20131106 presentation - hopper

8/13/2019 20131106 Presentation - Hopper

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Rear Admiral Grace Hopper

The Second Most Celebrated Female in theHistory of Computing

Presented by Michael CarruthersCIS-110


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CIS 110 - Carruthers 2

R. Adm. Grace Hopper - Legacy

Formal Education in Mathematics -

_BA Vassar College; MA, PhD., Yale_University

Served in the U.S. Navy for __ years

Helped in Development of Mark

_Series of Computers

Subsequent Work on UNIVAC

_Computers

Developed the Compiler

Developed the Computer Language_COBOL

Standards in Computing

Teaching Legacy


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MARK Series

Aka Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)

Gears, Counters, Mechanical Switches and Relays, Control Circuits,

Rudimentary Vacuum Tube Technology, Punched Paper Tape; 55x 8

Designed for Ordinance Ballistics Calculations; Used by USN in WW2

Part of the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project (also IBM-Harvard)

Located at Harvards Cruft Laboratories

After USNR Midshipmans School, Dr. Hopper Entered the USN in 1943 and

Began Work on Project in 1944 under Dr. Howard Aiken

Dr. Hoppers First Assignment -- Calculate Sinusoidal Coefficients of a

Triangle


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UNIVAC Series

J. Presper Eckert, CBS's Walter Cronkitebehind console of the UNIVAC, election night,

1952.

Eckert-Mauchly Corporation

UNIVAC -- Universal Automatic Computer; Evolved

from ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator andCalculator used in WW2 by US Army Ordinance)

First Large-Scale Electronic Digital Computer --

Used Vacuum Tubes and Magnetic Tape Input

Dr. Hopper Developed First Compiler --

The A-O

Dr. Hopper Developed FLOW-MATIC (B-O) =>

First Versions of COBOL

Mathematical Symbols => Machine Code; Call

Numbers References for the Calling of Routines

Routines = Blocks of Code in Libraries Shared by

Programmers

Used by CBS to Predict the Results of the 1952

Eisenhower-Stevenson Presidential Race (but results

were not used)


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COBOL

COmmon Business Oriented Language

CODASYL (Eckert-Mauchly COBOL Executive Committee)

Developed in the 1959 from Dr. Hoppers FLOW-MATIC Set of

_Routines for UNIVAC

Purpose -- Because Dr. Hopper Said She was lazy

Easy-to-Understand English-like Instruction Set

Still in Use Today

Standardized by the U.S. Military (Leadership of Dr. Hopper)Not Designed at the Start to Perform Low-Level System

_Operations or Routines


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Amazing Grace - Teaching Legacy

Weve Always Done It That Way -_NOT

Calculating Cost of Misinformation

1 Nanosecond = ~ 11.38 Foot Cable;

_1_Microsecond = ~ Thousand Feet Cable

Orphan Children

We Manage Things; We LeadPeople

Converted the Navy to the Computer Age

__(All Hands, Sept. 1982)

Widely Lectured after Retirement from_USN

Always Wore USN Uniform


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President Ronald Reagan Promotion Ceremony

Promotional Ceremony of Dr. Grace Hopper to Rank of Commodore_

_in White House Dec. 1983

Two Years Later Commodore is Eliminated and Merged with Rear

_Admiral


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USS Grace Murray Hopper

DDG-70*

*Although Dr. Hopper has had a U.S. Navy destroyer named afterher, she has never had a computer language named after her.

(Commissioned 1997)


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XE6 Hopper modular system

- 153,308 Opteron processor cores

- Suse Linux operating system

- External Lustre File System (storage)

NERSC Hopper CRAY XE6

Supercomputer

External Lustre File System

- 2PB disk space

- Dual channel max 50GB/sec (25

_GB-sec/channel peak I/O

- Phase I implementation


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National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC)

Located at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories on the grounds of the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley

Operated by the LBNL and owned by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)

Named after Dr. Lawrence, a physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project

Provides computer support for computation-intensive unclassified research projects

www.NERSC.gov Home Page


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1906 - 1992


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References:

1] http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html

2] http://www.women-inventors.com/Dr-Grace-Murray-Hopper.asp

3] http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html

4] http://gracehopper.org/2013/about/about-grace-hopper/

5] http://www.hopper.navy.mil/

6] http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/271591/Grace-Murray-Hopper

7] http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm

8] http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_Grace_Hopper.htm

9] Grace Hopper--A Living Legend. All Hands, Sept. 1982 (pages in jpeg format from

__http://gracehopper.org/)

10] Remembering Grace Murray Hopper--A Legend in Her Own Time. Chips, April 1992

__(pages in jpeg format from http://gracehopper.org/)

11] Computer Pioneer Hopper dies at 85. Navy Times, Jan. 1992 (pages in jpeg format from

___http://gracehopper.org/)

12] http://www.nersc.gov

13] http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html


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Image Credits:

1] ALL HANDS Magazine, Sept. 1982

2] http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa052198.htm

3] http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2011/09/univac-the-troubled-life-of-americas-first-computer/

4] CHIPS Magazine, April 1992

5] All Hands Magazine, Sept. 1982

6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Hopper_%28DDG-70%29

7] Ibid.

8] http://s.libertaddigital.com/fotos/galerias/superordenadores-junio-2011/8-

hopper.jpg

9] http://www.nersc.gov/assets/ImageGallery/Computational-

Systems/HopperStorage.jpg

10] http:/www.nersc.gov

11] http://gracehopper.org/2009/assets/GraceHopper16.jpg

20131106 presentation - hopper

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