shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf ·...

25
CHAPTER - IV NATURE MYSTICISM IN GITANJALI One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature plays in it. The poet experiences the living touch of God's love in the beauties of Nature. The smiling flowers, the flowering grove, the thick forest and tho green grass, "the ever wakeful blue sky", "the night with starry vigil", the spring with its flowers, the woodlands, the soa, "the shore of the ink-black river", "the frowning forest", the singing birds, the child decked with prince's robes, children playing on the soa-shore, t h e mud- stained traveller, the parched earth in summer, the blooming lotus, the drooping lotus, torrential rain, and the "lashes of lightning" -- all these arc intimotions to the poet from immortality, alerting him to the Infinite immanent in Nature. Nature also forms the background in which the poet enjoys mystical experience. Many of the descriptions of Tagore's mystical

Upload: others

Post on 13-May-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

CHAPTER - I V

NATURE MYSTICISM I N GITANJALI

One o f t h e m o s t s t r i k i n g f e a t u r e s o f T a g o r e ' s

G i t a n j a l i i s t h e s u b l i m e r o l e n a t u r e p l a y s i n i t . T h e

p o e t experiences t h e l i v i n g t o u c h o f G o d ' s l o v e i n t h e

b e a u t i e s o f N a t u r e . T h e s m i l i n g f l o w e r s , t h e f l o w e r i n g

g r o v e , t h e t h i c k f o r e s t a n d t h o g r e e n g r a s s , " t h e e v e r

w a k e f u l b l u e s k y " , " t h e n i g h t w i t h s t a r r y v i g i l " , t h e

s p r i n g w i t h i t s f l o w e r s , t h e w o o d l a n d s , t h e s o a , " t h e

s h o r e o f t h e i n k - b l a c k r i v e r " , " t h e f r o w n i n g f o r e s t " ,

t h e s i n g i n g b i r d s , t h e c h i l d d e c k e d w i t h p r i n c e ' s

r o b e s , c h i l d r e n p l a y i n g on t h e s o a - s h o r e , t h e mud-

s t a i n e d t r a v e l l e r , t h e p a r c h e d e a r t h i n summer , t h e

b l o o m i n g l o t u s , t h e d r o o p i n g l o t u s , t o r r e n t i a l r a i n ,

a n d t h e " l a s h e s o f l i g h t n i n g " -- a l l t h e s e a r c i n t i m o t i o n s

t o t h e p o e t f r o m i m m o r t a l i t y , a l e r t i n g h im t o t h e

I n f i n i t e i m m a n e n t i n N a t u r e . N a t u r e a l s o f o r m s t h e

b a c k g r o u n d i n w h i c h t h e p o e t e n j o y s m y s t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e .

Many o f t h e d e s c r i p t i o n s o f T a g o r e ' s m y s t i c a l

Page 2: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

v i s i o n c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e t h a t n a t u r a l s c o n e r y w a s t h o

medium t h r o u g h w h i c h t h e p o e t e x p e r i e n c e d t h e s u d d e n

a d v e n t o f t h e v i s i o n . T a g o r e s t a n d s b e f o r e N a t u r e

w i t h h i s s e n s e s f u l l y o p e n a n d r e c e p t i v e . The

m e d i e v a l I n d i a n m y s t i c Dadu seems t o h a v e i n f l u e n c e d

h i m a l o t . Dadu h o l d s t h a t i n c r e a t i n g t h e s e n s e s God

d i d n o t i n t e n d t h e m t o b a s t a r v e d . And s o t h e e y e i s

t o b e f e a s t e d w i t h c o l o u r , t h e e a r w i t h m u s i c , t h e

p a l a t e , w i t h f l o w e r s , w o n d r o u s l y p r o v i d e d . H i s

i m a g i n a t i o n r e c e i v e s s t i m u l a t i o n f r o m t h e "ha rmony o f

f o r m s , c o l o u r s , s o u n d s a n d movements112 d i s p l a y e d by . N a t u r e .

Poem no.5 r e v e a l s how a l l t h e c r e a t u r e s o f n a t u r e ,

t h e p o e t b e i n g o n e among t h e m , are m a k i n g t h e i r h u m b l e

o f f e r i n g s o f l o v e a n d d e v o t i o n t o t h e i r Maker. The

summer c o m e s w i t h i t s p l e a s a n t s c e n e s a n d s i g h t s . S o f t

b r e e z e s b l o w w i t h a s o f t s i g h i n g s o u n d a n d t h e r e i s

t h e sweet m u s i c o f t h e streams f l o w i n g w i t h a m u r m u r i n g

T h e R e l i g i o n o f Man 1 2 .

L The R e l i g i o n o f Man 12 .

Page 3: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

s o u n d . T h e b e e s s i n g s w e e t l y i n t h e g r o v e o f f l o w e r i n g

t rees . To q u o t e t h e r e l e v a n t p a s s a g e , "Today t h e

summer h a s come a t my window w i t h i t s s i g h s a n d

murmurs; a n d t h e b e e s a r e P l y i n g t h e i r m i n s t r e l s y

a t t h e c o u r t o f t h e f l o w e r i n g g r o v e " ( V , 4 ) . The

c o n t e m p l a t i o n of t h i s b e a u t y a n d g l o r y o f t h e D i v i n e

t u r n s t h e p o e t ' s t h o u g h t t o h i s M a k e r , a n d h e y e a r n s

f o r t h e d i v i n e p r e s e n c e . N a t u r e o v e r f l o w s w i t h p e a c e .

A t s u c h a moment o f p e a c o e n d l e i s u r e , t h e p o e t l o n g s

t o d e d i c a t e h i s l i f e t o t h e s e r v i c e o f t h e D i v i n e .

C o n t e m p l a t i o n o f p e a c e , h a r m o n y a n d b e a u t y o f n a t u r e ,

i n " a mood o f wise p a s s i v i t y " , a c c o r d i n g t o W o r d s w o r t h ,

b r i n g s t h o human s o u l i n t o h a r m o n y w i t h t h e s o u l o f

N a t u r e , t h e U n i v e r s a l S o u l .

