____________________________________7th Grade Social Studies

Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to ReconstructionClass 47— Common Sense & Declaration of Independence

December 7, 2015

Focus: Read the conversation below between Benjamin Harrison of Virginia and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts. Then, answer the questions. “I shall have a great advantage over you, Mr. Gerry,” said Harrison, “when we are all hung for what we are now doing. From the size and weight of my body I shall die in a few minutes, but from the lightness of your body you will dance in the air an hour or two before you are dead.”

What had the two men just done? Why was it so dangerous?

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Student Objectives: 1. I will explain how Thomas Paine’s Common Sense influenced the colonists.2. I will identify the main ideas of the Declaration of Independence. 3. I will determine how Americans responded to the Declaration of Independence.

Homework:-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs 126-128 Stop @ New Jersey (due 12/8)-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs 128-131 Start @ New Jersey (due 12/9)-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs. 132-134 (due 12/10)-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 4 pgs. 135-139 (due 12/14)-Public Reading of the Declaration due 12/11-Chapter 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 Test Tuesday 12/15

1. The Price They Paid2. Public Reading of Declaration

I. Common SenseA. Thomas Paine

II. The Declaration of IndependenceA. SignersB. VocabC. Consequences

Key terms/ideas/ people/places:Common Sense Thomas Paine John Hancock Thomas Jefferson Self-evidentEndowed Unalienable Loyalists Patriots Undecided

By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:Who signed their name the largest on the Declaration?When was the Declaration adopted?Why were the signers were chased by the British?Why was it common sense for the colonies to break away from Britain?Who was Jefferson talking about when he stated “all men?”THE PRICE THEY PAID

Have you ever wondered what happened to the 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence?

Five signers were captured by the British as traitors, and tortured before they died. Twelve had their homes ransacked and burned. Two lost their sons in the revolutionary army, another had two sons captured. Nine of the 56 fought and died from wounds or hardships of the revolutionary war. They signed and they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor.

What kind of men were they? Twenty-four were lawyers and jurists. Eleven were merchants, nine were farmers and large plantation owners, men of means, well educated. But they signed the Declaration of Independence knowing full well that the penalty would be death if they were captured.

Carter Braxton of Virginia, a wealthy planter and trader, saw his ships swept from the seas by the British Navy. He sold his home and properties to pay his debts, and died in rags.

Thomas McKeam was so hounded by the British that he was forced to move his family almost constantly. He served in the Congress without pay, and his family was kept in hiding. His possessions were taken from him, and poverty was his reward.

Vandals or soldiers or both, looted the properties of Ellery, Clymer, Hall, Walton, Gwinnett, Heyward, Ruttledge, and Middleton.

At the battle of Yorktown, Thomas Nelson Jr,, noted that the British General Cornwallis had taken over the Nelson home for his headquarters. The owner quietly urged General George Washington to open fire. The home was destroyed, and Nelson died bankrupt.

Francis Lewis had his home and properties destroyed. The enemy jailed his wife, and she died within a few months.

John Hart was driven from his wife's bedside as she was dying. Their 13 children fled for their lives. His fields and his gristmill were laid to waste. For more than a year he lived in forests and caves, returning home to find his wife dead and his children vanished. A few weeks later he died from exhaustion and a broken heart. Norris and Livingston suffered similar fates.

Such were the stories and sacrifices of the American Revolution. These were not wild eyed, rabble-rousing ruffians. They were soft-spoken men of means and education. They had security, but they valued liberty more. Standing tall, straight, and unwavering, they pledged: "For the support of this declaration, with firm reliance on the protection of the divine providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor."

Name:________________________________________________ Period:__________

A “Public Reading” of the Declaration of IndependenceOne of our government’s most precious documents is the Declaration of Independence. Yet studies show that

most Americans are hard-pressed to associate its eloquent passages with Thomas Jefferson who presented it to the Continental Congress in July of 1776. Perhaps it is because few have actually taken the time to read the Declaration. It is for this reason that your assignment is to engage in a somewhat “public reading” of this document. This assignment will familiarize you, and those who listen to you, with a portion of the content of this powerful declaration of our freedom from Great Britain.

