1500-1700 (india) click here for hook video . history of india in 1400s very lush country with many...
TRANSCRIPT
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE1500-1700 (India)
Click here for hook video
HISTORY OF INDIA IN 1400S Very lush country with many cities &
temples Hindu lower classes labored for
Muslim/Hindu masters Gupta Empire collapsing 1st Ottomans (Timur the Lame) conquers
New Delhi, then… Huge clash between Hindus (India) & Muslims (Ottomans) Hindus won Delhi is destroyed and weak
BABUR 1494 – 11 yr. old boy, BABUR, inherits kingdom northwest of India But elders drove him away
He moved south & later set groundwork for Mughal Empire
Strong & sensitive leader; “Renaissance Man”
Defeated massive RAJPUT army (“sons of kings” or Turkish warlords & moved into Delhi
Area weak, so nomadic people invade India, called Mughals or “Mongols” (Muslim)
AKBAR: THE GOLDEN AGE
Grandson of Babur; aka “Great One”
1556 – 1605: comes to power, gains land & builds a unified Mughal Empire – Golden Age
He is a Muslim
AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS, SLIDE
1
Rules with religious tolerance
Abolishes special taxes on non-Muslims
Bureaucracy of educated officials rules efficiently
Reorganized taxes to represent % of crops (more $)
War-like – armies are equipped with heavy artillery
Employs some potential enemies
Strongly utilized composite bow & arrow weaponry
AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS, SLIDE 2
Strongly utilized new weapons of war: Composite bow & arrow horse
archery Damascus Swords Rockets War Elephants
AKBAR’S ACCOMPLISHMENTS SLIDE 3 Cultural diffusion – many
cultures/languages combined Upper class spoke Persian Common people spoke Hindi (Persian & local
language) Army people spoke Urdu (Arabic, Persian &
Hindi) book illustrations – miniatures were detailed, colorful stories library & schools architecture – massive, graceful, decorated
with stonework of Hindu themes
JAHANGIR
Akbar dies in 1605; his son rules
aka “Grasper of the World”
weak ruler & relied on his wife, NUR JAHEN
Raises taxes & neglects people
Persecutes Sikhs religion that blends Buddhism, Hinduism, & mysticism
Ended religious toleration
SHAH JAHAN
Secured the throne through assassination of all rivals
Greatest accomplishment: built TAJ MAHAL as a tomb for his deceased wife, Mumtaz Mahal
BUT country suffered because spent so much time & money to build it increased taxes
TAJ MAHAL VIDEO
Specs of the Taj Mahal Video
AURANGZEB
Shah Jahan is sick so 3rd son, AURANGZEB, takes throne
(kills brother & puts S. Jahan in prison)
EXPANDS MUGHAL EMPIRE TO ITS GREATEST SIZE
BUT empire is weak because of oppression of his people (harsh laws & destroys temples)
EMPIRE’S DECLINE & DECAY Long line of weak rulers
Mughal Emperor now only a wealthy figurehead
Empire no longer united because of corruption; now a bunch of independent states
EUROPEANS MOVE IN TO TRADE Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch, French,
& English) had trading outposts set up in Mughal Empire the whole time Mughals were not threatened by them
Aurangzeb gave them port of Bombay big mistake , BIG important city for trade in the future.
TRADE: British wanted Indian textiles, mostly COTTON & SPICES
Crash Course Video
Summarizes the Mughal Empire’s leaders: Akbar and Aurangzeb
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbuM0aJjVgE