Poem n o . 2 1 i l l u s t r a t e s how t h e w a v e s o f t h e s e a

c a l l upon t h e p o e t l o u d l y t o l a u n c h h i s b o a t . And t h e

p o e t a s s u r e s t h a t h e w o u l d d o s o w i t h o u t d e l a y , f o r h e

h e a r s t h e s o u n d o f sweet m u s i c , c o m i n g t o h i m on t h e

w i n d f r o m t h e o t h e r s h o r e . The s o u n d o f m u s i c t h r i l l s

him. The w a v e s c a l l h im. He s t r o n g l y f e e l s t h a t

h e m u s t p r o m p t l y s a i l . The u r g e f o r r e u n i o n w i t h t h e

Page 4: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

L o r d i s v e r y s t r o n g w i t h i n h i m a n d h e c a n d e l a y n o

l o n g e r . T h e r i v e r s y m b o l i s e s t h e o c e a n o f e t e r n i t y

w h i c h t h e p o e t h a s t o cross , b e f o r e h e c a n b e u n i t e d

w i t h t h e I n f i n i t e . O f c o u r s e , t h e s i n g e r who s i n g s

f a r away a n d w h o s e d i s t a n t s o n g t h e p o e t h e a r s may b e

t h e J i v a n D e v a t a o r t h e L o r d o f t h e p o e t ' s l i f e , o r

h e may b e K r i e h n a o f t h e V e i s h n a v a l o v e p o e t r y , w h o s e

c a l l R a d h a c a n n o t resist.

The p o e t p r e s s e s n a t u r e i n t o h i s s e r v i c e t o

i l l u m i n a t e h i s m y s t i c a l c o n c e p t s . He a f f i r m s , "The

s p r i n g h a s d o n e i t s f l o w e r i n g a n d t a k e n l e a v e . And

now w i t h t h e b u r d e n o f f a d e d , f u t i l e f l o w e r s , I w a i t

a n d l i n g e r " (XXI, 1 3 ) . I n t h e company o f N a t u r e t h e

p o e t wa i t s f o r t h e D i v i n e . Poem no .22 i l l u s t r a t e s

how " i n t h e d e e p s h a d o w s o f t h o r a i n y J u l y , w i t h

s ec re t s t e p s " , God t h e B e l o v e d w a l k s " s i l e n t a s n i g h t .

e l u d i n g a l l w a t c h e r s " ( X X I I , 1 3 ) . T h e s k y i s o v e r c a s t

a n d t h e n i g h t i s d a r k a n d s t o r m y . T h e e a s t w i n d b l o w s

l o u d l y a n d c o n t i n u o u s l y . No b i r d s s i n g i n t h e woods.

T h e r e i s n o l i g h t o f d a y . I t l o o k s a s t h o u g h a t h i c k

v e i l were d r a w n a c r o s s t h e s k y . A l l t h e d o o r s a r e

Page 5: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

c l o s e d . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e p o e t r e c o g n i z e s h i s " o n l y

f r i e n d " h i s " b e s t b e l o v e d " a s " t h e s o l i t a r y w a y f a r e r

i n t h i s d e s e r t e d s t r e e t " (XXII, 1 3 ) .

Poem n o . 2 7 a l s o p r e s e n t s how i n a b s o l u t e d a r k n e s s

and i n t h e c o n t i n u o u s d o w n p o u r o f r a i n t h e p o o t h e a r s

t h e s o u n d o f sweet m u s i c f l o a t i n g t o h i m t h r o u g h t h e

d a r k n e s s o f n i g h t . And h i s h e a r t i s i l l u m i n e d b y

m o m e n t a r y f l a s h e s o f l o v e , l i k e l i g h t n i n g . C l o u d s ,

d a r k n e s s , r a i n a n d t h u n d e r s y m b o l i s e t h e d a n g e r s a n d

d i f f i c u l t i e s w h i c h l i e i n t h e p a t h o f t h e m y s t i c a l

p o e t . He a f f i r m s , " h e r [ n a t u r e ' s ] m e s s a g e i s t h a t t h y ,

l o r d i s w a k e f u l , a n d h e c a l l s t h e e t o t h e l o v e - t r y s t

t h r o u g h t h o d a r k n e s s o f n i g h t " ( X X V I I , 1 6 ) . Of c o u r s e ,

a s i n c e r e s o u l l i k e T a g o r e who a t t e m p t s t o l i v e a

m y s t i c a l l i f e , c a n o v e r c o m e t h e s e a s t h e f i r e o f d i v i n e

l o v e b u r n s i n h i s h e a r t c o n s t a n t l y a n d b r i g h t l y . L o v e

o f t h e D i v i n e e n a b l e s t h e p o e t t o see h i s way c l e a r l y

a n d s u r e l y e v e n t h r o u g h t h e d a r k n e s s o f n i g h t .

T a g o r e ' s God i n G i t a n f i l i - i s a l l p e r v a s i v e a n d

i m m a n e n t i n N a t u r e . He c o m e s t h r o u g h t h e f o r e s t s i n

t h e f o r m o f " p e r f u m e n ( X L I V , 261, i n t h e s u n n y A p r i l ,

Page 6: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

t h e month o f s p r i n g , a n d i n t h e f o r m o f r a i n a n d

t h u n d e r i n g c l o u d s i n t h e d a r k month o f J u l y ( C I I I , 6 8 ) .

God i s t h e r e i n t h e s u n a n d i n t h e s t a r s a s Ha i s i n

t h e p o e t . "The f a i n t smell" " p e r f u m e " e t c . s y m b o l i s e 0 f

t h e a p p r ~ a c h ~ t h e A l m i g h t y . They a r e s y m b o l s o f t h e

m y s t i c a l a p p r e h e n s i o n o f H i s n e a r p r e s e n c e ( X L V , 271.

An e n t h u s i a s t i c s u r r e n d e r t o t h e s p o n t a n e i t y o f n a t u r a l

s c e n e r y l e a d s t h e p o e t t o h i s B e l o v e d , God. He w o u l d

t h e n l i e e x p o s e d t o a l l t h e w i n d s t h a t b l o w " f r o m a b o v e " .

