2014 water conservation and efficiency plan€¦ · water efficiency: a guidebook for small &...

CITY OF ORILLIA

Water Conservation and Efficiency Plan

2014

This plan was prepared by the Environmental Services Department of the City of Orillia. Should you have any questions or comments regarding the information included in this

plan, please contact:

Kyle Mitchell, B. Sc. Env Mgmt, C.Tech, EPt Manager of Water Resources, Environmental Services Department, City of Orillia

705-325-3224 [email protected]

2014 Water Conservation and Efficiency Plan Pg.3

Table of Contents 1 Terms of Reference ................................................................................................. 5

2 Introduction and Summary ....................................................................................... 6

2.1 Objectives and scope of plan ............................................................................. 6

2.2 Summary of the Plan .......................................................................................... 8

3 Study Area Characteristics ..................................................................................... 11

3.1 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................... 11

3.1.1 Environmental Characteristics ................................................................... 12

3.1.2 History of Orillia water................................................................................ 12

3.1.3 Current and projected population .............................................................. 14

3.1.4 Projected non-residential development...................................................... 14

3.2 Existing and historical water use ...................................................................... 15

3.2.1 Residential water use ................................................................................ 16

3.2.2 Industrial/Commercial/Institutional (ICI) Water use .................................... 16

3.2.3 Unaccounted-for water (UFW) ................................................................... 17

3.2.4 Average, Maximum and Peak Day Demands ............................................ 18

3.3 Projected Water Demands ............................................................................... 18

3.3.1 Methodology .............................................................................................. 19

3.3.2 Residential ................................................................................................. 19

3.3.3 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional ..................................................... 19

3.3.4 Unaccounted-for Water.............................................................................. 20

4 Water Supply.......................................................................................................... 20

4.1 Groundwater Supply ........................................................................................ 20

4.2 Existing Surface Water Sources ....................................................................... 21

4.3 Alternative New Supplies ................................................................................. 22

4.4 Existing Water System ..................................................................................... 22

4.4.1 System Permitted Maximum Pumping Rate .............................................. 22

4.4.2 System Age ............................................................................................... 22

4.4.3 System Materials ....................................................................................... 23

4.4.4 Climate Change & Drinking Water ............................................................. 24


5 Past / Current Water Efficiency Program ............................................................... 25

5.1 Summary of past water efficiency and conservation programs ........................ 25

5.1.1 Municipal Conservation Measures ............................................................. 25

5.1.2 Residential measures ................................................................................ 26

6 Review of Water Efficiency Measures .................................................................... 27

6.1 Measures appropriate for study area ............................................................... 27

6.2 Opportunities apparent from water-use data .................................................... 28

6.2.1 ICI Measures ............................................................................................. 28

6.2.2 Residential Measures ................................................................................ 28

6.2.3 Description of Municipality O&M measures ............................................... 29

7 Evaluation of Measures .......................................................................................... 34

7.1 Criteria ............................................................................................................. 34

7.1.1 Water Savings ........................................................................................... 34

7.1.2 Cost and cost-effectiveness ....................................................................... 35

7.2 Results of Evaluation ....................................................................................... 35

7.2.1 Qualitative evaluation, feasibility, and acceptability ................................... 35

7.2.2 Cost benefit analysis ................................................................................. 41

7.2.3 Comparison of alternative vs. criteria ........................................................ 41

7.2.4 Measure that could be designed into new development ............................ 41

8 Recommended Water Management Plan .............................................................. 42

8.1 Recommended water efficiency Program ........................................................ 42

8.1.1 Implementation of additional measures ..................................................... 42

8.1.2 Management of the program ..................................................................... 48

8.1.3 Recommended near-term action ............................................................... 49

References .................................................................................................................... 50

Appendix A: Worksheet ................................................................................................. 52

Appendix B: 5 Year Water Consumption ....................................................................... 55


1 Terms of Reference

AWWA - American Water Works Association: An organization that provides leadership in managing water services to promote sustainable practices within the United States. CCTV – Closed Caption Television: An inspection technique deployed by municipalities to televise the conditions of their underground infrastructure. ICI - Industrial/Commercial/Institutional: Business sector of cities made up of factories, offices, restaurants, schools, recreational facilities, etc. LID – Low Impact Developments: A stormwater management strategy that seeks to reduce run-off and source water pollution through capturing, filtering, and promoting infiltration lessening the impacts of development on source waters. OWWA – Ontario Water Works Association: An organization that provides leadership in managing water services to promote sustainable practices. PCE & TCE – Tetrachloroethylene & Trichloroethylene: Are dense, non-aqueous phase liquid and Volatile Organic Compound derived from industrial solvents that are heavier than water. Common uses are chemicals used in dry cleaning, metal degreasers, adhesives, automotive products, cleaning products, aerosols, paint removers (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition: Computer module that monitors both Water and Wastewater systems. Sector: For the purposes of this report a sector is a delineation in the type of consumer made up of both Industry/Commercial/Institutional and Residential.

UFW – Unaccounted-for-water: Water that does not generate revenue for the City. ULF – Ultra Low Flow: References toilets that use less than 5.7 L per flush. VOC – Volatile Organic Compounds: Are unstable compounds that can exist in the form of a vapour or in a liquid but generally are not dissolved well with water creating a compound that sinks or floats in water. WFP – Water Filtration Plant: A facility that cleans surface water, through filtration, disinfection to provide drinkable water. WOW – West Orillia Well: A well located within the western area of Orillia that provides groundwater to pressure zone 2.


2 Introduction and Summary

2.1 Objectives and Scope of Plan Goals

• To reduce the total water produced at the water filtration plant annually.• To develop reduction measures that meet social, economic and environmental

requirements within Orillia.• To engage the residents, industries, commercial businesses, and institutions in

water efficiency and conservation measures by providing incentives, awarenessprograms and educational measures.

• To develop measures that promote, monitor, and engage in water efficiencywithin the City of Orillia’s facilities and operations.

• To reduce non-revenue water usage throughout the municipal system.

Objectives • To review the current 5 year trend for water consumption within the City of Orillia.• Continue to promote existing water efficiency efforts and provide further

measures to reduce the impact of the residential sector of Orillia.• Invest and coordinate measures to encourage businesses and institutions to

promote efficiency and reduction efforts.• Continue efforts to reduce municipal operations water use through the revision of

operating practices and by upgrading infrastructure.• To minimize peak usage by providing education, awareness and alternative

activities for outside water use.• To establish a dynamic working document for water conservation & efficiency.

Recommended Measures: 2014 – 2019 Current Measures

Measure Goal Category Frequency Leak Detection Reduction 5 Year Cycle Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation Reduction Annual Public Education Educational Continuous In-School Education Educational Annual By-Laws Reduction Continuous Full Cost Pricing Funding Annual Rain Barrel Subsidization Reduction Continuous Metering Data Collection Continuous


Additional Measures

Measure Goal Category Frequency

ICI Measures ICI Water Efficiency Working Group Educational Twice Annually ICI Auditing Reduction Continuous Recognition Promotion Continuous Residential Measures Assessment of Residential Infrastructure Data Collection Continuous Rebate Program Reduction Continuous Municipal Measures Municipal Facilities Assessment Data Collection 10 Year Cycle Sewer & Road Maintenance - sediment control Reduction Once Landscaping Reduction Annually Metering Reduction Continuous Public Education (Updates) Educational 5 Year Cycle

In-School Education (High School / College) Educational Annually Budget Allocation: A forecasted operating budget increase of $42,500 and $60,000 increase in capital expense over five years is associated with the plan. Budget will vary from projections due to participation rate within the plan. Of the budget the following figures (Figure 1 & 2) illustrate how the budget has been allocated:

Figure 1: Budget allocation by measure.

ICI Water Efficiency Working Group

3% ICI Auditing

12%

Recognition 1%

Assessment of Residential

Infrastructure 11%

Rebate Program 36%

Municipal Facilities Assessment

6%

Sewer & Road Maintenance

3%

Landscaping 3%

Metering 6%

Public Education (Updates)

1%

In-School Education (High School /

College) 18%

Budget Allocation: By Measure


Evaluate the System

•Describe the Service Area•Describe Water Demand Level•Forecast Future Water Demand Level

Set Goals and Targets

•Match Water Efficiency Goals to Orillia'sNeeds•Set Effective Goal and Targets

Develop Efficiency Measures

•Provide measures pertaining to each sectorthat support the goals and targets set out

Screen Water Efficiency Measures

•Estimate Potential Savings from EfficiencyMeasures•Screen for Applicability, Feasibility and

Acceptability

Design the WEP

•Review Goals and Objectives •Estimate Benefits and Cost Overview•Estimate Costs of Water Efficiency•Estimate Benefits •Finalize the Plan

Figure 2: Budget allocation by Sector.

2.2 Summary of the Plan This plan was developed in conjunction with the Ontario Water Works Association’s (OWWA) Water Efficiency: A Guidebook for Small & Medium-sized Municipalities in Canada, and past water efficiency programs that have been practiced since 1997. Under the OWWA guidelines a systematic approach was adhered to during the development of the plan.

The estimated population of the City for 2013 was calculated at 30,691 residents with a relatively low annual growth forecasted at 1.01%. Water demand during the period ranging from 2009 to 2013 has resulted in an overall average of 3,904,645 m3 annually. Of this demand roughly 45% is attributed to residential consumers, 41% to

ICI 16%

Residential 47%

Municipal 37%

Budget Allocation: By Sectors


industrial, commercial, and institutional consumers (ICI), and 14% to unaccounted-for-water (UFW), which is water that does not generate revenue within the City of Orillia.

The City of Orillia is divided into two large pressure zones and a developing pressure zone in the western part of the City (Figure 10). The main supply of water for the two largest pressure zones in Orillia is generated from the Water Filtration Plant that draws its source from Lake Couchiching and two groundwater wells. A third well is operated to support the western pressure zone (Zone 2 and Zone 3) and is located in the western

section of Orillia (Figure 11). Projected growth in population over the next 20 years at current consumption rates is not forecasted to threaten overall capacity of the system. The average demand of water throughout the City, under typical conditions (average day demand) and the peak demand (maximum day demand), were found to consume roughly 28% and 32% of the current capacity, respectively. To further reduce water consumption and increase water efficiency, measures were developed, based on the observed data, to achieve three types of sub goals: education, awareness, data acquisition, and direct reduction. All sub goals are designed to support the overall goal of system wide reductions. Consumption trending, provided by the City of Orillia’s supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, was examined to determine which sector presented best opportunity for improvement. The overall system trend of water production was observed to be declining, though not all sectors are declining (Figure 4). Based on the water consumption trending data, the ICI sector of Orillia has demonstrated an increasing trend over the five year period. To address ICI consumption: • A working group will be established

to discuss opportunities and constraint, auditing practices and alternative practices.

