1111111111111111111 ,,~, nz~a€¢ irish potato famine 'six o'clock swill' •...

13
L 91234 _j 1111111111111111111 NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA Level 2 History, 2013 SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY 91234 Examine how a significant historical event affected New Zealand society Achievement Examine how a significant historical event affected New Zealand society. 9.30 am Monday 25 November 2013 Credits: Five Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence Examine in-depth how a significant Comprehensively examine how a historical event affected New Zealand significant historical event affected New society. Zealand society. Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page. If you need more room for your answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet. Check that this booklet has pages 2-12 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. © New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2013. All rights reserved. Low Achieved TOTAL 3 ASSESSOR'S USE ONLY No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

Upload: nguyenthuan

Post on 08-Jun-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

L 91234

_j

1111111111111111111

,,~, NZ~A

NEW ZEALAND QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY MANA TOHU MATAURANGA 0 AOTEAROA

Level 2 History, 2013

SUPERVISOR'S USE ONLY

91234 Examine how a significant historical event affected New Zealand society

Achievement

Examine how a significant historical event affected New Zealand society.

9.30 am Monday 25 November 2013 Credits: Five

Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence

Examine in-depth how a significant Comprehensively examine how a historical event affected New Zealand significant historical event affected New society. Zealand society.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page.

If you need more room for your answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet.

Check that this booklet has pages 2-12 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2013. All rights reserved.

Low Achieved

TOTAL 3 ASSESSOR'S USE ONLY

No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

~

C' C'

" c

2

You are advised to spend one hour writing your essay in this booklet.

INTRODUCTION

Historical events that have significantly affected New Zealanders include:

British colonisation of • imposition of Chinese poll 'Rogernomics' New Zealand taxes • election of the first Labour

• Vietnam War I Malayan • 1918 influenza pandemic Government Emergency • Mau protests in Western 1981 Springbok tour Mazengarb Report Samoa establishment of Kohanga

• gold rushes • homosexual law reform Reo

World War One/Gallipoli Great Depression • women's suffrage

• World War Two establishment and • French nuclear testing

• Equal Pay Act function of the Waitangi • temperance campaigns

Australian Federation Tribunal • Bastion Point occupation

• Irish potato famine 'six o'clock swill' • establishment of the

'dawn raids' Maori renaissance KTngitanga

INSTRUCTIONS

Write an essay on ONE significant historical event you have studied this year that has affected New Zealanders.

Write your chosen historical event in the box below. Your event may be from the list above or from your course of study.

Historical event: ----~---------- ~--

ESSAY TASK

Examine the background of the significant historical event you have chosen, and how the event affected New Zealanders in the short term and long term.

In your essay, you should consider one or more of the following features:

political

• social

• economic

military

strategic

• any other features you consider to be relevant.

Your essay should be 600-800 words.

Plan your essay on page 4.

Begin your essay on page 5.

History 91234, 2013

5

Begin your essay here:

.~e-. (\e.\ DO'<'f\ . \-:)o,y_, o.. S:. \IJ'C\-...~\c.a•a \ _b_~o~ \OO~ k:_uR'0\_ ~ ~o..\ _ ~vcAoe_d .. ~ mev ~cal (:\ ~-\y_Q\ta, . {\\~~ .zeo-.\Q\\d _(:A(\Q u,Q_\\'Ov-D-1 [\(')V~~~ o,__~_~h. ~£__ __ -\),~-\~OX'f\ WQV' -~~ Q _hD,Y ~ -~~~\(_~