The d i v i n e l i g h t , t h e n , w o u l d f l o o d h i s s o u l , t h e

d i v i n e m u s i c w i l l r a v i s h i t a n d t h e s o u l w i l l e x p r e s s

i t s j o y by humming t h e "hymn o f t h e u n i v e r s e . "

Poem no.54 i s w h o l l y s y m b o l i c . T h e p e r f u m e o f

t h e b a b l a f l o w e r s c o m i n g f r o m t h e b e n d o f t h e r o a d -- s y m b o l i s e s t h e e m e r g e n c e o f t h e p o e t t o meet h i s

B e l o v e d . Poem 57 i s a s o n g o f p r a i s e , a hymn t o l i g h t ,

h i c h i s t h e s y m b o l o f t h e j o y o f God i n t h e a c t o f

c r e a t i o n . I t i s s w o e t a n d g l o r i o u s . D i v i n e l i g h t

illuminates t h e p o e t ' s s o u l w i t h w i s d o m , u n d e r s t a n d i n g

a n d l o v e . T h i s l i g h t f i l l s t h e w o r l d w i t h j o y a n d

b e a u t y . T h e p o e t stresses t h a t N a t u r e i s o v e r f l o o d e d

Page 7: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

w i t h D i v i n e j o y . T t i s t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f H i s

g r e a t n e s s a n d g l o r y . H e a v e n s p r o c l a i m His g l o r y .

The e n t i r e c r e a t i o n i s b e a u t i f u l a n d i t s b e a u t y i s

a n e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e l o v e o f God f o r t h e p o e t a s w e l l

a s G o d ' s g r e a t n e s s a n d g l o r y . The g o l d e n l i g h t p l a y i n g

upon t h e l e a v e s , t h e c l o u d s m o v i n g l a z i l y a c r o s s t h e

s k y a n d t h e p l e a s a n t b r e e z e f l o w i n t j a g a i n s t t h e c h e e k s

o f t h e p o e t a r e d i f f e r e n t e x p r e s s i o n s o f G o d ' s l o v e

f o r h i m . He a s s e r t s , Ityes I know, t h i s i s n o t h i n g

b u t t h y l o v e , 0 b e l o v e d o f my h e a r t -- t h i s g o l d e n

l i g h t t h a t d a n c e s u p x o n t h e l e a v e s , t h e s e i d l e c l o u d s .

s a i l i n g a c r o s s t h e s k y , t h i s p a s s i n g b r e e z e l e a v i n g

i t s c o o l n e s s upon my f o r e h e a d " ( L I X , 3 8 - 9 ) . A g a i n ,

t h e p o e t stresses, " t h i s i s t h y m e s s a g e t o my h e a r t .

Thy f a c e i s b e n t f r o m a b o v e , t h y e y e s l o o k down on my

e y e s , a n d my h e a r t , h a s t o u c h e d t h y f e e t " ( L I X , 3 9 ) .

The p o e t h a s h a d t h i s b e a u t i f u l m y s t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e

when t h e m o r n i n g l i g h t " f l o o d e d t 1 h i s e y e s . The

s p l e n d o u r o f a b e a u t i f u l dawn h a s e v e 1 b e e n a s o u r c e

o f i n s p i r a t i o n t o I n d i a ' s R i s h i s d ~ ~ d (Yjunis. The m E s s a g e

i s q u i t e c l e a r t o t h e p o e t .

Page 8: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

T h e p o e t i s g r e a t l y i n s p i r e d by t h e s i g h t o f

i n n o c e n t c h i l d r e n who g o on p l a y i n g a n d s h o u t i n g a n d

d a n c i n g d u r i n g t h e i r p l a y , u n c o n c e r n e d a b o u t t h e v a s t

m o t i o n l e s s s k y s p r e a d i n g o v e r t h e i r h e a d s a n d o v e r t h e

t e m p e s t u o u s w a t e r o f t h e o c e a n . I J a t u r e i s t h e i r m o t h e r ,

a s i t i s t o t h e p o e t , a n d t h e y a r e n o t a f r a i d o f h e r

u n p l e a s a n t a s p e c t s . They l o v e h e r whcn s h e smiles

upon t h e m , t h e y l o v e h e r e v e n whcn s h e f r o w n s a n d i s

a n g r y . T h e r o a r o f t h e d e s t r u c t i v e s e a w a v e s i s s w e e t

t o t h e m l i k e a m o t h e r ' s l u l l a b y . T h e p o e t ' s f e e l i n g s

a r e i d e n t i f i e d w i t h t h e f e e l i n g s o f c h i l d r e n a n d h e

e n t e r s i n t o a m y s t i c a l i n t i m a c y w i t h m o t h e r N a t u r e .

To t h o p o e t o f G i t a n j a l i t h e I n f i n i t e o b j e c t i f i e s

H i m s e l f t h r o u g h t h e c o u n t l e s s o b j e c t s a n d phenomcn,3 o f

N a t u r e , t h r o u g h h e r c o u n t l e s s f o r m s a n d s h a p e s . He

i s t h e U n i v e r s a l S o u l -- a s W o r d s w o r t h p u t s i t , a n d

a c c o r d i n g t o o u r p o e t t h e s o u l o f man a n d t h e s o u l o f

n a t u r e a r e d e r i v e d f r o m t h i s U n i v e r s a l S o u l . T h a t i s

why h e s a y s t h a t t h e same l i f e t h a t r u n s t h r o u g h h i s

v e i n s a l s o r u n s t h r o u g h t h e v e i n s o f t h e c o u n t l e s s

o b j e c t s o f n a t u r e . Poem n o . 6 9 o p e n s , "The same s t r e a m

Page 9: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

o f l i f e t h a t r u n s t h r o u g h my v e i n s n i g h t a n d d a y r u n s

t h r o u g h . t h e w o r l d a n d d a n c e s i n r h y t h m i c m e a s u r e s "

(LXIX, 4 6 ) .

D i v i n e L i fe f i n d s a j o y f u l m e l o d i o u s e x p r e s s i o n

t h r o u g h t h e s o u n d s o f n a t u r e . The e n t i r e c r e a t i o n

i s a m u l t i - c o l o u r e d , g o r g e o u s show, a n e t e r n a l d r a m a

i n w h i c h t h e p o e t i s a l w a y s s e e k i n g t h e s u b l i m e a n d t h e

s u b l i m e i s e v e r s e e k i n g him. I n t h e m y s t i c i s m e x p r e s s e d

i n G i t a n j a l i , t h e I n f i n i t e i s a s e a g e r t o u n i t e Himself

w i t h t h e p o e t a s h e i s t o u n i t e w i t h t h e I n f i n i t e .