• Auditing will be reviewed and assisted by the City of Orillia to further facilitate ICI reduction.

Figure 3: OWWA Guidebook methodology.

Residential 45%

ICI 41%

UFW 14%

Water Demand Distribution by Sector

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Water Consumption: Sector Comparison

Unaccounted for Water Residential ICI

Figure 4: A graph illustrating water consumption trends in Residential, ICI, and UFW over a five year period ranging

from 2009 - 2013.


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Average Daily Domestic Water Use (Litre per Capita)

• Acknowledgement of water efficient practices and consumption reductions will also take place publicizing businesses and institutions that have made significant efforts to conserve water.

The residential sector of Orillia has shown a continual annual decrease in consumption, with the average consumer well under the federal average of consumption values (Figure 5). To further address reduction: • An assessment of residential infrastructure resulting in

a prioritized rebate program has been integrated into the plan, which is illustrated in measure 6.2.2.2 – Rebate Program.

Measures are expected to initiate upon ratification of the plan with measures projected to be implemented in 2015.

Figure 5: Comparison of domestic water use between

Orillia and the federal average.


3 Study Area Characteristics

3.1 Demographic Characteristics The City of Orillia is located at the convergence of Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching, off Highway 11, approximately 35 km northeast of Barrie (see Figure 6: Map of City of Orillia). The current population of the City is estimated to be 30,691 residents in an area of 2,846 ha. Estimated population was determined by using the 2006 – 2011 growth rate of 1.01% from Statistics Canada, which was then extrapolated, based on the 2011 census population, over a 3 year period. The settlement area was determined from current City mapping. Figure 6: Map of the City of Orillia, is available on the City’s website at: http://www.orillia.ca/en/eservices/resources/MAP_CITY_LG.pdf

Demographically the City of Orillia consists of a higher population of seniors and youth than that of the provincial and national averages, with a median age of 45 (Statistics Canada, 2012). The 2011 census determined that 20.4% of residents 25 years and older were without any form of certificate, diploma or degree, 27.3% had obtained their high school diploma, and 52.2% had obtained a form a post-secondary education. Of the post-secondary education, 10.8% were enrolled or had completed a trade certificate, 25% were enrolled in or had received a diploma in a college level program, 2.1% obtained a university certificate below a bachelor degree, and 14.4% were enrolled in or had completed a University degree (Government of Canada, 2014).

Unemployment within the City has been consistently higher than that of the provincial average, with 10.5% of the eligible labour force in Orillia unemployed (Government of Canada, 2013). Annual incomes have also been below provincial average (49.6%) with a majority of the population (52.8%) earning $27,815 or less annually (Government of Canada, 2013).

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Education Level: Comparison

No certificate, diploma, degree High School Post Secondary

Orillia Ontario Canada Figure Figure 7: Comparison of Orillia's education level to the

provincial and federal averages.

Figure 6: Map of City of Orillia

http://www.orillia.ca/en/eservices/resources/MAP_CITY_LG.pdf


3.1.1 Environmental Characteristics The City of Orillia’s climate typically produces temperatures ranging from -8.4°C in the month of January to 20.6°C in July, but has seen extremes ranging from -37°C to 37.5°C. On average 750.6 mm of rainfall occurs within the City with the August producing the highest level of rainfall at 102.4 mm of rain and January producing the lowest rainfall with 13.9 mm. Orillia typically receives 292.6 cm of snow annually with peak month producing 89.2 cm in January (Government of Canada, 2014). Temperature and precipitation are known to cause issues pertaining to distribution system such as frost heaving, causing breaks within the system.

Soil distribution, based on current City mapping throughout the City consists of 32.5% Sandy Loam, 21.7% Loam, 18% Silty Clay Loam, 12.9% Organic,

11.9% Gravelly Sandy Loam, 3% Loamy Sand. Based on the soil textures, drainage is classified within good, imperfect and very poor categories which represent 64.1%, 23%, and 12.9% of the City of Orillia, respectively. Drainage is related to water efficiency with regards to landscaping, as it directly impacts the amount of water held within the soil for plant uptake.

3.1.2 History of Orillia water The City of Orillia’s drinking water infrastructure consists of a series of groundwater wells, a water filtration plant and a water distribution system, which supply and convey water throughout Orillia. The Water Filtration Plant supplies the majority of water throughout Orillia, which screens, filters, and disinfects potential pathogens before entering the water distribution system.

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Figure 9: Climate data showing average monthly rainfall (blue) and temperatures (red).

Figure 8: Soil Texture Map


Construction of the City’s water distribution system commenced in 1872 and by 1955 comprised of approximately 58 km of water main (City of Orillia, 2010). The length of the system is now approximately 180 km. Currently three pressure zones exist within the City of Orillia, Zone 1 which services the lower elevations within Orillia, Zone 2 which services the higher elevations, and Zone 3 which is located in the developing area of west Orillia. Three pressure reducing valves connect the two main pressure zones, allowing Pressure Zone 2 to supplement Pressure Zone 1 in times of high demand.

The original City of Orillia Water Filtration Plant (WFP) was built in 1914 and had a maximum capacity of 9,090 cubic meters per day. In 1978 the plant was expanded to its current maximum flow capacity of 33,042 cubic meters per day, which includes water drawn from Wells #1 and #2. In 2008 an air stripping process was added to the wells extraction process to remove trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC’s), which included by-products from past industries, Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The WFP has implemented new and innovative technologies to provide improvements to water quality process efficiency (City of Orillia, 2010).

Figure 10: Pressure Zoning Map of Orillia.

Figure 11: Locations of groundwater wells, reservoirs, and water filtration plant within the City of Orillia.


Three high lift pumps (one of which is a standby pump) at the WFP, pump directly into the Pressure Zone 1 distribution system and supply two reservoirs on Rosemary Road. The Rosemary Road reservoirs, with storage capacities of 1,365 m3 and 9,078 m3, essentially operate as one reservoir servicing the Pressure Zone 1 area with a total storage capacity of 10,443 m3 (City of Orillia, 2010).

Three additional high lift pumps (one standby) are used to fill the pressure Zone 2 reservoir on Harvie Hill. This reservoir was originally constructed in 1968 and had a storage capacity of 9,257 m3. The storage capacity was later reduced to 7,783 m3 to meet American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards. The reservoir also has the ability to supply water to Zone 1 via pressure reducing valves that connect the two pressure zones (City of Orillia, 2010).

The well located in West Orillia, supplies Pressure Zone 2 directly and is made up of one well pump with a variable frequency drive, two sodium hypochlorite chemical pumps, a bulk water dispensing system, and a 900mm diameter chlorine contact chamber (City of Orillia, 2010).

For further information pertaining to water facilities and processing in Orillia, the following webpage is made available by the City of Orillia.

http://www.orillia.ca/en/livinginorillia/watertreatmentfacilitiesandprocess.asp

3.1.3 Current and projected population According to Statistics Canada’s Census the 2011 population in Orillia was 30,586 persons. Between 2006 and 2011, Statistics Canada reported a growth rate of approximately 1.01%.

The majority of a population increase is anticipated to occur in West Orillia where there remains approximately 185 hectares of vacant residential land.

3.1.4 Projected non-residential development The City anticipates developing/servicing a further 119 hectares of industrial area, 16 hectares of commercial area, and 24 hectares of institutional area over the next 30 years. Assuming linear growth, industrial development is expected to occur at a rate of approximately 3.97 hectares per year, and commercial development at a rate of approximately 0.52 hectares per year. Institutional

Figure 12: The City of Orillia's current Land Use map


growth is not linear, with various developments added into the system at different times. These include Phases 2 and 3 of Lakehead University in 2015 and 2021 respectively, and the Pentecostal Church in about 2016.

Schedule A of the Official Plan (Figure 12), maps out designated land use areas within the City of Orillia and is available on the City of Orillia’s website at: http://www.orillia.ca/en/insidecityhall/resources/opschedulea.pdf

3.2 Existing and historical water use Based on information provided from the City of Orillia’s SCADA system a five year average of water production was divided into average water produced by the West Orillia Well (WOW) and the WFP. On average 1,217,967 m3 is produced from the WOW site and 2,686,678 m3 is produced at the WFP which results in a total production average of 3,904,645 m3 annually. The following figure illustrates the five year total combined water production trend from the WFP and WOW:

Figure 13: Total water produced annually by the WFP over a five year period ranging from 2009 to 2013 and trend line demonstrating decrease in production.

The above figure demonstrates that overall water production has declined since 2009.

The City’s water use is divided into two main sectors: Residential, and Industrial/Commercial/Institutional (ICI) which are tracked by the City of Orillia’s water metering program. Unaccounted-for Water (UFW), water that does not generate revenue for the City, is also monitored to evaluate water loss in the system. Water use over the past five years averages 45% residential consumption, 41% ICI consumption, which results in an average of 14% UFW.

The following sections will discuss individual sector reductions and present similar figures for comparison of reduction rates throughout the pertaining sector.

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Water Production: Five Year Trend


3.2.1 Residential water use Over the past five years the City of Orillia has observed decreasing residential consumption values with only a slight increase in 2013. The following figure demonstrates the overall consumption over the five year period.

Figure 14: Total residential consumption per year over a five year period and trend line demonstrating reduction over the five year period.

The five year average annual residential demand was found to be 1,737,693 m3 with a population of 30,691 residents. This equates to an average demand of 155 litres per capita per day or 495 litres per residential connection per day. The month of July has typically averaged the highest demand of 398,468 m3, and highest Maximum Day Demand (MDD). The month of November has typically produced the lowest monthly demand of 287,509 m3. If extrapolated annually, this produces a base demand of 3,450,114 m3, and equates to 88% of the current total annual usage and creates a seasonal use of 12%.

3.2.2 Industrial/Commercial/Institutional (ICI) Water use ICI demand are monitored through collecting meter readings throughout the City of Orillia, which were accumulated to produce a total ICI consumption value annually. The following figure shows the total ICI consumption trend over the last five years:

Figure 15: Total ICI consumption annually over a five year period and trend line demonstrating the observed increase over the five year period.