Directions:

1. Invite at least two other people, one of whom must be an adult, to listen to your “public reading.”

2. Stand before your audience and read the attached excerpt from the Declaration.

3. Ask your audience members to add their signatures to this sheet as witnesses to the public reading.

4. Return this sheet as proof you completed the assignment.

Listeners Signatures:

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

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IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government….

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.

NotesClass 47— Common Sense & Declaration of Independence

December 7, 2015Thomas Paine's Common Sense

o Paine 39 years old Failed at shopkeeper, husband, and corset maker People thought Adams wrote it

encourages the move toward freedom Claimed that it was simply a matter of common sense that an island could not rule a continent Paine soldiered with the common men in the trenches and they respected him for it. His nickname in the

army was even Common Sense. Paine was an English radical, fighting for everybody’s rights. What is it about? (why the colonies should break away) What arguments did it make?

o Didn’t owe king loyaltyo setting up of king/queens wrong

“One of the strongest natural proofs of the folly of hereditary right of kings, is that nature disapproves it, otherwise she would not so frequently turn it into ridicule by giving mankind an ass for a lion.”

o G.B. only helped colonies for own benefito owed nothing to Englando Poked fun at the claim that the king spoke directly to God

500,000 copies were produced

July 4, 1776-Declaration of IndependenceAuthor-Thomas Jefferson

Committee assigned the task of writing the Declaration: John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert Livingston, and Roger Sherman

Both Adams and Franklin decline to write it Jefferson considered unofficial draftsman of Continental Congress

o John Adams about Jefferson-“reputations of a masterly pen…, in consequence of a very handsome public paper which he had written for the House of Burgesses, which had given him the character of a fine writer.”

Considered a minor administrative chore No one at the time considered the drafting of the Declaration as a major responsibility or honor Adams, perhaps exaggerating said it took Jefferson only a “a day or two” to write Jefferson was upset at the revisions “The People”-Jefferson developed his explanation based on who was not in the picture: infants, children,

women, and slaves-“the people” included all the adult white males of the population

John Hancocko Who is this man? (A Boston merchant and member of the Sons of Liberty.

The British regulars had orders to capture him at Concord. He is nowa Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress.)

Why did he make his signature so large?-Wanted the King to see it without his glasses

Richard Stockton- After signing Declaration of Independence he signs a declaration of allegiance to the King-only signer of the Declaration of independence to do so

What difficulties did Loyalists encounter? a. Shunned by Patriots b. Businesses boycotted c. Vandalism d. Physical threats e. Pressure to leave for Canada, the West Indies, or Britain

____________________________________7th Grade Social Studies

Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to ReconstructionClass 48— New York and Nathan Hale

December 8, 2015

Focus: Why do you think George Washington made the following statement, “on our side the war should be defensive?”

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Student Objectives:1. I will compare and contrast the Continental and British Armies.2. I will identify the loss of New York as a terrible defeat for General Washington.3. I will share the brave story of Nathan Hale.

Homework: -Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs 128-131 Start @ New Jersey (due 12/9)-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs. 132-134 (due 12/10)-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 4 pgs. 135-139 (due 12/14)-Public Reading of the Declaration due 12/11-Chapter 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 Test Tuesday 12/15-Current Events: Women Warriors due 12/21

Handouts:none

I. The two armies A. Continental B. BritishII. New York

A. Epic DefeatIII. Nathan Hale

A. American Hero

Key terms/ideas/ people/places:Battle of Long Island Continental Army British Army Nathan Hale

“How beautiful is death, when earn’d by virtue! Who would not be that youth? What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country.”

By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:Who volunteered for the dangerous mission to spy on the British in New York City?What advantages did the Continental army have?Where was one of Washington’s worst defeats?Why was Washington so upset after losing New York? How did Nathan Hale die?