I t i s God who a w a k e n s t h e p o e t t o t h e b e a u t y a n d

e n c h a n t m e n t o f H i s c r e a t i o n . And h e f e e l s t h a t t h e

w h o l e c r e a t i o n i s G o d ' s L i l a a n d God, l i k e , t h e p o s t . - t a k e s j o y i n i t s b e a u t y , a s a c h i l d t a k e s j o y i n h i s

t o y s . The A l l B e a u t i f u l p l a y s w i t h t h e b e a u t i f u l

c o l o u r s , l i g h t a n d s h a d e o f t h i s c r e a t i o n , f c e l s t h e

p o e t o f G i t a n j a l i .

T h e p o e t v e r y s t r o n g l y f e c l s t h a t t h e A l l - p o w e P f u l

i s b e h i n d a l l t h e a c t i v i t y t h a t g o e s on i n n a t u r e .

I t i s He who makes t h e s e e d s s p r o u t , b u d s b l o s s o m i n t o

f l o w e r s a n d f l o w e r s r i p e n i n t o f r u i t s . I n poem no.81 .

Page 10: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

h e w r i t e s , I tHiddcn i n t h e h e a r t o f t h i n g s t h o u a r t

n o u r i s h i n g s e e d s i n t o s p r o u t s , b u d s i n t o b l o s s o m s ,

a n d r i p e n i n g f l o w e r s i n t o f r u i t f u l n e s s " ( L X X X I , 5 4 ) .

T h i s i s i n d e e d a b e a u t i f u l p a s s a g e w h i c h r e v e a l s

T a g o r e a n n a t u r e m y s t i c i s m v e r y v i v i d l y . Communion

w i t h t h e One " h i d d e n i n t h e h e a r t o f t h i n g s " e n a b l o ;

t h e p o e t t o b e g i n anew a n d f i n d h i s " g a r d o n f u l l w i t h

w o n d e r s o f f l o w e r s . " T h e D i v i n e c r e a t e d t h e u n i v e r s e

by d i v i d i n g Himse l f , s e p a r a t i n g p a r t s o f Himself and

g i v i n g t h e m i n n u m e r a b l e b e a u t i f u l s h a p e s , c o l o u r s a n d

s o u n d s . So w h a t w e p e r c e i v c t h r o u g h t h e s e n s e s a re

s o many d i f f e r e n t p a r t s o f t h e S u p r e m e S o u l . N a t u r e

m y s t i c i s m o f t e n t e n d s t o b e p a n t h e i s t i c .

I n t h e g l o r y a n d s p l e n d o u r o f t h e m y r i a d f o r m s o f

t h e u n i v e r s e , t h e p o e t sees t h e r e f l e c t i o n o f t h e

g r e a t n o s s a n d g l o r y o f God who i s f o r m l e s s a n d i n f i n i t e .

He h a s r e a l l y e x p e r i e n c e d t h e p l e a s u r e o f h i s ' t o u c h '

a n d h i s w h o l e body h a s b e e n t h r i l l e d by i t . After

e x p e r i e n c i n g s u c h i n e f f a b l e b l i s s h e i s c o n t e n t t o d i e

e v e n .

T h e m u l t i - c o l o u r e d b e a u t y o f N a t u r e h a d a g r e a t

Page 11: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

f a s c i n a t i o n f o r Tagore. He con fesses , "I had a deep

sense a l m o s t f r o m i n f a n c y o f t h e b e a u t y o f Na tu re . " 3

There was a l s o a ' l o n g i n g ' i n him, when young, t o r u n

away f r o m h i s "own s e l f and be one w i t h e v e r y t h i n g i n

Na tu re . la4 To h i m N a t u r e was some th i ng l i v i n g and

k i n d r e d . He f e l t c l o s e compan ionsh ip and harmony

w i t h i t . I t was f t l i v i n g " t o h i m , " i n t i m a t e l y c l o s e t o

5 h i s l i f e w a n d "permeated w i t h a s u b t l e t o u c h o f k i n s h i p " - He had "an i n t i m a t e f e e l i n g o f compan ionsh ip w i t h t h e

t r e e s and c l o u d s , and f e l t i n t u n e w i t h t h e m u s i c a l

6 t o u c h o f t h e seasons i n t h e a i r . " He was o f t e n i n

communion w i t h them i n a m y s t i c a l way.

The chasm between t h e human and t h e non-human,

l i f e and n o n - l i f e i s b r i d g e d and i t r e s u l t s i n a l i v i n g

commun ica t ion between t h e human ( t h e p o e t ) and t h e

n a t u r a l . No l o n g e r does N a t u r e a p p a r t o h i m as mute.

The R e l i g i o n o f Man 13 . - - The R e l i g i o n o f Man 107. - The R e l i g i o n of Man 62.

The R e l i g i o n o f An A r t i s t 13.

Page 12: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

Ra the r he f e e l s h i m s e l f i n communion w i t h i t . T h i s

communion a rouses h i s s e n s i b i l i t y and p r e p a r e s h i m

f o r deeper v i s i o n s .

The l i v i n g communion botwecn t h e p o e t and N a t u r e

p r o v e s t h a t t h e y a r e n o l o n g e r a l i e n t o each o t h e r .

I n Sadhana Tagore w r i t e s , "We c o u l d have n o communicat ion

wha tever w i t h o u r s u r r o u n d i n g s i f t h e y were a b s o l u t c l y

f o r e i g n t o us. "7 He a l s o emphasizes t h a t t h e r e i s a

r e g u l a r commerce bctwoen man (here t h e p o c t ) and t h e

t h i n g s of Nature . And t h i s , a c c o r d i n g t o h im, "shows

t h e r e i s a r a t i o n a l c o n n e c t i o n between h i m and n a t u r e ,

f o r we n e v e r can make a n y t h i n g o u r own e x c e p t t h a t

wh ich i s t r u l y r e l a t e d t o us." a

Tagore r e j e c t s t h e w e s t e r n a c c e n t on a sudden

i n e x p l i c a b l e b reak between n a t u r a l and human realms.

He f e e l s t h a t Itit i s l i k e d i v i d i n g t h e bud and t h e

b lossom i n t o two s e p a r a t e c a t e g o r i e s , and p u t t i n g

' Sadhana 5.

