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contents

Maps xx Special Features xxi Preface xxiii

P a r t i FoundationS oF World PoliticS 1

Chapter 1 World Politics: complexity and competing Processes 3

conflict and cooPeration 3GloBalization Versus fraGmentation 7anarchy Versus order 12conclusion 15What Would You do? north Korea’s nuclear test 16discussion and reVieW Questions 16Key terms 17

Chapter 2 theory and World Politics 19

climate chanGe 20leVels of analysis 23

systemic level of analysis 24at a GlanCE: the Prisoner’s dilemma Game 26

domestic level of analysis 28individual level of analysis 31

SPotliGht: the operational code 32levels of analysis: analytical tools 35

theoretical ParadiGms/WorldVieWs 38realism 38liberalism 42constructivism 47Blurring the lines 49other theoretical Paradigms/Worldviews 50

summary and PreVieW 52

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at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review: international responses to climate change 53

What Would You do? drilling for oil 55discussion and reVieW Questions 56Key terms 56

Chapter 3 World Politics and Economics: 1648–1945 59

thirty years’ War and the Peace of WestPhalia 61eiGhteenth-century euroPe 63

Great Powers 63aftermath of War and two revolutions 65

at a GlanCE: “World Wars” of the eighteenth century 66naPoleonic era 67concert of euroPe 71unification of italy and Germany 73

italian unification 73German unification 73

at a GlanCE: the Wars of German unification 75the industrial reVolution 76British economic heGemony and its challenGes 77BismarcKian system 79the eVe of War: Protectionism and discord 80the World Wars 81causes of World War i 82

rise of Germany 82at a GlanCE: World War i and the levels of analysis 83

alliance system 84economic change and competition 85nationalism 86imperialism 87cult of the offensive 88

conseQuences of World War i 89russian revolution 91Versailles settlement 91

What Would You do? russia and the Path to War 92SPotliGht: an idealist at Versailles 93

a Weak league and the road to another World War 96SPotliGht: the munich analogy 98

economic collapse and the Great depression 99

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causes of World War ii 101at a GlanCE: World War ii and the levels of analysis 101conseQuences of World War ii 103

uneasy alliance 103the holocaust 105atomic Bomb 106

conclusion 108at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

examples from 1648 to 1945 108discussion and reVieW Questions 109Key terms 109

Chapter 4 World Politics and Economics: the cold War 111

Who or What caused the cold War? 112at a GlanCE: the origins of the cold War and the

levels of analysis 113it Was moscow’s fault 113no, it Was Washington’s fault 114ideological conflict 114leadership or the lack thereof 115one World divided by two superpowers equals conflict 116it Was all a misunderstanding 117

heatinG uP the cold War 118initial confrontation: iran 118the iron curtain descends and conflict intensifies 118truman doctrine 119marshall Plan 120Berlin Blockade 121

SPotliGht: the telegrams: mr. X and containment and the novikov telegram 122

nato and the Warsaw Pact 123transformation of the World economy 125

the Bretton Woods system 125the cold War in asia 126

nsc-68 127Korea: the turning Point 128

the cold War and the third World 131trouBle sPots: Berlin and cuBa 133

JfK, cold Warrior 134

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Berlin Wall 134Cuban Missile Crisis 135

What Would You do? Soviet Missiles in Cuba 137VietnaM and itS ConSequenCeS 137the apparent deCline of u.S. eConoMiC hegeMony 139détente 141

the opening of China, the Moscow Summit, and Salt 141tensions in détente 144

froM dialogue to diSCord 145the invasion of afghanistan 146the reagan doctrine 146

Why did the Cold War end? 147the gorbachev factor 148

at a Glance: the end of the Cold War and the levels of analysis 149failure of Communism 150the end of the evil empire 150the end of Bipolarity 151

ConCluSion 152at a Glance: levels of analysis and paradigms in review:

examples from the Cold War 153diSCuSSion and reVieW queStionS 154Key terMS 155

chapter 5 Imperialism and Its Victims 157

originS of iMperialiSM 159the firSt tranSoCeaniC eMpireS: Spain and portugal 161

Colonial Collusion: dividing the World 161Spanish Colonial administration 162portuguese Colonialism 162Spanish-american independence 163independence from portugal 163

dutCh eMpire 164anglo–frenCh riValry 165

france’s Bid for empire 167BritiSh eMpire 168What Would You do? the Costs of imperialism 169