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Water Consumption: Residential Trend

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Water Consumption: ICI Trend


Based on the meter readings over a five year period, an annual ICI average was generated. The average was divided into the five year total production average from the WFP which equated to roughly 41% of the City’s total water demand. The five year average annual ICI demand was determined to be 1,617,768 m3 from the City’s 1,096 connections. This equates to an annual average of 1,476.1 m3 per ICI connection.

The current top 10 ICI users within the City consume roughly 12% of the total water produced annually. City staff will be working in conjunction with each of the top 10 ICI users to provide promotion and education on reduction and water conservation through recommended measures presented in section 6.2.1.

Consumption by municipal operations such as hydrant use, and the City’s bulk water supply typically accounts for 2% of the total ICI demand.

3.2.3 Unaccounted-for water (UFW) UFW is water that does not generate revenue for the City of Orillia. Sources of UFW can be meters that have been tampered with or are not functioning effectively, fire hydrants that have been opened without metering devices, leaks within the distribution system or before meters in property connections. Typical UFW municipal losses range between 6% - 25% across Canada with an average of 13% loss.

The City of Orillia calculates UFW through quantifying the total production of water to leave the WFP and WOW minus the sum of all metered operations (residential, ICI volumes, municipal operations and bulk water sales).

𝑼𝑭𝑾 = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 (𝑾𝑭𝑷 + 𝑾𝑶𝑾) − [𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 + 𝑰𝑪𝑰]

An annual calculation is created to track UFW and was averaged over the last 5 years resulting in a 14% UFW rate for the City of Orillia. This results in a 5 year average UFW value of 549,184 m3 annually.

The following figure illustrates the five year trend of Unauthorized UFW within the City.


Figure 16: Total UFW calculated annually over a five year period ranging from 2009 to 2013 and trend line demonstrating the observed reduction during the trend period.

The trend suggests that over a five year period UFW has been on the decline. The City of Orillia has actively engaged in the reduction of UFW through efficient water metering, leak detection efforts, and pipe replacements and repairs all designed to reduce UFW.

3.2.4 Average, Maximum and Peak Day Demands Average day demand is calculated by the average annual demand over a five year period divided into days to produce an average day demand.

𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑫𝒂𝒚 𝑫𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅 = 𝟓 𝒚𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒅÷ 𝟑𝟔𝟓 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔

Maximum day demand is the highest demand day within the five year data set which typically occurs during summer months where water consumption is increased due to seasonal use.

With the five year average total output of 3,904,645 m3, the average day demand (ADD) on the system has been calculated to be 10,698 m3 per day, which accounts for 27% of the total supply capacity of 39,592 m3 per day. Peak and Seasonal usage increases over the summer months from June through August. Maximum Day Demand (MDD) in the last five years was 17,414 m3 per day or 44% of the current system capacity. Peaking Factor (MDD divided by ADD) ranges from 1.25 to 1.65 with an average of 1.46 over the last five years.

3.3 Projected Water Demands Based on projected population growth rate (1.01%), the 5 year average production values from the two sectors, residential and ICI, along with the UFW, forecasted production values were calculated assuming conservation efforts are static.

Assuming static growth patterns, volumes associated with residential, ICI, are expected to increase due to increases in population, this in turn creates a projected increase in UFW, as UFW is roughly 14% of all water produced within the City of Orillia. The average day and max day demands are projected to increase minimally by 3% over a

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20 year period based on the forecasted growth pattern. Total water demands over the following periods are presented in the table below:

Table 1: Table displaying the total annual demand of the system on its source water and the average / maximum day demands associated with the system.

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year Total Projected Annual Demand 3,944,082 3,983,917 4,064,798 Projected Average Day Demand 10,806 10,915 11,136 Projected Maximum Day Demand 17,590 17,768 18,128

3.3.1 Methodology The forecasting calculations were conducted in conjunction with Method 1: Per Capita Water Use and an adaptation of Method 2: Projection by Customer Class found within the OWWA’s Water Efficiency: A Guidebook for Small & Medium-sized Municipalities in Canada. Initial population projection were calculated based on information obtained from within the 2011 census from Statistics Canada, which were used to project the growth in both Residential population, and ICI labour force growth rate. A growth rate of 1.01% was multiplied by the current population to determine a 5, 10, and 20 year projected population for Orillia. These populations were then multiplied by the current consumption rate per use, 45% for Residential, and 41% for ICI. The remaining was then associated with UFW. An alteration of Method 2 was used as the last ten years of data for the ICI labour force has been somewhat unstable due to the global economic recession. Appendix A – Worksheet, provides all results and is based on Chapter 2 – Evaluate Your System from the OWWA guidebook.

3.3.2 Residential With the projected growth rate of 1.01% over a five year period, the population of Orillia is expected to increase to 31,001 residents by the year 2019. This population growth will ultimately increase the annual residential demand to 1,755,244 m3. The following table illustrates the forecasted growth and demand for the residential sector of Orillia:

Table 2: Table displaying projected growth and demands associated with the residential sector based on the forecasted growth.

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year Projected Population 31,001 31,314 31,950 Projected Annual Residential Demand (m3) 1,755,244 1,772,972 1,808,967

3.3.3 Industrial, Commercial and Institutional ICI growth within Orillia over the past 10 years has fluctuated due to the global economic recession. In 2001-2006 an increase in the labour force of 8.69% was reported by Statistics Canada within the City. During the period between 2006 and 2011, a decrease in the labour force of 8.59% occurred, giving a 10 year average growth rate of 0.1%. Current statistics estimate that there are 13,350 employed


individuals within the City (Government of Canada, 2013). Based on the 10 year average labour force growth rate the projected labour force population for the next five years is 13,357 employed individuals within the City of Orillia. This would increase the annual demand associated with ICI from 1,535,276 m3 to 1,536,064 m3. The following table illustrates the forecasted growth and demand for ICI sector of Orillia. Because the growth rate has been somewhat unpredictable the current percentage of consumption for the ICI sector was applied to the overall growth within the system which resulted in the following increases:

Table 3: A table displaying the projected ICI growth and the resulting demand based on the forecasted growth.

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year Projected # Employees 14,210 14,353 14,645 Projected ICI Demand (m3) 1,634,107 1,650,612 1,684,122

3.3.4 Unaccounted-for Water Unaccounted for water is based on various factors due to water leaks, malfunctioning water meters, unmetered water usage through various operations, maintenance and firefighting functions, etc. The average percentage of UFW was extrapolated over the projected forecast resulting in the following projected UFW values:

Table 4: The forecasted UFW based on the projected annual supply of water from the WFP minus Residential and ICI demands.

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year Projected Unaccounted for Water (m3) 554,730 560,333 571,709

4 Water Supply

4.1 Groundwater Supply The City has three groundwater well supplies. Of the three wells, the well located on Mulcahy Ct. in West Orillia, serves pressure zone 2, and is capable of discharging up to 6,550 cubic meters per day. The well consists of the following equipment:

• One well pump with Variable Frequency drive• Two sodium hypochlorite chemical pumps• Bulk water dispensing system• 900mm diameter chlorine contact chamber• Allan Bradley PLC Control connected to SCADA system


Wells #1 and #2 are located within 160 meters of Lake Couchiching (Figure 11). Well #1 is located off Jarvis St, and Well #2 falls within Couchiching Beach Park and are located approximately 170 meters apart from each other. Together the wells have a combined capacity of 5,760 cubic meters per day. Past studies of Orillia’s groundwater quality determined that the water is very hard and that volatile organic compounds including PCE and TCE which were found present in well sites 1 & 2. In 2008 an air stripping process was implemented to address the levels of TCE and PCE within the water. Water from these two wells are pumped to the air stripper building that is effectively removing the TCE and PCE contaminants, and is then fed into the water filtration plant where it is subjected to chlorination and distribution.

4.2 Existing Surface Water Sources Lake Couchiching is the primary source of Orillia’s water. Lake Couchiching is supplied by Lake Simcoe, a deeper structured lake. Lake Couchiching’s shallow depth allows for light penetration to reach the bottom of the lake in the majority of its area, which produces a well-mixed lake with warmer temperatures. The lake has seen increased sodium and chloride ion concentrations over the years, which is assumed to generate from winter salting applications in the surrounding areas of Lake Simcoe and Lake Couchiching. Total phosphorus has been reported as low (10 µg/L), classifying the lake as a Mesotrophic state. Mesotrophic lakes have intermediate rates of primary productivity, which means light and nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) are available at moderate levels throughout the lake to promote primary producers (plant) growth, as oppose to excessive (Eutrophic state) and deficiency (Oligiotrophic state) conditions (Dodson, 2005). The highest volumes of phytoplankton (small organisms such as algae) have typically been found approximately 750 meters off the Orillia shoreline, which are dominated by blue-green alga. Microcystis spp. Blue-green alga can create toxic conditions in source water by secreting microcystin (Sherman, 2005). Microcystins are released once the algae dies and typically last in ambient water conditions for 10 weeks or up to several years dependent upon water conditions such as temperature and pH . If ingested the toxin causes liver damage which typically leads to symptomatic responses such as: vomiting, nausea, fatigue, and can potentially be fatal dependent on dose. Potential exposure routes to the toxin include ingestion from swimming, and improperly treated water. The toxin also impacts the aquatic ecology such as fish and mammal mortality (Butler, Carlisle, Linville, & Washburn, 2009).

Surface water is treated at the WFP located at the corner of Jarvis and Bay Street in Orillia. The plant has a maximum capacity of 33,042 cubic meters per day, which includes the water provided from Wells #1 & #2. The WFP has been successful in reducing microcystin levels to less than the detectable limit eliminating health concerns (Sherman, 2005). Taste and odour concerns are also addressed at the water plant. 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin have been found in low concentration which are known to cause taste and odor concerns. Turbidity levels occasionally need to be addressed


assumed to be due to shallow levels of the lake. There are two water intakes for the WFP, one which is composed of a 1000 mm diameter pipe with an inlet approximately 3.3 meters below average surface level and extends 374 m from the plant. The second inlet is a 600mm diameter pipe located 84.6 meters from the facility and is used in emergency situations.

4.3 Alternative New Supplies The wastewater treatment facility located on Kitchener St. in Orillia, discharges treated effluent into Ben’s Ditch, which is a tributary of Lake Simcoe. This practice aids in creating a water balance between intake and recharge. Approximately 54% of the stormwater runoff that falls within Orillia drains to Lake Simcoe and 23% drains to Lake Couchiching. There is no immediate threat or requirement within the City to obtain alternative sources of water supply.