Sadhona 6.

Page 13: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

t h e i r g r a c e t o t h e c r e d i t o f t w o d i f f e r e n t and

a n t i t h e t i c a l p r i n c i p l e s . tt 9

The I n d i a n m y s t i c a l mind r e c o g n i s e s i t s u n b r o k e n

r e l a t i o n s h i p a n d k i n s h i p w i t h N a t u r e . T a g o r e h i m s e l f

w r i t e s i n C r e a t i v e U n i t l :

I n d i a h a s s a t u r a t e d w i t h h e r l o v e a n d

w o r s h i p t h e g r e a t N a t u r e w i t h w h i c h h e r

c h i l d r e n a r e s u r r o u n d e d , w h o s e l i g h t f i l l s

t h e i r e y e s w i t h g l a d n e s s , a n d w h o s e w a t e r

c l e a n s e s t h e m , whose f o o d g i v e s t h e m l i f e .

a n d from w h o s e majes t i c m y s t e r y c o m e s

f o r t h t h e c o n s t a n t r e v e l a t i o n o f t h e

I n f i n i t e i n m u s i c , s c e n t , a n d c o l o u r , w h i c h

b r i n g s i t s a w a k e n i n g t o t h e s o u l o f man. 10

The i t e m s r e f e r r e d t o h e r e , c l e a n s i n g a n d g i v i n g l i f e ,

r e f e r t o t w o o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e A b s o l u t e .

Tho p o e t c l e a r l y s t a t e s t h a t f r o m t h e m a j e s t i c

S a d h a n a 7.

l o C r e a t i v e U n i t x 62-63.

Page 14: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

m y s t e r y o f t h e s e e x p e r i e n c e i n N a t u r e h e h a s t h e

c o n t i n u o u s r e v e l a t i o n of t h e I n f i n i t e i n i t s v a r i o u s

a s p e c t s s u c h a s s c e n t a n d c l o u r a n d m u s i c a n d t h i s

I n f i n i t e a l s o b r i n g s i t s a w a k e n i n g t o a l l t h e s o u l s .

T a g o r e a s s e r t s t h a t " t h e k i n s h i p o f man w i t h c o n s c i o u s

a n d u n c o n s c i o u s c r e a t i o n a l i k o " i s t h e i d e a r u n n i n g

t h r o u g h t h e d r a m a s o f K a l i d a s a . " I n t h e s h o r t s t o r y

Hungry S t o n e s T a g o r e a t t r i b u t e s h u n g e r e v e n t o i n a n i m a t e

s t o n e s .

I t i s w i t h an u n d e r s t a n d i n g e y e t h a t T a g o r e

l o o k s a t N a t u r e . He r e j e c t s t h e h a r d a n d f a s t d e m a r c a t i o n

b e t w e e n t h e e x t e r n a l w o r l d o f N a t u r e a n d t h e w o r l d o f

s p i r i t . T h i s o p e n s t h e way f o r a s p i r i t u a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

o f N a t u r o . T h e s e l f a t t a i n s new d i m e n s i o n s by b r e a k i n g

i t s own c i r c u m s c r i b e d l i m i t s a n d r e a l i s i n g i t s k i n s h i p

w i t h t h o V a s t N a t u r e b e y o n d i t s e l f . I n - The R e l i g i o n - o f Man T a g o r e a s s e r t s t h a t h e f e l t a l a r g e r m e a n i n g

of h i s own s e l f when t h e b a r r i e r v a n i s h e d b o t w e c n h im

a n d w h a t wns b e y o n d h i m s e l f . l 2 N a t u z e i s a n e x t e r n a l

l 1 C r e a t i v e U n i t x 5. -

l 2 The R e l i g i o n o f Man 62 .

Page 15: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

m a g n i f e s t a t i o n o f t h e i m m a n e n t d i v i n i t y w h i c h i s a

p r i n c i p l e common b o t h t o t h e o u t e r w o r l d a n d i n

T a g o r e ' s b e i n g .

N a t u r e ' s f u n c t i o n , a c c o r d i n g t o T a g o r e , i s " t o

i m p a r t t h e p e a c e o f t h e e t e r n a l t o human e m o t i o n s . 111 3

T h e i n s p i r i n g a s p e c t s of N a t u r e s t i m u l a t e h i s h e a r t

t o b r e a k t h r o u g h t h e e n v e l o p m e n t o f d a r k n e s s a n d t o

r o a d t h e g r e a t m e s s a g e o f t h e A l m i g h t y r e v e a l e d t h r o u g h

H i s c r e a t i o n s . I n h i s m y s t i c a l v i s i o n , N a t u r e i s

t r a n s f o r m o d a n d a s s u m e s w i d e r m e a n i n g s . R e f e r r i n g t o

h i s m y s t i c a l e c s t a s y T a g o r e s a y s , "The i n v i s i b l e

s c r e e n o f c o m m o n p l a c e w a s r e m o v e d f r o m a l l t h i n g s a n d

a l l men. " I 4 The e x p e r i e n c e a r i s e s f r o m " t h e d r i f t i n g

t r i v i a l i t i e s o f t h e c o m m o n p l a c e l i f e . " B u t d u r i n g

t h e p e r i o d o f e c s t a s y t h e v i s i o n i s f r e e f r o m t h e

l t d i s g u i s e o f t h e o b s c u r i t y o f a n o r d i n a r y f a c t . 111 6

T a g o r e ' s p e r c e p t i o n i s n o t c o n f i n e d t o w h a t i s

C r e a t i v e U n i t 1 51 .

l 4 The R e l i g i o n o f Man 58 .

l5 The R e l i g i o n o f Man 59. - T h e R e l i g i o n o f Man 58.