.end 01\~~ -\he .. ~~~-s~det ~ . VL-\'Ll _ - -'~ _ .. hQ. .. Uf.\, ed . S~es__ Y: __ w ·--~-v .e:)Q.\h\"1~ \'1\vchJ.rol _ 8Q'1. _be.ro~ __ -\h~ . .behmfd tn \'n~ . 'DCJIY\~na ~j .. ~ch \9, w~ _ .CX\Q __ · Qov.i1iVtj.- _\ce.QC;f'D~ .fufbOOUY\tS+ __ ill __ w~\\ . _ ffiaf'\~ cft\10£ ... ~Ute.\- 'C\OYY! became _d\lllckd. oL_ . e __ \2~\\J?Q\v~~e) })eccrm~. NMb . . Ll\.e..\nam a.ffi .. S_C2\A1 . _Vee: . .Y\am __ _ _hec:rlu.S£_~he. _ C0.h~v~ \lad ~\1"9 \dea8. en 1-uh.l__d . . ~bOJ.\ol \)e_ . v un" -ine ~~h _ \o_C2.Cntme. .. ~De. .. tcrY\mu(\\~~ ~toQ w~~e- \\1e .... f'Ov~h .Nan\ed d~mcc.vO?j· A\\ .. t..Jle:\'0Drr1 ~ruiecA wa9. .. .. tl'\d&.~o\0"C£ ..\'vom . C1r'\~ 0Ahev. e_cu~'l:.l.eS

-~\\££_ . ~h~ ho.Dl . alwC!!Qg' ~. o._ cclew\'(1 0.l~en. ·'{ .. . __ \oQ.CDIY:\Q. . .. \rol~rolerd -~~e\v ~e..ve 11\lXQDL...{eeltng~ .C>~.. -\he. gbJ£rJJlltlerJ ··- .--- ----- ------ - - ·- ----- -- -- --- ------ . · - ~- ------- --- -- ----- -- ....

. \\c __ Q~\_ CDYab .. -~a~ ~be ___ \eod_ev .. c:rQ . -th~e .. Se:u:H, ~ h~ \-'¥'1 \V\Q_ . Qvm~ _ll\cl ~9\ _ ~~\\£ _[1Q(Y) .

. ~-~--- -A-he ______ \eod_e_v ___ ~ _ t.be_ __ 1\tey-\\\_ Qrd_ _hod A .. 'cof2.vlca ---~~\4b0\\~q _hm ucltL_'o_e _~s___ __ . . Q<2}2llgS.\f'LXtfd.:_ J~~-- £~v~ ..... 8 _tnQy\ffi . -~8, .. __ C\1_ ~be . _wQ_. \\\\06. -.J~ 1,-,l.Q-\chn<:j-~-~ ror _\n._ __ Ute..\rom_ bvA .... :\Ny- ~'(\ rm~,zed .. :±.M .

History 91 234, 2013

SOR'S

r NLY

6

History 91234, 2013

ASSESSOR use ONL\

7

v--J~e. . \\\ l\<2-~Y'OM PY\cY Amev1co 01n~ . A u<c>~vO\l\0 ~c-<ev~ ~ttmg VV\0vQ ?ve8Su'l@e on NZ- ~e> SeGcl -\voo?~ - _W,\h ~e ?ub~tQ ov. \- c...v~ NZ Sen\ ~-- New ZQO\~ord ~~CO\)~ \r~Cl\ --~e.\\)eoL_ ~JY\eVLCQ l\\ mLAl.f_t_p(Q ~eya~t0n~, _ '?vdes-\s &,\\a~ed-_ CX\ 1t-X1n\\x--g . Ne.-v-1. z~~o.ro\Qvs ov±_ oQ _ U\e~Y'OD" rovc.h _\\\;?.Q -\~Q. .. G\Y'<\Q_nco.n'2:. _ 'r:-o..VtD.~ ro0-'2:,'2:.\tJQ ~vo\....ffi\ s _ o."d \:u,vmns d o\. vQ.-(1{ ro~.£. . _:-IV\ e. Medta row brct~ _o'cl~ :\o 8¥-oh.t _.fue. acitoY\'a cR _ w0-v _ N\~h lmo~QS o0d udeag -\hQ_ _\AA'ollQ . \ lf\ __ \x±~ ~m_e_v,c_a_ __ OAtld _ NehL2eotorO Nev-e ~~eo\ __ brj --. whoA the~ Y\lete. se.Qm8~ -