Seventeenth and eighteenth Centuries 169nineteenth and twentieth Centuries 170

SpotliGht: British india 171

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twilight of empire 173SPotliGht: the mahatma 174tWo Great continental emPires: russia and the united states 175

the russians 176ninth through eighteenth centuries 176nineteenth and twentieth centuries 178

the americans 179ottoman emPire 181

fourteenth through eighteenth centuries 181nineteenth and twentieth centuries 183

too little, too late: German and JaPanese emPires 184decline of imPerialism 185social imPact of imPerialism 186

north america 187the caribbean 187latin america 187africa 189asia 190the Pacific 191china and Japan 191

economic conseQuences of colonialism 192latin america, africa, and the Pacific 192asia 193economic consequences: an assessment 194

cultural and ideoloGical imPact of colonialism 194colonialism and culture 194colonialism and ideology 196

conclusion 197at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

examples from imperialism 198discussion and reVieW Questions 199Key terms 199

Chapter 6 Globalization and Fragmentation in a new World order: 1991 to the Present 201

GloBalization and fraGmentation 202a neW World order? 205

War in the Gulf 206the european union 207

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u.s. economic hegemony endures 209enduring regional and internal conflicts: the middle east,

south asia, and the Korean Peninsula 210the middle east 210

at a GlanCE: arab-israeli confrontations 211south asia 216the Korean Peninsula 218the People’s republic of china and taiwan 220

collective security 220SPotliGht: definitional discord: Genocide and ethnic cleansing 225What Would You do? Genocide in rwanda 227the terror of sePtemBer 11 228

War in iraq 229terrorism redux 231

conclusion 233at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

examples from 1991 to the Present 234discussion and reVieW Questions 235Key terms 235

P a R t i i thE Major iSSuES in World PoliticS 237

Chapter 7 Security theory and Practice 239

the many faces of security 241external and internal threats 241subjective Versus objective aspects of security 243Working definition of security 245

security dilemma reVisited 246SPotliGht: clausewitz on War and Politics 247military PoWer 249

Weapons of mass destruction 249military Personnel 251defense expenditures 254logistics and Power Projection 256Qualitative factors: equipment, training, and morale 257soft Power 258

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strateGies for security: deterrence, defense, and comPellence 259deterrence 259defense 260compellence 261

reQuirements for deterrence 262commitment 262capability 263credibility 263

criticisms of deterrence 264defensive Weapons systems 266

technoloGy and security 268Breakthroughs, lead times, and cost 269

SPotliGht: nukespeak 270the offense/defense Balance 272the cutting edge 273

arms control and disarmament 275definitions 275early efforts at disarmament 276test Bans 277salt, start, sort, and new start 277intermediate-range and tactical nuclear Weapons 281cooperative threat reduction 281non-Proliferation treaty 282chemical Weapons, Biological Weapons, and missiles 284conventional arms control 286

What Would You do? nuclear Proliferation 287conclusion 288at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

security examples 289discussion and reVieW Questions 290Key terms 290

Chapter 8 contemporary Security issues 293

Proliferation 294SPotliGht: human costs of modern conflict 295

the debate over Proliferation 298command and control 299current Proliferation concerns 300

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terrorism 304contemporary terrorism around the World 306

SPotliGht: the sheikh 307categories of terrorist Groups 309

state-sponsored terrorism 310nationalist separatists 311ideological terrorism 312religious terrorism 313

terrorism and Weapons of mass destruction 315combating international terrorism 316

What Would You do? response to terrorism 318orGanized crime 321

What is organized crime? 321transnational organized crime activities 322the Globalization of organized crime 324

SPotliGht: the red Mafiya Penalty Box and the nhl 325SPotliGht: international drug trafficking 328

combating organized crime 331conclusion 332at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

contemporary security examples 333discussion and reVieW Questions 334Key terms 335

Chapter 9 World Politics: trade and investment 337

trade 338ricardo’s model of trade 339trade Barriers 340Balance of Payments 343money makes the World Go around 344exchange rates 345

caPital marKets and inVestment 347capital markets 347

SPotliGht: day traders find new outlet 348foreign direct investment 354

economic PoWer 357trade and industry 359technology 360

SPotliGht: technology Globalizes the Workforce 363

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economics as Politics 365realism 365liberalism 367

at a GlanCE: east african countries form a common market 370hegemonic stability theory: Bridging the

liberal–realist divide 372constructivism 373

conclusion 374at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

trade and investment 375What Would You do? the sock trade 376discussion and reVieW Questions 376Key terms 377

