1492-1770

Early English Settlements

Roanoke IslandSir Walter Raleigh Est. 1585-was the first

attempt to colonize America by the British for POLITICAL reasons.Attempt to acquire more

land for the British Empire

100 men After 1 year unhappy

colonists decided to return to England.

Early English Settlements The Lost ColonySir Walter Raleigh1587 was the 2nd attempt

to colonize America by the British

91 men, 17 women & 9 children

Virginia Dare was the first English settler to be born in America

It is still a mystery as to what happened to the settlers.

Only clue to their fate was the carving “CROATOAN”

Early English Settlements

Early English Settlements Jamestown Est. 1607 for Economic

ReasonsCharter – written

permission to organize settlements in an area

Virginia Company Joint stock company-

investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of future profits.

Made up of merchants (people who trade goods to make money).

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.) The Virginia Company

was hoping to find gold and silver.

Drawbacks of location:Poor farmlandSwampy and infested

with disease carrying mosquitos

By spring of 1608 only 38 of 144 remained alive.

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.) Important People:

Captain John Smith Forced settlers to work Explored the area Negotiated to get food from

the Native American Powhatan Tribe

John Rolfe Learned how to grow West

Indies tobacco that helped the colony’s economy prosper.

Married Pocahontas-the daughter of Chief Powhatan

First successful English colony in the New World.

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.)

“The Starving Time”1609-1610

400 new arrivalsLack of leadershipFood supplies ran out

over the winterFighting with Natives

and cannibalism By spring of 1610 only

60 remained

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.)

EconomyTobacco first sold in England in 1614Colonists rented plots

Grew food and tobacco to sellBy 1618 private land ownership expandedHeadright System

50 acres of land plus 50 acres per family member over 15 and 50 acres per servant brought to America

First successful English colony in the New World.

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.)

GovernmentColonists grew tired of taking orders from the Virginia CompanyThe House of Burgesses

First form of representative government in the New World10 towns in the colonies sent 2 representatives each to make the laws for the colonyFirst met in a Jamestown church on July 30, 1619

First successful English colony in the New World.

Early English Settlements Jamestown (Cont.)

Jamestown was the first successful English colony in the New World.

Questions?What was Roanoke? Why was the House of Burgesses important? What was the name of the group of

merchants that set up Jamestown? What is important about the year 1607? What did the early settlers of Jamestown

hope to find?What crop helped the people of Jamestown to

prosper?

New England Colonies New Hampshire, Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island 1. Founded for the following reasons:

a. Religious Freedom b. Political Freedom c. Economic

New England Colonies Puritans vs. Pilgrims

Puritan – wanted to reform the Anglican church. Would go on to found the colony of Massachusetts.

Separatists - wanted to leave and set up their own churches The Pilgrims were Separatists who left for the New

World on a pilgrimage. REFORM!

NEW CHURCH

!

New England Colonies MassachusettsFounded for religious freedom

MayflowerPilgrims

Sought to settle in Virginia but landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.

Chose to stay in Plymouth due to the approaching winter season.

Almost half died during the first year due to malnutrition, disease and cold.

New England Colonies Massachusetts(cont.)Pilgrims’ Government

Mayflower Compact Pledged their loyalty to

England and helped establish the laws of the colony. They set up self-government.

An important step in the development of representative government in America

New England Colonies Massachusetts(cont.)Important People

William Bradford Pilgrims’ Leader &

HistorianSquanto & Samoset

Squanto spoke English First Native Americans to

meet the Pilgrims Taught Pilgrims how to

hunt, fish and grow crops. Helped broker a treaty

between Pilgrims & Wampanoag

Massasoit A Wampanoag leader Signed treaty with Pilgrims

New England Colonies Massachusetts(cont.)The First Thanksgiving

Took place in the Autumn of 1621

A celebration of peace between 90 Native Americans and 50 Pilgrims

Thankful to be raising food and for their survival

3 day feast

New England Colonies Massachusetts(cont.)Massachusetts Bay Company

Increased persecution of Puritans in England

1629-receive royal charter to colonize north of Plymouth in/around Boston

Society based on the Bible “City upon a hill” Persecuted those that held

other religious beliefsJohn Winthrop

Colony’s governor

New England Colonies New HampshireFounded for economic and religious reasons

Captain John Mason Fishing, lumbering,

trade & ship building.John Wheelwright

Led a group of dissenters from Massachusetts to practice religion freely

New England Colonies ConnecticutFounded for religious, political and economic reasons Better farmland Thomas Hooker

Unhappy with John Winthrop and other Puritan leaders.