- ·- . --

Ne\r--4 Zro,\CAt:dev __ \rJe_ve ~.eot _ t n 4hk? _ ~\;- \e...-m b~ ~v\n<j ~xLme. mm,s-Lev _ _ C..CA'f\.\..cAa\.e\1 ~\X\\00 Of\ 1:\C.e. __ U~V\Qfh k.Jav he\\). ole.\ev~v:wf\e _ N\\o ~.:i:!J~\c} be_ +he_ nQ.x{ \)v,me fi\W\\_~~ev _of _NQN 2Qa[Qnd H~h-~lh ~< __ elec:\-,on. "\Yie o..A YQ{je _dL N&l 202\ondeYS \o:~.\ed ~"'e who\e -\_,me 1\JZ {~s Nev-*2

_\\'\ Utdnorn -nxe. ODt, -bJ'JY .. \)~'e> ·es\ -\~wrugh _ _veot ~~n~ -~Q <S!jmklt'Ze +h~ oleaol_etvrfl,d 5\\e_ c~v ~me_va\\oo -N\to 0<-\)Qvterf\Qd _ ... _W0v\LA_ Wav __ Z _ ~ooA _olrPreverd c;) .t,Xht)n9 ~ 0 _ _.

_fu-e _j0t!0£3£v ~~ra;~ aq .. AF---- ~cunq --~\b\z:e_: uQ- -~ 'i:JIC>_eS{ €ol ~~e. 4:\ne ail _ -vvlli_ _wet\ Checl ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . _ _ ______________ _ ------~-·- . ·-- ---·--·-· •.. -- -· . ..... ·· ·- ..... ------- --- · -· - -- ·-- ···--- -- --

History 91234, 2013

ASSESSOR'S USE ONLY

8

History 91234, 2013

9

- - --- - - . -- .. - .. - -- - - - - ..... - ~ ··- - ~ --

---- - -- - -· · -- ... --- - .-- - •. ~-~- ..... ··- -- ---- --- --- - -

----- ---- ... - ..... ---·- - . - -- - - -- -.- ----- ---· ·- - ... . . - --- ......

·----- ~-- - - -- .. - - - - - - . - . . -- -- --- - ... - ... - - - - ---- --- -- - - - ..

-------- - - - --- -------- - -- -- -- ..... - ---- --- - ---.. ------- ---- . ......... - -- - . - ...

----~-------- ... ·-- -- ..... . -- -- ------ .. . . --- -- -- ~ - - . - -- ------- ---- ----------- --- --- - -

- ---- . - - ~ ----- ··- - - ----- . ·- - --- -- . -- -- ------ .. ----- - --.

• --- - -·-- --- ,. ... u ... -~- ·---··• ·-·· -··-·--•-•••••••-~•---·

-- ........ .,. _____ ... ···---- - - - ---- - - ~-------·-···-- - -- - -

- --•• --- - - - - - - • -• - --· --· - • • -• • ' ~ --·• ---- •••-·-- ·---·· -- • --n• • N> -

History 91234, 201 3

ASSESSOR'S USE ONLY

Low Achieved – 03 The background to the event was examined – some of the evidence is limited. A couple of effects have been identified, although the supporting evidence is weak.

'II:

C' C' 'II

c

2

You are advised to spend one hour writing your essay in this booklet.

INTRODUCTION

Historical events that have significantly affected New Zealanders include:

• British colonisation of 0 imposition of Chinese poll • 'Rogernomics' New Zealand taxes election of the first Labour Vietnam War I Malayan 1918 influenza pandemic Government Emergency • Mau protests in Western • 1981 Springbok tour

• Mazengarb Report Samoa • establishment of Kohanga gold rushes • homosexual law reform Reo

• World War One I Gallipoli Great Depression • women's suffrage

• World War Two establishment and • French nuclear testing

• Equal Pay Act function of the Waitangi • temperance campaigns

• Australian Federation Tribunal • Bastion Point occupation

Irish potato famine 'six o'clock swill' establishment of the

'dawn raids' • Maori renaissance KTngitanga •

INSTRUCTIONS

Write an essay on ONE significant historical event you have studied this year that has affected New Zealanders.

Write your chosen historical event in the box below. Your event may be from the list above or from your course of study.

Historical event: -----------·-·-------------·····---·--···--·----·-··--- -------·---- -- .

ESSAY TASK

Examine the background of the significant historical event you have chosen, and how the event affected New Zealanders in the short term and long term.