Page 16: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

s u p p l i e d b y i m m e d i a t e s e n s e p e r c e p t i o n . T h e v a s t

N a t u r e h e a p p r e h e n d s i s f a r i n excess 6F t h e d a t a

r e c e i v e d b y h i s n o r m a l s e n s e s . Even t h e o r d i n a r y

f a c t s a r e r e v e a l e d w i t h a d e e p e r s i g n i f i c a n c e . His

w o r l d o f e x p e r i e n c e i n a momen t s e e m e d t o b e c o m e

l i g h t e d , a n d f a c t s t h a t were d e t a c h e d a n d d i m f o u n d

a g r e a t u n i t y o f m e a n i n g . What t h e r a g o r e o f G i t a n j a l i

p e r c e i v e s i s N a t u r e i n i t s e n t i r e t y , N a t u r e a s t h e

D i v i n e , a n d n o t m e r e l y a s t h e i s o l a t e d o b j e c t s of

s e n s e p e r c e p t i o n . His i m m e d i a t e s u r r o u n d i n g i s

t r a n s f i g u r e d a n d t h e v a s t n a t u r e e m e r g e s w i t h a m e a n i n g

w i d e r t h a n w h a t i s o r d i n a r i l y a p p r e h e n d e d . E v e r y t h i n g

t h a t a p p e a r s b e f o r e h i m i s b a t h e d w i t h a n i n n e r

i l l u m i n a t i o n w h i c h c l o t h e s t h e m w i t h d e e p e r m e a n i n g s

u s u a l l y m i s s e d i n mere s e n s e a w a r e n e s s . 1 7

I n G i t a n j a l i N a t u r e i s i n v e s t e d w i t h a d i g n i t y .

L o r t e i n l y t h e n a t u r a l s u r r o u n d i n g s p e r c e i v c c l t h r o u g h

p h y s i c a l s e n s e s a r e n o t i g n o r e d , b u t a r e v i e w e d a s c u e s

i n s p i r i n y t h e dawn o f a w i d e r v i s i o n . T h e p o e t ' s

l 7 U h u p e n d r a N a t h 4 1 .

Page 17: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

m y s t i c e l v i s i o n f l o o d s N a t u r e w i t h a n i l l u m i n a t i o n

which a d d s new d i m e n s i o n s and mean ings t o it.

N a t u r e h a s been a s o u r c e o f i n s p i r a t i o n t o many

i n t h e i r m y s t i c q u e s t . The R i g v a d i c s e e r s had a s o r t

o f q u a s i v i s i o n o f t h e Supreme T r u t h - i n t h e m i d s t o f

n a t u r a l phenomena a n d t o them n a t u r e was a l i v i n g

i n s p i r a t i o n , w i t h wh ich t h e y a l w a y s r e m a i n e d i n d i r e t c t

communion. T h e r e i s Melwida von Meysenburg , t h e

German I d e a l i s t who c o n f e s s e s , nI was a l o n e upon t h e

s e a s h o r e a s a l l t h e s e t h o u g h t s f l o w e d o v e r me,. l i b e r a t i n g

end r e c o n c i l i n g : . . . E a r t h , heaven end see r e s o u n d

o f a s i n o n e v e s t w o r l d e n c i r c l i n g harmony. ThomaSi

T r e h e r n e i s c l e a r e r . He a f f i r m s :

Your e n j o y m e n t o f t h e w o r l d i s n e v e r

r i g h t till e v e r y morn ing you awake i n

Heaven; sea y o u r s e l f i n y o u r F a t h e r ' s

P a l a c e , end l o o k upon t h e s k i e s , t h e e a r t h ,

and t h e a i r a s C e l e s t i a l J o y s , . . . you

n e v e r e n j o y t h e w o r l d a r i g h t t i l l t h e

S e a i t s e l f f l o w e t h i n t o y o u r v e i n ,

till you are c l o t h e d w i t h t h e

H.N. S i r c e r , Hindu M y s t i c i s m (London: 1934) 15.

l 9 Qtd. i n R.C. Z s e h n e r 38.

Page 18: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

h e a v e n s a n d c r o w n e d w i t h t h e s t a r s . 2 0

N a t u r e o c c u p i e s a v e r y p r o m i n e n t p l a c e i n t h e

m y s t i c i s m o f S t . F r a n c i s o f AssiSi. A s W.R. I n g e

r e m a r k s , h e l o v e s t o s e e a l l a r o u n d h i m t h e " p u l s a t i o n

o f o n e l i f e , w h i c h s l e e p s i n t h e s t o n e s , d r e a m s i n t h e

p l a n t s a n d w a k e n s i n men." O t h e r F r e n c h m y s t i c s

F c n e l o n a n d F r a n c i s d e S a l e s w r i t c g r a c e f u l l y a b o u t

t h e f o o t p r i n t s o f t h o D i v i n e Wisdom a n d b e a u t y w h i c h

may b e t r a c e d e v e r y w h e r e i n t h e w o r l d a r o u n d u s . I n

Zen m e d i t a t i o n t h e human s o u l f i n d s a n a f f i n i t y w i t h

a n d " p e n e t r a t e s i n t o t h e h e a r t of' N a t u r e , n o t h e r

a c t i v e a g i t a t e d a s p e c t s , b u t t h e P u r i t y a n d s e r e n i t y

p e r v a d i n g t h e u n i v e r s e . 112 2

A c c o r d i n g t o t h e S u f i m y s t i c J a l s l u d d i n Humi, [iod

h a s s e t H i s l i k e n e s s on a l l t h i n g s . To him:

The w o r l d i s G o d ' s 11ure m i r r o r c l o a r .

To e y e s f r e e d f r o m t h e c l o u d s w i t h i n .

Wi th l o v e ' s e y e s i n t h a t m i r r o r peer,

2 u B e r t r a m D o b e l l , e d . , C e n t u r i e s o f M e d i t a t i o n - ( L o n d o n : 1 9 0 8 ) 29.

2 1 I n g e , 3 0 2 .

2 2 R a d h a k a m a l I l u k h e r j e c , T h c T h e o r y and A r t o f M y s t i c i s m (New York : A s i a P u b l i s h i n g H o u s e , 1 9 6 0 ) 269 .

Page 19: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

And see God i n t h i n e own s e l f , k i n . 23

The T a g o r e o f W a l i -- may b e r a n k e d among t h e

l e a d i n g m y s t i c s f o r whom N a t u r e h a s a l w a y s b e e n a s o u r c e

o f i n s p i r a t i o n a n d a m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f t h e I n f i n i t e .

I n f a c t , i t e m e r g e s w i t h d e e p e r s i g n i f i c a n c e . T a g o r c ' s

p o s i t i o n , h o w e v e r , may b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m t h o s e

n a t u r e m y s t i c s who h o a r a d i v i r ~ c \ ~ r ~ j i : c i n t h e o u t e r

u n i v e r s e , b u t miss i t s v i b r a t i o n s i n t h e i r i n n e r s o u l .

