with

Subproject Eligibility and Selection Criteria

23. The Borrower shall ensure and shall cause MOWRAM to ensure that all Subprojects are selected in accordance with the procedures as described in the PAM, and shall meet the screening and eligibility criteria agreed between the Borrower and ADB and documented in the PAM. Specifically, the Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that each Subproject meets the following criteria:


Complied with

(a) with category B or less in terms of environmental impact;

(b) with category B or less in terms of involuntary resettlement impact;

(c) with category C in terms of indigenous peoples impact;

(d) irrigation system having low irrigation efficiency and water productivity, and scope for substantial enhancement of both irrigation efficiency and water productivity;

(e) involving only rehabilitation of existing systems or related schemes and should not involve construction of new systems;

(f) being located outside the Tonle Sap basin;

(g) involving rehabilitation of both primary and secondary canals to ensure that water reached the farm;

(h) not being covered by other ongoing or proposed projects financed by ADB or any other development partners;

(i) beneficiaries including sharecroppers, poor farmers, and women farmers; and

(j) being economically viable; and technically, socially and environmentally feasible with the EIRR of each subproject being greater than 12%.

Being complied with

Grievance Redress Mechanism

24. Within six months of Effective Date, the Borrower shall ensure or cause MOWRAM to ensure that separate safeguards grievance redress mechanisms for environmental and social safeguards, acceptable to ADB, are established in accordance with the provisions of the EARF, IEE, EMP, RF and RP(s), within the timeframes specified in the relevant EARF, IEE,


Complied with





Loan Agreement


Remarks

EMP, RF and RP(s), to consider safeguards complaints.

Governance and Anti-Corruption

25. The Borrower, MOWRAM and Project Provinces shall (a) comply with ADB’s Anti- corruption Policy (1998, as amended to date) and acknowledge that ADB reserves the right to investigate directly, or through its agents, any alleged corrupt, fraudulent, collusive or coercive practice relating to the Project; and (b) cooperate with any such investigation and extend all necessary assistance for satisfactory completion of such investigation.


Being complied with

26. The Borrower, MOWRAM and Project Provinces shall ensure that the anti-corruption provisions acceptable to ADB are included in all bidding documents and contracts, including provisions specifying the right of ADB to audit and examine the records and accounts of the executing and implementing agencies and all contractors, suppliers, consultants, and other service providers as they relate to the Project.


Being complied with

Accounts, Records, and Financial Statements

27. (a) The Borrower shall (i) maintain separate accounts and records for the Project; (ii) prepare annual financial statements for the Project in accordance with accounting principles acceptable to ADB; (iii) have such financial statements audited annually by independent auditors whose qualifications, experience and terms of reference are acceptable to ADB, in accordance with international standards for auditing or the national equivalent acceptable to ADB; (iv) as part of each such audit, have the auditors prepare a report (which includes the auditors’ opinion on the financial statements, use of the Loan proceeds and compliance with the financial covenants of this Loan Agreement as well as on the use of the procedures for imprest fund and statement of expenditures) and a management letter (which sets out the deficiencies in the internal control of the Project that were identified in the course of the audit, if any); and (v) furnish to ADB, no later than 6 months after the end of each related fiscal year, copies of such audited financial statements, audit report and management letter, all in the English language, and such other information concerning these documents and the audit thereof as ADB shall from time to time reasonably request.

(b) ADB shall disclose the annual audited financial statements for the Project and the opinion of the auditors on the financial statements within 30 days of the date of their receipt by posting them on ADB’s website.

(c) The Borrower shall enable ADB, upon ADB's request, to discuss the financial statements for the Project and the Borrower's financial affairs where they relate to the


Being complied with





Loan Agreement


Remarks

Project with the auditors appointed pursuant to subsection (a)(iii) hereinabove, and shall authorize and require any representative of such auditors to participate in any such discussions requested by ADB. This is provided that such discussions shall be conducted only in the presence of an authorized officer of the Borrower unless the Borrower shall otherwise agree.

Inspection

28. The Borrower shall enable ADB's representatives to inspect the Project, the Goods and Works, and any relevant records and documents.


Being complied with

APPENDIX 8:

MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR PROGRESS IN GAP IMPLEMENTATION

APPENDIX 8: MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR PROGRESS IN GAP IMPLEMENTATION Page 1



MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR PROGRESS IN GAP IMPLEMENTATION

M&E Form no. 6

Version: September 2016

Reporting Date: _________________ (quarterly)

Prepared by: _____________________________________ PMU Gender Officer supported by PMIC Gender Specialist

Activities, Indicators, and Targets.

Achievement to Date (This should include information on period of actual implementation, sex-

disaggregated qualitative and quantitative updates (e.g. number of participating women, women beneficiaries of services, etc.)

Issues and Challenges (Please include reasons why an

activity was not fully implemented, or if targets fall

short, or reasons for delay, etc.)

Output 1: Enhanced efficiency and climate resilience of irrigation systems in the project area

1.1 Orientation and training on construction work, such as on canal measurements and work specifications, should be provided to women to ensure the quality of construction work.

Undertaken in TK and PC by the contractors.

1.2 Women who can read and write are encouraged to be hired as record keepers.

All office support staff of PC contractor are women.

1.3 Orientation on gender equality should be provided to constructors.

Undertaken in TK and PC by PMIC Gender Specialist.

1.4 Gender equity and labor arrangements should be included in the contract of construction companies, i.e. at least 25% of unskilled labor will be given to local women during construction and there should be equal pay for equal work.

Included in contracts of contractors in TK and PC.

Status of unskilled women laborers in both core subprojects:

GAP Time-frame

TK Subproject PC Subproject

Contract name

Total F (%) Contract

name Total F (%)

Unskilled labors

QPR6\7

CW01 114 28 CW07 25 8

CW03 47 26 CW08 23 22

CW04 56 27

Average 217 27 48 15

1.5 At least 30% of women should participate during the presentation of project design and in the discussion and planning of the water distribution and cropping plans.

Being complied with

1.6 Conduct meeting with women farmers separately (especially in early stage of the project) to ensure that their ideas will be collected in developing gender project plans.

Undertaken in TK and PC by PMIC Gender Specialist

APPENDIX 8: MONITORING/REPORTING FORM FOR PROGRESS IN GAP IMPLEMENTATION Page 2



Activities, Indicators, and Targets.

Achievement to Date (This should include information on period of actual implementation, sex-

disaggregated qualitative and quantitative updates (e.g. number of participating women, women beneficiaries of services, etc.)

Issues and Challenges (Please include reasons why an

activity was not fully implemented, or if targets fall

short, or reasons for delay, etc.)

Output 2: Improved water resource management

2.1 Encourage both husband and wife to register as member in the FWUC to ensure that at least 30% of the members are women.

Being complied with in the process of FWUC formation.

2.2 Women, as FWUC members, are given equal opportunity with men to participate in project training.

Will be complied with as soon as FWUCs have been organized and training is conducted.

2.3 Develop the knowledge, communication and leadership skills of women members through awareness-raising and training to enable them to be leaders of FWUC.

Will be complied with when FWUC training is conducted.

2.4 At least 30% of FWUC management committee members, including design and construction committee, are women.

Will be complied with during FWUC organization.

2.5 Ensure that women will take part in the operations and maintenance activities with potential for payment or support for livelihood activity.

Will be complied with when FWUCs have been organized and O&M of irrigation system commences.

2.6 Provide coaching on gender awareness and leadership for the gender focal person to ensure that they are able to conduct training within MOWRAM and PDWRAM officials and to women FWUCs.

Will be complied with when training commences.

APPENDIX 9:

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, TAING KRASAING SCHEME (CW01, CW03, and CW04)

APPENDIX 9: CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, TAING KRASAING SCHEME Page 1



CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, TAING KRASAING MAIN CANAL, AND HEADWORKS (CW01)

Planned Actual

Submitted: Check/Reviewed: Conformed/Attested:

_______________________________ _________________________ _________________________

Resident Engineer – Contractor PIU Engineer – PDWRAM PIU Engineer-PDWRAM PMO Engineer-MOWRAM

Kampong Thom Kampong Thom

As of Nov 17 As of Dec 17As of Oct 17As of Sep 17As of Sep 16As of Jun 16 As of Jul 16

__________________________

As of Mar 17

SUB-PROJECT S-CURVE

PLANNED VS. ACTUAL

As of September 2017

D U R A T I O NAs of Mar 16 As of May 16 As of Aug 16As of Apr 16 As of Oct 16 As of Aug 17As of Feb 17As of Nov 16 As of Dec 16 As of Jan 17 As of Apr 17 As of May 17 As of Jun 17 As of Jul 17

0.000% 3.687%

9.302%

17.265%

23.612%

29.285%

32.360%

34.913%

37.506%

42.809%

48.405%

55.548%

62.385%

68.995% 75.717%

81.339%

84.921%

89.593%

92.969%

96.300%

98.613% 99.935% 100.000%

0.00%

7.37%

11.24%

21.18%

25.66%

32.73%

36.29%

41.77% 43.36%

47.28%

59.24%

65.00%

70.70%

74.69% 76.30%

77.92% 80.41%

81.64% 82.75%

88.38%




CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, CHROAB DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (CW03)

Planned Actual


_______________________

Resident Engineer – Contractor PIU Engineer – PDWRAM PIU Engineer-PDWRAM


D U R A T I O NAs of Jan 17 As of Mar 17 As of Jun 17As of Apr 17 As of May 17

As of September,2017

__________________________

SUB-PROJECT S-CURVE

PLANNED VS. ACTUAL

As of Feb 17 As of Jul 17 As of Aug 17 As of Sep 17 As of Oct 17 As of Nov 17 As of Dec 17

0.000% 2.240% 9.191%

18.812%

33.313%

50.556%

67.360%

77.540% 80.091% 83.092%

90.743% 98.024%

0.000% 2.374%

15.192%

26.236%

34.261% 46.321%

49.898%

56.019% 58.341% 62.427%




CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, KORKOAH DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (CW04)

Planned Actual


_______________________

Resident Engineer – Contractor PIU Engineer – PDWRAM PIU Engineer-PDWRAM


As of Dec 17 As of Feb 18As of Jan 18As of Nov 17As of Oct 17As of Sep 17As of Aug 17

SUB-PROJECT S-CURVE

PLANNED VS. ACTUAL

As of Feb 17 As of Jul 17As of Apr 17 As of May 17

As of September,2017

__________________________

D U R A T I O NAs of Jan 17 As of Mar 17 As of Jun 17

0.000% 1.581%

6.889%

20.547%

32.055%

44.893%

56.401%

66.419% 68.977%

71.465% 74.373%

0.000%

6.012%

25.193%

40.529%

46.193%

58.606%

67.275%

71.951% 75.436%

76.995%

APPENDIX 10:

CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, PREK CHIK DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (CW07 and CW08)

APPENDIX 10: CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR- (CW07) and (CW08) Page 1



CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR, PC PACKAGE 1 (CW07)

Actual Planned

Submitted:

- - - -

-90.95% -99.65% -99.74%

- -

As of 5 Sep 2018 As of 5 Oct 2018As of 5 Apr 2018 As of 5 July 2018As of 5 May 2018 As of 5 June 2018 As of 5 Aug 2018

651,077.60 - -

-81.95%-12.80% -100.00%

- - - - -

-27.00% -42.00% -56.10% -71.16%

. - 16,214.68 353,199.44

0.00%

-0.27% -0.54% -0.63% 5.97% 11.53% -99.83% -99.92%-0.89%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.69% 12.33%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

100.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 6.69% 5.64% -12.33% 0.00% 0.00%

81.95% 90.95% 99.65% 99.74% 99.83% 99.92%12.80% 42.00% 56.10% 71.16%0.89% 27.00%

0.09% 0.09% 0.08%

0.27% 0.54% 0.63% 0.72%

14.10%

0.80%

0.09%- 0.27% 0.09% 0.09% 9.00% 8.70%0.08%

As of 5 Mar 2018As of 5 Sep 2017 As of 5 Feb 2018

15.06%0.09% 11.91% 14.20%

As of 5 July 2017 As of 5 Augt 2017 As of 5 Nov 2017 As of 5 Dec 2017 As of 5 Jan 2018

10.79%15.00%

As of 5 Oct 2017As of 5 May 2017 As of 5 June 2017

SUB-PROJECT S -CURVE CW07

PLANNED VS. ACTUAL

As of 5 Sep 2017

DURATION

0%

0.27% 0.54%

0.63% 0.72%

0.80% 0.89% 12.80%

27.00%

42%

56.10%

71.16% 81.95%

90.95%

99.65% 99.74% 99.83% 99.92% 100%

0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 6.69%

12.33%

APPENDIX 10: CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MONITOR- (CW07) and (CW08) Page 2



CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION MON ITOR, PC PACKAGE 2 (CW08)

Actual Planned

Prepared: Certified by:

Contractor Assistant Engineer

Date:…………………………………………………… Date:……………………………………………………

As of 4 Sep 2017 As of 4 Oct 2017

As of 4 Sep 2017

As of 4 Aug 2017

SUB-PROJECT S -CURVE CW08

PLANNED VS. ACTUAL

As of 4 Aug 2018

2.61%1.76% 2.17% 2.99% 3.21% 2.28% 0.22% 0.18%

As of 4 Sept 2018 As of 4 Oct 2018 As of 4 Nov 2018 As of 4 Dec 2018 As of 4 Jan 2019

2.60%0.00% 1.76% 3.93% 6.92% 14.60%

24.08%

33.56%

42.12%

51.60%

60.77%

70.25%

79.42%

88.90% 91.51% 94.11% 97.32% 99.60% 99.82%

0.00%

13.29%

22.51%

APPENDIX 11:

PROGRESS OF FWUC FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

APPENDIX 11: PROGRESS OF FWUC FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT Page 1



Royal Government of Cambodia Nation Religion King

Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

Department of Farmer Water Users Community

To : Project Director, Deputy Director General of Technical Affair

From : Tan Naren, Laing Sokim, Cheanov Bundara and Phann Reasey

Subject : Back-to-Office Report of meeting on process of FWUC formation and development in

Prek Chik Irrigation Scheme, Battambang province from 20 August 2017 to 05

September 2017.