In your essay, you should consider one or more of the following features:

• political

social

• economic

military

• strategic

any other features you consider to be relevant

Your essay should be 600-800 words.

Plan your essay on page 4.

Begin your essay on page 5.

History 91234, 201 3

5

Begin your essay here:

/m_ .etY.eA~t __ Of __ S.i~J1JtJLffJJ1£ w _ry~ .l&al.tahd i£ .:the_ "£Lefnam_J0f-L11r.~-- ,

_ N ~ 2. ~a l.anL£.u.fterfd __ bclb . .pDJ1±t~_ l ~ _JJ__n Qtla.o~ ~~- __ 01£.._.\t.'!ell ____ qs ___ _

__ _ f.l £J.thn3 loll3-__ fetm __ utv.lvL_&_bodJ:~m me.-c±s.~ .-P-oli:hc~ll!j -~--- ______ _ _ _ l:e.ru anu\ ___ ha\ 0 __ w ____ full o~~- .:±h_ eic~ 1Bne..0 ___ ::br.~ht:s_i~Lo.r a~ . nQt ___ _

____ 10.~-~ _ ~Lf! __ CU')_ti_&DLWLil~~ -h2tiOVV._LVI§_tr\ jhe_1QaJ&±-i.p.5 . .cl. ®~lflt,-- -

·--- _f.«l_-h_·-: \NCJ( ___ pr:oi~_rmv~ __ .\.0lRK.e_roctde. .. . Sho1.±_t.eriY)_1 _.f~JY.Jdt:_e_.s ___ _

_ _ _ _ Here. _ &e{) . .em1.t.cl . __ frQ1!.1 _ _;V£..t.er~n"~---IL'J-htL lo~ tvJy, ___ v.et~fllli __ .Yti:.roo :t _

_ ___ rt.ULgi'1i.lilA ~ntiJ --~ear.s_illi_e:t_ .:...JbJ~en:l_&__~~--~£10£.let~J&.~~- __

____ -\Qf ___ mtm~ Atl t'.n.gs_ -~1AGh. l!S .. -f2rclcl&._fut:.':the.S~ •~1?::1t2.ak.JQ.~.t- ~.l±lsa. J't __

. ___ &hQ~'jecL1NJ'lG\t. _ GL &matl_ L<9.J.ttl.tY'g.~--~U&.p.®2le-.~~---- --- ------ ------·--------- _____ _ _

_ _jh_e. VftJnoun_n<a.L.-S:mrle.rJ __ £lt:._~ __ CAoof!\L~LLfQ.Qfi2r.&nt.-e ... 1.Jde.Ld in __

_ lCJS.£:". 1b.LS. __ .. U2ofwm_~s. J.tM1 .. -.\~J0 ---~R-,_ 1J.S.S1-.. 1H.rnet:.fLI2! 1 JL..ts .... . __

_ .tMl.tL.~ru1ue. ____ v\lho __ ~tt.e_.JQ .. .elev.1 cAe ____ V'J....ba± __ _l,t.i c.t~-- w JJ.e _ &1 o.n£. _ _ ___ _

_ __w db_ \fiefull1m . ! _[y~Jv_al1~ ./1Y.nerf.ut _~_e&Jt_ .~ .N~o_f:1l~. DI£Jmr

--~ t1n1M.l.~_:s__ __ QlAp.p£L· ~-I-_to J£tld __ .s__a uth ~f.{·iYHJJ~-- -~:S.~ __ .dt1nJ!JKffhL _ULah I _____ e.1tC:\:fo_flj ___ oo..ro~. -Uf :... No t±hJLLe...-b~.C1.m +__wnHctlLM1 1£...-t,_~as_ __ nAn ___ b.y _____ _ __ _ HQ __ 0.h! _ f:1:('i\h_/- t V~tl~ __ tlo_:_) _ _j\_r)_t .el e1tio~_ Lan1_e __ _ ahf2JA1.19.r_Qn.e . .J~dev

. ___ &n~. \lieA'n _____ w_as _L.er±.ca.ln __ he ---~-'1s -8ot~~- .1o.JQ.s_e_J:rz __ HQ _ thi IY.1 ff~_) _ __ _ _