NotesClass 48— New York and Nathan Hale

December 8, 2015 British

o Strengths Highly trained, experienced-fight on five continents and defeated forces in Europe, India, North

America, West Indies and Cuba 2/3 of the British army in America Navy, 70 ships-1/2 the force “the most arrogant army in the world.” Professional army, largest navy in world, officers who were veterans, availability of military

supplies, and ready access to credit Mercenaries

18,000-Hess-Hanau, Brunswick, Anspach-Bayreuth, Anhalt-Zerbst, and Hesse-Kassel General Howe, General Clinton, and General Burgoyne best of the general officers in the

British army Soldiers called “Bloodybacks” and “Lobsters” Average Length of service-7 years Fleet of 427 ships equipped with 1,200 cannons to transport 32,000 soldiers and 10,000 sailors

across the Atlantic. Largest amphibious operation ever attempted by any European power, with an attack force larger than the population of Philadelphia, the biggest city in America.

o Weaknesses 3,000 miles from home

Voyage took at least 2 months and sometimes three to four round trip Cramped quarters-can’t stand up between decks, nor sit up straight in their berths, 6 men

per berth-supposed to hold 4, men slept in “spoon fashion”: in order to turn in bed, one would call “about face,” and they would all turn together

Get ambushed Total cost- £52.5 million, national debt goes from £127- £232 million British army would lose strength marching hither and yon across the vast American landscape

in search of a strategic center of the rebellion that in fact did not exist-this is what actually happened

Colonistso Strategy

Captured ground, “a war of posts” was meaningless The strategic key was the Continental Army. As long as it remained intact as an effective

fighting force, the American Revolution remained alive. As long Washington held the army together, the British could not win the war, which in turn meant that they would eventually lose it

Space and time were on his side if he could keep the army united until the British will collapsed. And that is exactly what happened.

o Strengths Defend homeland-“on our side the war should be defensive.”-G.W. Good shots-American riflemen loved to give demonstrations, aiming at a small mark the size of

a man’s eye or tip of his nose, and hitting it repeatedly from a distance of 250 yards. Hessian and British officers cut off the rank insignia from their uniforms.

George Washington o Weaknesses

Untrained, even fight amongst themselves-Marblehead, MA (former slaves) vs. Virginians-Americans from one region of the country were fighting Americans from another region on a larger scale than Lexington and Concord-Washington rides in grabs two men by the throat.

Continental Army-bottom rung of social ladder…former indentured servants, recent Irish immigrants, unemployed artisans, blacksmiths, and carpenters—they stayed because they had

nowhere else to go…”not the kind of men you wanted living in your neighborhood.” Average length of service-less than 6 months

NYC/Long Island-The American troops were untrained and no match for Howe. Howe conducts a brilliant amphibious attack.-The American had no navy to challenge the British in New York Harbor. -Washington lost 1,400 men who were killed, injured, or taken prisoner. -Washington was almost captured himself.-The Hessians and British regulars give no quarter. “The riflemen were mostly spitted to the trees with bayonets.”-”In one thing only they failed—could not run as fast as their Foe.”-As Washington watches the disaster unfold he turns away from his officers and began to weep “with the tenderness of a child.”-Washington and his troops retreat into New Jersey and cross the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. -The British would hold New York until the end of the war, for seven years.

Nathan Hale-Before the death sentence is carried out, you deliver a speech ending in those most famous words, “How beautiful is death, when earn’d by virtue! Who would not be that youth? What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country.”-died a martyr, Patriot and a hero.

____________________________________7th Grade Social Studies

Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to ReconstructionClass 49— Trenton and Princeton

December 9, 2015

Focus: Turn to page 128 in your textbook. Read the box entitled, “Crossing the Delaware” and answer the question.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Student Objectives:1. I will explain what was so surprising about Washington’s attacks on Trenton and Princeton.

Homework: -Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 3 pgs. 132-134 (due 12/10)-Public Reading of the Declaration due 12/11-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 4 pgs. 135-139 (due 12/14)-Chapter 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 Test Tuesday 12/15-Current Events: Women Warriors due 12/21

Handouts:None

I. TrentonD. Rall vs. Washington

II. PrincetonA. Cornwallis vs. Washington

Key terms/ideas/ people/places:Colonel Rall Trenton Hessians Princeton General CornwallisHugh Mercer Christmas Night Delaware River “Victory or Death” Weather

By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:Who was in command of the Hessians at Trenton?When did Washington cross the Delaware to attack Trenton?Why were victories at Trenton and Princeton so important to the American cause?What did Hugh Mercer do that was so brave?

NotesClass 49— Trenton and Princeton

December 9, 2015

Trenton-Washington vs. Rall and the Hessians Town on the Delaware River-commercial center including several mills along a creek town had no walls and some of the Hessians urged Colonel Rall (in charge of the Hessians at Trenton)to fortify

the town “It never struck [Col. Rall] that the rebels might attack us, and therefore he had made no preparations against

an attack. I must concede on the whole we had a poor opinion of the rebels, who previously had never successfully opposed us.”