Dear Sir: As mentioned in subject above, We are pleased to inform the Deputy Director General of Technical Affairs and Project Director that, on 20 August 2017 to 05 September 2017, the DFWUC team for Developing and Strengthening the Capacity of the FWUCs conducted the meeting on “process of FWUC formation” in Rukahkiri and Mong Russey district of Battambang province in order to present all benefited farmers about:

Objective of the projects and the sources of fund

Irrigation maps and scope of project

Legal framework to support FWUC formation

Sub-decree No. 31 on establishment, dissolution, roles and duties procedures of FWUC.

1. Project Summary

Uplands Irrigation and Water Resource Management Sector Project is a project that has received loans from the Asian Development Bank (ADB Loan 3289-CAM) through the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology and the Royal Government of Cambodia. The project objective is to support the Rectangular Strategy of the Royal Government of Cambodia Phase III to promote national economic growth through the rehabilitation, modernization and climate proofing of the irrigation system in Battambang province (Prek Chik Sub-Project) and Kampong Thom province (Thaing Krasaing and O Kra Nhak Sub-projects). The project's long-term strategic goal is to make the FWUC efficient and reduce the vulnerability of Cambodian people to natural disasters. 2. Scope of Prek Chik Irrigation System

Prek Chik irrigation scheme covers a total area of 11,647 hectares located in two districts and four communes: Prek Chik, Prey Tralach communes in Rukahkiri district and Kear, Prey Svay in Mong Russey district of Battambang province. Each commune has beneficial villages such as:

Rukhkri district

o Prek Chik commune has 6 villages including Prek Chik, Preaek Taven, Chhker Kham Pres, Khnach Ampor, Thnam, Siem village.

o Prey Tralach commune has 2 villages including Chong Por and Prey Khlot village.

Mong Russey district




o Kear commune has 4 villages including Roka Chhmol, Run, Koh Thkov and Ta Nak village.

o Prey Svay commune has 1 village including Cham Ro A village.

3. Objectives of the Meeting

Let participants be aware of the supporting document of the FWUC formation

Let participants know about the project and the scope of irrigation

Let participants help convey all information to the people who benefit from the project

Encourage participation, maintenance, and responsibility for the irrigation system.

4. Mission Team Members of the DFWUC

Mr. Tan Naren The DFWUC Facilitator Team

Mrs. Laing Sokim The DFWUC Facilitator Team

Mr. Cheanov Bundara The DFWUC Facilitator Team

Mrs. Phann Reasey The DFWUC Facilitator Team

5. Output

5.1. Meeting to disseminate the process of FWUC formation

The meeting on the dissemination of FWUC formation was conducted from 20 August

2017 to 05 September 2017 in four communes and 13 villages.

5.2. The meeting focused mainly on the following topics:

Objective of the projects and the sources of fund

Irrigation maps and scope of project

Legal framework to support and step of FWUC formation

Sub decree no. 31 on establishment, dissolution, roles and duties procedures of FWUC.

5.3. On participation date and place

The participants included PDWRAM, District Governor, Commune Councils, and village

leaders from the target villages benefiting from the Prek Chik Subproject.

Table of Participants, Place, Date of Meeting in the Prek Chik Project

Date Place

DF

WU

C

PM

IC

PD

WR

AM

Local authorities # Farmers

Gra

nd

To

tal

F

DG CC VL Total F

1. Prek Chik Commune, Rukhkri district Battambang province

21/8/17 Prek Chik 4 0 2 1 1 1 56 16 65 18

22/8/17 Preaek Taven 4 0 2 0 1 1 46 11 54 13

23/8/17 Chhker Kham Pres 4 0 2 0 1 1 51 21 59 23

24/8/17 Khnach Ampor 4 0 2 0 1 1 44 15 52 17

25/8/17 Thnam 4 0 2 0 1 1 46 25 54 27

26/8/17 Siem 4 0 2 0 1 1 41 09 49 11

2. Prey Tralach commune, Rukahkiri district Battambang province




Date Place

DF

WU

C

PM

IC

PD

WR

AM

Local authorities # Farmers

Gra

nd

To

tal

F

DG CC VL Total F

28/08/17 Chong Por 4 0 2 1 1 1 45 29 54 31

29/08/17 Prey Khlot 4 0 2 0 1 1 44 18 52 20

3. Kear commune, Mong Russey district Battambang province

30/08/17 Roka Chhmol 4 0 2 0 1 1 48 22 56 24

31/08/17 Rum 4 0 2 0 1 1 53 21 61 23

01/09/17 Koh Thkov 4 0 2 0 1 1 53 22 61 24

02/09/17 Ta Nak 4 0 2 0 1 1 49 24 57 26

4. Prey Svay commune, Mong Russey district Battambang province

04/09/17 Cham Ro A 4 0 2 1 1 1 55 29 64 31

Grand Total 52 0 26 03 13 13 631 262 738 288

Please see attendance list of participant in attachment.

6. The Agreed Next Steps

The next step is for the dissemination of information on FWUC formation in 4 communes

and 13 villages in PC irrigation schemes, including the 2nd dissemination in target villages:

Prakas No. 306 of MOWRAM

Gender mainstreaming

Explain the Annex to the Statute of the FWUC 8, Chapter 40 Articles.

7. Conclusion

The team observed that the process of information dissemination to FWUCs has gone

smoothly and successfully because all participants were very interested in the process of FWUC

formation, which is an important part of supporting the processing of sustainable and well-

functioning irrigation maintenance.

We should, therefore, be grateful if Deputy Director General of Technical Affairs and

Project Director, PMU ADB MOWRAM would check and recognize this report at your earliest

convenience.

Sincerely yours,

Phnom Penh, 7 September 2017

APPENDIX 12:

INTERIM REPORT ON JOROP OF TK and STUNG CHINIT

APPENDIX 12: INTERIM REPORT ON JOROP OF TK AND STUNG CHINIT Page 1



RO J EC T M A NAG E M E N T A N D I M P L E M E N TAT I O N CO N S U LTA N T U P L A N D S

I R R I G AT I O N A N D

WAT E R R E S O U RC E S M A N A G E M E N T S E C TO R P RO J E C T, C A M B O D I A ( A D B L OA N 3 2 8 9 - C A M ) :

P RO J EC T M A NAG E M E N T A N D I M P L E M E N TAT I O N CO N S U LTA N T

U P L A N D S I R R I G A T I O N A N D W A T E R R E S O U R C E S M A N A G E M E N T S E C T O R

P R O J E C T , C A M B O D I A ( A D B L O A N 3 2 8 9 - C A M ) : P R O J E C T M A N A G E M E N T A N D

I M P L E M E N T A T I O N C O N S U L T A N T

INTERIM REPORT

ON JOINT RESERVOIR OPERATION

OF TAING KRASAING AND STUNG CHINIT




INTERIM REPORT ON JOROP OF TAING KRASAING AND STUNG CHINIT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 3 List of Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 3

1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Taing Krasaing Irrigation System ............................................................................ 5 1.3 Stung Chinit Irrigation System ................................................................................ 6 1.4 Joint Reservoir Operation System .......................................................................... 7

2. CONCEPT OF WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................................................... 8

2.1 Basics of Water Management ................................................................................. 8 2.2 Components of WMS ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Irrigation Facilities ................................................................................................... 9 2.4 WM Organization .................................................................................................. 10 2.5 Operation and Management System .................................................................... 12

3. JOROP PLANNING MODEL ........................................................................................... 14

3.1 Purpose of Planning Model ................................................................................... 14 3.2 Hydrometeorological Data .................................................................................... 14 3.3 Reservoir Lake Topographic Data ........................................................................ 15 3.4 Irrigation Water Requirement ................................................................................ 17 3.5 Joint Reservoirs Schematic Diagram .................................................................... 18 3.6 Reservoir Control Structures................................................................................. 19 3.7 Model Computational Procedure .......................................................................... 20 3.8 Performance Indicators......................................................................................... 21 3.9 Model Simulation Runs ......................................................................................... 21 3.10 Reservoir Rule Curve ........................................................................................... 25 3.11 Results and Findings ............................................................................................ 26

4. JOROP OPERATION MODEL......................................................................................... 27

4.1 Purpose of Operation Model ................................................................................. 27 4.2 JOROP Model Conceptual Diagram ..................................................................... 28 4.3 Model Processing Diagram ................................................................................... 28 4.4 Sector Data File .................................................................................................... 29 4.5 Crop Data File ...................................................................................................... 31 4.6 Hydromet Data File ............................................................................................... 32 4.7 Canal Data File ..................................................................................................... 33 4.8 Gates Data File .................................................................................................... 33 4.9 7-Days Irrigation Demand Output ......................................................................... 34 4.10 7-Days Canal Output ............................................................................................ 35 4.11 7-Days Gate Opening Output ............................................................................... 36 4.12 Weekly Reservoir Water Balance Output .............................................................. 39 4.13 JOROP Implementation Strategy .......................................................................... 39 4.14 User’s Manual and Training .................................................................................. 41 4.15 Test Run and Validation ....................................................................................... 41

5. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................... 41




List of Tables

Number Title Page

1 Command Area of Taing Krasaing Irrigation System .............................................. 5 2 Command Area of Stung Chinit Irrigation System ................................................... 7 3 Reservoir Operating Water Levels ........................................................................ 20 4 Summary of Results of Planning Model Simulation ............................................... 26

List of Figures

Number Title Page

1 Command Area of Taing Krasaing .......................................................................... 5 2 Command Area of Stung Chinit .............................................................................. 6 3 Aerial View of the Two Reservoirs .......................................................................... 7 4 Stung Chinit FWUC Organization Chart ................................................................ 11 5 Water Management Methods................................................................................ 13 6 Illustration of Gate Opening based on Crop Stage ................................................ 14 7 Topographic Map of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing Reservoirs ........................ 15 8 Elev-Area and Elev-Storage Curves for Taing Krasaing Reservoir ....................... 16 9 Elev-Area and Elev-Storage for Stung Chinit Reservoir ........................................ 16 10 Concept of Paddy Water Balance Computation .................................................... 17 11 Optimized Cropping Calendar ............................................................................... 18 12 Schematic Flow Diagram of JOROP Plan ............................................................. 19 13 Schematic Section of the Reservoir and Control Structures .................................. 20 14 Stung Chinit Reservoir Rules for First Crop Area .................................................. 25 15 Taing Krasaing Reservoir Rules for First Crop Area ............................................. 26 16 Operation Model Process Flowchart ..................................................................... 29 17 Layout of Taing Krasaing Sectors ......................................................................... 29 18 Layout of Stung Chinit – Left Main Canal Sectors ................................................. 30 19 Layout of Stung Chinit – Right Main Canal Sectors .............................................. 30 20 Screenshot of Sector Data Worksheet .................................................................. 31 21 Screenshot of Crop Data Worksheet .................................................................... 32 22 Screenshot of Hydromet Data Worksheet ............................................................. 32 23 Screenshot of Canal Data Worksheet ................................................................... 33 24 Screenshot of the Gate Data Worksheet .............................................................. 34 25 Screenshot of Daily Irrigation Demand Worksheet ................................................ 35 26 Screenshot of the Daily Canal Discharge Worksheet ............................................ 36 27 Screenshot of 7-Days Gate Opening Worksheet .................................................. 38 28 Screenshot of Reservoir Water Balance Worksheet ............................................. 39

List of Annexes

Number Title

A Decadal Rainfall Data at Kampong Thom Station B Decadal Discharge Data at Stung Chinit Station C Decadal Computed Irrigation Water Requirement D Annual Summaries of Planning Model - Simulation Runs




Reservoirs in Series - upstream reservoir discharges to

a downstream reservoir, also known as Transbasin.

Reservoirs in Parallel - two reservoirs discharging into a

common downstream channel.

INTERIM REPORT ON JOROP OF TAING KRASAING AND STUNG CHINIT

1. INTRODUCTION

1. The Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project (UIWRMSP) included an innovative approach to effectively manage the operation of the reservoir irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and Battangbang provinces.

2. In the Taing Krasaing and Stung Chirit irrigation systems, the command area is supplied by two storage reservoirs acting in series. A transbasin or link canal has been constructed connecting the two storage reservoirs to take advantage of the larger catchment area of Stung Chirit water source and bigger storage capacity of Taing Krasaing reservoir to irrigate 19,000 hectares (ha).

3. Similarly, the Bassac and Dauntry irrigation systems are to be supplied by two storage reservoirs system. The two reservoirs are setup in parallel and serving a common command area via a single main canal. The main canal is then connected to secondary canals and the total irrigable area is 28,820 ha. The Dauntry reservoir is still in the planning stage and the final reservoir configuration is still uncertain.

4. The JOROP or Joint Reservoir Operation component of UIWRMSP is intended to combine the operation of the two reservoir systems to be able to share the water and improve the overall available water supply and increase the combined system reliability.

1.1 Background

5. UIWRMSP is funded under ADB Loan 3289-CAM and is envisioned to support the goal of the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) to enhance the agricultural and rural economic productivity through the rehabilitation, modernization, and climate-proofing of selected irrigation systems in Kampong Thom and Battambang provinces.