__ J:J o~~fu _ cu~-d---~v . .ufu_ftek\teoL Jl1 _w_Q1t. Ln w.h1"'b .tl\L(H(cans _w_l!t..Vf:. .... __ __ _

____ .R1'1.1tv\ --~D- _ twBbi __ fuv: __ fcee.tiOftl L.Noo.lailttl0d.Jr1aA . m \(\ v oJv..c ____ _

. ftsejf ~ v.t-t __ m tf£~he s._ .sJ B\1e.c.L'" J1~1JJS..L!Ms tr 121l1ti J:~ ew _ let1l.a~ncAr ___ V.n !":f-~at _gt.rJtes} .was.. _fAfi....JAiJA . h-...em~ -~ -~'¥lit .V'JJ1t?N1.tLY&t"_.e?Y.J£. _.ef _ .. ____ _ . __ __ +1.')£~1?. _ t01A$J _c.g ___ WeN'.£ ___ iD .Jl~ ~-'1'1~- -'~Me __ ±D_ help_, ___ ft_}S.Q _ .

__ $~!t1.o_CSQ_~fh ~Gi5±.hsJ'Q1 __ 1y-~ .D-r.gm1fs.tth.o1LJ.1 . .01..nHfu-1~n.3 .Jn S.Q llih. _ ~~t Pr51Q . 4 .J~_0.W . l.€:81 \£1¥.1d __ \tlerf.. _jQ _ .g:-et .. lD 'i.C2J .~ e.0 .:. 1\tr.ne-r LC?.t _ __ _ _

___ ii'\~D\ -~ ee'i ___ NQ~·{'h __ \ll.ellitHn l~IA~ .-ID. fu.e .bab1MD _fue!3.V_0 _,Jf OJ1.e ..

___ (..Q~ntrj .. Y-.LEkf ____ WffiXYl.~DI-St. --~-fb~ _be - ~JetS ___ ido.uld._ .lol low ... __ History 91234, 2013

sso~s; ONLY

7

_to tose Odd &o~VJ c.o£Anit ies . 1hL Ne1Ail.etilana goveJ-.:1m.011t. dt_'d nt9.t

_J.e_.e l _-fue 1\~.evi to. ivr\-£'Yfre. t'n _Son"-b#11Y'I9 <!'Vlti~ w ru. not-1'h ej6. .-\o

· ·l..t H i J - .1 b {);, . beer~ v..J1liL\: _ OWflf.fX .JYll}l)~f)S~e, _ ~xeSS.Ufe: W.ctS __ J21AI .o.n ___ ~ __ r _ 1\:tA&traHC\. e.In_u\ __ f.\m&rit/!1 1-tcuA.s .. ~ _Nf/W.l.e£1101n.c! ro_ umt __ __ .. _ .. G\ _ feNV :~JohA D.tt~rs- It) -:\h_e_ .J& 0f92.oles.p11(_ w~_nh-ng .m. Hm1+ -~.eJr

___ > if\~p\v~oot a,s __ \fT\1e __ CLS ·-f2ili~~\-~1e . _HQ~'L0.V.e_v _.r:Y\ .oY~ -- P-~· esS-lt1re _ ..

_ _ \f\l.IAS --~!LiJ._. a\ h.<i . £1g>-_pit;e .. _ dhe __ p.r&.s.t _ ar&£Arto1_ .40QQ __ v o lunte..ers __

___ \N 8t ( _s.e.n:r _1 ho.w J!Jit--Y. __ '6 r_ olJ~- .an ct_n n~ J~. J . Y.'/J7_undeQi .. Just- 1£ l\:e. .

. .... cJht. -\)\Ab\.i.c .. A:'bt. .. Ne'w leta.l.abA __ 8_av:uV-1v.n~-+ __ was _Y-).oJ: ___ /2_\0.ct f2f ___ _ _ . sw1Aii1_9.koaps.bvtt ct<Ae. . W . fu~ t.redieJ~ .:lh~ -W£1'1'. b<r.ceA

____ -to_ do ___ ..SQ .. ..:. _____ _ . _________________ _______ ... _ . ___ _____ _ __ ___ _____ _ ____ _ __ ______ __ __ __ ___ _

- . - ~·-- . - -··------ ·- - .. ---- -·---·---- -· ·-- -- . --. . --- .. - . . -· - -· .. - - --·- - ~ ··-- -· . ~- . .. --. . . . .