4.4 Existing Water System

4.4.1 System Permitted Maximum Pumping Rate Although the City’s water sources have the capability of producing 39,592 cubic meters per day, restrictions on maximum pumping rate have been appointed under permit number 7638.84 FNT2, which allows the WFP to produce 5760 cubic meters per day from Well 1 & 2 and 6550 cubic meters per day from the West Orillia Well.

4.4.2 System Age Infrastructure age within the current distribution system ranges from replacement in 2013 to pipe from 1914 and is shown in the following figure:

Figure 17: Age distribution within the City of Orillia's current distribution system by length of pipe.

Unknown Age 1.85%

1914-1924 0.43%

1924-1934 1.39%

1934-1943 3.84%

1944-1953 4.60%

1954-1963 11.92%

1964-1973 15.50%

1974-1983 14.75%

1984-1993 10.20%

1994-2003 13.31%

2004-2014 22.22%

Water Distribution System: Age Distribution (%)


The figure demonstrates the distribution of age within the current distribution system. Roughly 60% of the systems distribution system has been replaced or constructed within the last 40 years.

4.4.3 System Materials Material distribution of the system was found to be dispersed fairly evenly with the system containing slightly higher Cast Iron piping compared to Ductile Iron and PVC.

Figure18: Material distribution of City of Orillia Water Distribution System 2014.

Materials listed within the current water distribution system have been designated life usefulness within the City’s Asset Management Plan, with the following values attributed:

• Cast Iron – 80 Years• Ductile Iron – 60 Years• PVC – 80 Years

A comparison of pipe age to material life expectancy was conducted resulting in the following lengths of pipe equating or exceeding their useful life within the City:

• Cast Iron – 2796 m• Ductile Iron – 1166 m

It has also been noted within the City’s Asset Management Plan that 20% of pipe fails at 75% of their useful life, 15% at 100%, and 65% at 125%. This would suggest that 524.25 meters of Cast Iron pipe is currently failing and 2,271 meters will be failing within the next 20 years. Similarly 218 meters of Ductile Iron pipe should be currently failing and 947 meters should be failing within the next 15 years.

Cast Iron 36%

Concrete 2%

Ductile Iron 30%

PVC 32%

Water Distribution System: Material Distribution


4.4.4 Climate Change & Drinking Water Climate change is expected to produce increased temperatures, shorter winters, and increased intensified rainfall over short durations due to greenhouse gases containing heat within our atmosphere. Over the past 60 years an increase of 0.86°C has been observed within the general area (Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, 2013, p. 79). This increase of temperature has also been linked to the increase in duration of stratification within Lake Simcoe. An increased stratification period has been reported to cause anoxic conditions within lakes and reduce raw water quality within the lake (Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority, 2013).This in turn can effect drinking water quality and increase the cost associated with treatment. An additional aspect of the temperature increase is the increased demand of potable water specifically in seasonal use. These increases are typically associated with hydration, increased evaporation and turf maintenance by residents. Drought and increased intensity rainfall events with decreased duration also presents concern with regards to groundwater recharge into existing wells. During increased intensity precipitation events with shortened duration, groundwater infiltration are minimized while surface runoff is increased resulting in an influx of both stormwater and deleterious substances discharging into the surrounding watersheds. Groundwater wells during these events are thus prone to decreasing volumes as the water is being diverted to the stormwater system. The City of Orillia currently has three wells that make up 30% of the City’s total water supply capacity. With increasing demand, and decreased recharge the City would have increased reliance on surface water sources and increase cost associated with treatment associated with source.


5 Past / Current Water Efficiency Program

5.1 Summary of past water efficiency and conservation programs The City of Orillia has had water efficiency programs in place since 1997. The following sections will discuss the past programs and measures that were implemented within the City of Orillia.

5.1.1 Municipal Conservation Measures

5.1.1.1 Public Information Each year flyers, advertisements or bill stuffers are provided to residents, to encourage and provide tips on efficient use of water. Keeping the public informed on water use efficiency helps to build community wide support for the program.

A peak reduction program, targeting seasonal use applications, was incorporated into past programs which addressed the promotion of water efficient gardening – information pertaining to the program is provided on the City website which can be found at: http://www.orillia.ca/en/livinginorillia/waterefficiency.asp

In-School Education Program: In 1997 a program was developed to educate students in water efficiency and conservation. The program has been modified over the years due to curriculum changes and increases in techniques. The program continues to be in place and currently engages students at the grade 5 level. The program focuses on the following aspects:

• The hydrological cycle• Why we pay for water• How much we pay for water• Where we use water• How we can reduce, reuse, retrofit and recycle water• Water Treatment• Wastewater Treatment• Stormwater• Human impacts on the hydrologic cycle/climate change

5.1.1.2 Leak detection A Leak detection program is being conducted on a 5 year cycle within the City. The program makes use of current industry technology such as acoustic monitoring that identifies leaks through turbulent noise. Additionally the City of Orillia’s Public Works Operations department identifies problematic areas including breaks, water services, and hydrant repair opportunities.

http://www.orillia.ca/en/livinginorillia/waterefficiency.asp


5.1.1.3 Pricing and Policies A revised Outdoor Water Use Policy (Currently Chapter 1019 of the City of Orillia Municipal Code) in 2008 which was adopted by Council May 5, 2008 and has been enforced for the past six years with no reported violations. Water and sewer rates are reviewed annually to reflect the full cost of treating and supplying potable water to consumers.

5.1.2 Residential measures Residential Rebate Program: A rebate program was established in 1999 that supplied residents with an economic incentive to update replace inefficient water fixtures. Between 1999 and 2007 the following rebates were associated with the program:

• Ultra low flow toilets• Low flow showerheads• Faucet aerators• Front-loading washing machines

In January 2002, the amount of rebates for the ultra-low flush toilets and front-loading washing machines were reduced from $75 to $50 and $140 to $125, respectively. In 2005 front load washing machines were again reduced to $100 and faucet replacement was removed altogether. The following table illustrates the number of rebates granted for each element totalling over the 9 year program:

Year Toilets Showerheads Faucet aerators

Front-load

Washing Machines

1999 82 21 41 50 2000 195 48 49 131 2001 254 63 61 230 2003 348 169 87 442 2004 428 203 107 658 2005 480 215 114 784 2005 552 234 118 1010 2006 729 280 118 1186 2007 1021 292 118 1383

The City introduced a subsidized rain barrel program to offset potable water use for landscaping use. Residents of Orillia are able to obtain rain barrels from the City’s waste diversion site at a reduced price of $45. Non-residents are able to obtain rain barrels at a price of $60.


6 Review of Water Efficiency Measures

6.1 Measures appropriate for study area The current demographic conditions within Orillia are correlated into the initiation of measures. For this reason measure must be socially, economically, and environmentally feasible within the City of Orillia.

Social Aspects: Retired living typically attributes higher demand on residential water usage as more time is spent within or around the homes than those of middle age who spend time at their workplace. Unfamiliarity as to the economic and environmental implications of high water usage, along with understanding why and where funding associated with water rates may not be fully understood by residents and lead to a lack of participation or misleading information within the City. The demographics of Orillia demonstrated that there were elevated levels of seniors and unemployed residents, and that diverse levels of education exist within the City of Orillia. Based on these demographic parameters, social understanding of water conservation and efficiency measures must be implemented in a method applicable to the majority population of Orillia. By creating a clear message that the population can understand, it is expected that participation in efficiency measures will increase and water consumption will decrease.

Economic Aspects: With a higher than average unemployment rate and a majority of lower income families, residential measures must be cost effective, and acceptable to capture the population demographic. Informational packages shall be incorporated into measures pertaining to how water efficiency within homes and business can reduce expenses. ICI measures must not discourage business from developing or practicing within Orillia boundaries. Implementation of municipal measures is based on the assumption of approval through budget. Therefore measures must be cost effective and provide benefits to the municipality and residents of the municipality.

Environmental Aspects: With higher water consumption there can be a variety of environmental concerns such as increase wastewater production, increased operating demand (Chemical / Electrical), and increased demand on source water quantities. Climate change is one aspect that threatens the availability of source water as increased temperatures and decreased precipitation is expected to occur as a result of global warming processes. Increased temperatures can also lead to the increased demand on the system due to rehydration, cooling and landscaping. Therefore measures should reduce consumption, increase environmental awareness, and provide alternative environmentally sustainable techniques for use.


6.2 Opportunities apparent from water-use data Based on the trending production and consumption data, the main focus of water conservation and efficiency measures within the City of Orillia is to prioritize efforts in reducing consumption in the ICI sector and reducing quantities in UFW. The trends for residential suggest that consumption has effectively been reducing, and past measures continue to be effective. Further opportunities will be pursued within the residential sector to continue emphasizing efficient and conservation techniques.

6.2.1 ICI Measures

6.2.1.1 ICI Water Efficiency Working Group Establishing communication between ICI sectors can be beneficial for both municipality and businesses. A working group made up of industry representatives is recommended to engage on water efficiency within the workplace and ICI water auditing techniques. This would present opportunities for businesses to discuss what measures have been effectively implemented and what benefit industries have seen through implementation. The City will discuss possible incentive program opportunities for the ICI sector with retrofitting facilities, and incorporation of low impact development (LID) techniques reduce seasonal usage. Low impact development techniques divert water that would typically be conveyed to stormwater piping, back into the ground. Applications include porous paving, green roofs, pervious pipe, soakaway pits. For more information on LIDs the following webpage provides detailed information pertaining to low impact developments: http://www.creditvalleyca.ca/low-impact-development/.

6.2.1.2 Auditing Water auditing of the top ten ICI users will take place annually on a continuous basis to identify feasible conservation and efficiency measures. The City will work with industry representatives to derive solutions to cost effective reduction and help monitor impacts from reductions.

6.2.1.3 Recognition Recognition in the form of water conservation and efficiency acknowledgement, such as letters of acknowledgement will be awarded for companies who can decrease water consumption rates to established conditions, or publications of achievements will be made on behalf of the City.

6.2.2 Residential Measures

6.2.2.1 Assessment of Residential Infrastructure Past water efficiency programs have concentrated on offering rebate programs to residents upgrading older utilities and fixtures to more efficient utilities and fixtures. A City wide voluntary assessment through public survey could effectively assess current residential utility/fixture efficiency to determine if rebate programs would be a viable option for future water efficiency plans. The survey could also direct what applications

http://www.creditvalleyca.ca/low-impact-development/


would gain the most response from residents, thereby allowing the City to optimize rebate options associated with the utility or fixture. The survey would be included with water billing, located on the City’s website, and would identify the following aspects: Where the home is located, how old the home is, what utilities are present, their age, and what utility would they most likely upgrade if a rebate was presented by the City.