6. There are two outputs to be delivered by the Project Management and Implementation Consultant (PMIC), namely:

(i) rehabilitation, modernization, and climate-proofing of three irrigation systems in the provinces of Kampong Thom and Battambang; and

(ii) improvement of water resources management through the organization of farmer water user communities (FWUCs) and their participation in the planning and design process, provision of hydro-meteorological stations, and training of Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM) personnel on water resources management.

7. Under output 1, three sub-projects are proposed for rehabilitation and improvement. This includes the existing Taing Krasaing irrigation system and covers the rehabilitated of the head regulator (including under-sluice outlet and overflow spillway), cross regulators, off-takes and secondary canals, pumping facilities for 3,000 ha and some drainage structures. Aside from the improvement of the physical irrigation facilities, Output 2, also provides for the joint operation and water management of the Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit reservoirs in conjunction with the collection of hydro-meteorological data, and organization and training of the Farmers Water User Communities (FWUC) and PDRAM staff.




1.2 Taing Krasaing Irrigation System

8. The Taing Krasaing system is located approximately 25 kilometers (km) southeast of the city of Kampong Thom and 185 km from Phnom Penh. The irrigation system was constructed in 1975 to 1978. It underwent rehabilitation in 2000 and improvement in 2005 and 2012. The irrigation system is supplied by a single reservoir from the Taing Krasaing River, enclosed by a long earth embankment and regulated through an outlet-control gate. The watershed of Taing Krasaing reservoir is estimated at 932 sq.km. The Taing Krasaing reservoir is linked through a 9.7 km canal to another reservoir system called Stung Chinit. This adjacent reservoir has a larger watershed and more inflow that will be used to supplement Taing Krasaing reservoir.

9. The main canal of Taing Krasaing runs directly northward alongside a maintenance road for about 2 km and turns 90 degrees left (westward) at about 30 meters (m) upstream of the first cross regulator and then continues on for another 17 km in a straight line up to the headgate of the last secondary canal (Kakaoh). The proposed rehabilitation and improvement works under the UIWRSP includes the reshaping and slope protection of the main canal, repair, and construction of cross regulators, construction of secondary and tertiary canals and associated control structures. The irrigation network serves dual functions of conveying irrigation water and draining excess storm runoff. Figure 1 shows the command area of Taing Krasaing with a total area of 9, 869 hectares.

Figure 1: Command Area of Taing Krasaing

10. The command area is subdivided into 5 sub-areas as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Command Area of Taing Krasaing Irrigation System

Sub-areas Land Ownership Commune Area (hectares)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Companies

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Ti Pou

Ti Pou

Taing Krasaing

Chroab

Kakaoh

2,664

2,989

1,370

855

1,991




1.3 Stung Chinit Irrigation System

11. The Stung Chinit irrigation system is located beside Taing Krasaing irrigation system and 3 km from Kampong Thma center. The development of the water resources of Stung Chinit was proposed in 1971, to construct a multi-purpose storage dam for irrigation to serve 48,000 hectares, hydropower generation with 4.5 MW plant capacity, flood control, and fisheries at Phnom Takho.1 However, the development of Stung Chinit was only partially undertaken in the 1970s to 1980s with the construction of the main diversion structure and the main canal with head regulators using forced labor under the Khmer Rouge regime. The irrigation canal system covered only a short length of 40 km, which limited the size of the command area. The irrigation system was also poorly planned and shoddily constructed and suffered damages due to flood inundation in the past years and insufficient maintenance.

12. In 2003, the Stung Chinit Irrigation and Rural Infrastructure Project (SCIRIP) was implemented with technical and financial assistance provided by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Agence Française de Développement, and counterpart funding by the Cambodian government. The six years project aimed to increase agricultural productivity and to stimulate the rural economy in the province of Kampong Thom. In the initial phase, an area of 12,000 hectares was proposed to be developed, apart from rehabilitation of about 7,000 hectares that been previously developed. An additional dry season irrigation system in an area of about 2,000 hectares was also planned.2

13. After the project completion in 2008, the appraisal of the project shows that the scope of the project was changed due to the oversight or unanticipated degree of damage on the irrigation infrastructure and inaccurate topographic information. Accordingly, priority was focused to the command area of the northern main canal serving about 2960 hectares and to provide primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary infrastructures for irrigation and drainage.

14. At present, the total command area of Stung Chinit Irrigation System is 10,049 hectares as shown in Figure 2 and is served by two main canals located on both side of the overflow spillway with their command areas as tabulated below (Table 2).

Figure 2: Command Area of Stung Chinit

1 Source: Wikipedia

2 Source: ADB Project Completion Report -2009




Table 2: Command Area of Stung Chinit Irrigation System

Sub-Areas Location Area (hectares)

Right Main Canal (northward)

Left Main Canal (southward)

Left side of Canal

Right side of Canal

Left side only

2,798

251

7,000

15. The size of the command area is based on the information provided by PDRAM and the FWUC of the Right Main Canal. It was also observed during the field visit by the Consultant that there are a few fishpond operators that have constructed private off-takes and are getting water from the Right Main Canal or link canal to Taing Krasaing. These other water users should also be considered in the overall water management plan.

1.4 Joint Reservoir Operation System

16. The plan to jointly operate the Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit reservoirs was already being contemplated when the two irrigation systems were constructed due to their proximity and the perennial water shortages experienced in the Taing Krasaing irrigation system. In the PPTA FS report, the study considered the joint reservoir operation, which will results to a 200% cropping intensity for the Taing Krasaing command area (to be verified in simulation runs). The main features of the joint reservoir system given in the PPTA report is presented below:

Reservoir Watershed Area

(sq. km.)

Storage Capacity (mcm)

Service Area (hectares)

Taing Krasaing 932 7

19,000 Stung Chirit 4,215 34

Total 5,147 41

Source: FS of Taing Krasaing Irrigation System (2015), Table 13, Page 48

17. The Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit reservoirs are linked together by the Right Main Canal (RMC) of Stung Chinit irrigation system that supplies irrigation to some 3,049 ha. The link canal or RMC is approximately 9.7 km long and has two control gates located (no. 1) at northern corner of Stung Chinit reservoir, which also serve as the head regulator for the RMC and (no. 2) at the end of the link canal at the southern corner of Taing Krasaing Reservoir. The link canal or RMC is designed for irrigation and drainage and has the capacity to transfer water between the two reservoir systems (both directions) due to the relatively flat slope of the channel bed profile. Figure 3 shows the locations of the two reservoir systems and their command area.

Figure 3: Aerial View of the Two Reservoirs




2. CONCEPT OF WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

18. Irrigation water management is an important part in the development of the irrigation system since it serves as the final stage to operating the irrigation system. To be effective, the concept of the water management plan should have been decided during the planning and adopted in design and construction stages of the irrigation system. In the case of Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit, the two reservoir systems were constructed separately and the idea of jointly operating the system only came later. Fortunately, both these systems have undergone rehabilitation and improvement which somewhat accounted for in their design the joint operation of the two reservoir systems.

19. Water management as discussed in this report does not include storm runoff or drainage flow since these are extreme and short duration meteorological and hydrological events. However, the two irrigation systems are designed to handle both irrigation and drainage and thus, the water management may include policies to operate the irrigation canals as drainage waterways. Furthermore, high rainfall events will require the suspension of the water delivery to prevent any excessive flooding in the command area. A separate protocol is normally adopted in the O&M plan for flood and high rainfall events.

2.1 Basics of Water Management

20. There are many definition of Irrigation Water Management (IWM) or simply, Water Management (WM). “IWM is the act of timing and regulating irrigation water application in a way that will satisfy the water requirement of the crop without wasting water, energy, and plant nutrients or degrading the soil resource”, (Klausmeyer)3. Another definition is “the practice of monitoring and managing the rate, volume, and timing of water application according to the seasonal crop needs, giving consideration to the soil intake and water holding capacities. Soil moisture should be managed to obtain optimum yields, without deep percolation losses or runoff”, (SWCD of Montana)4. Essentially, IWM is the practice of managing, regulating and scheduling the delivery or application of irrigation to satisfy the crop need or water requirement and minimize wastage of water and energy at the least cost to the water users and system operator. The water delivery should be equitable, timely and efficient to maximize the benefit.

21. In an irrigation system, the water management may be classified into; water source management, system irrigation management and farm water management (Ishiyama)5. This means that there are three areas of concerns: (1) water source; (2) conveyance or distribution system; and (3) farm delivery system. For the joint reservoir, the water sources are Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit although some canals are designed to store runoff water, however, due to their limited capacity, these are not reliable water source. The distribution system for the two irrigation systems are the main canals and secondary canals. The farm level delivery systems are the tertiary and quaternary canals. These distinctions are important in assigning the responsibility of water management.

2.2 Components of WMS

22. The water management system (WMS) is the term used to describe all the components used in operating any large irrigation system. There are three (3) main components of an effective and efficient WMS and these are the following:

3 Kelly J. Klausmeyer, Natural Resources Conservation Service Webpage, “Irrigation Water Management”.

4 Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Montana Webpage

5 O, Ishiyama, JICA, “Primary Hydraulics and its Practice for Water Management”, 1988

Classification of Water Management

- Water Source Management - Water Distribution Management - Farm Level Water Management




Components of Water Management

- Infrastructure Facilities - WM Organization - Operation Policies and Procedures

Block

- sub-area composed of several farm lots supplied by a tertiary canal.

Sector

- sub-area composed of several blocks supplied by a secondary canal or controlled by a cross regulator

(i) Irrigation Facilities - Well designed, constructed and fully functional (ii) WM Organization - Strongly organized, trained and well-motivated (iii) WM Procedure - Simple, adaptable and sufficiently documented

23. The success or failure of managing the water delivery system will depend on the conditions of these 3 components and how well they are maintained and harmonized.

2.3 Irrigation Facilities

24. The irrigation facilities include the reservoir, irrigation cum drainage canal infrastructures, and control and measuring structures. The irrigation system is also divided into sub-areas served by the secondary, tertiary and quaternary canals. The smallest sub-area served by quaternary off-take ranges from 25 to 50 ha. The smallest sub-areas are combined in a tree branch pattern to form the larger command area for the tertiary, secondary and main canal.

2.3.1 Taing Krasaing Irrigation System

25. The Taing Krasaing irrigation system includes a reservoir with a lake area of 17.3 sq. km. and command area of 9,689 ha. The 120 m long overflow spillway, two Gated Sluiceways and one Head Regulator for the Taing Krasaing Main Canal, mainly regulates the flow in the reservoir. Around the reservoir area, there are also three drainage inlets and one off-take for a tertiary canal.

26. The primary water distribution system is the Main Canal, which is feed by the Head Regulator while the Cross Regulator (RC) controls the water level and discharge at each canal reach. There are a total of six RC distributing the water throughout the length of the main canal to the secondary and tertiary canals. The cross regulator controls each irrigation sector as envisioned in water management plan. The list of the control structures along the main canal are shown in the table below:

RC Name Chainage

(m) Coverage Command Area, ha.

TK-HR 0+000 Whole System 9,689

TK-CR1 2+200 Tipou-1 1,603

TK-CR2 4+300 Tipou-2 1,317

TK-CR3 10+310 Tipou Pump 2,733

TK-CR4 14+100 Cavac 1370

TK-CR5 15+700 Chroab 855

TK-CR6 17+260 Kakoah 1,991

** Note: TK-CR6 is the Headwork for secondary canal of Kakoah

27. The Main Canal also acts as drainage waterways and is therefore provided with escape (wasteway) structures. Another function of the main canal as envisioned in the design is to temporarily store water for irrigation. The utilization of additional storage is also included in the JOROP water management plan. More detailed discussion on this aspect is presented in the operational model section.

28. The secondary canal headworks and tertiary canal off-takes are provided with control gates while the quaternary outlets are provided with concrete pipe conduit for control of the outflow.




Control Gate flowing into TK Reservoir

FWUC Bldg.

2.3.2 Stung Chinit Irrigation System

29. The Stung Chinit irrigation system includes a reservoir with a lake area of 11.5 sq. km. and command area of 10,049 ha. The 750 m long overflow spillway, two Gated Sluiceways (fish passage and riparian outlets) and two Head Regulator for the Right Main Canal (RMC) - northward and Left Main Canal (LMC) - southward, mainly regulates the flow in the reservoir. Around the reservoir perimeter, there are also seven drainage inlets.

30. The primary water distribution systems are the two Main Canals, which is feed by separate Head Regulators. For the RMC, which also is a link canal to Taing Krasaing, the flow is partially controlled by the road crossing structure and outlet works at the end of the RMC (entrance to Taing Krasaing Reservoir). The very flat slope of RMC eliminate the need for a cross regulator along this main canal.

31. For the LMC, there is no available information on the number of cross regulator along this canal route. However, there are several control structures, head gates and road crossing on the canal shown on the Google Earth satellite images. A detailed inventory of the irrigation structures will be conducted in southern command area later in the study.

2.4 WM Organization

32. The implementors of the water management plan will be PDRAM and the farmers’ organization. The Consultant conducted a dialogue with the PDRAM and the FWUC of Stung Chinit – RMC command area. In the present water management setup, PDRAM is responsible in the operation of the Head Regulators, reservoir structures, and main canals while the farmers’ organization is responsible for the secondary and tertiary structures.

2.4.1 Stung Chinit FWUC

33. In Stung Chinit system, the operation of RMC command area is being managed by the Farmer Water Users Community (FWUC). The FWUC has an office where it conducts its business and manages the affairs of the association. Because of difficulty of conversing in Khmer and limited time for the dialogue, the Consultant was not able to get more details on the organization and structural hierarchy.