Wanted more restrictions to government

Led congregation from Massachusetts to Connecticut

New England Colonies Connecticut(cont.)Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in America

Described the organization of representative government in detail

New England Colonies Rhode IslandFounded for Religious toleranceDissenters were forced from Massachusetts Roger Williams

Did not believe people should be forced to practice a particular religion

Disagreed with taking land from Native Americans

Anne HutchinsonQuestioned authority of

colony’s ministersClaimed god spoke to her

directly

Questions?What is the difference between a Puritan and a

Pilgrim? Why was the Mayflower Compact an important

step towards representative government? For what reasons were the New England

colonies founded? What group founded Massachusetts? In what year did the Pilgrims land in the

Americas?Where did the Pilgrims land? What is so significant about the Fundamental

Orders of Connecticut?

Middle Colonies New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware

Founded for the following reasons: Religious Freedom Economic

Middle Colonies New YorkFounded for Religious tolerance and for Economic reasonsOriginally a Dutch colony established by the West India Company to trade in AmericaPeter Stuyvesant

Dutch Colony GovernorSurrendered New

Amsterdam to the EnglishCharles II gifts Colony to his brother, the Duke of York

Renamed colony to New York

Middle Colonies New York(cont.)Proprietary Colony

Owner owns and controls the government of all the land

By 1691 New York has an elected legislator

Duke of York promises religious freedom

People of New YorkFirst Jews in North AmericaDutch, Swedes, Native

Americans and PuritansAfrican slaves

Middle Colonies New JerseyFounded for Religious toleranceGiven to Lord John Berkely and Sir George Carteret by Duke of York

Gave settlers large tracts of land

Promised religious tolerance

Trial by jury and represented assembly Made local laws and set

tax rates

But if you act now and

move to New Jersey within

the next 5 months, we’ll throw in all these extras

for free!

Middle Colonies PennsylvaniaFounded for Religious toleranceGiven to William Penn to repay King’s debtWilliam Penn

Believed in religious tolerance

Believed in representative government

Saw the colony as a “holy experiment”

QuakersEveryone equal in God’s eyesNo churchPacifists

Middle Colonies Delaware Originally part of

southern Pennsylvania Known as the “Three

Lower Counties” Formed their own

legislature and began functioning as a separate colony

Questions?What were the Middle Colonies? Who were the Quakers? What are pacifists? What did William Penn do? What did he refer to Pennsylvania as? What were some things the colony of New

Jersey offered settlers to entice them to settle?

What were three reasons the Middle Colonies founded?

Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Founded for the following reasons: Economic Religious

Southern Colonies VirginiaFounded for economic purposesJamestown-1607

Looking for goldEnded up with prosperous

tobacco plantationsBegin to push west and settle new land.

Causes conflicts with Native Americans

Southern Colonies Virginia(cont.)William Berkeley

Virginia’s GovernorBrokered a treaty with the

Native Americans Promised to prevent settlers

from pushing further west in exchange for a large tract of land.

Bacon’s RebellionNathanial Bacon

Resented colonial government Led rebellion at Jamestown in

1676 Drove Berkeley into exile England sends troops to

restore order

Southern Colonies MarylandFounded for economic purposes and religious freedom.

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore His son Cecil inherited colony Wished to establish a safe

place for English Catholics Hoped to make a fortune

Mason-Dixon Line Set boundary between

Pennsylvania and MarylandAct of Toleration

Guaranteed religious toleration Only lasted 43 years

Southern Colonies North & South CarolinaFounded for economic purposes

Hoped to make money by selling and renting out land

Constitution written by John Locke

Main concern was principles and rights.