6.2.2.2 Rebate Program Based on the results and participation of residential assessment a rebate program will be implemented.

6.2.2.3 Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement The City of Orillia will, at the request of a home owner, conduct an internal audit of residential infrastructure, suggest upgrades, and provide home owners with a certificate of acknowledgement if infrastructure is upgraded for use in resale of the home. The promotion of outside landscaping techniques can also be applied to reduce seasonal water usage.

6.2.3 Description of Municipality O&M measures Water Loss Management within the City will be of high priority due to the average percentage, 14%, of overall water lost annually without generating revenue. Cost associated with annual UFW is estimated to be $600,000 annually.

6.2.3.1 Facilities Assessment The Environmental Services Department will conduct a City wide inspection of City owned facilities and determine if the infrastructure should be deemed outdated with regards to water efficiency. If deemed outdated infrastructure will be recorded and recommendation will be made for upgrading the infrastructure to ensure facilities water use is conducted in an efficient manner. If the facility is used by the public an educational awareness of conservation and efficiency measures will be placed to promote reduction and efficiency measures. This will insure City owned facilities are not consuming excessive quantities of water, and provide opportunities within public facilities to promote awareness.

6.2.3.2 Leak Detection Leak detection is currently conducted on a 5 year annual cycle within the City and has successfully been used in the reduction of leaks throughout the system. The calculated UFW values for 2009 and 2013 were 15% and 12% respectively.

6.2.3.3 Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation In accordance with the City’s 2014 Asset Management plan, pipe renewal will be prioritized by past and projected conditions and the assigned criticality within the system. Pipe prioritization and rehabilitation will take place annually as data is reported and analyzed. Pipe renewal is an annual program within the City of Orillia and will continue to fluctuate with regards to quantity of replacement and cost association. Cost


of upkeep has traditionally been incorporated into service rates and consumption rates as part of the City’s full cost pricing.

6.2.3.4 Sewer & Road Maintenance Reducing sediment loading of storm sewers through sediment controls can effectively minimize storm sewer maintenance. A revision of current stormwater sediment controls is to be conducted, and optimization to take place during the year 2014, with improved techniques to be implemented in 2015. An additional area of reduction potential is through the annual Closed Caption Television (CCTV) inspection contract, where both sanitary and stormwater systems are flushed prior to inspection. Revision to contract language can mandate inspection prior to flushing (if the sewer looks clean don’t clean it), which will reduce the amount of excess water spent during the contract.

6.2.3.5 Landscaping Maintenance of municipal landscaping, such as parks, trees, and displays, can be reduced by mandating the use of drought tolerant grasses, plants, and trees without introduction of invasive species. Optimizing watering practices, through techniques and timing can reduce the amount of water needed to maintain landscaping. For instance implementation of soaker hoses can also reduce the demand on excess water consumption as evaporative processes are minimized. Grasses such as blue grama are excellent drought tolerant grasses with above average durability and could be introduced to parklands throughout the City to reduce water consumption. Timing watering to occur before 9:00 am prevents evapotranspiration, and prevents the burning of landscapes. A maximum of 2.5 cm (1 in.) of water per week will provide healthy landscaping ( Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 2005).

6.2.3.6 Universal Metering All meters within the City have been replaced according to governing regulation on a maximum 15 year cycle. Metering for residential has typically been conducted annually, and was increased to semi-annual readings in 2013. ICI reading within the City have been conducted bimonthly. Presently, the City contracts out water meter reading for both residential and ICI sectors. For 2014, bi-monthly cost associated with ICI meter reading / billing was projected at $1.35 per commercial property, or approximately $9,500 inclusive annually and $0.45 per residential read or approximately $8,340.00 inclusive annually. Meters consist of mostly touchpad units, and roughly 130 MXU radio read units have been installed where the installation of wires for touchpads were not achievable. Cost of upgrading to an MXU unit is $130 per unit. New property developments are required to install MXU units as part of the development policy. Increasing metering frequency can reduce UFW associated with theft and broken meters, and identify residential leaks in a timely manner. It is suggested that residential metering be increased to 3 readings annually.


6.2.3.7 Water Use Database In order to effectively monitor consumption and conservation quantity values of duration of time, a database will be implemented which will continuously update demands within the system as reported. This will allow for future benchmarking and evaluation of conservation methods. The database will help quantify low and high consumptions, which can result from theft, broken metering, and leaks within the system. Results will be used for further auditing purposes to monitor consumption rates more frequently.

6.2.3.8 Full-Cost Pricing Full-Cost Pricing is the breakdown of all cost associated with water treatment and distribution, including the operating, maintenance, administration expenditures and future forecasted capital investments. This cost is then used to develop a price associated with potable water distributed to ensure proper funding is allocated to support the system.

User rates, infrastructure assessment, operational, maintenance, and administration will continue to be analyzed and updated annually projecting future expenditures within the system.

6.2.3.9 By-Laws The City of Orillia’s municipal code is enforced and promoted year round for use of water. The municipal code is attached below and available online at the City of Orillia’s website.

http://www.orillia.ca/en/livinginorillia/resources/1019-DrinkingWaterSystem.pdf

1019.9.1 Address – odd – even – alternating No person shall use municipal water from a hose, pipe, sprinkler or permanent water irrigation system for the purpose of any outside water use including, but not limited to watering lawns or gardens, washing of vehicles, sidewalks or driveways or the filling of swimming pools, except as follows:

a) An even numbered address may only use municipal water on even numbereddays of the month, between the hours of 5:00 A.M. to 9:00 A.M. and 5:00P.M. to 9:00 P.M.;

b) An odd numbered address may only use municipal water on odd numbereddays of the month, between the hours of 5:00 A.M. to 9:00 A.M. and 5:00P.M. to 9:00 P.M.

1019.9.2 General – prohibited – exemptions Notwithstanding section 1019.9.1, the use of municipal water from a hose, pipe, sprinkler or permanent water irrigation system for the following purposes shall be exempted:

http://www.orillia.ca/en/livinginorillia/resources/1019-DrinkingWaterSystem.pdf


a) Watering of new trees or shrubs during installation and within 24 hoursfollowing planting;

b) Water of newly placed sod or seed within 30 days following planting, betweenthe hours of 5:00 A.M. to 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M.;

c) Watering immediately before and after applying nematodes for grubtreatment.

1019.9.3 Outdoor water use ban – notice Where the City deems it necessary that an outdoor water use ban be implemented, notice shall be issued on the City’s website and through local media (radio and newspaper).

1019.9.4 Outdoor water use ban – prohibition Notwithstanding Section 1019.3.1 and 1019.3.2, where the City gives notice that an outdoor water use ban is declared, no person shall use municipal water from a hose, pipe, sprinkler, or permanent water irrigation system for the purpose of any outside water use.

This notice will continue to be used in conjunction with the educational seasonal use program described in 6.2.3.10.

6.2.3.10 Public Education The City of Orillia will continue to promote and provide education with regards to water conservation, and efficiency measures through use of traditional media (newspapers, flyers, posters, advertisements) and technological media (websites, Facebook, electronic newspapers). Alternative methods will be continuously developed to motivate residential engagement. Increased detail information will be added to the City of Orillia Water Efficiency and Conservation webpages to address possible solutions and costing.

Education on seasonal increases and causes will be presented in spring to promote reduction measures. Reduction measures such as watering techniques, drought tolerant native grass species, evapotranspiration reduction, outdoor cleaning methods, rainscaping / LIDs and rain barrels will be promoted along with indoor reduction methods. Also presented in this education will be a “how to keep cool in Orillia” presentation, on what features exist within Orillia to help resident keep cool over the summer months. By-laws for water usage will also be included in the reduction measures as discussed in 6.2.3.09.

6.2.3.11 In-School Education The City currently conducts an annual in-school education program that presents to grade 5 students. The program is well received by schools and students throughout the


City. The program consists of a half hour presentation on water conservation and efficiency that illustrates the following aspects:

• The hydrological cycle• Why we pay for water• How much we pay for water• Where we use water• How we can reduce, reuse, retrofit and recycle water• Water Treatment• Wastewater Treatment• Stormwater• Human impacts on the hydrologic cycle/climate change

The program illustrates the linkage between water consumption and source water protection and how human impacts are impacting the hydrological cycle.

It is proposed that the City engage higher levels of academia to further engage in the educational program.

High Schools The program would address environmental groups within high schools to present conservation and efficiency measures, which the students can then use to publicize throughout the schools in forms of handouts and presentations. Active engagement in student stewardship opportunities will also be presented. High school students within Ontario are required to conduct 40 hours of community involvement activities which could be incorporated into watershed stewardship and efficiency / conservation projects within the City of Orillia. This could include educating the public through door to door efficiency efforts, conducting seasonal use audits, observing municipal practices throughout the City of Orillia.

Colleges Environmental programs at a college level address hydrological aspects such as Water treatment processes, Wastewater Treatment processes, hydrology and limnology. Presentations and field trip activities can engage students in both source water protection and efficiency measures.


7 Evaluation of Measures

7.1 Criteria Measures are evaluated based on quantifying potential water savings and cost associated with each measure. Although not all results of measures are quantifiable, such as surveys, working groups, and education programs, it is expected that the overall outcome of these measures will lead to conservation efforts that are quantifiable through production associated at the Water Filtration Plant and individual consumption records. Other measures such as audits, assessments, and rate adjustments are reactive measures and are based on the results of initial findings. Evaluation of measures will be done through overall budget allocation, and where possible a cost benefit analysis (CBA). The results of the CBA will provide an initial projection of suitable application that can be applied. Measures that result in CBA scores of less than 1 will be revaluated to determine how the CBA score can be improved.