34. A literature review provided some information on the FWUC from the research paper, Cambodia Case Study Report MK12 (CGIAR, 2014)6. The study was done after the completion of the ADB funded project and aims to assess to the performance and impact of the irrigation project and to made appropriate recommendations. Figure 4 shows the organizational structure of the FWUC at Stung Chinit.

6 WLE-CGIAR-ICEM, MK12 Cambodia Case Study Report, “The impact of Water Supply Infrastructure on floods and

droughts in the Mekong region and the implications for food security”, Feb. 2014




Figure 4: Stung Chinit FWUC Organization Chart

Philippe &Sebastien, 2009

35. The FWUC has three tiers composed of four principal officers, water users groups, and general membership. The function of the principal officers and group leaders are presented below:

Chairman - responsible for general supervision

First Vice Chairman - manages and prepares maintenance and repair plan

Second Vice Chairman: in-charge of water supply distribution

Treasurers: manages financing of operations

Water User Groups and members: reports the farmers’ viewpoints.

36. For the LMC command area of Stung Chinit, the Consultant was informed that there is no FWUC organization setup in this location. The farmers are said to be less or loosely organized and mainly depended on the village leaders or chiefs when they need to talk with PDRAM. Sometimes, they would also ask the RMC-FWUC to intercede in their behalf to communicate with PDRAM in the opening of the Head Regulator. This lack of a FWUC organization will be problem in the implementation of JOROP plan.

2.4.2 Taing Krasaing FWUC

37. For Taing Krasaing, one of the output of UIWRMSP is to organize and provide training to the FWUC. The Department of FWUC has been assigned as service provider to organize the FWUC of Taing Krasaing and the target completion is 2018. The National Consultant is working closely with the Department of FWUC in undertaking this activity. It should be noted that the FWUC is a signatory to the tripartite agreement between FWUC, MOWRAM and Private Company to jointly manage the irrigation system.

38. The principal requirement for an effective farmers’ organization is a clear organizational structure for the farmers organization that incorporates the personnel needed in operating the system from the administration of the farmers, operation of the gates, maintaining the irrigation facilities and disseminating information. The usual setup for a farmers’ organization is to have different committees responsible for different task such as water distribution, maintenance, and repair, conflict management and information - communication.




WM Plan Activities

- Cropping Calendar and IWR Computation

- Water Balance Computation

- Irrigation Scheduling

2.4.3 Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology (PDWRAM)

39. PDWRAM of Kampong Thom is also part of the overall water management organization. The PWDRAM is headed by the Director and also manned by 4 to 5 non-technical staff. The PWDRAM is tasked to manage the opening and closing of the head regulator gates and address minor technical problems.

40. The current assessment of the organization’s capability of PDWRAM and the existing FWUC is quite “limited” in terms of the technical knowledge and available manpower and logistics support to undertake or implement an advanced water management scheme. These limitations will be discussed and addressed in the latter part of the JOROP plan.

41. The WM organization will be responsible for the various level of operation from the reservoir dam, main canal, secondary and tertiary canal. Some of the monitoring and control can be assigned to the farmer’s organization or the farmers themselves. The personnel complement required for the water management will be defined in detailed in the JOROP plan including their assigned task defined. Training of the personnel will be undertaken to familiarize the implementers on the various aspect of the JOROP management plan through lectures, on-the-job training, and reading materials.

2.5 Operation and Management System

42. In developing the Water Management Plan, the slogan “Simple is Best” is very appropriate. There is a tendency to adopt very detailed, elaborate and complex WM plan, which later fails due to the difficulty of execution, lack of understanding and insufficient logistical support. The WM plan for an irrigation system would generally consist of the following activities:

cropping calendar and crop water requirement

water balance computation

irrigation scheduling

43. The cropping calendar is prepared and used in computing the Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) for each irrigation period (either daily or weekly). The computation will estimate the land preparation and land soaking requirements, crop consumptive use, effective rainfall and net-farm requirement and then apply the irrigation efficiency to arrive at the IWR.

44. The water balance computation will determine the amount of water available and allocation of the water supply. The water balance will be based on the joint operation of the two reservoirs.

45. The irrigation scheduling will determine the timing and amount of water to be released to each unit irrigable area (Block or Zone) based on the available water supply.

46. The general WM process cycle involve field measurement of hydromet data, calculation of water requirement, delivery of water and monitoring of paddy water levels,

47. The WM can be classified according to the method of the water distribution, frequency of operation/monitoring and degree of control. These WM methods are presented in Figure 5. There are seven methods listed from no control/continuous to fully automated like using Supervisory Control and Data




Acquisition (SCADA). It should be noted that WM methods are different from water source or distribution method e.g. groundwater, pump, sprinkler, etc.

Figure 5: Water Management Methods

48. An assessment of the present operation was done to gauge the capability of the FWUC and the PDWRAM. The Director of PDWRAM stated that one of their staff would go to the reservoir to open the Head Regulator gates and these gates will remain open for 11 months and closed only in December. They also do casual inspection, especially during the flood season.

49. On the other hand, the FWUC officers will decide when to start the irrigation after consulting its members and the decision is based on the majority. It is also mentioned that the start of irrigation will be done when the reservoir level in Stung Chinit is less than 0.5 below the spillway crest level. The FWUC is only responsible for opening the secondary headworks while the downstream farmers are responsible to supplying their individual farm lots. The FWUC also regulates the gate opening during heavy rainfall to mitigate flooding of the farms.

50. Based on the information provided, PDWRAM is practicing level 1 - continuous method, which requires minimal effort and almost no control on water use. In the case of the FWUC, they are practicing level 3 - fixed schedule, which requires at least weekly monitoring and provide slight to moderate control. Although the FWUC occasionally adjust the gates, these are only done during heavy rainfall. In general, these actions do not contribute to the conservation of water when the reservoir is probably overflowing.

51. The PDWRAM was asked about their expectation on the future WM scheme based on the frequency of operation/monitoring and control to be exercised. The PDWRAM Director said that they could perform weekly (level 3) monitoring of the reservoir irrigation systems. The FWUC was also asked if they would be amenable to regulate the secondary canal head gates (e.g. gate = open, half open, close) according to the crop stage and farm operation as shown in illustration in Figure 6. The FWUC officers said that they are familiar with crop stages and are willing to control the gates opening (level 5).

WATER MANAGEMENT METHOD

MONITORING

by R. Maloles, 2017

6,SEMI - AUTOMATED

7.FULLY AUTOMATED

1. NO CONTROL / CONTINUOUS

2. PROPORTIONAL METHOD

3.FIXED SCHEDULE

LEVEL - METHOD CONTROL

4.ROTATIONAL METHOD

5. DEFICIT (CONTROLLED)

START - ENDNO

SLIGHT

MODERATE

FULL

WEEKLY

HOURLY

REAL TIME

DAILY

WEEKLY

DAILY




Figure 6: Illustration of Gate Opening based on Crop Stage

3. JOROP PLANNING MODEL

52. Balancing the operation of the two reservoirs will require the use of a planning or optimization simulation model (computer program) to test different operational policies to be used in the proposed JOROP plan. The operational policies cannot be tested in the real world since it would be too difficult, problematic, time consuming (takes several cropping seasons), and costly to implement. In the case of the planning model, all possible scenarios can be checked and tested using the 19 years historical rainfall and runoff data. The model can be used to measure the overall performance of the two reservoir systems under different conditions using measurable parameters.

3.1 Purpose of Planning Model

53. The purpose of the Planning Modeling are as follows:

To select the hydro-meteorological data required for modeling To check all design parameters of control or regulating structures affecting the

operation of the two reservoirs. To optimize the proposed cropping calendars for the two reservoirs. To determine the conditions and rate of water transfer from Stung Chinit to Taing

Krasaing. To set the size of the command area that can be supplied by each reservoirs. To validate the reliability of the reservoirs for the following conditions

o Without Project Condition (without JOROP) o With JOROP plan with 40 percent irrigation efficiency o With JOROP plan with 50 percent irrigation efficiency o With JOROP plan with TK canal storage considered

To prepare the reservoir rule curve for operating in case of dry year

3.2 Hydrometeorological Data

54. The hydrometerological data required for the reservoir simulation are daily rainfall, monthly evaporation, and daily discharges. Rainfall data came from Kampong Thom station and the available daily data is 2000 to 2015. The monthly potential evaporation data were estimated using the Penman-Monteith Method by applying the climatic data from Stung Chinit station in Kampong Thom. For the discharge data, daily discharge data was taken from Stung Chinit station (no. 620101) with a catchment area of 4130 sq. km.

55. The discharge data was checked for consistency and reliability by comparing the data with rainfall and discharge data of other stations. The daily discharge data is only available from 1997




to 2015 while monthly discharge data goes back to 1961. The Consultant was able to collect the daily river gage reading up to 1961 and attempted to extend the daily discharge data using the discharge-rating curve.

56. A review of the discharge rating curve shows that discharge measurements (DM) were done in 3 periods; 43 DM (1962-1965), 23 DM (1997-1999) and 17 DM (Aug-Dec 2000). Based on these DM data, MOWRAM prepared two discharge rating curves7 covering the period (1961-70) and (1997-99) and these were applied to convert the water level readings to discharges. The two discharge rating curves were compared and found to have different water level for zero discharge. Since it would be difficult to verify the reasons for these changes in the DM data, it was decided to just use the daily discharge data form 1997 to 2015 in the reservoir operation study.

57. The daily and decadal rainfall data of Kampong Thom station is given in Annex A. While, the daily and decadal discharge data at Stung Chinit station is presented in Annex B.

3.3 Reservoir Lake Topographic Data

58. Hydrographic/topographic survey of the reservoir lake area of Stung Chinit and Taing Kraasing were commissioned and completed in December 2016. The topographic maps are shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Topographic Map of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing Reservoirs

59. From the topographic map, the reservoir elevation corresponding lake area was estimated and used in preparing the elevation – lake area (E-A) curves and elevation – storage (E-S) curves.

7

Office of Reserarch and Flood Forcasting, MOWRAM-DHRW, “River Flow Monitoring Stations on Tonle Sap”, 2006, pages 64-67

Stung Chinit

Taing Krasaing




The E-A and E-S curves for Taing Krasaing is presented in Error! Reference source not found. while for Stung Chinit, it is presented in Error! Reference source not found.. The storage capacities of the two reservoirs are presented in the table below.

Taing Krasaing Reservoir Stung Chinit Reservoir

Spillway Crest 16.34 m Spillway Crest 16.05 m

- Storage Capacity 24.5 mcm - Storage Capacity 19.40 mcm

Irrig. Outlet Invert Elev 13.81 m Irrig. Outlet Invert Elev 13.10 m

- Storage Capacity 3.50 mcm - Storage Capacity 0.0 mcm

Figure 8: Elev-Area and Elev-Storage Curves for Taing Krasaing Reservoir

Figure 9: Elev-Area and Elev-Storage for Stung Chinit Reservoir

TAISANG KRASANG RESERVOIRDrainage Area = 932 sq.km.

ELEV AREA VOL ACCUM VOL

(M) (Km2) (MCM) (MCM)

13.0 2.705 0.000 0.000

14.0 5.274 3.990 3.990

15.0 7.808 6.541 10.531

16.0 13.910 10.859 21.390

16.5 17.353 7.816 29.205

Spillway Crest Elev. = 16.340 m

Storage = 24.500 mcm

Irrig. Outlet Invert = 13.810 m

Storage = 3.500 mcm

Elevation - Lake Area - Storage Curves

Elev = -0.0034 V2 + 0.2132 V + 13.091

R2 = 0.9954

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Area x 10 (sqkm) and Storage (mcm)

Ele

v (

m)

Lake Area Curve

Active Storage Curve

Log. (Lake Area Curve)

STUNG CHINIT RESERVOIRDrainage Area = 4215 sq.km.

ELEV AREA VOL ACCUM VOL

(M) (Km2) (MCM) (MCM)

13.0 2.880 0.000 0.000

14.0 4.655 3.768 3.768

15.0 6.733 5.694 9.462

16.0 11.540 9.137 18.598

17.0 14.528 13.034 31.632

Spillway Crest Elev. = 16.050 m

19.400 mcm

Irrig. Outlet Invert = 13.100 m

0.000 mcm

Elevation - Lake Area - Storage Curves

Elev = 0.0001V3 - 0.0096V

2 + 0.2904V + 13.01

R2 = 0.9999

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Area x 10 (sqkm) and Storage (mcm)

Ele

v (

m)

Lake Area Curve

Active Storage Curve




Types of Rice Varieties in Cambodia

Photo Sensitive

- Long Maturity (6 to 8 months) - Medium Maturity (4 to 5 months)

Photo Non-sensitive

- Early Maturity (90 to 110 days)

3.4 Irrigation Water Requirement

60. The irrigation water requirement (IWR) was estimated using a paddy water balance computation on a 10-day interval. The concept and basic equation of the water balance computation is shown in Figure 10. Note that the effective rainfall is derived.

61. For the computation of IWR, it is necessary to prepare the proposed cropping calendar for paddy rice for Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit. In the Consultant’s dialogue with the farmers in Stung Chinit, it was found that they are planting the moderate maturity rice variety (5-6 month growing period) and starts planting between May and June, and harvest in October to November.

Figure 10: Concept of Paddy Water Balance Computation

62. In the PPTA Report8, it recommended to adopt the short maturity rice variety (90 to 105 days growing period) presumably to reduce water use and increase production with two croppings per year. The PPTA recommended the cropping calendar will start in April and harvest in August and then immediately followed by a second rice crop. It has been observed that there is a short dry period occurring in the month of July and the farmers normally schedule the broadcasting of rice after this period.