N a t u r e ' s m a j e s t y m a k e s a d e e p i m p r e s s i o n on t h e T a g o r e

o f G i t a n j a l i , b u t i t i s n o t a l l o w e d t o o b s c u r e t h e - t r u t h o f h i s i n n e r b e i n g . The m y s t i c i l l u m i n a t i o n

w h i c h b r i g h t e n s t h e w o r l d o f N a t u r e a l s o s e n d s i t s

r e f l e c t i o n s t o d i s p e l t h e d a r k n e s s f r o m w i t h i n t h e

p o e t . S p l e n d o u r s o f N a t u r e . a i d h i m i n t h e r e a l i z a t i o n

o f t h e i n n e r e n l i g h t e n m e n t . I n t h e b e a u t i e s o f N a t u r e

h e r e a d s a m e s s a g e w h i c h e n a b l e s h i m t o r e a l i z e t h e

t r u t h o f h i s own i n n e r b e i n g .

No I n d i a n p o e t s i n c o t h o V e d i c t imes h a s f e l t s o

i n t e n s e l y t h e p r e s e n c e o f God b e h i n d t h e p h e n o m e n a o f

2 3 i l t d . i n Edward G a l l , 1 , l y s t i c i s m T h r o u g h Ages ( L o n d o n : H i d e r , n . d . ) 185.

Page 20: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

N a t u r e , a n d i t i s j u s t i n t h i s n a t u r e - m y s t i c i s m t h a t

t h e o r i g i n a l i t y o f T a g o r e i s t o b e f o u n d . P r i m a f a c i e

t h e s t a t e m e n t m i g h t seem q u i t e s t a r t l i n g . And s o m e o n e

c o u l d v e r y w e l l a s k , i s n o t t h i s n a t u r e m y s t i c i s m t h e

v e r y c o r e of t h e U p a n i s h a d i c t e a c h i n g s , w h i c h

e m p h a s i z e t h e i d e n t i t y o f t h e s p i r i t o f man and t h e

s p i r i t o f t h e u n i v e r s e ?

C e r t a i n l y , T a g o r e i s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e

d o c t r i n e s o f t h e U p a n i s h a d s a n d t h e Gita when h e

r e j o i c e s i n t h e k i n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e s p i r i t i n a l l

t h i n g s a n d h i s own s o u l a n d t h e i n f i n i t e s p i r i t i n . t h e u n i v e r s e . He d o e s r e p e a t e d l y r e f e r t o t h e s a y i n g s

o f t h e U p a n i s h a d s a n d a t t imes e v e n a n n o t a t e s them.

J u s t t o c i t e o n e i n s t a n c e , h e w r i t e s i n S a d h a n a ,

"The U p a n i s h a d s s a y w i t h g r e a t e m p h a s i s , know t h o u t h e

One, t h e S o u l . I t i s t h e b r i d g e l e a d i n g t o t h e i m m o r t a l

b e i n g . " The c o n c l u s i o n o f t h e s e n t e n c e l e a d i n g t o t h e

a b o v e s t a t e m e n t r e a d s , " . . . a l l t h e p e t t y d e t a i l s

o f o u r l i f e r e v e a l a n i n f i n i t e p u r p o s e , a n d a l l o u r

t h o u g h t s a n d d e e d s u n i t e t h e m s e l v e s , i n s e p a r a b l y i n

Page 21: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

a n i n t e r n a l ha rmony . 1124

a The Uhgavad G i t e m u s t h a v e b e e n a v c r y p o t e n t

A

i n f l u e n c e on T a y o r e . He a f f i r m s i n G i t a n i a l i , -- "The

same s t r e a m o f l i f e t h a t r u n s t h r o u g h my v e i n s n i g h t

a n d d a y r u n s t h r o u g h t h e w o r l d " (LXIX, 4 6 ) . One f i n d s

i n t h e G i t a , d o c t r i n c s w h i c h u n d o u b t e d l y c o r r o b o r a t e

Ihis p o i n t . I n c h a p t e r o e v c n Ll~rbrc a r c sonic v c r y

s t r i k i n g s t a t e m e n t s . S t a n z a no .4 o f c h a p t e r s e v e n

s c a d s , "Enrt.11, ws tc r , f i r e , a i r , a t h e r , mind a n d

u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d s e l f - s e n s e -- t h i s i s t h c e i g h t f o l d

d i v i s i o n o f My n a t u r e . 25 S t a n z a s e v e n t o t e n s e e m .

t o a n n o t a t e t h e f o u r t h s t a n z a . I n t h e s e v e n t h s t a n z a

we f i n d , " T h e r e i s n o t h i n g w h a t e v e r t h a t i s h i g h e r

t h a n I . . . . A l l t h a t i s h e r e i s s t r u n g on me a s

r o w s o f gems on a s t r i n g . " 26 H e r c t h e r c f c r c n c e i s

t o t h e e s s e n t i a l o n e n e s s b e t w e e n t h e I n f i n i t e a n d the f i n i t e n a t u r e s .

T h e f o l l o w i n g t h r e e s t a n z a s make t h e p o i n t c l e a r e r .

24 S a d h a n a 29 .

25 G i t a 7 : 4 .

' 2 6 G i t a 7:7.

Page 22: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

I am t h e t a s t e i n t h e water . . . . I am

t h e l i g h t i n t h e moon end t h e sun. I am t h e

e y l l e b l s 'Auml i n a l l t h e Vedas, I em t h e

sound i n e t h e r and manhood i n men. I em

t h e pu re f r ag rance i n e e r t h and b r i gh tness

i n f i r e . I am t h e l i f e i n a l l ex i s tence

and t h e a u s t e r i t y i n escet ics . 2 7

The t e n t h s tanza o f t h e G i t s t o o i s ve r y revea l i ng .

Kr iehna t e l l s Arjuna, "Know me . . . t o be the e ter ,na l

seed o f a l l ex is tences. I am t h e i n t e l l i g e n c e o f t h e

i n t e l l i g e n t , I am t h e sp lendour o f t h e splendid." 2 8

Tagore e n t i t l e s h i s "p rec ious l i f e b loodn G i t e n j a l i , '

most p robab ly , because he was so much i n f l u e n c e d by

t h e Gita.