7.1.1 Water Savings Municipal water rates incorporate operational, administrative, and future capital expenditures over projected quantities of water produced. A reduction in use can generate funding for further advancement in treatment, distribution, collection and wastewater treatment. Water savings can be interpreted from two perspectives quantity and cost associated with reduced quantity. By reducing potable water consumption a reduction of wastewater collected will also be achieved. The total water generated from the WFP and associated wells are subjected to two types of consumption, residential, ICI, and a component of UFW. Reducing residential and ICI consumption will reduce the wastewater collected within the system. Reducing UFW also increases the overall production efficiency of the WFP, as less water is required to be treated, by reducing leaks within the system, which in turn reduces the average day demand. Reduction leads to decreased operational costs, such as chemical, electricity, increases life expectancy of components such as pumps, and reduces capital expenditures associated with capacity. Similarly wastewater treatment costs are reduced as the volume of flow is reduced, infrastructure such as pumps will reduce in runtime, reducing electricity and increasing life expectancy, and upgrades for facilities based on capacity can be prolonged. By reducing flows, cost savings can be reallocated to minimize UFW, and infiltration in collection systems which further reduce the overall cost.

Water savings for measures are estimated based on typical reduction rates found on the Environment Canada Wise Water Use page. http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default.asp?lang=En&n=F25C70EC-1

Cost associated with reductions is based on water production and wastewater treatment within the City of Orillia.

http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default.asp?lang=En&n=F25C70EC-1

http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default.asp?lang=En&n=F25C70EC-1


7.1.2 Cost and cost-effectiveness The results of measures can have three outcomes depending on the application: First a measure can be cost effective; meaning the cost of the measure is lower than the benefit that the measure produces. Second the cost does not contain a measureable benefit, but is expected to engage in more active efficiency and conservation measures. Thirdly the cost associated with the measure is greater than the benefit, which may or may not be an effective measure. For quantifiable measures, a cost benefit analysis will be conducted that compares the estimated cost of the measure to that of the estimated minimum and maximum benefit in form of reduced in production and treatment at the WFP and Wastewater Treatment Centre, respectively.

7.2 Results of Evaluation The following section evaluates projected measures based on reduction volume, and cost associated with the reduction.

7.2.1 Qualitative evaluation, feasibility, and acceptability

7.2.1.1 ICI Water Efficiency Working Group Working groups will be made up of volunteers from the ICI sector of Orillia who are interested in collaborating with the City on reduction measures, through process control, operational techniques, and monitoring efforts. The goal of the group is to generate specific techniques that could be applied from differing industries to reduce consumption or increase the efficiency of water within day to day operations. The group will potentially be made up of representatives from different ICI sectors to discuss opportunities that can be showcased throughout Orillia’s ICI sector providing feasible opportunities of conservation and efficiency measures. The group will be chaired by a representative from the City of Orillia who will direct group meetings and discussions. The communication between industry representatives and the City will also generate a working relationship for future conservation and efficiency planning. This measure will be conducted on a trial basis to determine how receptive the working group is received and the effectiveness of the group.

Overall Estimated Cost Associated with Measure: $2,500 (Trial Period) Goal of Measure: Increase Awareness

7.2.1.2 ICI Auditing ICI auditing will be prioritized towards the top ten consumers, which will be updated annually. It is projected that each year the top ten will increase water efficiency and decrease consumption values through continuous improvements to facility water use. It is expected that the City will need to provide some guidance to industry representatives for water auditing and will review the finding and measures of the industries. The results will be integrated with Measure 6.2.1.3 – recognition.


Auditing and recommendation of ICI processes can potentially reduce consumption by 10-20% (Ontario Water Works Association, 2006). According to water consumption records the top ten ICI industries consume 12% of the total water produced within the system. Therefore the expected reductions from auditing are projected to decrease the total consumption by roughly 50,000 – 100,000 m3. This would result in a reduction of production cost of $31,000 – $65,000 and a wastewater treatment cost of $34,000 – $67,000. There are no costs associated with the auditing as it will be incorporated into departmental functions within the Operating Budget.

Overall Estimated Cost Associated with Measure: None Goal of Measure: 10-20% reduction of Top 10 industries Associated Savings with Reduced Water: $65,000 - $132,000

7.2.1.3 Recognition Once significant conservation measures have been achieved the City will award in the form of a certificate signed by the mayor an acknowledgement of Significant Water Efficiency and Conservation Efforts which can be publicly displayed in businesses for customer awareness. The City will also populate a webpage with an area of acknowledgement on its water efficiency and conservation page in which effective reduction efforts will be illustrated for other industries to populate ideas for reduction potential. Cost of the project is related to media needed to produce recognition (Certificates).

Overall Estimated Cost Associated with Measure: $500 Goal of Measure: Acknowledgement and Awareness

7.2.1.4 Assessment of Residential Infrastructure Previous rebate programs have consumed the allotted budget available, but may have not been managed effectively to produce maximum participation and reduction techniques. In an effort to heighten awareness, participation and communication as to the needs of the area, an assessment is to take place through online polling and / or mail in surveys to establish how funding can be best allocated. Paper surveys will be provided along with public education materials during water billing. Associated cost would be administrative with regards to generation, distribution and analysis of the information. Based on the active residential services count roughly 9,600 surveys would need to be generated. Cost of the measure will be included in the departmental function of the operating budget with a minimal cost associated to office supplies and materials.

Total estimated cost: $500


7.2.1.5 Residential Rebate Program: A rebate program will be established based on the outcome of Measure 6.2.2.1, which is projected to identify where applicable application of rebates should be focused.

Based on a 9 year average the following participation rates were observed:

Table 5: Past rebate participation by applications and No. of Residents

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Average Toilets 82 113 59 94 80 52 72 177 292 113 Showerheads 21 27 15 106 34 12 19 46 12 32 Faucet aerators 41 8 12 26 20 7 4 0 0 13 Front-load Washing Machines 50 81 99 212 216 126 226 176 197 154 No. of Participating Residents 120 170 153 261 263 136 333 305 334 231

Participation rates during these programs have been quite low with roughly 231 individual residences participating and an average of 312 rebates issued annually. For this reason public consultation through use of a survey (Measure 6.2.2.1) may provide insight into what residents find as popular rebate options. An informational package will be issued along with the survey to demonstrate the cost benefit of the rebate application from a residential point of view.

The resulting reduction would account for an annual residential water use reduction of 0.5%. The goal of measure 6.2.2.1 – Residential Assessment is to establish which application would gain most participation through use of a survey. The survey would then be used to determine an effective rebate to capture the largest audience and largest reduction. It is anticipated through past water efficiency programs that ULF toilets and water efficient clothes washing machines will be among the highest interest. In the past typical budget allocations for rebate

programs was roughly $30,000. The potential benefit of predetermining rebate application interest is the rebate rate can be optimized to reflect public interest and

Showering and Bathing

35%

Toilet Flushing

30%

Laundry 20%

Kitchen and Drinking

10%

Cleaning 5%

Distribution of Water Use in the Home

Figure 19: The typical household water use distribution based on the Government of Canada's Water Wise

website.


maximize the funding to allow maximum participation and reduction of consumption. Therefore the expected residential reduction, based on rebates, should exceed past reduction rates of 0.5%.to a maximum reduction rate of 6% annually.

Overall cost Associated with Measure - $30,000 2 Year Cycle Goal of Reduction - 0.5%-6% of residential water consumption Associated Savings with Reduced Water- $3900 - $68,500 annually

7.2.1.6 Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement An auditing process conducted by current City Staff that reviews current infrastructure, and presents areas where residents can benefit from infrastructure or landscaping upgrades will take place by request from residents. Residents can then use the information to upgrade their infrastructure and have a follow-up audit conducted by the City to gain acknowledgement by the City that residents can use in the resale process as marketing to potential buyers. The cost of the measure will be incorporated into current operating budgets.

Overall Cost Associated with Measure – None Potential Water Savings – Dependent upon participation and existing infrastructure

7.2.1.7 City Owned Facilities Assessment Several of the City’s facilities have infrastructure which are outdated such as: faucets which are manually operated, faucets that do not contain aerators, toilets that use in excess of 6 Litres, showering facilities not using low flow shower heads. An assessment of infrastructure within each facility will provide a basis for replacement costs associated with each facility. Reduction measures will be developed for each individual facility based on space and budget available. This will then be prioritized by frequency of use and reduction benefits to schedule replacement intervals at each facility. The initial assessment and outcome of reduction will be publicized as an example of City’s reduction efforts along with other measures to provide the public with examples of how the City is working to reduce demand on source water. It is projected that all outdated infrastructure will be replaced by 2020. Cost will be incorporated into the departmental function of current staff within the Environmental Services department.

Estimated cost of assessment: None

7.2.1.8 Leak Detection The City of Orillia has been conducting leak detection contracts on a 5 year cycle. According to Table 8.1 Water Savings Potential of Various Measures found within the Water Efficiency: A Guidebook for Small & Medium-sized Municipalities in Canada the average recoverable water from leak detection was found to be 1-3%. This would account for between 0.2% - 1% annually, or roughly 8,000 – 24,000 m3. The cost of the 2013 leak detection program for Orillia was $20,000.


Overall cost Associated with Measure - $20,000 Goal of Reduction – 1-3% Associated Savings with Reduced Water - $26,000 – $80,000 (Over 5 years)

7.2.1.9 Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation The City of Orillia has allocated roughly $1.2 million annually to its pipe rehabilitation program. Pipe replacement in future programs will be prioritized through the City’s asset management plan for criticality and risk association. Pipe replacement will continue and is subject to available funding through budget approvals. By continuously reducing risk associated with failure, and rehabilitating water mains it is expected that the UFW will decrease.

Annual Cost Associated with Measure: $1.2 million

7.2.1.10 Sewer and Road Maintenance A reduction in water use for sewer maintenance can be achieved through sediment reduction efforts in catch basins and maintenance holes. Road sanding applications over the winter months contribute large volumes of sand to the storm sewer system which can inhibit flows from being discharged. Excessive sediment within the storm sewers is subjected the high pressure hydraulic cleaning to prevent flow inhibition. Reducing sediment intake into storm sewers is possible through filtration efforts which would reduce cost associated with water production and contract costs to clean the sewers or outfall areas. In addition contracts that conduct closed circuit televising of storm sewers typically conduct cleaning of the sewers prior to inspection. Reduction of sediment loading into storm sewers consumption for cleaning processes would be reduced and efficiency of the sewers increased. A stormwater catch basin control plan will be developed based on assessment of current practices, and opportunities that can be implemented. The goal of the plan is to provide a standard operating procedure to decrease sediment loading within the stormwater system and reduce water consumption used to clean sewer mains. The plan will be developed under current staffing, thus cost will be incorporated into current operational budgets.