63. For the JOROP study, two types of cropping pattern were prepared and these are presented in Figure 11. The cropping calendar was optimized in the simulation runs to determine the correct timing for starting the first crop to coincide when the reservoir is mostly at full supply level. The adopted cropping calendar for Stung Chinit is first crop of moderate rice variety (starts in May 15st) and second crop of early rice variety. For Taing Krasaing, first crop of early variety (starts in June 15st) and second crop of early rice variety.

8 PPTA, “ADB-CAM 8702 Mid-term Report:”




Figure 11: Optimized Cropping Calendar

64. The crop consumptive use was estimated using the crop coefficient and the monthly evaporation rate. The water needed for land soaking is assumed equal to 120 mm for the first crop and 100 mm for the second crop while a percolation rate of 2 mm was used in the computation. The water requirement is computed using the following equations:

FWR = (LS + LP + CU + Perc) – ER

IWR = FWR / OE

Where: FWR - Farm water requirement, mm LS - Land Soaking requirement (prior to land preparation), mm LP - Land Preparation requirement (evap. + percolation), mm CU - Crop Consumptive Use (Crop Coef. x Evap.), mm Perc - Percolation Losses (during crop maintenance), mm ER - Effective Rainfall (80 percent of Rainfall), mm OE - Overall Irrigation Efficiency (PPTA recommends 40 %) IWR - Irrigation Water Requirement, mm

65. The computed decadal water requirement is presented in Annex C.

3.5 Joint Reservoirs Schematic Diagram

66. To clearly show the overall setup of the JOROP infrastructure, a schematic flow diagram is presented in Figure 12. In the illustration, it will be noted that the command area of Stung Chinit is located on both abutments of the reservoir spillways. The main canals of Stung Chinit is designated as Left Main Canal (LMC) serving 7,000 ha while the Right Main Canal (RMC), also the Link Canal to Taing Krasaing reservoir, is serving a total area of 3,046 ha. Taing Krasaing is supplied by the Main Canal (TK-MC) and covers 9,869 ha. (Source: PPTA). It will be noted that the return flow is not used as a supplemental water source since these are all discharged on the downstream end of the command area. There is also no riparian flow considered in the diagram since the intermediate flow are sufficient to supply the need of the downstream water users. While for environmental flow release, excess inflows are discharge through the fish ramp at Stung Chinit Reservoir.




Water supply to the headworks of the RMC secondary canals will be cut off due to the high invert elevation of the intake compared to RMC canal bottom.

Figure 12: Schematic Flow Diagram of JOROP Plan

3.6 Reservoir Control Structures

67. The reservoir control structures are the outlets of the reservoir like spillway, sluiceway, headworks, etc. These control structure regulates the water released from the reservoir. For Stung Chinit reservoir, the main control structures are the 750 m long overflow spillway, fish pass and sluiceway, LMC (North) Head Regulator, RMC (South) Head Regulator and Link Canal Headgate. For Taing Krasaing reservoir, the main control structures are the 120 m long overflow spillway, two sluiceway and the MC Head Regulator.

68. The off-takes of the secondary canals were also checked if these are below the invert elevation of the head regulator (same level as the bottom of the main canal). This is crucial since it will determine whether water can still flow to the secondary canal when the MC water level is low. The Consultant checked the invert elevation of the off-takes of the secondary canal and generally found to be below that of the Head Regulator and at par with the main canal except for the off-takes along RMC. The invert elevations of the RMC off-takes secondary canals are at approximately elevation 15.0 m. The higher invert elevation of the off-takes may result to the reduction or cutoff the water supply to these areas during the dry season.

69. To see the influence of the control structure to the dam operation, a simple illustration is presented in Figure 13. For Stung Chinit, the minimum water surface elevation is taken as 13.10 m since this is the lowest level that water is delivered to the main canal (LMC). Although the invert level for RMC is lower at 12.10 m, its gates are always open and the invert elevations of the secondary canal off-takes are higher at elevation 15 m.




Figure 13: Schematic Section of the Reservoir and Control Structures

70. Based on the dam crest level and invert level of the head regulators, the range of reservoir operation is set as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Reservoir Operating Water Levels

Control Structures Elev. (m) Reservoir Setting

Stung Chinit Reservoir

Overflow Spillway – Crest Level 16.05 Normal WSL (FSL)

LMC Head Regulator - Invert Level 13.10 Minimum WSL

RMC Head Regulator - Invert Level 12.10 Always Open *

Link Canal Headgate – Invert Level 13.11 Control Transfer **

Taing Krasaing Reservoir

Overflow Spillway – Crest Level 16.34 Normal WSL (FSL)

MC Head Regulator – Crest Level 13.81 Minimum WSL

Note : * - Gates are always open except during flood condition. ** - Gates control the transfer of water from SC to TK. WSL - Water Surface Level, FSL- Full Supply Level

3.7 Model Computational Procedure

71. The planning or optimization model was prepared on EXCEL Worksheets and using the Excel VBA application to make the computation transparent and flexible. The basic concept of the planning model is a water balance of the inflow and outflow in the two reservoir systems. The water balance can be explained by the following equations:

Inflow – Outflow = Change in Storage

Storage (t) + Inflow (t) + Transbasin Qin (t) – Demand (t) – Transbasin Qout (t) = Storage (t+1)

Where: LSE is Left Side of Equation Condition 1 LSE > Normal Storage, Spill = Normal Storage – LSE Then Storage (t+1) = Normal Storage Condition 2 LSE < Min. Storage, Shortage= LSE – Min. Storage Then Storage (t+1) = Min. Storage Condition 3 Normal Storage > LSE and LSE > Min. Storage

Then Storage (t+1) = LSE




To balance the two reservoirs system, the water transfer elevation based on the Stung Chinit Reservoir level is optimized. Different water transfer elevations were simulated in the model and validated using the annual reliability for each reservoir until the number of shortages is about similar.

72. The basic water balance equation includes the transbasin inflow (e.g. Taing Krasaing) and transbasin outflow (e.g. Stung Chinit) when it is applicable. The reservoir simulation is done on 10-day time step or time interval. At each time step (t), the next storage (t+1) is computed following the 3 conditions. This computation is done for the whole simulation period of 19 years. The optimization will be executed on “cut and try” method and validated using the performance indicators like reliability and carryover period.

The balancing or joint operation of two reservoirs with considerable storage depth is generally done using the ratio of the storage capacities combined with annual average inflow. In the case of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing, the range of reservoir level is only 3 meters (Between Normal and Minimum Storage) and therefore, the ratio method cannot be applied. Instead, the joint operation is based on the water level at Stung Chinit and different transfer elevation were assumed until the reliability between the two reservoirs are at almost the same magnitude.

3.8 Performance Indicators

73. To measure or assess the performance of the reservoir operation, the most common parameter used is the Reliability. Reliability is defined as the ratio between the number of times the demand is provided and the total number of times the dam is operated and the unit of reliability is in percent. The simulation model computes both the monthly reliability and the annual reliability. For water supply and hydropower operation, the monthly reliability is generally adopted. For irrigation, the annual reliability is used since the crop production is on seasonal and annual basis.

74. In Cambodia, most of the existing irrigation system is operating with a minimum of 50 percent reliability or capable of supplying irrigation under average weather (climatic) condition. For the model simulation, a minimum of 50 percent reliability is adopted and also validated for a minimum of 80% reliability (moderate drought) to reduce the risk to the farmers.

75. Another performance indicator is the carryover period. This is the time duration of the reservoir is at full level to the next time it is again at full level. The maximum carryover period is between 12 months to 36 months. The longer the carryover period implies the less utilization of the higher storage levels. In the model simulation, the carryover period is limited to 24 months.

76. Beside the reliability and performance indicators, the fluctuations of the reservoir water levels are also plotted. The histograph of the reservoir water levels shows the pattern of reservoir drawdown and refill experienced by each reservoir.

3.9 Model Simulation Runs

77. The model simulation was done for the following conditions

Case 1 - Without Project Condition (without JOROP) Case 2 - With JOROP plan and 40 percent irrigation efficiency Case 3 - With JOROP plan and 50 percent irrigation efficiency Case 4 - With JOROP plan and TK main canal storage considered.

3.9.1 Case 1 – Without Project Condition

78. The objective of Case 1 simulation is to determine the baseline data on the present condition when the two reservoirs are not operated together. Case 1 was also used to optimize the cropping calendar. The baseline data will be used in ensuring the there will be minimal impact to Stung Chinit when water is transferred to Taing Krasaing. The operation data and performance indicators are presented in the following tables:




Case 1-A Stung Chinit Reservoir

Storage Levels and Capacities

Normal WL 16.05 m Normal Storage 19.4 mcm

Minimum WL 13.10 m Minimum Storage 0.0 mcm

Irrigable Area and Crop Planted

Wet Season Dry Season

LMC (Medium Rice) 7,000 ha LMC (Early Rice) 4,000 ha

RMC (Medium Rice) 3,046 ha RMC (Early Rice) 450 ha

Performance Indicators

Annual Reliability 72.2 % Max. Annual Shortage 41.9 %

Carryover Period 25 months Year Max. Shortage 2015

Case 1-B Stung Chinit Reservoir











Case 1-C Taing Krasaing Reservoir






TKMC (Medium Rice) 5,000 ha TKMC (Early Rice) none




3.9.2 Case 2 – With JOROP Plan and 40% Irrigation Efficiency

79. The objective of Case 2 simulation is to set the rate of water transfer from Stung Chinit to Taing Krasaing using the water level at Stung Chinit. As much as possible the number of shortages and reliability should be about the same for both reservoirs. The first table is based on 200 percent cropping intensity for Taing Krasaing as determined in the PPTA report. The Second table is based on higher reliability close to 80%.

Case 2-A JOROP of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing and 40 % Efficiency

* Stung Chinit Reservoir * Transfer Elevation 15.5 m














* Taing Krasaing Reservoir *






TKMC (Medium Rice) 9,869 ha TKMC (Early Rice) 9,869 ha




Case 2-B JOROP of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing and 40 % Irrig. Efficiency






















3.9.3 Case 3 – With JOROP Plan and 50 Percent Irrigation Efficiency

80. The objective of Case 3 simulation is to validate the effect of improvement in the irrigation efficiency from 40 to 50%. The operation data and performance indicators are presented in the following tables:

Case 3 JOROP of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing and 50 % Irrig. Efficiency

























3.9.4 Case 4 – With JOROP Plan and TK Main Canal Storage Considered

81. The objective of Case 4 simulation is to consider the effect of using the TK main canal storage together with a 40 percent irrigation efficiency. The surplus main canal storage was computed and found to be about 416,000 cu.m and is only equivalent to 4.2 mm spread over the 9,869 ha command area. The operation data and performance indicators are presented in the following tables.

Case 4 JOROP of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing with TK MC Storage


















TKMC (Medium Rice) 9,869 ha TKMC (Early Rice) 7,000







3.10 Reservoir Rule Curve

82. The planning model was reconfigured to undertake the derivation of the Reservoir Rule Curve for Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing. The reservoir rule curve is a set of regulations or guidelines, which limit of the size of the command area that can be irrigated if the reservoir is below normal storage level at the start of the cropping season. This limitation will save the farmers from the risk of crop failure due to insufficient irrigation supply later on in the crop season.

83. The optimization model will be run only for a selected probable drought year based on the annual runoff (generally with 20-year return period). Streamflow and irrigation demand data will consist of 12 to 24 months, which is the usual recovery period for the reservoir operation. For each pre-selected starting reservoir level (below Normal storage), the model is run to determine the reservoir drawdown and refill cycle for various irrigation demand and considering that the water level does not reach the reservoir bottom. Using this procedure, a reservoir operation rule curve can be created.

84. The reservoir rule curve was derived independently for Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing for the selected drought period based on year 2005. The analyses show that the critical duration is at the start of the first crop season only and there is no need to restrict the crop area during the second crop season when the crop area is smaller. Figures 14 and 15 shows the result of the rule curve analyses.

Figure 14: Stung Chinit Reservoir Rules for First Crop Area

First Crop Season Area

Elev M Area, ha16.0 10,04615.5 8,60015.0 7,10014.5 6,50014.0 5,500

Elevation - Storage Curves

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0 5 10 15 20

Storage (mcm)

Ele

v (

m)

5,500 ha.

6,500 ha.

7,100 ha.

8,600 ha.

10,046 ha.




Figure 15: Taing Krasaing Reservoir Rules for First Crop Area

3.11 Results and Findings

85. The results of the simulation runs using the planning model is presented in Annex D and summarized in Table 4.

Table 4: Summary of Results of Planning Model Simulation

Case No. 1 2 3 4

Descriptions Independent Reservoirs

JOROP with 40 % Irrg Eff

JOROP with 50 % Irrg Eff

JOROP with MC storage

Stung Chnit Command Area (hectares)

10,046 (1st)

1,450 (2nd)

10,046 (1st)

1,450 (2nd)

10,046 (1st)

1,450 (2nd)

10,046 (1st)

1,450 (2nd)

Annual Reliability (%) 77.72 72.22 77.78 72.22

Taing Krasaing Command Area (hectares.)

5.000 (1st)

None (2nd)

9,869 (1st)

7,000 (2nd)

9,869 (1st)

9,000 (2nd)

9,869 (1st)

7,000 (2nd)

Annual Reliability (%) 94.74 52.04 63.16 52.63

86. For Case 1 - the pre-project total command area of Stung Chinit is 10,046 ha for the first crop season and 1,450 ha for the second crop season and these can be sufficiently supplied with a reliability of 77.2%. The second crop area is only an estimate since there is no information available, however, the FWUC stated that most farmers does not want to plant a second rice crop due to the low market price after the main harvest in November. The above 70% reliability for Stung Chinit will be maintained in the joint reservoir operation to safeguard the interest of the present water users. In the case of Taing Krasaing reservoir, the pre-project command area is only 4,000 ha with no second crop and these can be reliably supplied by the existing irrigation system.