Needed slave labor for growth and harvest of their crops.

Rice and indigo were major crops grown there.

1729 – Divided up into North and South Carolina due to disputes over how the colony should be ruled

Southern Colonies GeorgiaFounded for political purposes. James Oglethorpe

Banned slavery, Catholics and Rum

Founded as a place where debtors, the poor and some criminals could make a fresh start rather than go to jail

Could protect other colonies from Spanish attack from the south.

Other Empires New France

Established in Canada and along the Mississippi River .Had good relations with the Native Americans. Mostly interested in the fishing and fur trapping

economy.

Other EmpiresNew Spain

Controlled Mexico, Caribbean, Central and South America

Created missions to convert native people to the Catholic faith

Questions?Why did George Calvert establish the colony of

Maryland? Why did Bacon oppose the colonial government? How did Georgia serve as protection for the English

colonies? Why were the Southern colonies founded?What were some cash crops grown in the Southern

colonies? Why did France begin exploring and settling the New

World? Why did Spain begin exploring and settling the New

World?

LIFE IN THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

GEOGRAPHYClimate: The Climate in the New England

colonies was colder than the other two regions due to the northern location.

Geography: The geography of New England was mostly hills and rocky soil.

Natural Resources: The natural resources of New England were fish, whales, trees, and furs.

ECONOMYSome major businesses in the New England

colonies were shipbuilding, fishing, fur trapping and trade

LIFE IN THE MIDDLE COLONIESGEOGRAPHY

Climate: The climate in the Middle Colonies was relatively hot. This allowed for a longer growing season. It was warmer than its northern counterpart New England but cooler than the Southern colonies

Geography: The geography of the middle colonies was made up of hills and flat lands with good soil.

Natural Resources: The natural resources of the middle colonies were iron ore and good soil.

ECONOMYThe Middle colonies made money by farming cash

crops and industries such as lumber and mining.

LIFE IN THE SOUTHERN COLONIES

GEOGRAPHYClimate: The climate in the southern colonies was

the warmest of the three regions and boasted the longest growing season.

Geography: The geography of the Southern Colonies which had a broad, coastal plain that was hilly and covered with forests.

Natural Resources: The natural resources found in the south were the rich farm lands, forests, and fish.

ECONOMYThe Southern Colonies had an agrarian economy.

They grew cash crops (tobacco, rice, cotton, indigo).

The Triangular Trade?

It was a trade route that exchanged goods between Europe, the Americas and West Africa.

The Middle Passage

The part of the Triangular Trade which shipped slaves to the Americas.

SLAVE CODES

Slave codes were strict rules stating how slaves should behave and how they would be punished. Examples of some slave codes:

Slaves cannot leave the plantation without written permission.

It was illegal to teach slaves to read and write. Slaves would be whipped for minor offenses and

hanged or burned to death for serious crimes.

CULTURE IN THE COLONIESTHE GREAT AWAKENING

1720’s-1740’sA return to strong religious beliefs in the

colonies. More people went to churches and new

denominations started forming. More people began believing that all people

were equal in the eyes of God. Jonathan Edwards

Delivered powerful and convincing sermansGeorge Whitefield

Spread revivals throughout the colonies

CULTURE IN THE COLONIESThe Enlightenment

a movement that began to spread the idea that knowledge, reason and science could improve society.

EducationPrimary purpose was to make sure everyone could

read and study the Bible.

Family LifeFamily was the foundation of colonial lifeWomen tended to domestic affairsMen were heads of household and managed the farm

GOVERNMENTGlorious Revolution

England parliament replaced James II with William & Mary

Showed power of elected representatives

English Bill of Rights William & Mary forced to sign Grants certain basic rights to all citizens Inspired the creation of our Bill of Rights

Voting Only white men who owned property had the right

to vote. Women, indentured servants, landless poor and African slaves could not vote.