. . N eJv\l _ l~LrutuL JCJY\I ____ b.oil~- i.OJyj .-Utn~ __ S\}Qrt. ttrm_ eft_t:dS~- Aa .. loY

_ ~h.o.r+. .. +:~rWJ mM0 . NeAN. l.aLatno.C J121m111cs _ .~er~JQ __ w~nl .w.r _ __ ____ +h.tlr Joyev\ c>.be to. c~hA.r n ___ ets __ N~ _b...eQtlJ2tn.k1 . L£2Y11Y.lhLAt.eGt 1'ts_

. . pcu+ , __ LP~18 _ +-tnY! .. ,Yn.CLD:J- \l.~.f~l{£2~'\S ... V:Yf/f.f.. .ncl. Y'.:!t..of!j~J iz ecl _ ____ j-oe ih~(t_ ct.Ghi:fiV£Am:U.Ilis. w.~ _r"-\ i, __ QQ4 ____ .ttnt/L 11.W£Lr-dei.L lAYth'\ __ _

~ _ 200~ .:.. Ve-tet_CA !'!) . -~lAft.Uto.\. _ W!lAma1:il :_,~tT~-~- OH'I£i __ VY\CLL1j __ _ ___ __

___ _ lvuL~ .. niO.t __ J!vn·t _ .. CA .. ftaryu'l!j .. n\LA..e _ -ro ___ (b&.hica IS. ... ..<w.G.h_ as _ tte~t . ·-- DJ'i1fiB{ __ £?f ._NC!.p.tL\YYL ... - ----- ----- .. -·- - ---------- -· · -- . -·· ---

--- -. ·----- ··- - ·- ... - - .. . -··- ---. - -- --- -··· - .. -.----- ..... --- -- - · --- - - --- ·--- ·--

Jbt -~({{Mn<YJ . Wa_r .. cA tre.1J.eu.L N.ew 1LtA,OihvL1~ --.&e.N"~.f1.1 w~0S. 1 ,

'\i rl ,;. ____ pQIL . CC!tl~-+~ o.cLOtl\l_j , .~hQJt+~rr.f\. J\DILl JQI"\3 .. +et ru _111JS_·eNe1Yt ___ 5Q __ -- - -- --'

-~-- \te-tq cm5.J1f lp _fu.oJ.e.. iYJ . .o.e.cl . d£5r,t-:e..~e _h14~.h.1Y__e.aroo en\: ____ _

... ___ trQn'J -~_Q~g, __ ~f\-~~---\')Q_ro:e. c...it_cds.o_ _ ~\rlo.weA ... w~±_ _a~:e. - tQI.A .. Ylh-0 - __ .. __ . 1AP~ __ lV\ __ .0.r.4.£l~-- _t:Q .~r~±ilt. llieir __ \X_&1.11j .. OiiH~n..c-f.._____ ______ ___ ___ .. ____ . _

-·----- - ·- ·------···-- ---- --- -- ·· ---- - - --~-·##·· ·--·- -~- -- --· ·· ·-- - -- . -- - -~- · -- ____ ....., _____ -- - --~- -· -- ------ ~- ---. -· ---- -- -

- -- . ---- _ __ . _____ .,._ --·----- --- ------ ________ _ .., ______ -- -- ______ .., __ ----------- -"'·----- ------- ... - --- , ,.,. ----~

-----~--------·-- ·-- ----·,.·------ ... · - -- -~-- --- ___ ..,.. ________ -- ·····---- -----.--- - ------------------- -·--- -----------·

History 91234, 201 3

ASSESSOR'S USEOI{LY

High Achieved – 04 The background to the event was examined with some supporting evidence, but it’s limited. The candidate has made reference to, and attempted to explain, both the short and long-term effects of the Vietnam War.