87. For Case 2 – the joint reservoir operation simulation was used to estimate the water transfer elevation from Stung Chinit to Taing Krasaing and to validate two scenarios for Taing Krasaing Irrigation System. Scenario 1 - adopted a crop area of 9,869 ha and a 200% cropping intensity for Taing Krasaing as assumed in the PPTA study. The result of the simulation run shows a very low annual reliability of 10.53% or most of the years there will be shortages in water supply. Scenario 1 is deemed not acceptable.

First Crop Season Area

Elev M Area, ha16.3 9,86915.5 9,86915.0 6,90014.5 4,50014.0 2,000

Elevation - Storage Curves

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Storage (mcm)

Ele

v (

m)

2,000 ha.

4,500 ha.

6,900 ha.

9,869 ha.




The average year command area for Taing Krasaing is estimated at 9,869 ha for the first crop and 7,000 ha for the second crop with 40 % irrigation efficiency. If efficiency is increased to 50 %, second crop area will increase to 9,000 ha.

88. For Scenario 2, the same crop area of 9,869 hectares was used but the second crop was reduced until the reliability is about 50%. The 50% (equal to the average) is normally the reliability adopted for existing irrigation system in Cambodia. The result shows a second crop area of 7,000 hectares can be reliably attained. For both scenarios, the optimum water transfer elevation is 15.5 m (this is the reservoir level at Stung Chinit to open the control gate at Taing Krasaing Reservoir).

89. For Case 3 - this simulation was used to determine the effect of increasing the irrigation efficiency from 40 to 50%. The result shows that the second crop area of Taing Krasaing will increase from 7,000 ha (Case 2) to 9,000 ha or a cropping intensity of 91%. Increasing the irrigation efficiency is a good strategy to increase the area without significant capital cost.

90. For Case 4 – the effect of the main canal storage to the water supply was verified. The required water depth for the Main Canal discharge of 14 cumec is 1.4 m while the total Main Canal depth based on the spillway crest elevation is 2.84 m. The difference of 1.44 m is the available surcharge depth. The total length of the main canal is about 10,300 m and this will yield total surcharge storage equal to 416,000 cu.m. This surcharge volume, when divided by the total command area of 9,869 hectares, will produce an equivalent depth of only 4.2 mm. This amount was deducted to the irrigation water requirement for the first 10-day. The simulation run shows no effect or contribution to the supply of water of Taing Krasaing.

91. The reservoir rule analyses were able to determine the recommended first crop season area based on the water stored in the reservoir. The two simple illustrations in Figures 14 and 15 show the relationship between the reservoir water elevation and the recommended first crop season area. This will be used in the JOROP operation to plan the area to be covered at the beginning of the first crop-planting season.

92. In conclusion, the planning or optimization model was used to determine the following operational parameters:

a) Validated the Design Command Area Stung Chinit First Crop – 10, 046 ha. 2nd Crop – 1,450 ha. Taing Krasaing First Crop – 9,869 ha 2nd Crop – 7,000 ha. b) Transfer Elevation for Opening the Taing Krasaing Control Gate Chinit Reservoir Elevation of 15.5 meters c) Set the first crop area using the reservoir level rules

See Figures 14 and 15

4. JOROP OPERATION MODEL

93. The Joint Reservoir Operation (JOROP) Model is a water management tool to facilitate the operations of the two reservoirs system and their respective command areas. The JOROP Model will provide the irrigation scheduling data to be used on the day-to-day actual operation such as information on irrigated areas, crop stage, discharges, canal water levels, gate opening and others. The operation model will be prepared using the Excel VBA application and will be menu driven.

4.1 Purpose of Operation Model

94. The purpose of the Operation Model are as follows:

To setup the pre-season cropping calendar.

To organize each command area of the two irrigation systems into sections to serve as basic unit area for delivery of irrigation.water.




To determine the planting schedule for each unit area.

To compute the canal discharges and control gate openings regulating the flow to the each unit area.

To compute the remaining reservoir storage capacity of the two reservoirs at the end of each weekly irrigation cycle.

In case of expected deficit in water supply, prepare an irrigation schedule to conserve water.

Assess the performance of the reservoir operation at the end of each crop season.

4.2 JOROP Model Conceptual Diagram

95. The JOROP operation model consists of four main components and these are the database, menu driven input module, screen display or print output module, and analyses and processing module. Each module will be divided into worksheets to manage related data or processes. The worksheet may include popup menus for data input or messages.

4.3 Model Processing Diagram

96. The operation model processing is computed for 7-days periods or weekly cycle. The user can select the start of the weekly cycle, normally based on the time needed for coordination and action. The default start of the weekly cycle is Monday. The model will compute the 7-days crop stage, irrigation demand, canal discharge and gate opening. After computing the daily schedule, the user can adjust the gate opening depending on the weather or other condition. At the end of the week cycle, water balance of each reservoir storage will be performed and this will be adopted for the next week scheduling cycle. To illustrate the processing steps, the model processing diagram is shown in Figure 16.

OFFTAKE DATA - OFFTAKE ID

INPUT - EDITING - CROP PATTERN

- PHYSICAL SERVICE AREA

- SOIL TYPE, PERCOLATION RATE

CROPPING DATA - EFFECTIVE. RAINFALL COEF.

INPUT - EDITING IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

- IRRIGATION SECTOR GROUP

INFORMATIONS

Created by RMM - Oct 2016

OTHER

- CANAL SECTION / REGULATOR

GROUP

- PLANTED OR IRRIGATED AREA

DISPLAY

GATE OPENING

DISPLAY

DISPLAY

OFFTAKES

DISCHARGES

FOR DISPLAY

INFORMATION

DISPLAY

REGULATOR

COMPUTATION

CANAL DATA

Monday to Sunday

Week End (Monday)

USING MS EXCEL VBA

DATA BASE

OFFTAKES MASTERFILE COMPUTATION

COMPUTATION

COMPUTATION

DISCHARGES

CANAL DATA

MENU

Tuesday to Monday

MENU

MENU

IRRIG. SCHEDULE

& SUSPENSION

INPUT - EDITING

INPUT - EDITING

JOROP CONCEPTUAL SETUP

ANALYSES AND

PROCESSING

MENU AND

DISPLAYS

MENU

WEEKLY GATE

OPERATION SCHEDULE

BALANCE CALC

WEEKLY WATER

REQUIREMENT

RESERVOIR WATER




Figure 16: Operation Model Process Flowchart

4.4 Sector Data File

97. The command area is divided into basic unit or area of operation for water delivery called Sector. Each sector is composed of several irrigation blocks (supplied by tertiary canal) and the delivery of water is controlled by either a cross regulator or headwork of the secondary canal. The subdivision of the command area into sectors were done for Taing Krasaing, Stung Chinit – Left Main Canal and Stung – Chinit Right Main Canal and these are presented in Figures 17, 18 and 19.

Figure 17: Layout of Taing Krasaing Sectors




Figure 18: Layout of Stung Chinit – Left Main Canal Sectors

Figure 19: Layout of Stung Chinit – Right Main Canal Sectors

98. Setting the command area of each sector is very difficult since there is no available data on the actual area covered by each secondary canal. It is even more difficult to get data on the command area of Stung Chinit and the controlling structures. The boundary of each sector was also checked using the Google Earth satellite image. The irrigation sector will be adjusted/updated later based on the feedback from the PDWRAM and FWUC during the presentation and implementation phases.

99. The screenshot of the Sector Data Worksheet is shown in Figure 20 and the data and information contained include of the following:

Sector Identification – ID Code Reservoir Source




Location / Village Sector Command Area in Hectares Irrigation Control Structure (Cross-Regulator or SC Offtake) Control Structure ID Code (Preset in Model) Crop Pattern ID Code (drop list of available crop type) Sector Barchart of Cropping Calendar Start of Planting (Month and day)

Figure 20: Screenshot of Sector Data Worksheet

4.5 Crop Data File

100. Different rice crop varieties were found to be planted in the Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing command area. For the first crop (rainy season), the moderate maturity variety is planted in the Stung Chinit with a duration of 5 to 6 months. While for Taing Krasaing command area, PPTA study recommended the early maturity variety with duration of 90 to 100 days. During the dry season, the early maturity variety is recommended to conserve the available water supply up to the harvest period.

101. The screen shot of the Crop Data Worksheet is shown in Figure 21 and the data and information contained include the following:

Cropping Pattern Code Crop type and variety Season Planted Farm Operation Duration Crop Growth Duration Crop Stage Code Crop Stages (e.g. Land soaking, Land preparation, etc) Crop Coefficient (Kc) or ratio of crop evapotranspiration to pan evap. Land Soaking Requirement (in mm) Initial Irrigation Requirement after Broadcasting (in mm)




Figure 21: Screenshot of Crop Data Worksheet

4.6 Hydromet Data File

102. The hydromet data required in computing the water irrigation requirement are daily rainfall data and monthly average evaporation data. The daily rainfall data covers 365 days and have 3 sets representing a wet year, an average year and a dry year. The 3 sets of daily rainfall was derived from the historical data of Kampong Thom rainfall station. The wet and dry year daily rainfall data have a 5-year return period.

103. The other data included in the Hydromet Data Worksheet are the weekly average inflow of Taing Krasaing and Stung Chinit, which will be used in the reservoir water balance computation. Figure 22 is a screenshot of the Hydromet Data Worksheet.

Figure 22: Screenshot of Hydromet Data Worksheet




4.7 Canal Data File

104. The canal data file covers the main canals of Stung Chinit and Taing Krasaing and the link canal. The canal data will be used in determining the main canal discharge and water depth, which are then needed in computing the gate opening of the head regulator, cross regulator and off-takes of secondary canals.

105. A screenshot of the Canal Data Worksheet is shown in Figure 23 and the canal data includes the following:

Canal Reach ID Location or Village Start and End Stationing Canal Bottom Elevation (m) Canal Bottom Width (m) Canal Side Slope Canal Bottom Longitudinal Slope Manning “n” Coefficient

Figure 23: Screenshot of Canal Data Worksheet

4.8 Gates Data File

106. The configuration of all the gates required in the operation and distribution of water are listed in the Gate Data Worksheet. Figure 24 shows a screenshot of the Gate Data Worksheet and this contains the following data:

Gate Structure ID Stationing of Location Type of Control Gate (e.g. Rectangular Orifice or Vertical Slide ) Sector being controlled by Gate Structure. Upstream Invert Elevation of Gate Structure Upstream Crown Elevation of Gate Structure Downstream Invert Elevation of Gate Structure Gate Width (m) Coefficient of Discharge




Controlling Channel (upstream and downstream)

Figure 24: Screenshot of the Gate Data Worksheet

4.9 7-Days Irrigation Demand Output

107. The 7-days Irrigation Demand Worksheet is the first of four outputs for operation model. This output displays the results of the irrigation water requirement computation for each sector for the 7-days irrigation schedule (Monday- Sunday). The Irrigation Water Requirement is computed using the following equations:

IWR(t) = LP(w) + IP(w) + KC(w) *.Evap(m) + Perc – ERain

ERain = [ Rain(t)+Rain(t-1)+Rain(t-2) ] / 3

IWR(t) => Min IWR

Where: IWR(t) - Irrigation Water Requirement in mm/day LP(w) - Land Preparation Requirement in mm/day IP(w) - Initial Ponding after broadcasting oisr sowing in mm/day KC(w) - Crop Coefficient or ratio between ETrans and Pan Evap. Perc - Percolation Rate (mm/day) Erain - Effective Rainfall (mm/day) Min IWR - Minimum Irrigation Water Requirement Rain() - Daily Rainfall for day t, t-1, t-2 t - day (e.g. 1 to 365) w - week (e.g. 1 to 54) m - month (e.g. 1 to 12)

108. Generally, the irrigation water requirement is computed using a water balance to take into account the paddy storage. However, this method will be difficult to undertake since it will require an uninterrupted accounting of the inflow, outflow and storage capacity. If there is a gap in the daily computation, the last storage will become incorrect. For the operational model, the effective rainfall (Erain) was applied to account for the effect of paddy storage and this was computed as 3 days moving average of antecedent rainfall. Furthermore, since the daily rainfall data is considered predicted values based on historical records, a minimum irrigation water requirement (min IWR) is adopted in the computation.




109. Figure 25 shows the 7-days Irrigation Demand Worksheet. Take note of the “START” button on the upper right corner, when press, opens the JOROP Start Menu. The Start Menu contains the input box for inputting the starting date of the 7-day run schedule and the selected weather condition (dry, average or wet). After pressing “RUN”, the program will compute all output worksheets.

Figure 25: Screenshot of Daily Irrigation Demand Worksheet

4.10 7-Days Canal Output

110. The second output of the operation model is the “7-Days Canal Worksheet”. The 7-day discharges and canal water depths along the main canals and link canal is presented in the worksheet. The canal discharge will be computed for each sector using the irrigation water requirement and the command area of the sector. These are then accumulated at the location of each cross-regulator (control structure).

111. Figure 26 shows the screenshot of 7-days canal discharge worksheet. The canal data is still being compiled and the entries are still incomplete. The original canal sections were typically trapezoidal but have been deformed due to scouring, sediment deposition, and erosion. However, to simplify the computation, a trapezoidal shape is used and the water depth of the canal is computed using the Manning Equation given below.