The i n f l u e n c e o f t h e Upanishads and t h e G i t a on

Tagore's Nature mys t i c i sm i n G i t e n j a l i i s obvious ae

he r e j o i c e s i n t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between t h e s p i r i t i n

a l l t h i n g s and h i s own s o u l and t h e i n f i n i t e s p i r i t

i n t h e universe. Nevartheleea, t he re i s a d i f f e rence .

27 G i t a 780.

G i t a 7810.

Page 23: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

T h e Atma-Brahma i d e n t i t y p r e s e n t e d i n t h e U p a n i s h a d s

i s n o t l e a r n t f r o m N a t u r e , t h o u g h a f e w h i n t s a re

t h e r e i n t h e e a r l y s c r i p t u r e s . Even i n t h e G i t a it

a p p e a r s o n l y i n t h e d o c t r i n e o f t h e d i v i n e i m m a n e n c e .

A g a i n t h e y d o n o t p r e s e n t t h e p a s s i o n a t e l o v e f o r

n a t u r e a n d t h e j o y i n t h e l i f e o f t h e w o r l d a n d t h e

d i s c o v e r y o f t h e I n f i n i t e b e h i n d t h e f i n i t e p h e n o m e n a

o f N a t u r e a n d e n t e r i n g i n t o m y s t i c a l communion w i t h H i m , o f - .

s o ~ I ~ a r a c t o r i s t i c ~ T a g o r e ' s p o e t r y i n G t a n j a l i .

T h e o n l y c l e a r p a r a l l e l i n I n d i a n p o e t i c h o r i z o n

i s K a l i d a s a . O b v i o u s l y , K a l i d a ' s p a s s i o n a t e l o v e f o r ,

N a t u r e a n d h i s l o n g i n g a n d a d m i r a t i o n f o r t h e t a p o v a n a

h a v e made d e e p i m p r e s s i o n s on Tagore . . Z 9 piany a t ime

T a g o r e r e f e r s t o K a l i d a s a i n h i s w r i t i n g s . B u t t h e

r e l i g i o u s e l e m e n t i n T a g o r e ' s w r i t i n g s i s a b s e n t i n

K a l i d a s a ' s l o v e o f n a t u r e , i n s p i t e o f h i s i n t e n s e

l o v e a n d a c c u r a t e knowleclgu i n a u n t a i ~ ~ s , t r e e s arid

f l o w e r s . He h a d s y m p a t h e t i c i n s i g h t s i n t o N a t u r e .

He d i d i n t e r f u s e t h e w o r k i n g s o f N a t u r e w i t h human

29 T h e R e l i g i o n nT Man 103-104 . - -

Page 24: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

f e e l i n g s , b u t h e d o e s n o t s e e m t o h a v e a v i s i o n o f

t h e U n i v e r s a l S p i r i t b e h i n d i t . He s i n g s o f t h e

h a r m o n y b e t w e e n man a n d N a t u r e , b u t n o t o f m a n ' s

r e a l i z a t i o n o f God t h r o u g h n a t u r e .

P e r h a p s t h e c a r d i n a l d o c t r i n e s o f maya ( i l l u s i o n )

a n d k a r m a w h i c h p o s t u l a t e e q u i v a l e n t r e t r i b u t i o n f o r

t h e a c t i o n s i n S a m n a r a , - w h i c h r e s u l t s i n t h e

t r a n s m i g r a t i o n o f s o u l s , h a d b e e n s t r o n g f o r c e s i n

operation, h i n d e r i n g s u c h a development. T h c s c

d o c t r i n e s , e a c h i n i t s own way, w i l l p r e v e n t a r e a l l y

r e l i g i o u s l o v e f o r N a t u r e . I f t h e w o r l d i s a mere ,

i l l u s i o n c a u s e d by a v i d y a w h i c h r e l i g i o u s s o u l w i l l

d e v e l o p a r e l i g i o u s l o v e f o r i t ?

A r e l i g i o u s v i e w o f N a t u r e a n d a l o v e f o r i t c a n

c o m b i n e o n l y i f t h e s e d o c t r i n e s l o s e t h e i r g r i p on

t h e human h e a r t . T h i s i s w h a t h a s h a p p e n e d i n t h e

c a s e of t h e T a g o r e o f G i t a n j o l i . He t o o k from t h e

U p a n i s h a d s j u s t a s much as w a s i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h h i s

own p e r s o n a l c o n v i c t i o n . He a c c e p t e d s u c h i d e a s a s

t h e u n i t y o f t h e human s o u l a n d t h e U n i v e r s a l S o u l .

Page 25: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.inshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/6113/10/11_chapter 4.pdf · One of the most striking features of Tagore's Gitanjali is the sublime role nature

The d o c t r i n e s o f maya, k a r m a a n d samsara i n f l u e n c e d

h i m t h e l e a s t a s h i s m i n d w a s s t e e p e d i n w e s t e r n

e d u c a t i o n a n d c u l t u r e . I n c o n c l u s i o n , t h e n a t u r e

m y s t i c i s m i n t h e p o e m s o f G i t a n j a l i i s t h e e n d p r o d u c t

o f a h a r m o n i o u s c o n f l u e n c e . T a g o r e ' s p a s s i o n a t e f e e l i n g

f o r t h e g l o r i e s o f N a t u r e , f o u n d i n t h e o l d e s t s t r a t a

o f t h e V e d a s c o m e s f i r s t . H i s b e l i e f i n t h e a f f i n i t y

o f t h e human w i t h t h e D i v i n e S p i r i t d i s c e r n i b l e i n t h e

U p a n i s h a d s c o m e s n e x t . H i s own o r i g i n a l " s a c r e m e n t a l

v i s i o n " o f t \ i a t u r e , c o n s p i c u o u s i n many C h r i s t i a n

m y s t i c s i s y e t a n o t h e r .

T h e p o e t o f G i t a n j a l i i s o v e r p o w e r e d by t h e j o y

i n t h e l i f e o f t h e u n i v e r s e . H i s n a t u r e m y s t i c i s m

h e r e , i s , t h u s , c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h i s m y s t i c i s m

o f j o y . T h e r e f o r e t h e n e x t c h a p t e r w i l l d e a l w i t h

t h e m y s t i c i s m o f j o y .