Chapter 10 World Politics: development 379

What deVeloPment means 381human and social deVeloPment 383

development: a holistic approach 383SPotliGht: Gender inequalities harm Well-Being,

hinder development 384civil society and development 388modernization theory 389

social impact of modernization 390critiques of modernization theory 392

Political deVeloPment 393requirements of Political development 393domestic: Political culture 394

economic deVeloPment 397systemic: dependency theory 397

SPotliGht: tough truths about free trade 398Primary Product exports 400unequal terms of trade 401multinational corporations 402critiques of dependency theory 404

domestic: economic development theories 406import-substitution industrialization 406export-led industrialization 407

at a GlanCE: argentina 408Washington consensus 409

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systemic-domestic 412structural adjustment Programs 412

deVeloPment today 413creating a new Paradigm 413searching for Practical solutions: technology 414

SPotliGht: invention and innovation 416searching for Practical solutions: microfinance 417corruption Versus courage 419

What Would You do? Promoting development 422conclusion 422at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in

review: development 423discussion and reVieW Questions 424Key terms 425

Chapter 11 human issues: demographic trends 427

PoPulation 429Population Growth and decline: impact of youth

Bulges and aging Populations 429urbanization and megacities 432international responses to Population dynamics:

importance of family Planning 433the abortion debate 436

miGration 437economic migration 438refugees 439consequences of migration 441international solutions to Problems of migration 444

SPotliGht: human trafficking 445health and disease 447

the Global health Picture 447responses to Global health Problems 449

What Would You do? avian flu 453conclusion 453at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review:

demographic issues 454discussion and reVieW Questions 455Key terms 455

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Chapter 12 resource issues 457

the enVironment 459deforestation 459Pollution 461

SPotliGht: is the earth Getting Warmer? 462international cooperation for saving the environment 465a Green and Pleasant Globe? 468

Water 469Water scarcity and the Potential for conflict 471international responses to the need for Water 472Water’s future 473

food 473feeding the World 473international food aid and famine relief efforts 477

enerGy 479the need for energy 479oil’s critical role 480energy crises and Global responses 483coal and natural Gas 484renewable energy 486

What Would You do? economic Growth Versus the environment 487

conclusion 487at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in

review: resource issues 489discussion and reVieW Questions 490Key terms 491

Chapter 13 Global Governance: international law and organizations 493

international laW 494sources of international law 495

customary Practices 495SPotliGht: the first international lawyer 496

treaties 497Violation and compliance 499areas of international law 501

human rights under international law 501

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can human rights conventions Be enforced 506Warfare and aggression 507

effectiveness and compliance: the Verdict on international law 508international orGanizations 509

international Governmental organizations 510security iGos: the united nations 510

the united nations is Born 512the united nations: structure, functions, and Politics 513 General assembly 513 security council 516

SPotliGht: conflict and cooperation in the security council 517secretariat and secretary-General 519international court of Justice 520economic and social council 521un Peacekeeping missions: expectations and experience 522

What Would You do? un Peacekeeping 525united nations’ effectiveness 526

economic iGos 529the World Bank 529the international monetary fund 530the Gatt and the World trade organization (Wto) 532the Bretton Woods institutions into the future 534

nongovernmental organizations 535nGos, Power, and Global Governance 536nGos in action 537

conclusion 538at a GlanCE: levels of analysis and Paradigms in review: Global

Governance 539discussion and reVieW Questions 541Key terms 541

Chapter 14 World Politics in context 543

What haVe We coVered so far? 543What haVe We not yet coVered? 544

ethics 544ethics of War 544ethics of sovereignty and Positive intervention 547ethics of Peace and reconciliation 549ethics of trade and development 550

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ethics of competing interests 551SPotliGht: Bad Guys make even Worse allies 554

relationship of World Politics to other subdisciplines of Political science 556foreign Policy 556comparative Politics 557american Politics 557Political theory 558

the future 558realist Projection 558liberal Projection 559constructivist Projection 560

conclusion 561What Would You do? the future of the un 561discussion and reVieW Questions 562Key terms 562

notes 563 Glossary 600 Bibliography 616 Sources of illustrations 647 index 651

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