Shale

AquiferFreshwater

P

ostc

losu

re

END START

Feasibility Study

Closure Injection

Desig

n Ph

ase

Form

atio

n

CO2

Sweet Gas Raw Gas

Near-Surface-Monitoring

Techniques Deep Subsurface-Monitoring Techniques

Thou

sand

s of

Fee

t

Level Risk Rank9–10 High

7–8 Moderate

5–6 Transition

2–4 Low

The Plains CO2 Reduction Partnership Program: Addressing CO2 Storage Through EOR Charles D. Gorecki, John A. Hamling, Scott C. Ayash, Edward N. Steadman, and John A. Harju, Energy & Environmental Research Center

Why A Great Near-Term Solution • CO2 EOR, a well-developed technique for injectingCO2 EOR? and handling large volumes of CO2, has been used

for over 40 years. • Much of the infrastructure is already in place. • Costs of storage can be offset by income from EOR.

Separation of CO2 and Oil Oil Tank CO2 Compression

CO2 InjectionCO2 from Pipeline

characterization, modeling and

The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership, one of seven regional partnerships established by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Regional Carbon Sequestration

Partnership Program, is identifying the most suitable carbon dioxide (CO2) storage strategies and technologies, aiding in regulatory development, educating the general public, and investigating appropriate infrastructure for carbon capture and storage (CCS) commercialization within its region. This region includes all or part of nine U.S. states and four Canadian provinces.

Partnering with several industry leaders in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR), the PCOR Partnership has been working to use this technology as a means for commercial-scale deployment of CCS.

PCOR AlbertaEERC Innovates

Energy & Environmental Research Center ® smTechnologyPutting Research into PracticePartnership AMERICAN COALITION FORENERGY CLEAN COAL ELECTRICITYFuturesUniversity of

North Dakota Grand Forks2003 – Present

Biorecro America’s Oil Champion

EXCELSIOR E N E R G YAlberta Geological Survey

MISSOURI Natural ResourcesMUREXMUREXMISSOURI RIVERDEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM CORPORATIONE N E R G Y S E R V I C E S ® Canadaminnesota power NATURAL RESOURCES

NORTH DAKOTA

OTTER AIL OFFICE OF RENEWABLE ENERGYAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY POWER COMPANY

TM

POWER SYSTEMSRAMGEN

Shell Canada Limited

Wyoming Office ofState Lands and Investments

ADVANCED W E S T M O R E L A N D GEOTECHNOLOGY C O A L C O M P A N Y

1/14

Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)

• Guided by site characterization, modeling, simulation, and risk assessment.

CO2 and Oil

Proven Storage

• Existing EOR operations are already incidentally storing CO2. • Almost every ton of CO2 purchased is eventually stored. • Oil produced with CO2 EOR is “greener” than conventionally produced oil.

PCOR Partnership

CO2 EOR Potential

EOR could increase domestic oil production by

25% in two decades.

Site Characterization

• Well data integration • Outcrop investigations • Core data analysis • Geophysical surveys Adaptive• Existing infrastructure evaluation Management

Approach The PCOR Partnership is employing

Modeling and Simulation a philosophy that integrates site

• Compatibility with commercial project. • Use fit-for-purpose modeling simulation, and risk management to• Opportunity to supplement MVA and simulation to answer design a comprehensive monitoringSite program with commercial data. specific questions. Characterization

plan for CO2 storage and EOR. Elements of any of these activities are crucial for

• Two components:Oil and gas reservoirs - Surface and near-surface

have already • Incorporate appropriate site

characterization data. • Inform risk assessment and

understanding or developing the others and evolve over the project phases.

- Reservoir CO2 Source

Monitoring, Design Modeling and monitoring programs.demonstrated

Recycle Facilities Simulation

Injection and AccountingOil SalesProduction Wells 0’

Tubing

Surface Casing

Oil/

Wat

er/ C

O2

Production CasingCement

their ability to hold oil for

Cement

Risk Assessment

millions of years. 1000’

Fox Hills Groundwater Wells Groundwater Wells

Pierre

2000’

Surface Water Soil Gas Profile Stations Soil Gas Probes Production and Injection Rates Wellhead Pressure Monitoring Temperature PDM Pressure PDM 3-D Time-Lapse VSP 3-D Time-Lapse Seismic Passive Seismic MonitoringGeologic Seal

CO 2

CO 2

and

Oil

Neutron Logging

3000’

4000’ Niobrara Regionally, over

Carlile Impact Severity5000’ Greenhorn

CO2 EOR and Storage Zone Belle Fourche Mowry

Muddy 1 2 3 4 5

Skull Creek Dakota 5 6 7 8 9 10Risk Assessment 3.5 billion tons

Prob

abili

ty (F

requ

ency

)

4 5 6 7 8 9 of CO2 storage potential• Identify relevant risks. • Rank the relative likelihood of occurrence 3 4 5 6 7 8

in the oil and gas fieldsand potential magnitude of impact. 2 3 4 5 6 7For more information regarding the PCOR Partnership, visit our Web site at www.undeerc.org/PCOR. To request a • Identify critical risks. 1 2 3 4 5 6

complimentary copy of one of the many informational and and 7 billion stb• Implement strategies to reduce theeducational products featured on our Web site, including the

likelihood and/or impact of unacceptable risks.PCOR Partnership Atlas, 4th Edition, Revised, contact: of incremental oil. • Evaluate, monitor, and mitigate relevant hazards.Charles Gorecki

Energy & Environmental Research Center • Evaluate remediation strategies based on cost-effectiveness. 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9018 701-777-5355, cgorecki@undeerc.org

Fourth EAGE CO2 Geological Storage Workshop, April 2014 This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory under Award No. DE-FC26-05NT42592.