Stormwater Catch Basin Control Plan (SWCBCP): None Capital & Operational Expenditure: TBD

7.2.1.11 Landscaping Native species should be incorporated into City landscaping to reduce consumption of water. Currently the Official Plan specifies that preference should be given to native species of trees in the Downtown Area, and native plant species in Valley Lands and Riparian areas. Natural species, such as Blue grama grasses and Canada Blue are adapted to climate within this area can reduce the draw on water consumption for maintenance of landscape. This is also a recommendation of the Lake Simcoe


Subwatershed Plan under recommendation 6-22. A gradual integration of native species within park areas would provide cost savings over time due to reduction in watering. Cost associated with reseeding should be substituted for current practices, therefore no cost increases are noted at this time.

Treed areas can also produce microclimates where cooler air is present and reduces the need to consume water within the City. Integration of forested areas can reduce grounds maintenance and provide shelter from the heat.

Estimated Cost: None

7.2.1.12 Universal Metering Currently Residential billing is conducted quarterly and ICI billing is conducted bimonthly, therefore billing frequency will not increase only the frequency in which The City of Orillia ascertains its metered data will increase. The projected goal of the measure is to increase data collection, and decrease UFW through defective meters, theft, and leaks within buildings. The cost of reading a residential meter is $0.45, and large volume ICI users $1.35. There are 9,266 active meters within the residential sector of Orillia. .

Overall Cost Associated with Measure Goal of Reduction – Reduce UFW by 1-3% Production Cost Associated with Reduced Water - $3,600 - $11,000

7.2.1.13 By-Law The City of Orillia currently practices an odd and even outdoor water use by-law 2014-14 (Municipal Code Chapter 1019). The City also reserves the right to ban outdoor water use when necessary under Article 1019.9.3.

Overall Cost Associated with Measure: None

7.2.1.14 Public Education Programs A public education program that addresses conservation and efficiency actions, why reducing consumption is beneficial for the home owner and City, what is incorporated in the price of water will be included in the information publicised. This will include updating the City of Orillia’s website to reflect media distributed and further information towards reduction efforts. Although direct correlation of measure to reduction in consumption is not measurable, it is expected that increased awareness will lead to an increased reduction effort. Minimal cost associated with update media will be covered through current operational budgets.

Estimated Cost for Education Program: None


7.2.1.15 In-School Education The City has traditionally presented information corresponding to basic water conservation within school curriculum to elementary schools within the City Limits. The City will expand participation and actively engage in promoting student involvement on higher academic levels such as High School, College and University Levels. These programs could consist on partaking in presentations, providing a basis for academic assignments, and or stewardship projects.

Recommendation 6.2.3.11 addresses additional education seminars to engage in higher levels of academia that would take aim at both high schools and college level awareness.

Estimated cost for School Program - $3,000

7.2.2 Cost benefit analysis A cost benefit analysis has been created for measures that can be directly quantified through expenditure and reduction potential which is provided below:

Table 6: The cost benefit analysis results for quantifiable measures.

Measure Description Cost

Associated Reduction Processing

Savings CBA Score Average ICI Auditing $ 10,000.00 $64,195.98 $128,391.96 6.42 12.84 9.63

Rebate Program $ 30,000.00 $12,076.97 $144,923.61 0.40 4.83 2.62

Universal Metering $ 4,800.00 $8,892.40 $26,677.21 1.85 5.56 3.71

7.2.3 Comparison of alternative vs. criteria From the initial CBA scores the Rebate program posed the highest risk for cost outweighing benefit. This was found to be due to the allocation of rebates towards water efficient clothes washers, as the cost associated with the rebate of $100.00 towards a product that reduces water consumption 18.6 m3 annually over a maximum rebate of 300 units at $30,000 did not outweigh the $30,000 applied. For this reason it is suggest that rebates for efficient clothes washers be removed from the rebate program.

7.2.4 Measure that could be designed into new development Measures such as the requirement of efficient water utilities, water efficient landscaping, and reuse could be integrated into new development. It is expected that most new development utilize more efficient utilities as industry standards progress. Integration of water friendly landscaping is also being promoted through the Lake Simcoe Protection Plan and Sub-watershed plan.


8 Recommended Water Management Plan

8.1 Recommended water efficiency Program The following measures are pre-existing and are expected to continue as part of the Orillia Water Efficiency Program:

Table 7: A table displaying pre-existing water efficiency measures, their goal type and how frequent the measure is implemented.

Measure Goal Type Frequency Leak Detection Conservation 5 Year Cycle Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation Conservation Annual Public Education Educational Continuous In-School Education Educational Annual By-Laws Conservation Continuous Full Cost Pricing Funding Annual Rain Barrel Subsidization Conservation Continuous Metering Data Collection Continuous

8.1.1 Implementation of additional measures The following are additional measures that have been recommended to incorporate into the current Water Conservation and Efficiency Program:

Table 8: New measures developed within the 2014 Water Efficiency and Conservation Plan, the measure's goal, and how frequently the measure is to be implemented.

Measure Measure Type Frequency ICI Measures ICI Water Efficiency Working Group Educational Twice Annually ICI Auditing Reduction Continuous Recognition Promotion Continuous Residential Measures Assessment of Residential Infrastructure Data Collection Continuous Rebate Program Reduction 2 Year Cycle Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement

Data Collection / Reduction Continuous

Municipal Measures Municipal Facilities Assessment Data Collection 10 Year Cycle Sewer & Road Maintenance - sediment control plan Reduction Once Landscaping Reduction Annually Metering Reduction Continuous Public Education (Updates) Educational 5 year Cycle

In-School Education (High School / College) Educational Annually


8.1.1.1 Description and justification of measures ICI Measures: Observed trends of the ICI sector have shown a marginal decrease in water use over the past 5 years. 2012 to 2013 resulted in an increase in water consumption. Although the City of Orillia’s residential sector is consuming a greater total volume of water with 9,266 services active, the average resident is consuming significantly less water than the federal average (343 litres per capita per day).

Establishment of a working group has been suggested to increase both business and City awareness to ICI consumption and efficiency measures. The group will open a line of communication to the City through its local businesses. In doing so, businesses can address challenges to reducing consumption and implementing efficiency improvements within their processes. Group members will work on creating and recommending solutions to these challenges. Internal auditing practices will also be addressed to convey best management practices to determine conservation and efficiency measures. The goal of the measure is to increase awareness and communication, resulting in reduced consumption levels within the ICI sector.

ICI auditing can help business reduce water consumption through identifying process modification and retrofit opportunities. This is an alternative to increasing rates within the ICI sector for high consumers, which can result in loss of business within Orillia, and result in poor business relations with the City of Orillia. Instead the auditing process will work with identifying where business can save money by reducing consumption and be acknowledged for successful reductions. The initial auditing process will focus on the top 10 ICI consumers within the City of Orillia, as their average consumption accounts for 12% of the water produced within the City. This results in a working relationship with City staff and representatives of local businesses. Projected reductions of auditing suggest a 10%-20% decrease in water consumption. Effective auditing will be presented back to the working group to promote awareness of how to establish water system evaluations and be used to form conservation and efficiency measures in industries.

Residential Measures: The residential sector of Orillia has shown a steady decline in consumption over the last five years of trending. As such the focus of the Water Conservation & Efficiency program has swayed against any economic impacts to residents but will continue to promote conservation and efficiency techniques.

In past water conservation and efficiency programs participation in rebate programs have been minimal. This could be due to a lack of awareness in the program, lack of


interest in performing retrofit opportunities, economic restrictions, or uncertainties with the program. As such it has been suggested that a residential assessment take place to determine current infrastructure age, and how rebates could be optimized to maximize residential involvement. This will be conducted periodically to provide current direction towards rebate allocation. Surveys in the form of web based polling, and paper mail outs will be conducted. Results will direct efforts as to how best to allocate rebate programs pricing while achieving maximum reduction. Educational materials will also be provided to help direct residents on cost savings for different applications of the rebate programs.

Municipal Measures: The municipal operations and maintenance measures have been developed to provide awareness through education, reduce water consumption through municipal own facilities and lands, increase monitoring, and maintain infrastructure within the City of Orillia. Measures to reduce both residential and ICI sector consumption through municipal public education, in-school programs, and enforcement through by-law development have been incorporated to further reduce consumed water. Public education will focus on conservation and efficiency measures, why consumers should reduce water consumption, cost benefit of applications, seasonal increases. The program will also promote measures taken by the City, and ICI sectors to be more efficient.

UFW represents on average roughly 14% of the water produced at the water filtration plant each year. The past five years has shown a decreasing trend with UFW which would suggest corrective measures have aided in reducing UFW in the system. To further reduce UFW existing measures such as the City’s leak detection program, funding for pipe replacement and rehabilitation efforts have been incorporated into the plan. Additional measures such as increased metering and the development of a water use database to increase monitoring efforts have been suggested.

8.1.1.2 Implementation schedule The following figure illustrates potential a tentative implementation schedule:

Table 9: A summary of measures by sector and the targeted date of implementation.

Measure Target Date for Implementation

ICI Measures ICI Water Efficiency Working Group 2016 ICI Auditing 2015 Recognition 2015 Residential Measures Assessment of Residential Infrastructure 2015


Rebate Program 2016 Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement

2015

Municipal Measures Municipal Facilities Assessment 2016 Leak Detection 2018 Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation Annually Sewer & Road Maintenance - sediment control October 2015 Landscaping May 2016 Metering 2016 Water Use Database 2015 Full Cost Pricing Review Annually Public Education (Updates) 2015 In-School Education (High School / College) 2016

8.1.1.3 Staffing Needs

The following is a projected list of staff involved in each measure:

ICI Measures

ICI Working Group: Manager of Water Resources - As Chair Administrative Staff – Meeting Minutes

ICI Auditing: Manager of Water Resources – Auditing management / Recommendation for Acknowledgement Project Official III – Onsite inspections, database development, audit review

ICI Recognition: Clerical Staff – Generation of Acknowledgement Certificate Manager of Communications – Media Release Mayor – Signing of Certificates

Residential Measures

Assessment of Residential Infrastructure: Manager of Water Resources – Development of assessment form, Data Management, Results and recommendations Manager of Communications – Media Release / Online Posting


Rebate Program: Manager of Water Resources – Development of application program, review of application, monitoring of program Treasury – Issue of Rebates

Municipal Operations and Maintenance Measures

Facility Assessment: Manager of Water Resources – Review of assessment, report on improvement opportunities Project Official III – Conduct assessment

Leak Detection: Current Staffing

Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation: Current Staffing

Sewer & Road Maintenance: Manager of Water Resources: Development of Sediment Control Plan Public works operations: Implementation and decommissioning of sediment controls

Landscaping: Current Staffing

Metering: Current Staffing

Water Use Database: Project Official III – Retrieve records from administrative staff and Water Filtration Plant, populate database for review of consumption.

