331 Hours,

1 PhD,

1 Great (Old!) Friend

>The Impact of (“Less-than-Super”) Shells on Star-Forming Molecular Clouds

>Alyssa A. Goodman>Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

>Carl’s Birthday Party>Arecibo, September 2004

>

Super & “Less-than-Super” Shells

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“Less-than-Super” Shells

Super Shells (>>10 pc diameter) produced by SN(e), GRBsDrive ISM turbulence on large scales Trigger molecular cloud formation (and subsequent

star formation)?

“Less-than-Super” Shells (<10 pc diameter) from stellar winds/HII RegionsTrigger star formation in extant molecular clouds?Help Marijke et al. create the added structures?

Barnard’s Ophiuchus

COMPLETE (Re)Discovery of a Heated Smoke Ring in

Ophiuchus

D. Li, A. Goodman, J. Li & S. Schnee 2004

2 pc

Alyssa A. Goodman, Principal Investigator (CfA)João Alves (ESO, Germany)

Héctor Arce (Caltech)Paola Caselli (Arcetri, Italy)

James DiFrancesco (HIA, Canada)Jonathan Foster (CfA, PhD Student)

Mark Heyer (UMASS/FCRAO)Helen Kirk (HIA, Canada)

Di Li (CfA)Doug Johnstone (HIA, Canada)

Naomi Ridge (CfA)Scott Schnee (CfA, PhD student)

Mario Tafalla (OAN, Spain)Tom Wilson (ESO, Germany)

COMPLETE

The COordinated Molecular Probe Line Extinction Thermal Emission Survey

Dust Column Density

DustTemperature

Barnard’s Ophiuchus

Ionized Gas in the Ophiuchus Smoke Shell

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Smoke Signals from Ophiuchus

HeatedDustRing

Re-calibrated IRAS Dust Column Density Re-Calibrated IRAS Dust Temperature

ROSAT PSPC

Regionknownas

“-OphCluster”

In each panel where it is sho n, the white ring shows a 2 pc circle,corresponding to the size and shape of the heated ring apparent in the IRAS

Temperature Map.

ROSAT Pointed Observation

Real -OphCluster

insideheated ring

1RXS J162554.5-233037

The star-Ophand

RXJ1625.5-2326

from Goodman, Gaensler, Lada, Wolk & Schnee 2003/4 Chandra/XMM Proposals

??0.5 x 1051 erg SN

into 105 cm-3

2 pc in 200,000 yr T=38K

vexp=1.7 km s-1

??

Questions we can address:

Which matters “most” inside what kind of molecular clouds: babys (YSOs), adults (O & B star winds), or ghosts (SNe)?

What is the “expected” combination of these in a given region? (Spitzer key for this)

How can we tell a wimpy SNR from a stellar wind? (X-rays (& You-Hua) key)

So far: Ophiuchus Shell Paper: Li, D., Goodman, A., Li, J., Ridge, N. & Schnee, S. 2004, ApJ, in

prep Perseus Shell Paper: Ridge, N., Goodman, A., Li, J. & Schnee, S. 2004, ApJ, in prepIRAS Re-analysis Method: Schnee, S., Goodman, A., Li, J. & Ridge, N. 2004, ApJ, in prep

COMPLETE Warm Dust Emission

shows

Great Bubble in Perseus

??

2 x 1051 erg SNinto 104 cm-3

5 pc in 1 MyrT=30K

vexp=1.5 km s-1

??

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Dust Density & Temperature in Perseus

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Total Dust Column (0 to 15 mag AV) (Based on 60/100 microns)

Dust Temperature (25 to 45 K)(Based on 60/100 microns)

Hot Source in a Warm Shell

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Column Density Temperatur

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IRAS Ndust

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2MASS/NICER Extinction

Why “COMPLETE”?

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IRAS Column Density

IRASTemperature

NICER Extinction Map

Alves, Lombardi & Foster+ 2004

Schnee et al. 2004Ridge et al. 2004

Why “COMPLETE”?

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IRAS Column Density

IRASTemperature

NICER Extinction Map

Alves, Lombardi & Foster+ 2004

Schnee et al. 2004Ridge et al. 2004

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Perseus

IRAS + FCRAO

(~100,000 13CO Spectra)

Giving Carl’s ISM Students all they Need to do His Calculations

Direct Imaging (X-ray, uv, optical, near-infrared)

Continuum & Line Imaging (shows hot, excited shells)

Extinction mapping (true column density)

Thermal Emission from Dust (mid & far-infrared, sub-mm)

Reveals (and is biased by) dust temperature

Spectral-Line Mapping (radio)

Reveals gas motion (+temperature & composition)

“But what about the Magnetic Field?”

Polarization

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Goodman et al. 1990

Polarization

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For the “Real” Molecular

Cloud People…

please Please Ask Me Later 140

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Log (Equivalent AV [mag])

IRASlog normal fit to

IRAS column density

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log normal fit to 2MASS column density

(all panels)

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13CO

Implied Column Density Distributions and lognormal Fits(Perseus COMPLETE data)

Embracing the Confusion is

The Key to Understanding

conspiracies of chemical depletion, optical depth, excitation,

Tdust, Tgas, “,” can be critically misleading

(especially for gullible theorists)

Theory(Good Old Days)

Observation

(Now)

Shu, Adams & Lizano 1987