Washington’s plans to keep the attack a secret is spoiled by British spies Rall knows Washington might come legend has it that the Washington was successful at Trenton because the Hessians were drunk/hung over from

celebrating Christmas…this is FALSE! Washington gets lucky because on Christmas night a winter storm hits Trenton. The Hessians relax, they have

been on high alert for days, because they think nothing will happen in the storm. Nobody thought the rebels would attack in such weather. Combine this with Rall’s over-confidence, and it spells disaster for the Hessians.

The attack takes place a little after 8:00 A. M. The Hessians came under attack from all three different sides and were taken by surprise. The men in the outposts fight their way back to the center of the town, but it is no use. Washington achieved a huge victory, capturing 896 Hessians, killing 22, and wounding 83. They also captured several cannons and guns and ammunition. The Americans lose more men from being sick and starving than from the battle. They record only a few wounded from the battle however.

What was so “surprising” about Washington’s attack on Trenton Washington crosses the Delaware River on Christmas night Weather- “it blew a perfect hurricane” of snow, hail, rain, and sleet “I can hardly believe that Washington would venture at this season of the year to pass the Delaware at Vessel’s

ferry as the repassing it may on account of the Ice become difficult.” Trenton and Princeton were supremely important, [in] destroying the illusion of British invincibility, making

patriots of potential loyalists, and spoiling the Howes’ hopes for an end to the war and a start to a lasting reunion.”

Princeton-Washington vs. General Cornwallis and the British extremely bloody battle as the “ground was frozen and all the blood which was shed remained on the surface.” Hugh Mercer was a general in Washington’s army. During the battle of Princeton he fought very bravely.

During the battle the British overwhelm his men who have no bayonets. The British charge with bayonets. Mercer’s horse gets hit, and then Mercer himself. As he went down he cried, “Retreat!” His men fell back but Mercer was caught. One of the British knock him in the head with the butt of his rifle. The British thought they had caught Washington. As the British gather around, one calls, “Call for Quarters….” Mercer replied, “I am no rebel.” He refused to surrender and with his last ounce of energy, lunged at the British troops with his sword. They bayoneted him many times.

____________________________________7th Grade Social Studies

Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to ReconstructionClass 50— Valley Forge and Saratoga

December 10, 2015

Focus: Pretend you are George Washington. Write a letter to your wife, Martha, telling her about the Battles of Trenton and Princeton. Be sure to tell her: a. Who the enemy is and where they are located. b. How you and your men reached the enemy from your location in Pennsylvania. c. What made your trip so dangerous? d. The day of your attack. e. The success you achieved.

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Homework:-Public Reading of the Declaration due 12/11-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 4 pgs. 135-139 (due 12/14)-Chapter 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 Test Tuesday 12/15-Current Events: Women Warriors due 12/21

Handouts:None

I. Saratoga A. Turning Point 1. French aidII. Valley Forge

A. ConditionsB. Baron Friedrich von Steuben C. The Marquis de Lafayette

III. Benedict Arnold-hero and traiter

Key terms/ideas/ people/places:Saratoga French Valley Forge Firecakes Baron Friedrich von Steuben The Marquis de Lafayette

By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:Who helped train Washington’s troops at Valley Forge?Where is Valley Forge?Why is Saratoga considered the turning point of the war?

What did Benedict Arnold due to be considered an American hero early in the war? What caused him to turn?

NotesClass 50— Valley Forge and Saratoga

December 10, 2015

The British are puzzled at the American victories and ask General Burgoyne to stop the Patriots. He draws up a plan to take the Hudson River Valley.

What prize do the British already have in their possession? (New York City, thanks to General Howe.) b. Why would taking the Hudson River Valley be such a strategic move?

Burgoyne envisioned cutting off New England by the junction of two armies marching toward one another along the Hudson from New York and Canada

Burgoyne’s use of Indians, French Canadians, and German auxiliaries alienated popular support because his advance seemed like a foreign invasion

c. What took place at the Battle of Saratoga that convinced the French that they should become allies of the Americans?