Full Cost Pricing: Current Staffing

Public Education: Manager of Water Resources – Update and provide current information Communications Manager – Distribute media

In-School Education: Manager of Water Resources – Post Secondary / High School Program Current Staffing – Elementary School Presentation

Note: If the measure is currently practiced then “Current Staffing” will be listed.


8.1.1.4 Budget Multiple measures within the Water Conservation and Efficiency Plan will be conducted as part of existing staff’s departmental function within the Operating Budgets. Budget approval is required for each measure. It is expected that through measures a cost reduction for both consumer and City will be achieved to support the budget approval process. Cost associated with additional measures have been estimated and are presented in the table below:

Measure Estimated Cost ICI Measures ICI Water Efficiency Working Group $2,500.00 ICI Auditing - Recognition $500.00 Residential Measures Assessment of Residential Infrastructure $500.00 Rebate Program $30,000.00 Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement - Municipal Measures Municipal Facilities Assessment / Audit - Leak Detection TBD Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation TBD Sewer & Road Maintenance - Stormwater Catch Basin Sediment Control Plan - Landscaping - Metering $4,400.00 Public Education (Updates) - In-School Education (High School / College) $3,000.00 Total Addition to Water Efficiency Program $40,900.00

The following measures would be integrated into a capital budget:

Measure Estimated Cost Residential Measures Rebate Program (per year) $30,000.00 Municipal Measures Leak Detection TBD

Pipe Replacement / Rehabilitation TBD

Total Addition to Water Efficiency Program $30,000.00


Of the budget the following measures will be incorporated into the Operating Budget:

Measure Estimated Cost Frequency

ICI Measures ICI Water Efficiency Working Group $2,500.00 Trial Period ICI Auditing - Annually Recognition $500.00 Annually

Residential Measures

Assessment of Residential Infrastructure $500.00 Every Five Years

Residential Auditing / Resale Infrastructure Acknowledgement - Annually

Municipal Measures

Municipal Facilities Assessment / Audit - One Year

Stormwater Catch basin Sediment Control Plan - One Year

Metering $4,400.00 Annually

Public Education (Updates) - Every 5 Years

In-School Education (High School / College) $3,000.00 Annually Total Addition to Water Efficiency Program $10,900.00

The following table illustrates the projected increases in both Capital and Operating budgets over a 5 Year Period:

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Total Operating Budget $10,900 $7,900 $7,900 $7,900 $7,900 $42,500 Capital Budget $30,000 $30,000 $60,000 Total $10,900 $37,900 $7,900 $37,900 $7,900 $102,500

8.1.2 Management of the program

8.1.2.1 Program Leader Management of the program will take place through the City of Orillia’s Environmental Services Department. The Department’s Manager of Water Resources will handle managing the extent of the program, which requires the involvement of several additional departments throughout the City.


8.1.2.2 Monitor implementation The Environmental Services Project Official III will oversee and report back on implementation of measures throughout the City. It is expected that the Project Official will report back to the program leader on timing of implementation, and provide recommendations for future programs.

8.1.2.3 Measure water savings Water production rates will be cross referenced with consumption from metering readings. This will establish the overall trends for consumption decreases throughout the system. Additionally through the use of the water use database individual consumption based on service address will be monitored and measured to provide individual trending for increases and decreases in the system.

8.1.2.4 Expand (reduce) program as needed The plan is meant to be a dynamic document that will include additional measures when opportunities arise. If a measure is deemed to be outdated or is not providing adequate results the measure will be revaluated based on the results and either modified or eliminated as necessary.

8.1.3 Recommended near-term action The following measures will be initiated upon completion of the Water Conservation & Efficiency Plan:

o Residential Assessment Surveyo By-Lawso Public Education

Although the implementation dates are listed for 2015 or beyond the initial planning and development of the program will be conducted in 2014. It is anticipated that this Plan will be updated every five years.


References

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2005). Household Guide to Water Efficiency. Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.

Butler, N., Carlisle, J. C., Linville, R., & Washburn, B. (2009, 01). MICROCYSTINS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THEIR TOXICITY AND EFFECTS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FISH, WILDLIFE, AND LIVESTOCK. Retrieved 06 30, 2014, from Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment: http://www.oehha.ca.gov/ecotox/documents/Microcystin031209.pdf

City of Orillia. (2010). 2009 Water System Master Plan Update. Orillia.

Dodson, S. (2005). Introduction to Limnology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Government of Canada. (2013, 08 06). NHS Focus on Geography Series – Orillia: Income. Retrieved 03 12, 2014, from Statistics Canada: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Pages/FOG.cfm?lang=E&level=4&GeoCode=3543052

Government of Canada. (2013, 08 06). NHS Focus on Geography Series – Orillia: Labour. Retrieved 03 12, 2014, from Statistics Canada: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Pages/FOG.cfm?lang=E&level=4&GeoCode=3543052

Government of Canada. (2013, 07 23). Water-wise Water Use. Retrieved 03 10, 2014, from Environment Canada: http://www.ec.gc.ca/eau-water/default.asp?lang=En&n=F25C70EC-1

Government of Canada. (2014, 02 13). Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data: Orillia TS. Retrieved 07 03, 2014, from Enivronment Canada: http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=4482&prov=&lang=e&dCode=5&dispBack=1&StationName=Orillia&SearchType=Contains&province=ALL&provBut=&month1=0&month2=12

Government of Canada. (2014, 04 17). NHS Focus on Geography Series - Orillia: Education. Retrieved 07 03, 2014, from Statistics Canada: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/as-sa/fogs-spg/Pages/FOG.cfm?lang=E&level=4&GeoCode=3543052

Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority. (2013). Oro and Hawkestone Creeks Subwatershed Plan. Newmarket: Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority.

2014WaterConservationandEfficiencyPlan Pg.51

Ontario Water Works Association. (2006). Water Efficiency: A Guidebook for Small & Medium-sized Municipalities in Canada. Markham: Ontairio Water Works Association.

Sherman, K. (2005). Water Quality Status of Lake Couchiching 2003. Midland, ON: Severn Sound Environmental Association.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2006, 12). Environmental Fact Sheet: TCE and PCE in Your Home. Retrieved 07 10, 2014, from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/sites/palermo/tce-pce-fs-1206.pdf


AppendixA:Worksheet

Worksheet No.1 ‐ Describe Your Service Area

Population 30,691

Size of Area (ha) 2,846

Service Connections: # % Metered

Residential 9,266 100%

ICI 1,172 100%

System Characteristics

Average Annual Water Supply

Groundwater (m3) 1,217,966

Surface Water (m3) 2,686,678

System Capacity: # Capacity

Water Treatment Plants (m3/d) 1 33,042 39,592

Wastewater Treatment Plants (m3/d) 1 27,300

West Orillia Well (m3/d) 1 6,550

Total Water System Capacity (m3/d) 39,592

Worksheet No.2 ‐ Describe Water Demand

Water Demand

Annual Volume % of Total Per Connection Per Person

Residential (m3) 1,737,693 45% 180.77 56.5

ICI (m3) 1,617,768 41% 1479.11

Unaccounted‐for‐Water (UFW) (m3) 549,184 14%

Total 3,904,645

Average Day Demand and Maximum Day Demand

Volume Total Supply Capacity

% of Total Capacity

Average Day Demand (m3) 10,698 39,592 27%

Average Day Summer Demand (m3) 12,517 39,592 32%

Maximum Day Demand (m3) 17,414 39,592 44%

Estimated Seasonal Use

Month with Lowest Water Demand November

Average Demand in this Month 287,509

Non‐seasonal Annual Water Use 3,450,114

Non‐seasonal Use, Percent of Total 88%

Seasonal Annual Use, Percent of Total 12%


Worksheet No. 3 ‐ Planning Considerations

Demographics

Rate of Population Growth (%) 1.01

2001 ‐ 2006 Labour Force Growth (%) 8.70%

2006‐2011 Labour Force Growth Rate (%) ‐8.59%

Average Labour Force Growth Rate (%) 0.05%

Worksheet No.4 ‐ Forecast Future Water Demand Level I

Current Demand Population 30691

Average Annual Demand (m3) 3,904,645

Demand / Capita (m3) 127

Average Day Demand (m3/d) 10,698

Maximum Day Demand (m3/d) 17,414

Average Day / Maximum Day Ratio 2

Projected Demand

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year

Average Annual Demand 3,944,082 3,983,917 4,064,798

Average Day Demand 10,806 10,915 11,136

Maximum Day Demand 17,590 17,768 18,128

Capacity

Annual Supply Capacity 14,451,080 14,451,080 14,451,080

Dailey Supply Capacity 39,592 39,592 39,592

Worksheet No. 5 ‐ Forecasting Future Water Demand Level II

Current Demand

Residential 1,737,693

Population 30,691

Residential Demand / Capita 57

ICI

ICI Demand 1,617,768

# Employees 13,350

ICI Demand / Employee 121

Unaccounted for Water 549,184

Total Annual Demand 3,904,645

Average Day Demand 10,698

Maximum Day Demand 17,414

Average Day / Maximum Day Ratio 1


Projected Demand

5 Year 10 Year 20 Year

Projected Population 31,066 31,379 32,016

Projected Residential Demand 1,755,244 1,772,972 1,808,967

ICI

Projected # Employees 14,210 14,353 14,645

Projected ICI Demand 1,634,107 1,650,612 1,684,122

Projected Unaccounted‐for‐Water 554,730 560,333 571,709

Total Projected Annual Demand 3,944,082 3,983,917 4,064,798

Projected Average Day Demand 10,806 10,915 11,136

Projected Maximum Day Demand 12,957 12,225 12,473

Capacity

Annual Supply Capacity 14,420,420 14,420,420 14,420,420

Daily Supply Capacity 39,508 39,508 39,508


AppendixB:5YearWaterConsumption

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Average

Total Output 4,096,290 3,981,856 3,769,176 3,849,011 3,826,886 3,904,644

Unaccounted for Water 607,416 652,111 461,790 555,715 468,886 549,184

Residential 1,856,133 1,745,752 1,700,933 1,674,376 1,711,272 1,737,693

ICI 1,632,741 1,583,993 1,606,453 1,618,920 1,646,732 1,617,768

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