Q = 1/n A R ⅔ S½

Where: Q - Discharge in cm n - Manning Roughness Coefficient A - Canal Flow Area (sqm) R - Hydraulic Radius (m) S - Slope of canal bottom




Figure 26: Screenshot of the Daily Canal Discharge Worksheet

4.11 7-Days Gate Opening Output

112. The main output of the operation Model is the gate opening. The gate opening will be controlled by the upstream and downstream water level of the main canal and the discharge of the covered sectors. The cross regulator for the main canal are the vertical slide gate type while the off-takes of the secondary canals are rectangular orifice. The hydraulic equation to be applied used in computing the discharge will depend on the condition downstream and these are given in the following equations:

Weir Formula:

a) Free Flow

Assuming zero approach velocity.

________ Q = C1 a B √ 2g (Ho-a)

Where: Q - Discharge in cm C1 - Discharge Coefficient (use 0.65) a - Height of the weir opening in m B - Width of the weir opening in m g - Gravitational Acceleration (9.81 m/s2) Ho - Upstream water depth to Invert Elevation in meters

CROSS REGULATOR

a

ho

Ho

v2/2g

C1a




b) Submerge Weir

Assuming zero approach velocity.

__________ Q = C2 a B √ 2g (Ho-H1)

Where: Q - Discharge in cm C2 - Discharge Coefficient (from figure below) a - Height of the weir opening in m B - Width of the weir opening in m g - Gravitational Acceleration (9.81 m/s2) Ho - Upstream water depth to Invert Elevation in meters H1 - Downstream water depth to Invert Elevation in meters

Discharge Coefficient - C2, for Submerge Weir (by Henry)

Orifice Formula

a) Freeflow

Assuming zero approach velocity. _________

Q = C1 a B √ 2g (Ho - a)

CROSS REGULATOR

a

ho

Ho

v2/2g

(Ho-h1)

h1

OFF-TAKE

v2/2g

a

ho

Ho

Ho-a





b) Weir Flow

Assuming zero approach velocity ___

Q = C2 a B √ 2g Ho2/3


113. To simplify the operation of the gates, the gate opening will be opened in increment of one fourth or by quadrant (0 – Close, 1 – one fourth open, 2 – one haft open, 3 – three fourth open and 4 – Full open. Figure 27 shows the screenshot of the 7-Days Gate Opening Output.

Figure 27: Screenshot of 7-Days Gate Opening Worksheet

OFF-TAKE

Ho




4.12 Weekly Reservoir Water Balance Output

114. The last output of the operation model is the “end of the week” reservoir water balance computation. The water balance is performed to determine the reservoir water level for the next 7-day cycle using the predicted or actual inflow and irrigation demand. Figure 28 shows the screenshot of the weekly reservoir water balance worksheet. The reservoir water balance is represented by the following equation:

Inflow – Outflow = Change in Storage

Storage (t) + Inflow(t) + Transbasin Qin(t) – Demand(t) – Transbasin Qout(t) = Storage (t+1)

Where: LSE is Left Side of Equation Condition 1 LSE > Normal Storage, Spill = Normal Storage – LSE Then Storage (t+1) = Normal Storage Condition 2 LSE < Min. Storage, Shortage= LSE – Min. Storage Then Storage (t+1) = Min. Storage Condition 3 Normal Storage > LSE and LSE > Min. Storage Then Storage (t+1) = LSE

Figure 28: Screenshot of Reservoir Water Balance Worksheet

4.13 JOROP Implementation Strategy

115. The implementation of JOROP plan was formulated considering the present operation setup of the Stung Chinit and the results of the interview with the PDWRAM and the FWUC. The implementation strategy will involve three phases, namely:

Phase I - Weekly Operation for All Gates Operations Duration of Phase 1 will be one crop season. Organize the irrigation system into Sectors. Designate the sector leader responsible in controlling the control gates. Pre-Season Meeting to agree on start of planting and command area. Weekly Schedule of Gate Opening based on crop stage.




Weekly gate opening for Main Canal and Secondary Canals Suspension of Irrigation during rainy days. Weekly Meeting between PDWRAM and FWUC

Phase 2 - Weekly Operation Using JOROP Plan Duration of Phase 2 will be one crop season. Pre-Season Meeting to agree on start of planting and command area. Weekly Schedule of Gate Opening using JOROP Operation Model. Weekly gate opening for Main Canal and Secondary Canals. Suspension of Irrigation during rainy days. Weekly Meeting between PDWRAM and FWUC

Phase 3 - Daily Operation Using JOROP Plan Duration of Phase 3 will be one crop season. Pre-Season Meeting to agree on start of planting and command area. 7-day Schedule of Gate Opening using JOROP Operation Model. Daily gate opening for Main Canal and Secondary Canals. Suspension of Irrigation during rainy days. Weekly Meeting between PDWRAM and FWUC Post-season Evaluation of irrigation operation.

116. The procedure to be followed in implementing the JOROP plan will cover the following activities:

Pre-Season Planning – This will be done 30 days before the proposed start of the first crop season. A walk-through of the irrigation canals will be conducted by FWUC to identify any problem such as gate malfunction, leakage in the canals and others. Any problem found will be acted by the FWUC or reported to PDWRAM for possible countermeasures. A survey of farmers will be conducted to firmup the size of the command area of each sector that is proposed for irrigation and the preferred start of the planting period. A meeting between PDWRAM and FWUC will be held to finalize the season operational plan to include the starting dates of land preparation for each sector and size of each sector area. Each sector leader will also be reminded of their responsibility in controlling the gates and monitoring the distribution of water.

In-Season Operation and Monitoring – This will cover the irrigation period from land preparation to harvest. The sector leader will regulate the gate opening depending on the JOROP gate opening output for the 7-days period. The sector leader may make adjustment based on actual crop stage, request of farmers and weather condition. If there is significant rainfall, irrigation should be suspended depending on the amount of rainfall. The FWUC or PDWRAM will assign personnel to collect Hydromet data, reservoir level data and flow measurement data. The FWUC will also address any problem on the water distribution and minor repair of the canals.

Post-Season Evaluation – This will be done at the end of the first and second crop season. The daily hydromet data, reservoir water levels and gate opening versus measured discharges will be compiled and used to prepare discharge rating curves of the canals and head gates. The data will also be used to compute performance of the reservoir such as reliability and water application efficiency.

Emergency Action Plan – A contingency plan in case of drought, flood or sudden disruption in the operation of the system will be included in the JOROP plan. This will be prepared in the later part of the implementation.




4.14 User’s Manual and Training

117. Two kinds of training will be conducted to instruct the end-users (PDWRAM and FWUC) on how to implement the JOROP management plan. A 3-days classroom type technical training will be conducted to discuss the concepts and mechanics of the JOROP operation model and how to run the model. The selected staff of MOWRAM and PDWRAM will be the participants of the technical training and these participants will be those who will be involved in the actual implementation of JOROP.

118. The second training will be a combination of presentations, open forums and field demonstrations to be attended by the PDWRAM and FWUC. Presentation will be less technical with plenty of illustrations. The open forum will allow the interaction between the Consultant, PDWRAM, and FWUC. The second training will be done after the FWUC of Taing Krasaing has been organized.

4.15 Test Run and Validation

119. During the Phase 1 of the JOROP implementation, the Consultant will undertake the test run of the JOROP operation model to validate the parameters adopted in the model and these will include the following:

Boundaries and area of each Sectors Discharge Rating Curve of the Main Canals Discharge Rating Curve of the Gate Structures Actual Farming Practices (crop varieties, crop stage, and durations) Other information that will be helpful in the actual operation.

5. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

120. The planning model was able to establish the reservoir operation policies required in the joint operation of the two reservoirs and these are:

When and how much a water to transfer to Taing Krasaing Maximum irrigable area for each reservoir system. How much command area to plant in case of low reservoir water level.

121. The assessment of the present capability of PDWRAM and FWUC shows that there is minimal water management being practiced. However, PDWRAM and FWUC of Stung Chinit are willing to improve the water management using the JOROP plan.

122. PDWRAM may require some support in terms of additional personnel to undertake the JOROP plan, especially, in shifting from the weekly to daily monitoring and operation.

123. The FWUC of Taing Krasaing is still in the process of formation and there is no definite date this will be completed. There is also no FWUC organized in the Stung Chinit Left Main Canal and it will be difficult to implement JOROC without the support of a framers organization. The issue of organizing a FWUC or alternative arrangement will be discussed with MOWRAM.

124. The command area of Stung Chinit Left Main Canal was found to be bigger than those reported in the ADB Study and likewise, by PDWRAM. According to PDWRAM, the area is 7,000 hectares while the delineation using the Google Earth image shows an area of about 19,000 hectares. The Consultant will recheck the discrepancy in the command area of the Left Main Canal.

125. The farmers in the Stung Chinit area are planting moderate variety of rice that takes 4 to 5 months to mature and this requires more water than the early variety being proposed for Taing Krasaing. It may be necessary to coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture or CARDI to introduce or promote the use of early maturity variety.

APPENDIX 13:

QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENT PROGRESS REPORT

APPENDIX 13: SECOND QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT Page 1



Second Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report (QEMR No. 2)

July-September 2017

CAMBODIA: UPLANDS IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT

ADB Loan 3289–CAM

October 2017




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Annexes .............................................................................................................................. 2

A. PROJECT PROGRESS ..................................................................................................... 3

B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .................................................................................... 3

C. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................. 4

D. MONITORING RESULTS .................................................................................................. 4

E. REQUIREMENTS COMPLIED WITH EMP ........................................................................ 6

List of Tables

Number Title Page

1 Physical Project Progress and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Budget .... 3

2 Schedule of Environmental Monitoring by PMIC ..................................................... 4

3 Environmental Institutional Capacity Building and Training Implementation Status .............................................................................. 6

4 Follow-up Actions on the Environmental Problems Identified in the Last Reporting Period ............................................................................................. 6

5 Environmental Problems Identified in this Reporting Period and Proposed Improvement .......................................................................................... 8

List of Annexes

Number Title

1 List of Participants 2 Pictorial Record of Safeguard Activities in TK and PC




Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project

ADB Loan 3289 – CAM [SF]

SECOND QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT (QEMR No. 2) July–September 2017

1. This report relates to the EMP implementation of 5 packages namely; Taing Krasang Main Canal (CW-01), Chroab (CW-03), Koh Koah (CW-04), Prek Chik Package I (CW-07) and Prek Chik Package II (CW-08) and covers the period July to September 2017. It also discusses progress, issues and concerns encountered and suggested solutions. Environmental monitoring during construction is monitored to ensure that the proposed mitigation measure of EMP in IEE report have been implemented by relevant stakeholder, particularly the contractor. This monitoring will be evaluated on compliance of contractor’s environmental performance on applicable EMP.

A. PROJECT PROGRESS

2. Table 1 shows the summary of the periodic and cumulative progress of work by the contractors from July to September 2017 for contract packages CW01, CW03, CW04, CW06 and CW07 and CW08.

Table 1: Physical Project Progress and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) Budget

No. Contract

No. Subproject

Name Contract Award

As of 30 September 2017 EMP Budget in

the Contract

(USD)

Overall Accomplishment

(%)

EMP

Accomplishment (%)

Cost

(USD)

1 CW01 TK Main Canal

12,007,216.78

88.38 - - 124,100

2 CW03 Chroab 1,938,956.89 62.43 - - 10,000

3 CW04 Korkoah 5,879,592.80 76.995 - - 16,000

4 CW05 O Kra Ngak NA NA NA NA NA

5 CW06 Prek Chik

Main Canal 5,421,752.97 100 100 41,450 41,450

6 CW07 Prek Chik Package 1

5,542,927.18 12.3 0.03 900 30,000

7 CW08 Prek Chik Package 2

4,365,728.38 22.51 0.04 3,000 30,000

Note: EMP cost for CW01, CW03, and CW04 are not available for the reporting period, and EMP cost of other packages are just proposed, not yet approved.

Source: PMIC, September 2017.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

3. Environmental monitoring is being done by the Project Management and Implementation Consultant (PMIC) and by the contractors themselves. PMIC field staff monitor the activities regularly and submit monthly progress reports. Each contractor fills in the environmental checklist, which is integrated into the monthly project progress report and then forwarded to PMIC. In addition, site inspection are conducted every 3-month using the same environmental checklist.

4. The Environment Specialist conducted a field to all sites in September 2017 as given in Table 2.




Table 2: Schedule of Environmental Monitoring by PMIC

No. Subproject As of September 2017

1 Taing Krasaing (CW01) 26 September 2017

2 Chroab (CW03) 27 September 2017

3 Kor Koah (CW04) 27 September 2017

4 PC Main Canal (CW06) Completion

5 Prek Chik Package I (CW07) 28 September 2017

6 Prek Chik Package II (CW08) 29 September 2017

5. The main environmental monitoring tasks during site inspection were:

(i) Review of available reports, e.g., monthly progress reports; (ii) Site verification, observation, informal interviews (if necessary), and photo

documentation of activities; (iii) Consulting with local people, (iv) Use of monitoring checklist contained in the EMP; and (v) Modification of the checklist, if necessary.

C. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, DISCLOSURE, AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

6. Public Consultation. Investigations were carried out among surrounding residents of the packages during the reporting period.

7. Grievance Records and Resolution. No complaint had been received during the reporting period since the project benefits the public and is widely supported.

D. MONITORING RESULTS

4.1. EMP Implementation

8. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures refer to construction impacts, which are common to these subprojects (CW01, CW03, CW04, CW06, CW07, and CW08), which require earth works, soil stabilization, dust and noise control, as well as management of the impacts from machinery operation, transport and handling of materials, and domestic needs of the workforce.