Between 1/3 and a ½ of the British soldiers were wounded, killed, or taken prisoner Burgoyne was surrounded and outnumbered, his army starving and under constant fire, so he surrendered Convention of Saratoga (actual surrender)-permitted Burgoyne’s army to return to Britain on condition that

it never serve again in America It showed the French that the American cause was “win-able.” The U.S. took 6,000 British prisoners, a

significant portion of Burgoyne’s army -- a major American victory!o French already considering an alliance-helped ensure French entry which turned the war into a

global struggle in which the British resources were deflected into other places like Caribbean, the Mediterranean, India, and the Channel

One of the heroes of this battle is Benedict Arnold who rushed into the fight rallying the troops. A German soldier fired point blank at Arnold in the same knew in which he had been wounded at Quebec. The shot crippled Arnold for life, leaving one leg shorter than the other-he later betray his country.

Before French aid could reach America, Washington’s men had to endure many hardships during the winter of 1777-78. Hardships of Valley Forge a. Washington led his troops to Valley Forge after his defeats at Philadelphia and Germantown in eastern Pennsylvania. b. Valley Forge is about 25 miles west of Philadelphia. c. These winter months were very discouraging for the Continental Army. d. 11,000 troops were quartered at Valley Forge. e. They lived in crude log huts they built themselves. f. The Continental Congress could not provide additional supplies to fulfill the men’s needs. g. On December 23, 1777, Washington wrote: “We have this day no less than 2,873 men in camp unfit for duty because they are barefooted and otherwise naked.” h. The conditions include: ... bitter cold, causing frostbite

... inadequate -- even spoiled -- food (some with worms in it)

... they ate “firecakes” -- strips of dough made of flour and water

... soldiers weak from hunger and cold -- too weak to fight

... a smallpox epidemic

... lack of shoes, so rags are used -- they cut their feet on the ice

... lack of adequate clothing

... they sleep on cold, muddy floors, or on straw mattresses crawling with lice.

... discouragement and bitterness over the fact that those who lived in the

countryside enjoyed comfortable lives, the British in Philadelphia were living happily, and the Congress seemed to ignore their request for supplies. Those around the camp were unfriendly to them, perhaps fearing that their livestock or food would be confiscated.

i. Some criticized Washington for keeping his troops there, but he held firm, hoping to position himself for an attack on Philadelphia when the weather broke. j. Only the most ardent Patriots endure the ordeal. They are encouraged by the

writings of Thomas Paine. k. 3,000 soldiers die during this time. Why do soldier’s stay at Valley Forge? a. The words of Thomas Paine. b. Their commitment to the cause. c. Washington’s example. d. The promise of French aid.

Key Europeans in the American Revolution

o Baron Friedrich von Steuben A Prussian soldier who stayed at Valley Forge; helped Washington train the troops; taught them how to work as a unit, to advance, retreat, use their guns and their bayonets. He also made the officers drill their men, rather than the sergeant and told his officers to put the needs of his men ahead of his own. He ordered his interpreter to curse his troops in English whenever they needed discipline. The troops loved his sense of humor. Steubenville, Ohio, is named after him.

o The Marquis de Lafayette This young French soldier was only 19 when he became an American general. He was one of the richest men in France, and yet still shared the hardships with the troops at Valley Forge. The men call him “the soldier’s friend.” He fought alongside Washington in Pennsylvania. He refused any payment for his work. He enthusiastically supported the American cause. Fayette County in names after him.

Benedict Arnolda. Disappointed that Congress appointed younger men as generals before he became one.

b. Married Margaret Shippen, a society girl, and they lived extravagantly.c. Accused of Tory leanings and using military personnel as his own servants.d. A court-marital tribunal cleared him, but reprimanded him for using poor judgment.e. He brooded over what he felt to be his country’s ingratitude and injustice.f. Began a 16-month correspondence with the enemy.g. While in command of West Point in 1780, he worked out a plan to surrender it to the British.h. British Major John Andre (executed) was carrying the message from Arnold to the British when he was captured. Finally, his treachery was exposed!i. Arnold fled to British-held New York and became a brigadier-general in the British Army.j. He demanded 20,000 pounds for his losses in joining the British. He received

6,315.k. He led British expeditions that burned Richmond, Virginia, and New London, Connecticut.l. Received kindly in London by King George III.m. Granted 13,400 acres in Canada, but it was useless to him.n. Remained in Britain and was a merchant in the West Indies trade.o. His wife remained faithful to him throughout, and his four sons became distinguished members of the British military.p. Burdened with debt in his final day.p. Died in 1801.

____________________________________7th Grade Social Studies

Canada, Mexico, & U.S. History from the Revolution to ReconstructionClass 51— John Paul Jones

December 11, 2015

Focus: Pretend you are wintering with George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Write a letter to a loved one informing them of the following:

a. at least 3 hardships you are dealing withb. What you are doing to keep your spirits upc. What training you have received and who is training youd. How many soldiers die

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Student Objectives:1. I will recount the story behind the famous saying, “I have not yet begun to fight!”

Homework:-Read and Outline Chapter 4, Section 4 pgs. 135-139 (due 12/14)-Chapter 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 Test Tuesday 12/15-Current Events: Women Warriors due 12/21

Handouts:None

I. John Paul A. Early Career and mistakesII. John Paul Jones

A. Naval HeroB. Father of American Navy

Key terms/ideas/ people/places:John Paul Jones John Betsy Alfred Providence RangerUSS Bonhomme Richard HMS Serapis “I have not yet begun to fight!”

By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:Who is considered the father of the American Navy?What did John Paul do to cause him to flee to America?Where is John Paul Jones buried?Why did John Paul Jones state, “I have not yet begun to fight!”?

NotesClass 51— John Paul Jones

December 11, 2015John Paul Jones-father of the American Navy

Born in Scotland in 1747, and named John Paul. Joined the navy at age 12. At age 22, was given command of the ship John. John Paul had a sailor

flogged and Paul was charged with murder. He was later freed and at age 26 became captain of the ship Betsey, but his

crew mutinied and one member was killed. Paul was again accused of murder.

He fled to America to avoid arrest, and he added “Jones” to his name. He was commissioned a lieutenant in the Continental Navy and later a captain. He sailed such man-of-war ships as the Alfred, the Providence, and the Ranger.

It was the Ranger that first flew the American flag and was the first U.S. ship to receive a salute from a foreign ship (from the French).

Aboard the Ranger, he raided the British coast and even captured a sloop (small ship armed with 18-32 guns) called the Drake.

6. What is the story behind the famous saying, “I have not yet begun to fight!”? In 1779 John Paul Jones takes command of the Bonhomme Richard, French for

Poor Richard, named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. It carried 40 cannons and had a crew of 380 from 11 different nations. He is now Commodore Jones

He meets a large British convoy in the North Sea. He attacks the leading ship in the convoy, the Serapis. The Serapis was larger and better armed. It also had copper sheeting on the bottom which made it faster.

Jones decides to bring his vessel alongside. They were so close their rigging got tangled and their cannons touched each other. Cannon balls are ripping through the side of the Bonhomme Richard and some two of Jones’ 18 pounders blow

up killing many men and wrecking the battery. Captain Pearson of the Serapis calls: “Has your ship struck?” Jones replies defiantly, “I have not yet begun to fight!” Both sides try to board the other ship but to no avail. The two fight on into the night as British citizens watch

from the cliffs. All but 3 of Jones’ cannons are knocked out and he loads and fires one these cannons himself. Jones’ aims for the Serapis’ mast while the Serapis aims at Bonhomme Richard’s hull. The Bonhomme Richard begins to take on water and one of Jones officers cries, “For God’s sake strike!” Jones’ replied, “No, I will sink, I will never strike!” By this time ½ of Jones’ crew was killed. One of Jones’ gunners loses his nerve and runs to the flag to surrender shouting, “Quarters, for God’s sake!” Jones threw his pistol at the gunner and knocked him unconscious. Captain Pearson once again calls, “Sir, do you ask for quarters?” Jones replies, “I haven’t as yet thought of it. But I’m determined to make you strike!” One of Jones’ men is able to get aboard the Serapis and drops a grenade into its powder supply. This

destroyed most of the cannons on the Serapis and Pearson hauled down his flag signaling surrender. The mast of the Serapis falls as Jones men take over the Serapis. The Bonhomme Richard is badly damaged and sinks two days later. Jones then went on in the Serapis with is covered hull of copper The Americans had beaten a British frigate in a stand-up battle in England’s home waters.