4.2. Wastewater

9. Wastewater is produced from the maintenance and cleaning of mechanical equipment and vehicles, maintenance water for mixing and curing concrete and lost water and soil during the construction period, which are discharged as pollutants. The effluent, comprised mainly of inorganic wastewater, commonly contains no poisonous and harmful substances, except suspended solids, but if discharged in an improper manner, still have the potential to impact on

Photo taken: Sept 2017 Photo taken: Sept 2017 Photo taken: Sept 2017

Consultations with local people regarding disturbance of CW-01

construction activity








existing water bodies. Some oil-containing wastewater can arise from machinery repair. During site inspection, wastewater produced from construction activity had not been discharged to water source. Since the contractor using small mixing machine at any concrete site, sedimentation tanks were equipped to keep wastewater from cleaning equipment.

10. The construction camps from worker were equipped with septic tanks to treat wastewater and 2-chamber sediment tanks to treat wastewater and process water respectively before discharge, except CW08.

4.3. Air quality from construction equipment

11. Construction machinery on sites consume petrol and diesel, releasing gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrous oxide (NOx). Therefore in the construction phase, all construction machinery were maintained regularly and lubricants were changed on schedule to reduce air quality pollution.

4.4. Dust

12. Each contract had at least one water truck for spraying water to suppress dust in unpaved areas and haul roads at least three times per day and more frequent during dry weather and windy days. Transporting construction material was handle by supplied while soil transporting was carried within the project site.

4.5. Noise impact on sensitive receivers

13. Excavated spoil and backfill materials were transported during day time on existing roads and avoiding densely populated areas. No noisy construction works such as piling or blasting was carried out at night. Night time construction noise was strictly controlled.

4.6. Demolition waste

14. Waste from the demolition of un-repairable sluice and gate structures had been re-used by local community. Metal parts, including pumps and pipes, had been broken up and sold to scrap metal merchants.

4.7. Impacts on Local Cultural Sites

15. During construction, the local cultural sites (including shrines and graves) had been kept clear of construction material and protected from dust and other disturbances. Access to these sites had not been impeded and the disturbed surroundings had been restored. In addition, during designed stage, the canal alignment was designed to avoid local cultural sites. In the construction phase, through CME/PMIC supervision, no local cultural site has been disturbed.

4.8. Occupational Health and safety

16. During site inspection, all workers and other staff were engaged in a safe environment due to contractor arrange camps site where are located to the construction site. The toilets were also provided in main camp site. Personal protection equipment were also provided while site environmental health and safety plan was prepared (CW07, CW08, CW03, and CW04).

4.9. Environmental Institutional Capacity Building and Training

17. Table 3 presents the on-job training conducted in the reporting period. Photographs for selected training and list of participants are presented in Annex 1.




Table 3: Environmental Institutional Capacity Building and Training Implementation Status

Stage Training Course Participants Training

Place Date

Construction stage – Kompong Thom province

- Environment, Health, and Safety

- EMP Implementation problem and other environmental concern

- Environmental monitoring and Reporting

2 PMIC staff in Kompong thom

2 staff from CW01 contract company

3 staff from CW03 and CW04 construction staff

PMIC office Kompong Thom

26 Sept 2017

Construction stage – Battambang province

- Environment, Health, and Safety

- EMP Implementation problem and other environmental concern

- Environmental monitoring and Reporting

2 PMIC staff in Battambong

4 staff from CW07 contract company

1 staff from CW08 construction staff

1 staff from PMU in Battambong

PMIC office in Prek Chik, Battambong province

27 Sept 2017

18. Two trainings were conducted; 1 training for subproject in Kampong Thom province and other 1 training for subproject in Battambong province. The training purpose is to ensure all parties; PMU, PMIC, and contractor who are working at the project site understand and know about implementing EMP, monitoring, and reporting related to environmental protection.

E. REQUIREMENTS COMPLIED WITH EMP

19. Site inspections during the reporting period was done from 26 – 29 September 2017. Corrective measures of the last reporting and the identified environmental problems were shows in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively.

Table 4: Follow-up Actions on the Environmental Problems Identified in the Last Reporting Period

Packages

Environmental Problems Identified in the last reporting

period and necessary corrective measures

Follow-up inspections in the reporting period

Implemented Description/Photos

CW01-Taing Krasang Main Canal

No proper toilet and bathroom set up for construction workers (for both men and women) with proper septic tanks. Contractors set up sanitary toilets and proper maintenance shall be performed to ensure that no wastewater is leaked into the nearby natural reservoirs.

Yes Contractor set up one toilet at spillway (CW01).

CW04-KorKoh Yes Toilet was set up where is nearby the workers camps site.




Packages

Environmental Problems Identified in the last reporting

period and necessary corrective measures

Follow-up inspections in the reporting period

Implemented Description/Photos

CW07-PC1 Yes Toilet was set up at contractor office, workshops.

CW01-Taing Krasang main canal

There are scatters of solid waste seen on sites without proper rubbish bins provided. Contractors of all camp sites of the packages will take proper actions to clean up and proper manage the solid waste.

Yes At spillway, contractor collected all construction waste.

CW04-Korkoh Yes Contractor provide plastic bag and encourage worker to collect all domestic waste.

CW07-PC1 Yes Contractor rent a house as office and other local people house for workshop. All domestic waste was collected and disposed by house owner.

CW07-PC1 There is no proper bound for storage facilities for fuel and oil to prevent pollution to the ground in case of any leakage or spill. Contractor ensure that there must be a secured protection for every storage of hazardous materials on site.

Being complied




Table 5: Environmental Problems Identified in this Reporting Period and Proposed Improvement

Packages Identified Problems Corrective Measures

CW01-Taing Krasang

Oil Spilling at main camp site

- Clean up as soon as possible.

- Train employee on good practice to refuel and clean up when there is raining.

CW03-Chroab and CW04-Korkoah

Insufficient waste collection at Construction Camp’s waste management

- Clean all these waste scatter

- Provide more training to worker on waste collection and disposal

- Waste collection bag will be provided if needed.

CW07-PC1 No protection bound to protect oil leakage

- Equip protection bound at fuel storage facility

- Train worker on good practice to re-fuel and clean up if any spilling.

The main camp site was located closed to the stream (Auto gate structure).

- Careful on load and unloading materials, cleaning the trucks and manage properly on concrete mixing to avoid the cement water flow to the stream.

- Equip dam at the stream bank to do not allow the sewage water flow to the stream

At SC02&SC03. Traffic sign of access road from and to borrow area.

- Install warning sign all access road go and out to borrow area.




Packages Identified Problems Corrective Measures

CW08-PC 2 at SC4

Improvement of septic tank of toilet

- 2-champer of septic tank will be equipment.

- No wastewater discharge directly to water source.

- Corrective action with photos need to include in project progress report (Oct 2017)

Improper domestic waste management (Main Camps Site)

- Choose a new disposal site where is not too close with water source.

- Waste storage area will be equipped with facilities that protect waste leakage to soil.

- Corrective action with photos need to include in project progress report (Oct 2017).

No protection bound at storage area and oil spilling

- Equip protection bound at fuel storage facility

- Clean up the oil spill.

- Operation of this machine will be applied with oil trap.

20. All corrective measures will be followed up in next report period.

1. Corrective Measures of Last Reporting

21. Environmental problems identifies in the last reporting period and the correctives measures implemented in this reporting period are shown in Table 4.




2. Necessary Corrective Measures of this Reporting Period

22. Site inspections during the reporting period have showed that most of the requirements in the EMP have been implemented. The identifies environmental problem is: (i) Oil spilling at storage area for all visited packages (CW01, CW03, CW04, CW07 and CW08), (ii) no protection bound at fuel storage facilities (CW03, CW04, CW07 and CW08), (iii) inappropriate toilet location of CW03 and CW04 (iv) insufficient toilet providing of CW07, and (v) insufficient warning sign set up (See Table 5). Appropriate corrective measures had been discussed with contractor, the follow-up work will be continued in the next reporting period.




Annex 1

List of Participants




Annex 2

Pictorial Record of Safeguard Activities in TK and PC

Environment Training by PMIC for Contractors (TK)

Environment Training byPMIC for Contractors (TK)

Workers use Personal Protection Equipment (CW01-Taing Krasang Main Canal)

Slow Down Signs are in place (CW07-PC1)

Construction activity and PPE use at CW07-PC1




Health and Safety Training (CW07)

Consultation with local people (CW07-PC1)

Interview with female worker (CW07-PC1)

Designed place for keeping materials (CW03&CW04)

Traffic sign along the road (CW08-PC2)

Construction Zone Sign installed at Main Camp (CW07)




Fuel transport at site (CW08-PC2)

Borrow pit with slope protection design (CW08-PC2)

Truck and car parking along the road side

Refueling area equipped with protection bound

(CW08-PC2)

APPENDIX 14:

SUMMARY OF CONSULTANTS’ MOBILIZATION

APPENDIX 14: SUMMARY OF CONSULTANTS’ MOBILIZATION Page 1



SUMMARY OF CONSULTANTS’ MOBILIZATION

01 July 2017 to 30 September 2017

Previous This Qtr To Date

INTERNATIONAL CONSULTANTS

1 Jose A. Galvez, Ph D***** Team Leader/Water Res. Specialist PRIMEX 24.0 9.1 - 9.1 14.9

2 Mr. Abdul Hakeem Khan Team Leader/Water Res. Specialist PRIMEX 14.9 1.9 2.0 3.9 11.0

3 Ms. Benilda Tayag Institutional/Training Specialist PRIMEX 4.0 2.8 - 2.8 1.2

4 Mr. Rolando Maloles Hydrologist OCG 12.0 4.4 2.0 6.4 5.6

5 Mr. Bienvenido Gilles Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist OCG 6.0 3.8 - 3.8 2.2

6 Mr. Syed Umar Ali Syah Procurement & Contracts Specialist (Home) PRIMEX 12.0 5.6 0.2 5.8 6.2

7 Mr. Syed Umar Ali Syah Procurement & Contracts Specialist(Field) PRIMEX 12.0 1.8 - 1.8 10.2

Subtotal for International Consultants 84.9 29.4 4.2 33.6 51.3

NATIONAL CONSULTANTS

1 Mr. Lim Dalika* DTL/ Irrigation Management Specialist CADTIS 0.5 0.5 - 0.5 -

2 Mr. An Saradeth*** DTL/ Irrigation Management Specialist CADTIS 53.5 2.4 - 2.4 -

3 Mr. Ung Kotaro DTL/ Irrigation Management Specialist CADTIS 51.2 6.8 3.0 9.8 41.4

4 Mr. Roeun Sophanna Procurement & Contracts Specialist CADTIS 24.0 16.5 3.0 19.5 4.5

5 Mr. Kuch Pouk** Financial Mngment/Accountant Specialist CADTIS 3.0 3.0 - 3.0 -

6 Ms. Lim Kimvourch Financial Mngment/Accountant Specialist CADTIS 51.0 12.8 3.0 15.8 35.2

7 Mr. Han Pon Institutional/Training Specialist CADTIS 12.0 5.2 - 5.2 6.8

8 Mr. Ouk Daren Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist CADTIS 24.0 15.6 1.6 17.2 6.8

9 Mr. Cheng Saroeun Hydraulic Structures Engineer CADTIS 24.0 11.1 1.2 12.3 11.7

10 Mr. Kimhor Chhit Hydrologist CADTIS 24.0 15.0 1.6 16.6 7.4

11 Mr. Sok Chea Agriculture Specialist/ Agronomist CADTIS 10.0 1.7 0.9 2.6 7.4

12 Mr. Sok Piseth Materials/Quality Control Engineer CADTIS 12.0 9.0 - 9.0 3.0

13 Mr. Doeur Davuth Materials/Quality Control Engineer CADTIS 12.0 11.6 - 11.6 0.4

14 Mr. Chap Samoeun Social Safeguards/Resettlement Specialist CADTIS 24.0 8.6 - 8.6 15.4

15 Mr. Prak Sokha**** Gender Specialist CADTIS 18.0 3.2 - 3.2 14.8

16 Ms. Sao Sambathmorakat Environment Specialist CADTIS 18.0 8.0 1.3 9.3 8.7

17 Mr. Vong Dara Construction Management Engineer CADTIS 54.0 16.5 3.0 19.5 34.5

18 Mr. Vuth Sivorng Construction Management Engineer CADTIS 54.0 16.5 3.0 19.5 34.5

19 Mr. Thai Pipheak Assistant Engineer, KPT CADTIS 48.0 12.3 3.0 15.3 32.7

20 Ms. Heng Thavy Assistant Engineer, Batt CADTIS 48.0 15.6 3.0 18.6 29.4

21 Mr. Sar Samath Assistant Engineer, KPT CADTIS 48.0 13.8 - 13.8 34.2

22 Mr. Tao Kimmeng Assistant Engineer, Batt CADTIS 48.0 12.9 3.0 15.9 32.1

23 Mr. Heang Rethdaro******* Website Designer CADTIS 30.0 6.6 - 6.6 23.4

24 Mr. Lim Sary Assistant Engineer, KPT CADTIS 24.0 5.8 2.0 7.8 16.2

25 Mr. Lim Sambath****** Assistant Engineer, KPT CADTIS 24.0 3.8 - 3.8 20.2

Subtotal for National Consultants 739.2 234.8 32.5 267.3 420.8

TOTAL FOR ALL CONSULTANTS 824.1 264.2 36.7 300.9 523.2

1/ Original contract Percent rendered 36.5 %

***** Resigned on 09 January 2017.

****** Resigned on 03 May 2017.

******* Resigned on 30 May 2017.

UPLANDS IRRIGATION AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SECTOR PROJECT (UIWRMSP)

CONSULTANTS' MOBILIZATION

Note: This Quarter is July-September 2017

Name Position Firm

Summary of Consultant's Mobilization

Contract 1/ Cumulative InputBalance